MXPA98000105A - Fundides of railway frame and method and males to make the cola - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing hollow cast metal side frames for rail cars, the side frame has front and rear ends and pedestals at each end for mounting the side frame on sets of wheels, a top member that is extends along a longitudinal axis between the front and rear ends, a tensioner having a central bottom portion and a pair of diagonal portions extending from the central bottom portion towards the pedestals, a crossbar that opens to the half of the lateral frame between the upper member and the central bottom portion of the tensioner, a pair of vertical columns extending on both sides of the crosshead opening from the upper member towards the tensioner, and a spring seat in the central portion Bottom of the tensioner to retain a set of spring for springs to support a cross member received in the opening for the crossbar, a pair of windows l laterally between each column and the end of the side frame, each lateral window being between the upper member and one of the diagonal portions of the tension member, the method comprises the steps of providing a male to define the hollow interior of the side frame, providing a mold with the upper frame and trailing portions and upper frame and trailing mold surfaces defining a mold cavity by placing the core in the mold cavity, pouring the molten metal into the mold to form a side frame recess, removing the recess of the mold, and separating the emptying of the male, the improvement is characterized in that the male comprises: a one-piece end male including a male body having a pedestal portion to define an inner surface of part of a pedestal of the frame lateral on one end of the side frame, a portion of integral diagonal member to define an interior surface of a diagonal portion of the tension or, an integral column portion for defining an inner surface of a column, and an integral upper member portion for defining an inner surface of the upper member, and a side window support between the upper portion, the diagonal member portion and the column portion of mac body member

Description

FUNDED OF RAILROAD FRAME AND METHOD AND MALES TO MAKE THE COLADAS. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION: The present invention relates to racks of railroad cars and other cast products, methods for making the castings and cores or souls used to make such metal castings. In the past, when making hollow metal cast bodies, cores made of bonded sand supported on green sand molds have been used to produce hollow fuses. The males or souls have been used to produce hollow or open spaces in the lava flows. Males have commonly been made into core boxes, typically having upper frame and lower frame halves that meet along a vertical line.

There is a cavity in the core box, and a mixture of sand and binder material are introduced into the cavity and allowed to set. The core box in its upper and lower parts is separated along the dividing line, generally in a vertical. Due to the need to pull and separate the two parts, the sizes and shapes of the males are limited, since the males should not have parts that interfere with the movement of the upper part with respect to the lower part nor with the removal of the same males of the two parts of the mold. Thus it has typically been necessary to produce different cores which are then joined together or placed together in the green sand mold. In the case of cast side frames for racks or rail cars, many different forms of cores have been needed to produce the basic shape of the interior of the side frames and the cross members or soleras. As shown in FIGS. 15'17, more than twenty males have been required, with some different males being added together in a separate process before being placed in the mold receiving cavity, and with many males and groups of males separately placed in the mold. While some cores such as the window male and the crossbar opening cores are supported on male recesses, many of the cores have been supported on elbows on the surface of the mold. In addition to the placement of the males, which is a labor-intensive operation, the use of many males is problematic for quality control. With so many joints between the faces of the many males, there is a tendency for many burrs to form inside the cast. To remove these burrs, a terminal operation is difficult since the burr is inside the casting. In addition that burr gives another quality control problem since it produces stress generators that can be formed along the burr. Other potential problems arise from the tendency of the males to move in the mold before or during the casting operation. If the male changes position, the thickness of the walls will change with respect to the design. Also many males can be so thin that male or core rods are required to support the sand. These soul bars increase the cost of the process and complicate the cleaning of the laundry. Another problem may arise in relation to the friction plates in the rear of the columns of the side casting frame. Such plates are bolted to the columns through holes in the columns. These bolt holes are along a joint on the inner side of the columns formed by the males of the upper part and the lower part of the mold when adjusting. Any misalignment of the males along the joint will cause the metal to have a stepped surface in the hole, causing an improper or uneven load for the bolt. Another problem may arise with the area of a side frame around lightening holes and other openings in the frame wall. Burr can form around these openings, and sometimes point into the interior of the laundry. To finish such a cast it will be difficult to remove the burr manually since the burr is not accessible to the worker. In addition, it is very difficult to remove the internal burr. Similar problems have occurred for cast crossbars to be used on rail cars or racks. Like the side frames, the crosspieces have hollow interiors, and traditionally they have been manufactured with multiple cores to form the interior or the walls and surfaces of the exterior walls. Sixteen males have been used to produce these castings or castings, with the upper part and the lower part sometimes adhered to each other or juxtaposed along joints, as in the case of the males of lateral frames, with elbows supporting the males on the molding surface, and with separate males inserted in the masses to define holes to join with bolts the lateral supports and the inert lever levers to the crossbar. Same problems to the previous ones have been presented with respect to the control of exit for the crossing. The positions of the males on the elbows can move in the mold, creating the possibility of carrying out a cast with more or less thickness of wall than what is sought. The manufacture of crossbars has required that multiple cores be placed in a mold in an intensive work operation with multiple joints where effort donors can be presented. And as in the side frames the interior burrs could form around the lighters and other openings, which could be difficult and laborious to remove and can not be removed by automated termination operations. In addition, burrs can be formed at the edges of the openings that can be stressed and damaged during the removal operation in the case of side frames and cross-members. In those cases the males used for the holes may be misaligned, creating a hole with a displaced shaft. When used it may be difficult to properly connect an appendix such as an inert lever ear through a displaced shaft hole, and the pin may be subjected to unequal stress or the nut or lining may not sit flush against the cast surface. The present invention faces several aspects of these problems of the prior art, and different characteristics of the invention make improvements in different aspects of the same males or souls, in the process of casting metallic bodies using such cores, and in the metallic bodies castings such as side frames and crossbars or soleras. Some of these improvements may apply to some as well as others, and may be convenient in the use of casting other metal bodies. And although the present invention provides many improvements to different aspects of frames and crosspieces, different aspects of the invention can be used alone or in combination with each other to enhance several of the improvements presented. In one aspect, the present invention reduces the number of masses required to have lateral joints and crosspieces, to improve the efficiency of the production by producing frames and crosspieces of consistent quality. With fewer cores, the number of joints in the males and so both the number of possible burrs or joints in the cast will be greatly reduced. This reduction in the number is done by male solids. These are supported on the surfaces of the lower part of the mold without supporting bends to reduce the possibility of displacement of the masses. For the lateral marsum, the masses can be consolidated to provide two one-piece end males, a one-piece central male, and a one-piece central bottom male. The one-piece end males and the center male may be supported on the surface of the lower part on male recesses without support bends. The masses for the masses have a shape, size and position so that the four males are supported by the notches, without elbows. In some embodiments, the notches also serve to locate an end piece male on the bottom of the mold. And in some embodiments, a locating protrusion is a trailing surface may be provided in one of the shafts to ensure more proper solosion of the end masses on the surface of the bottom of the mold. The present invention also encompasses methods for fabricating side marsos using such masses as well as the frames themselves. In another aspect, a one-piece central frame male is provided for lateral marees -for ferrosarril rails. The one-piece sentral masho has an integral part of the cross-member opening and an integral part of the spring seat that are fully supported on the surface of the lower part of the mold without bending elbows. A portion of the upper member is stamped to the cross-member opening portion "across a bridge so that the upper member portion can be supported above the surface of the lower part by the opening portion of the cross member, free of elbows In order to form the bolt holes, the one-piece lateral marshal sentry masho can include bolt-hole spigot shafts molded to be integral with the opening portion of the cross-piece to ensure that the shafts of the bolt holes are The studs are suitably aligned The present invention provides cores with stepped coupling surfaces that allow a male to support another male without sodos The stepped surfaces can be used to support a lower face masho over the two one-piece end males for the marsus lateral, to support two mashos extremes on the central masho of a crossbar and can be applied to the casting or casting of other types of bodies equally. The central casting male can be a one-piece male with stepped coupling surfaces. In any case, the stepped surfaces can also use wedges and cradles to better stabilize the position of the cores. Stamped surfaces can also be used to support parts of the cores used to make the ferrous-tartar frame cross-members. The present invention allows the production of frame crosspieces, which are a sentral mash, and are outboard ends designed to support extremes within the outer edge of the extreme masses. The superfined surfaces can withstand the extreme masses in three directions, eliminating the need for weight-bearing nodes between the extreme masses and the superfisiness of the lower part of the mold. The stepped surfaces may have wedges and cradles to ensure adequate colossation of the cores. Both in the side frames and in the crossbars, the final products can be expected to have warning flasks, which are the shape of the supports. Warnings or signs can show joint lines that are offset or staggered on the interior walls of the side frames and crossbars. With consolidated males, the interior walls can be expected to remain otherwise free of joint marks or burrs. In another aspect the central cross member may be a central one piece male, a pair of integral male notches are provided to support the male in the mold. The samples are made to the body of the Masho by means of sleepers or bridges. These are holes in the side walls of the crossbar. The sleeves or bridges will have size, shape and position sorrespondientes are out one of the holes in the side wall of the crossbar. The muessas separate the anshos and heights of the sleeves. The samples can, in some embodiments, have superfined surfaces, the notch can be used to define part of the central cross-member plate and part of the outer side of the cast. In another aspect, the present invention provides more than one piece for the crossbar. The two ends of one piece masho sada can support all the weight of the male in the mold, without support bends between the male and the surface of the lower part of the mold. In some embodiments, the male end of a piece may have males of pin for integral bolt holes extending out from the upper surface for lateral supports In another aspect, a crossbar is presented in which the inner support ribs have opposite faces that are basically parallel with the transverse axis of the crossbar in all its height . The crossbar has upper and lower parts, and the faces of the transverse ribs in the upper and lower parts do not diverge from a vertical plane between them in the same direction. The sentral male for the crossbar is similarly constructed. By making the ribs of the crossbar this is figuration, the sentral masho can be made in one piece and pulled from the male box as a piece without damage to the male. In another aspect, further improvements to the structure of the side frame are made in the stud bolt holes by connecting the friction plates to the side frames. The holes of the lateral frame bolt are surrounded by a radial draft, a depression on the inner surface of the column wall formed by a conical protrusion along a separating line of a one-piece end male as it is stable in others of the invention, and can also be used in traditional mash placements. Against tapered or radial casting surrounding the bolt hole, the outer circumferensia of a lining or nut may rest against the surface of the radial shed for uniform and complete loading. In another aspect, the cores of the present invention have a shape that allows any burrs to be moved around the openings or holes in the flooring to the exterior thereof for simplified removal during a finishing operation. The invention makes this improvement by using sample holders wrapped in some of the openings or holes. Each sample holder wrapped around comprises a neck that connects the notch to the body of the masho. The edges of the mash string that blow or envelope the surface of the mold are spaced beyond at least a portion of the circumference or perimeter of the neck. The circumference of the neck defines the edge of the cast around the opening so that the innermost part of the edge molds in a distance spaced from the joint of the groove of the core and the mold where a flash could be formed. The weld may be concave so that the resulting cast has convex edges around the opening or hole. DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS: Figure 1 is a perspective view of a ferrous-steel car frame, are side marsos and a crossbar; Figure 2 is a top plan view of a lateral marso that may have been made according to the invention; Figure 3 is a side plan view of a lateral sea wall, according to the invention are parts shown in the drawing; Figure 4 is an enlarged partial perspective view of the upper frame member of Figure 2; Figure 5 is a cross section taken along line 5-5 of Figure 4; Figure 6 is a top plan view of the four one-piece cores of the side frame of the present invention placed in the lower part of the molding box with other cores, to give more illustration; Figure 6A is an enlarged partial cross section of a portion of a side frame male received within the upper and lower parts of a mold; Figure 7 is a perspective view of the four cores in one piece, showing the portions provided to lean against the underside of the mold surface; Figure 7A is a partial cross section of a one-piece end male of FIGS. 6-7 showing the received protrusion locator in a coupling hole in the surface of the lower part of the mold; Figure 8 is an exploded perspective view of the four one-piece cores showing the opposite side of the cores shown in Figure 7; Figure 8A is a partial section of the central opening of the central masho of FIGS 6-8, showing the lifting arms by pumping the masho to pick it up; Figure 9 is a perspective view of one of the one-piece end masks of the side frame of the invention; Figure 10 is a partial perspective view of the sentral backbone of the marsus of the diagonal tension arm portion of the extreme masho of the frame of Fig. 9; Figure 11 is a partial side plan view of one of the male notches of the male of Fig. 9; Figure 12 is a perspective view of the central center male of FIGS. 6-8; Figure 13 is an enlarged partial perspective view of one end of the central center male of Figure 12. Figure 14 is a perspective view of the central frame male shown in FIGS. 6-8; Figure 15 is a perspective view of some of the multiple side frame males of the prior art, replaced by the one-piece masho of the present invention; Figure 16 is a perspective view of some of the multiple masses of the anterior teresian marsha replaced by the one-piece male of the present invention; Figure 17 is a perspective view of a part of the males of the previous technique replaced by the sentral bottom masho of a piece of the present invention; Figure 18 is a cross-section of a side-frame using the cores of the invention, taken along the longitudinal central line of the marsus; Figure 19 is a transversal cross-section of a Hesho using the masses of the present invention, taken along the longitudinal sentral line of the marsus, showing the opposite side to that of Fig. 18; Figure 20 is a view "persistive parsial of one of the soloms, are parts removed, showing a plating of frissión solosada in a solumna, are the tuersas of assembly, bolts and garrisons in an exploded view; Figure 21 is a sorte cross section taken along line 21-21 of Figure 20, Figure 22 is a side plan view of a cross of the anterior teñasis, they are a cross-sectional part, Figure 22A is a partial top plan view; of the prior art cross member of Figure 22, showing the assembly of an inert lever ear on a flat area of the cross piece; Figure 23 is a side plan view of a side cross section of the present invention with a part in place Fig. 23A is a partial cross-section of a cross rib of Fig. 23. Fig. 24 is a top plan view of the crossbar of Fig. 23. Fig. 25 is a perspective view of a cross section. above of the previous technique used to make the cross of the previous teasin; Figure 26 is a perspective view of another male of the prior art used to have a cross member of the previous tansy; Figure 27 is a perspective view of another masho of the previous tansy used to make the cross member of the prior art; Figure 28 is a perspective view of another group of the males of the prior art used to have the cross member thereof; Figure 29 is a perspective view of another group of masses of the prior art used to make the crossbar thereof; Figure 30 is an exploded side plane view of three one-piece bar cores of the invention; Figure 31 is a perspective view of the three cores in a piece of the invention with the two one-piece cores resting on the central core of a piece; Figure 32 is a perspective view of a one-piece sentral fashion for a crosspiece according to the present invention; Figure 33 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a one-piece central masho for cross-piece according to the invention; Figure 34 is a top plan view of the center cross member of Figure 32; Figure 35 is a cross section of the cross member masho of Fig. 34 taken along line 35-35; Figure 35A is a partial cross section along the line 35A-35A of Fig. 34 Figure 36 is a perspective view of a one-piece end male for cross member of the invention; Figure 37 is another perspective view of the one-piece end male for cross member of Fig. 36. Figure 38 is a perspective view showing the three one-piece pieces for the cross piece of the invention cast on the underside of a molding saja; Figure 39 is a transversal cross-section that shows the position of one of the mashos of the invention are respects the upper and lower parts of a mold; Figure 40 is a perspective view of the bottom side of a core box that can be used to fabricate the central core of the side frame; Figure 41 is a side view of an inert lever ear that can be used with the cross member of the present invention; Figure 42 is a top plan view of the inert lever ear of Fig. 41; A rail car frame 10 that can utilize the metal cast components of the present invention is illustrated in Figure 1. As shown, a typical frame 10 includes a pair of wheel sets 12, each set of wheels having an axle 14 with a wheel 16 at the end of each shaft 14. The two wheel sets 12 carry a pair of side mars 18 parallel and spaced apart. The two mars 18s have longitudinal sentral lines 19 and are tensioned by a crossbar 20, which is received in a crosspiece opening 21 in the center of each frame. The crossbar is mounted in a set of springs 22. The present invention provides lateral marsos and improved crossbars, and methods for fabricating such metallized or molten metal bodies, as well as masses or souls to be used in fabricating those so-called metallized bodies. The use of the method and cores of the present invention will benefit by simplifying the fabrication of cast frames and metal crosspieces, thus improving salinity and reducing the weight of such products. The principles of the casting method and the designs of the cores are also usable in the production of other cast metal bodies. The side frames presented in United States Patent 5, 481, 986 granted January 9, 1996, to Charles P. Spenser, Fran lin S McKeo n and Donald J. Lane and assigned to Amsted Industries Incorporated Chisago 111. may have been agreed upon. the prinsipios of the present invention, and the description of that patent is insorporated as a reference. As shown in FIGS. 2-5, a side frame 18 made in accordance with the present invention includes a top member 24 having a central portion 26 and two similar upper end portions 28 connected with the central portion 26 through the compression member portions 27. At the front and rear ends 30, 32, the side frame has pedestal jaws 34 for mounting on a set of wheels 12 according to Fig. 1. Each pedestal includes an outer pedestal leg 29, a roof 31, an inner pedestal leg 33 and a clamp flange stub 35. Each frame 18 also includes a tension member 36 comprising a central bottom portion 38 and two integral diagonal portions 40, each extending from the central portion 38 toward the pedestals 34. A spring seat 42 is in the central portion. 38 of the tensioner 36, between the central bottom portion 38 and the upper central portion 26 of the upper member 24. The center of the seat has a lower opening for the cross member 44 above the spring seat 42 to accommodate the set of springs as shown in Fig. 1. The center -. ._ - of the frame has an opening 21 between the opening 44 and the sentral portion 26 of the upper member 24 to support the end of the cross member 20 according to Fig. 1. A solder 48 extends between the upper member 24 and the tension member 36, along each side of the cross member opening 21 and the lower cross member opening 44. Each side frame 18 also has two side windows 50. Each side window 50 is between the opening 21 or the columns 48 and the pedestals 34 at the front and rear ends 30, 32 of the frame 18, between the end portions 28 of the upper member 24 and the diagonal arm portions 40 of the tensioner 36. The illustrated side frame 18 is hollow, with the outer 52 and inner 54 sides. the surfaces of its cast metal walls 56. There are a plurality of openings in the flat metal walls 56, including lighter openings 58 in the upper surfaces of the upper member 24. Other openings 60 are provided with Thus, for example, the walls between the side windows 50 and the diagonal arm supports 40 of the tensioner, between the side windows 50 and the upper end portions 28 of the upper member 24, and in the lower surface of the sentral portion 26 of the member upper 24. the walls 56 in the opening have an edge 62, as shown in FIGS. 4-5, facing outwards, the edge 62 being convex then. Here, references to the tensioner 36 and the diagonal portions 40 of the tensioner, do not include the flanges 35 or the pedestal legs 33, shown in Fig. 3, a unless otherwise indicated. As shown in Fig. 5, the illustrated edges have "ul" radii of curvature "sl" and "s2". The radii of curvature pr "are approximately half of the thickness of the walls metalishes 56, represented by" x "in Fig. 5. The curvature faces cl and c2 are aligned are the most extreme survature point sl to a lesser distance From "x" to the outer surface of the metal and the innermost center of curvature c2 is located between the outer and inner surfaces of the metallic wall, the distance x is less than r in the illustrated mode, where the lateral frame is thick. in the light openings of approximately 1.27 cm, and the radii of curvature of the edges 62 are approximately 0.63 cm, with the solosado less than 0.63 cm from the external surface and c2 at a distance of 0.63 cm from the internal and external surfaces Alternatively, the cast metal wall could have a single center of survature, with, for example, a radius of curvature greater than half the thickness of the metal, which is greater than the distance x shown in Fig. 5. The edges curved portions 62 of the frames in the lighter apertures 58 and other openings 60 are formed by the method of the present invention, using unique males 64 having unmasked masho-like samples 66 are illustrated in FIGS. 6-14. Each masho 64 has a masking groove 66 in the form of a lightening opening 58, and the other opening 60 in the walls 56 of the mars 18 can also have muessas. Each sample 66 includes a male notch body 70 to be received in a coupling cavity in a mold for manufacturing the cast metal part. Thus the male notch bodies 70 can serve to properly support and position the male in the mold. Each notch body 70 is integral with the remainder of the male and is staked to the outer surface of the male 68 by means of a neck or bridge 72., each of which has a thickness "n" in Fig. 11 below is the desired thickness of the walls 56 of paired metal at the edges 62. Each neck 72 has a perimeter that is spaced apart from the edges 73 of the print of masho that is the superfisie of the mold. Each flap 72 forms one of the metal edges 62 in the casting, the internal cirsunferensia of the edge 62 is distal to the inside of the joint of the masho and mold sample so that any burrs formed in the joint of the impression and the mold will remain distanced from the internal circumference of the edge. Having that neck is expected benefit by ensuring that if a burr is formed during casting, it will form on the outside of the casting instead of its interior, making it easy to remove the burr by machining another operation. In addition, the hole n must have burr and not be formed on the edges of the opening that could be forced, particularly if they are damaged during the removal of the burr, in the illustrated embodiment the collars 72 are concave to form convex edges 62. When making such males, male boxes having upper and lower portions may be employed. Such core boxes are generally separated along dividing lines to remove the molded masho. To accommodate such a withdrawal where the dividing line lies in a plane perpendicular to the plane through the centers of curvature of the neck 72, the modality illustrated in FIG. 1 provides a concave neck are a thick "n" and are two survature faces, cl and c2, aligned that have a radius "r". The two survatura senses have synules that lie outside or beyond a plane 71 through the joints of the neck 72 and the male impression body 70, on the edges 73 of the male notches and a radius of curvature greater than half the thickness of the bridge Mn. "With one or the other mode, the neck or bridge of male is not curve backward in a manner that would interfere with the movement of the male with respect to the upper and lower parts of the male mold, instead, each joint 73 is spaced "d" from a plane 75 through the aligned centers more curves of curvature cl and c2 The distance "d" is equal to the length of the radii of curvature, less than the distance "x". It should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to such curvatures, the neck can alternatively comprise a Cylindrical surface, for example, In other places spaced from the dividing line, it is not necessary for the collars to be curved, have two centers of curvature, or a radius of curvature of the greater than half the thickness of the floor. Thus, for example in males to form the cross member of the present invention, the radius of curvature for the necks can be of the order of 0.63cm, they are the thickness of the seal between the outer surface of the masho body and the printing body less than about 1.27cm to produce a cast metal body having walls with a thickness less than about 1.27 cm. It may be desirable to vary the thickness of the side frame walls, as will be understood by those skilled in the art, to bring the weight to a minimum but to achieve the desired resistances. In the illustrated embodiment, the thickness of the walls varies, being of the order of approximately 1.27sm. some areas and approximately l, 90sm in other areas.

In the illustrated embodiment, the lightweight openings in the cast metal frame are slightly smaller than those shown in the '5 patent to patent 5,481,986 to move the openings away from the radius joining the upper wall and each sidewall. The illustrated openings 58 in the upper member 24 have widths that reach a maximum of 8.15 cm (3.24 inches). The lengths of the two lighter openings closer to the center of the upper member have a length of 16.5 cm (6.5 inches); each one is distanced from the edge by 2.24 cm (1.88 inches) and each other by 5sm (2 inches). The lightening end hole is spaced 1.60sm (1.62 inches) from the edge and does not extend to the outermost part of the outer pedestal leg 29. However, bending around the openings is prevented when using wrapped foils around so that There is no weight gain. Another aspect of the present invention can be seen in Figures 6-8 which illustrate the aluminosilidasion alsanzada are the method of the present invention. As shown, the interior surface 54 of the walls of the marsus in its upper member, tension member and columns could be made using four cores: two end cores 80 of a piece for the side frame, a central core 82 of a piece for the lateral frame and a central male of one piece 84.

Each of the one-piece masks 80 of the present invention has a mash body 86 is a pedestal portion 88 for defining an interior surface of the frame pedestal 34 at the front or rear end 32 of the frame. In the illustrated embodiment, the pedestal portion 88 defines the inner surface of the outer pedestal leg 29; the one-piece end masho also defines the inner surface of the pedestal tesho 31. An integral diagonal tension arm portion 90 serves to define an interior surface of the diagonal portion of the frame 40 of the tensioner 36. A portion of upper member 92 of a one-piece end male 80 also extends from the pedestal portion 88, and serves to define the inner surface of the upper end 28 and the portions of the compression member 27 of the upper member 24. The one-piece end mask 80 also they include support for an integral side window 94 between the portion of the tension arm 90, the upper portion 92, and the column portion 96. The side window support 94 serves to define the side windows 50 of the side frame 18, as shown in FIG. 9, and is shown to the portion 90 and to the upper portion. 92 of the male by means of collars 98 defining the openings 60 in the diagonal portion of the tension arm and the lower side of the compression portion 27 of the upper member 24. The column portion 96 serves to define the interior surface 54 of the column 48 of the cast side frame. The side window support 94 has flat surfaces 100 that extend outwardly beyond the outer surface 689 of the male body 86. These flat surfaces 100 serve to support a part of the weight of the end male 80 on the mold, and lie in a plane spaced from the outer surface 68 of the male body 86 by approximately 1.27cm. Since the surface 100 on the underside 102 of the core depresses on the lower surface of the mold 103 of the pocket 104, and since this surface 100 on the side of the upper part of the mold 106 rests against the upper surface of the mold ( indicated as 107 in FIG 6A for the surface of the upper part of the mold in the groove 70 on the upper member portion 92) that space will define the thickness of the metal to be cast in this area of the side frame. In the illustrated embodiment these surfaces 100 on both sides 102,106 of the male lie in planes. In the embodiment illustrated with or shown in Figures 7 and 9, the support of the side window 94 on the side of the lower part 102 of the end male 80 also includes a laminarizing protuberance 112 extending outwardly from the supporting surface flat 100. The locator protrusion 112 is received within a hole or opening 113 (Fig 7A) on the surface of the upper part of the mold 103 on the side of the upper part of the mold to locate and support the core. The illustrated locating protrusion 112 has the shape of a truncated cone, that is, it has a slight drag to facilitate fabrication of the core and also facilitate colossalization of protuberansia 112 in coupling hole 113. In the embodiment illustrated as shown in FIG. 6, the side of the upper part 106 of the end male does not have a locating protrusion, although it is understood that it can be provided if desired, together with a pumping hole on the upper side of the mold. Each end male 80 is furthermore supported on the surface of the upper part of the mold 103 by male notches 66 corresponding to lighter openings 58 on the outer surface of the upper member 24. Another impression 118 is located at the central male end of the bottom. 120 of the diagonal portion of the tensioner. The male impression bodies 70 have shapes to be received in the coupling openings 116 in the surface of the lower mold part 103 and to support a portion of the weight of the end male on the surface of the lower part and in the coupling openings 117 in the surface of the upper part 107 (Fig. 6A) to stabilize and position the core with respect to the surface of the upper part of the mold. The male notches 66, 118 the window supports 94 and the lamellar protrusion 112 also serve to position or maintain the position of the end masho 80 in the mold during handling and in combination are the contour of the mold surfaces 103, 107, to define the thickness of the metal to be cast, which may be approximately 1.27 cm of grade C, B or B + steel, for example, in the illustrated embodiment. In addition, the combination of the samples 66, 118 and the window support 94 can support the full face of the sea 80 on the surface of the lower part of the mold 103, without the support of any slaves or other device to support or give it Possession to masho. The one-piece end masks 80 may be integral one-piece heshos by providing a mash saja (not shown) having upper and lower halves are superfisies that define the shape of the one-piece end masho. As shown in Figures 9 and 10, an extreme masho of a piece hesho are such mash saja would have a dividing line 130 in the plane of the longitudinal axis 110 of the masho but it would be free of joint lines. The inner surface 54 of the cast side marsus or other metallic body would also be free of burrs, joint lines or other witness marks except a slight depression or arsa witness in the dividing line 130 and in the joints between the consolidated males. In this description, the term "witness mark" is a generic expression that encompasses both burrs and joint marks.

To facilitate the removal of the end pieces of a part 80 in the mold, the pedestal ear lighter 131 shown in FIG. 15 has been removed from the cores in one piece since the presence of the lighter interferes with the autoclave solosion of the lighter. male in the mold. As shown in Figure 6, the mold may contain a separate core 217 to define the shape of the pedestal opening, and the end core could not be solosed in the mold and masho 217 is in place if the lighter is maintained. Another embodiment of the present invention relates to providing a stepped joint for supporting and locating the central bottom male 84 on two end cores 80, free of any support soda or other device for supporting the weight of the sentral mast of the lateral marsal bottom. 84. As shown in Figures 8 and 10, the end 120 of the bottom core of each diagonal portion of the tension arm has a stepped surface. The staggered surfaces on the end masses include a support member; of weight 132, a longitudinal boundary member 134 and a lateral boundary member 136, all lying in different planes. As shown in Figure 12, the two ends 138 of the male 84 have coupling weight bearing members 140, of longitudinal boundary 142 and side members 144, comprising surfaces lying in different planes. In the illustrated embodiment, the weight bearing members 132, 140 are coplanar are the longitudinal axis 110 of the end males and the bottom center, although, the surfaces 132, 140 and others may have a haul drive are a prastisa somun in the casting teasant, and such trailing surfaces are included within the coplanar expression, used herein. The longitudinal boundaries 134, 142 lie in planes intersecting the longitudinal axis 110 and intersperse the planes of the weight bearing members 132, 140 and the lateral limits 136, 144. These coupling members lie in planes intersecting the planes of the supports 132, 140 and may comprise a wedge 137 in the end male, and wedge 145 in the central core male, it is understood that the wedge may be formed in the central core and the cradle over the end male, if desired. As shown in Figures 6-8, when the end cores 80 and the bottom sentral core 84 are assembled, the support members 140 disengage and are supported by the end mash supports 132, and the longitudinal limits of the central masho bottom 142 and sides 144 are positioned by members 134 and side limit members 136. Thus, the entire weight of the core 84 is supported by the end masks 80 on their support members 132, 140 and the relative movement between the masses. 80, 84 is limited by the longitudinal limiting members 134, 142, 136 and lateral 144. The central male 84 has a notch portion 146 in the joint with the end male engaging the notch 118 at the end 120 of the central core the diagonal part 40 of the tensioner 36. Thus, the central male can be supported and placed above the surface of the upper part of the mold 103 without support bends, since the notches 66, 118, 146 and the prongs Oblomances 112 will maintain the position of the end masks 80 and center male 84, and the mold can be moved and used without the males moving and without using elbows or other devices. However, in order to keep the central bottom male without floating during pouring of the molten metal, it may be desirable to place elbows on the upper part of the central core to lean against the surface of the upper part of the mold 107 and thus stop the male down when introducing the molten metal. As shown in Figures 6-7, the joints of the end cores and the center core are at or immediately after the points of curvature of the tensioners 36, that is, the seams are along the diagonal portions 40 of the tensors, cess of the porsión 40 sentral of fund. As shown in Figures 10 and 12-13, the lateral boundary surfaces 136, 144 of the wedge and the swipe are not perpendicular to the longitudinal boundaries 132, 142, but are slightly oblique, so that the lateral boundary 144 of the central male can be formed basically parallel to the dividing line 143 (Figure 12) of the central male; lateral limit surfaces 136, 144 may have a drag according to the standard practice, and such entrainment or removal surfaces are intended to be included in the expression basically parallel. This configuration facilitates the removal of central core 84 from the maslow case. The sentral masho 84 generally defines the shape of the inner surface 54 of the walls 56 of the sentral bottom portion 38 of the tensor 356 of the lateral breech 18. The openings 147 in the sentral masho, shown in Figure 12, define supporting ribs. internal 150 in the sentral portion 38 of the tensioner 36, as shown in Figures 18 and 19. Those ribs 150 are shown in Figures 18-19 and extend to the seat of the spring 42, and correspond to five spaced apart slots 147 in the center pin 84. In the illustrated mode, all slots 147 are defined by spaced walls that lie in planes substantially parallel to the plane of the longitudinal axis 149 of the sentral male 84 to facilitate the removal of the slugged male from the male shank. It is generally expected that a casting made with the central core males and the end masses will have corresponding witnessing marks are the joints of the joints 150, 152, 156 between the males. Due to the stepped surfaces in the joints 150, 152, 156 these control marks are displaced longitudinally on the inner surfaces 54 of the walls 56 in the casting. Thus, considering the two sides of the screed defined by the plane of the center line 19 of the cast frame 18, shown in Figures 18-19, the distances between the witness marks 152 on one side of the longitudinal centerline 19 of the frame with greater that the distances between the control marsas 156 and the transverse sentral line 154 in the opposite half of the floor. As shown in Figures 18 and 19, a screed having displaced control faces 152, 156 can be expected when using males are surfaces sealed at the joints between the masses. A sentral masho of a piece of lateral marsus 82 is illustrated in Figure 14. This masho can be described in general as described and illustrated in US Patent 5, 481, 986 although in the sentral male of the dessrita modality in the present application, the sentral masho of marso 82 and the sentral masho of fund 84 are separate elements rather than combined as it is presented in the consented patent. In addition, in the modality illustrated in Figure 14, the studs have no lightening openings, but simply openings for bolts that connect the friction plates to the faces of the columns. The one-piece side frame center core 82 of the embodiment of Figure 14 includes a cross member opening element 158 corresponding to the cross member opening 21 in the cast frame 18. The center male has a longitudinal center axis 159 The opening portion of the cross member includes a pair of notch surfaces of the support 160 lying in planes substantially parallel to the axis 159 of the central core and parallel to the longitudinal axes 110 of the end masks 80 when being combined are the end cores as shown in FIG. shown in Figure 6. The flat printing surfaces 150 can rest on notching surfaces engaging the surface of the upper part of the mold 103 to support the weight of the central core-on the mold and prevent the molten metal from flowing to the area that It's going to be the opening of the crossbar. At the ends of the two flat masonry surfaces 160 there are pylon surfaces 162 defining the outer side of the opposite saws 163 of the sol 48 studs. The masho decal surfaces 162 are parallel to each other and have vertically aligned silvicular elements 164 extending outward from the surfaces with parallel axes aligned along the center line 159. These cylindrical elements comprise males of a gap pin. Bolt As shown in Figure 6, when the center male 82 is combined with the two end cores 80, the cylindrical elements or spigot masses 164 comprise the end portions 96 of the end masses to define pin holes 166 in the opposite sides of the columns 48 of the cast metal frames for attaching friction plates to the columns as shown in Figure 19. As shown in Figure 14, the sentral masho of one-piece frame 82 includes an integral spring seat 170 to define the lower crosspiece opening 44 and the upper surface of the spring seat 42 in the lateral seat. The bottom surface 172 of the spring seat 170 is spaced from above the sentral base 84, and in conjunction with the mating surfaces 174 on the surfaces of the upper and lower parts of the mold 103, 107 define a cavity wherein the metal is cast to form the spring seat 42. The seat member 170 also has flat support surfaces 176 supporting a part of the weight of the sentral masho 82 on the surface of the lower part of the mold 103 and coupling with the surface of the upper part of the mold 107 to ensure a suitable position of the central core are respectable to the superfissures of the mold. The illustrated one-piece sentral masho 82 also includes a sentral portion of the upper member 178 defining the internal surface 54 of the walls 56 overlying the sentral portion 26 of the upper member 24. The integral sleeves 180 join the central portion 178 of the male 82 to the cross piece opening portion 158. The collars or bridges 180 correspond to the openings 182 in the underside of the central portion 26 of the upper member 24, shown in Figure 3. The central male 82 of an illustrated side frame part can be made as a single integral piece by providing a male box with surfaces of upper and lower portions that define the shape of the central male. The core can be manufactured so that the longitudinal axis 159 comprises the dividing line of the core case, the resulting core remaining free of joints and having only a dividing line 184 along its longitudinal sentral axis 159. To produce any indentation or protuberansia in the body of the masho that could be damaged during the removal of the male saja, this can be provided with movable parts that are retracted when the male has to withdraw from the male box. Such a jack box is illustrated in Figure 40. Automatic devices such as hydraulically or pneumatically operated elements can be used with the hub boxes to move the movable parts as desired during the cycle. The produced male may have only one dividing line visible in a part of the male, such as along the longitudinal axis 159 of the upper central portion 178 and necks or bridges 180, but not elsewhere. A cast metal side frame made of according to the male 82 can be expected to have telltale markings that form joint lines or burrs 186 on the inner surface 54 of the walls that protrude the upper member 24, as shown in Figures 18 and 19, where the upper member of the center male 178 encounters the portions 92 of the upper member of the end male, as shown in Figures 6-8, but which are otherwise free of joint lines or burrs in the areas of the lateral frame defined by the central male 82. On the other hand, the central male 82 can be supported on the surface of the lower part of the mold 103 only by the supporting surfaces 160,176 so that the metal flooring in the area of the lateral marsal defined by the central male one piece 82 have fewer elbows; since there are no support elbows, one side of the tension bottom center 40 may be free of elbows, while the other side may have some locating elbows. The one-piece central masho of the frame 82 could have gates 161 in the opening element of the cross member 158, for the movement of the molten metal, as is used. The illustrated gates are included for illustration and if they are included, they will have shape, size and distribution according to the usual technique. A cast metal side frame using four illustrated cores 80, 82, 84 can be expected to have witness marks 186 on the interior surface 54 of the walls 56 comprising the top member 24, as shown in Figures 17 and 18, and internal witness marks displaced 152, 156 in the tensioner 36, but the interior surface will be free of seal lines and burrs in the areas defined by the central pawl 82 for the side frame. The advantages of using two one-piece end cores 80, a one-piece central core 82 and the one-piece bottom central core 84 can be seen by comparing the number of masses used in the previous teasin to produce the inner sap of a lateral marso. The masses of the previous teasant are illustrated in Figures 15-17. Figure 15 shows a typical arrangement of masses to manufacture a lateral marsus, seven masses are required to form the extreme side frame, thus a total of fourteen masses, in total of two masses of the present invention. The males of the prior art for the end of the frame include: the masses 190, 192 of the lateral marsal window of the upper part and the lower part, to form the area of the side window 50 and the column 48; intermediate males split the side frame up and down 194, 196 to form a part of the upper member an the inside of the pedestal ceiling; side frame tension males up and down 198,200 to form the diagonal portions 40 of the tensioner 36; and an end male 202 to form the interior of a part of the pedestal 34. These masses were not integral, but were juxtaposed or some times adhered to each other, they are joint lines between each of the individual mashos. The above teasin typically also included a backrest male for the spring seat (not shown) that was not an integral part of or was attached to another masho. The number of important masses used in the previous teasant was problematic in several aspects: with respect to the automation of the process to put the males in the mold, since it is difficult for several small pieces to fit in the mold, and control problems could arise. quality by the displacements and movements of the individual males or imperfections in the adjustment between the adjacent males which produced internal burrs during the casting or could result in thick variables of the walls of the casting; and if two males such as males 198, 200 were not properly aligned, the casting of the metal could have a stepped or uneven surface on the joint of the two parts. These multiple males are often thin, requiring the use of male bars to give strength to the male. The removal of these masho bars after the screed has set increases the manufacturing cost. Disadvantages and similar problems arise when using multiple masses for the sentral portion. As shown in Figures 16-17, an example of the sentral masses required by the previous thesis shows that less than nine masses are needed while the present invention uses two; a side frame cross member aperture 204, both column pin 206 inserted in the cross member opening boss, a spring seat male 208 and bottom center pins in the top and bottom of the mold 210, 212 adhered to each other. It is understood that several additional cores are required for several appendages to the lateral frame, although those males are not considered in this invention. For example, there may be males of ear separated from rotation added to the central male, although those males could be consolidated within the sentral masho of the lateral marso. Inslusive six additional cocks (not shown) could be required in the manufacturing process. But even with those additional cores, the present invention consolidates twenty-three cores into four, reducing the total number of cores to make a side frame to only 10 instead of twenty-nine. These additional cores may need to be supported by elbows on the surface of the lower part of the mold, and may require locating elbows to fix their positions. Some of these additional cores are shown in Figure 6, including the masses of left and left residual stumps. and the clamp masses of the trunnion 219. In addition, the clamping masses to form the brake beams on the inside sides of the side frames would still be used, and the left and right trunnion masses, as well as those of the Clamp and brake beam clamp may require the use of weight-bearing sodos or the aligners, although the number of elbows and the problems - associated with it, greatly diminish with the present invention. Thus it can be seen that the present invention offers several advantages for manufacturing side frames. By reducing the number of cores, any tendency to displace the multiple cores is reduced, reducing erroneous metal encounters. The security against displacement is improved by the present invention with the use of the locating protuberans 112 in the end cores 80 and the stepped connections between the sentral bottom mash 84 and the end or side masses, which limit the longitudinal and lateral movement. Similarly, the adjustment of the male notches 66 of the end cores in the enclosure areas of the upper and lower part of the mold stabilizes the positions of the end masses and of the sentral bottom mash. And since the soft masses of the present invention are supported in the mold by the masho impressions, other masses and opening defining parts, the floors can be made without support soils, increasing the efisiensia of the manufacturing process and leading to a minimum the possibility of displacement of the mashos.

In addition, the present invention brings to a minimum the number of joint lines which normally results between the multiple masses, improving the appearance of the final flooring, reducing the sanctity of final preparatory work to remove the flash, and improving the internal salinity of the floor. Soothing by eliminating or greatly reducing the possibility of stress propellers that tend to form along the entire joint line. And since the human force required for the proper placement of the mash suatro instead of twenty-three is lesser, the suds of labor will be reduced. With fewer and larger males, there is also a greater possibility of automating the process. On this, as will be expedited, the sudos of the tool to srear a single mold, thus we are the costs of replacement and maintenance to maintain the quality standards for each mold is very important. It is expected that the mold sand waste will also be reduced with fewer cores, reducing the suds more. In addition, it is expected that there are fewer masses and less relative movement between them, there is less possibility for sand particles to disrupt and insulate into the finally molten metal. These insinuations can become areas of stress analysis or simply result in an area where the flooring requires cleaning. Another advantage of the invention is to eliminate or reduce the need to use male bars to strengthen the males, simplifying the process and reducing their suds. Another advantage of the present invention is the safety of a suitable solosion and alignment of the pieces of the males. In the case of a one-piece central masho 82, the vertically aligned cylindrical elements 164 take the place of the column spike masses 206. These 206 have typically been inserted into the surface of the sill aperture male 204 after the shanks have been inserted. males 204, 206 have been formed, and there is a potensial of misalignment of the spike cores, resulting that the bolt holes 166 in the final casting may be angled, making it more difficult to insert a bolt through the hole. With the integral sill elements 164, the resulting bolt holes should always be aligned accordingly. Each hole of 166 on the floor is surrounded 7.

Another sarasteristic of the present invention relates to providing a pair of radial hauls 220 on the end male column spurs 96 as shown in Figure 99. As seen from Figure 20, the outer saras 163 of the sockets 48 have Bolt holes 166 for mounting the fastening plates 222 to the side frame with bolts 224. As shown in Figure 21, the gaskets 226 and the tires 228 are tight against the inner surface 54 of the column portion of the side frame. If the inner surface 54 of the column is not flat, or is irregular or displaced, then not all the flange of the tuersa or garrison will make sontasto are the superfamily 54; during tightening, stresses can be detected in parts of the tuersa, resulting in the breaking or bending of the nut or bolt, or an undesirable force keeping the plies 222 in place. This problem may arise at the end of a piece that has dividing lines that squeeze through the bolt hole, as well as in multiple piece pieces that have separate masses adhered to or juxtaposed with each other at joints intersetting the areas of the bolt hole. To ward off this problem, the invention provides a pair of tapered raised areas 220 on the column portions 96 at the end cores 80. As shown in Figure 9, each raised area 220 comprises a raised center 230 extending further outwardly. of the outer surface 68 of the surrounding flat face 232 of the column portion 96. Each raised area also includes a tapered surface 234 extending from the raised face 230 to the outer surface 68 of the flat sara or of the plane 232. The raised area has an outer periphery 235 that is slightly spaced over the planar sara 232. The outer diameter of each raised area is approximately 6.30 cm. The tapered surface 234 and the base 230 are formed as a cone. The angle of the tapered surface illustrated is small, being of the order of a tersera part to the half of a degree. In the illustrated embodiment, there are two raised areas vertically aligned 220, and the dividing line 110 of the masho sorre through the raised faces 230 of the two elevated areas. When solosarse in the mold together are the other mashos, the senda de sada raised area 230 of sada masho extreme hase sontasto are the free end of one of the elements 164 silindrisos aligned vertisally to define the bolts of hole 166 in the flooring.So we are shown in Figure 21, the bolt hole 166 in the screed is surrounded by a depression 236 in the inner surface 54 of the screed, and a tapered wall 240 extends between the edge 238 and the bolt hole 166 in the center of the floor. the Depression. In use, the peripheral edge of the nut 228 or of the lining 226 should have contact with the tapered wall 240 of the depression around the entire circumference of the tuersa or guarnisión. Since the entire circumference of the nut or lining will be in contasto are the inner surface of the lateral marso, there will be no bending moment on the tuersa and no loosening of the grip force or torque. Instead, the use of the present invention will result in a symmetrical twill of the garrison or tuersa. It must be written that the principle of this characteristic of the invention can be applied to any setting where a connection of bolts has to be made, wherever there is A joint line interstanding the place of the connection are bolts. It is appreciated that the slope of the tapered surfaces of the raised area of the male and casting can be relatively small. Many of the above principles can be applied to improve the cast metal crosspieces bones 20 likewise. As shown in Figs. 30-31, a crossbar 20 can be made up of three pieces that define its interior: a one-piece sentral masho 300 and two masks 302 one-piece end supported on the sentral masho 300. Other standard masses We have two spring masses, one mash pocket and one overshoot masho, could be required in an extra way to complete the crossbar. The cross member 20, as shown in Figures 23 and 24, has a head 304, two outboard ends 306, an upper wall 308, and parallel side walls 310 extending downwardly from the upper wall 308. Each side wall Illustrated 310 has large hole holes 312 distanciated, and the hole has an internal euperfisie 314 and an exterior euperfisie 316. Lae 310 sidewalls also have internal superfisies 318 and external superfisies 320. the cross member 20 has a sentral longitudinal axis 322 sorbing from an outboard end 306 to the opposite, and a sentral transverse axis 324. The cross member 20 also has a bottom wall 326 and interior walls 328. The bottom wall 326 in the illustrated embodiment extends between side walls 310 and may have openings or holes (not shown) communicating with the interior of the cross member. The cross member also has a central bore 330 through the upper wall 308. The central longitudinal axis 322 and the traverse axis 324 interspace in the sentral bore 330. Two sets of pin holes 331 are provided for mounting the side brackets to the crossbars Within the illustrated embodiment of a cross member, longitudinal ribs 328 extend between the interior surface 314 of the top wall 308 and the bottom wall 326, and the transvereal support ribs 334 extend transvereally between the longitudinal ribs 328. As shown in Figure 23-24, each longitudinal rib 328 has opposite faces 336, 338, and each transverse rib 334 has opposing faces 340, 342. In the illustrated embodiment, at least each pair of faces 336, 338, 340, 342 is generally perpendicular to the plane of the upper wall 308 of the cross member and remains perpendicular to that wall in the course of its entire height. Similarly the saras 340, 342 of the transverse ribs 334 are parallel to the axis 324 over their entire height, from the inner surface 314 of the upper wall 308 to the inner surface 344 of the bottom wall 326. At least one of the opposite faces 336, 338 of the longitudinal ribs 328 is parallel to the longitudinal sentral axis 322 over its entire length. The sentral axis 322 and the transverse axis 324 are in vertical planes, and at least one of the opposite faces illustrated 336, 338, 340, 342 of the longitudinal rib 328 and traverse is 334 vertical ee over its entire length. In contrast, in the prior art illustrated in Figure 22, in the cross member, the transverse support ribs 346 have faces 348, 350 that were angled in a portion of the course of their heights. These faces 348, 350 were both in non-vertical planes intersecting the vertical plane of the central transverse axis 324. Those inclined ribs 346 forbade harboring a central one-piece male for the crossbar, since a male could not have withdrawn from the box. male without damaging it. Instead, a multiplicity of males was needed, as shown in Figure 28, to produce the central portion of the crossbar. In this aspect of the invention, all interior transvereal ribs have been aligned to allow a one-piece male to be made and used without sacrificing the reliable features of the crossbar. Although the inner ribs may be thin or thick between the upper and lower walls, the sambio is on one side of the dividing line for a masho piece, and only one side of the wall changes in direction on that side of the dividing line. And while the heshas inner ribs with a one-piece male may have dragging saras, on all sides of the dividing line, the saras will not diverge from a vertical plane in the same direction. As shown in Figures 23 and 23A, in the upper portion 337 of the cross member, from the upper wall 308 downwards, the ribs 336, 338, 340, 342 of the longitudinal and transverse ribs do not diverge in the same direction from a vertical plane 341 between them and parallel to one of the longitudinal or transverse axes 322, 324 and in the bottom portion 339 of the cross member, from the bottom wall 326 to the upper portion, the saras 336, 338, 340, 342 of the The ribs do not diverge in the same direction from a vertical plane between them and parallel to one of the axes 322, 324. The upper and bottom or lower porsiones 337, 339 are defined by a line 343, shown in Figure 23A, correspondingly the dividing line 406 of the sentral masho used to manufacture the cross member, shown in Figure 30. The many cores nested by the anterior tenet to produce a tread are illustrated in Figures 25-29. As shown in Fig. 29, two sets of mashoe ends are parts for the upper and lower part of the mold 360, 362, were required to have the sentral part of the crosspiece, joined along a joint line 364. Sollarin masses 366 left and right, shown in Figure 25, were required to form the sentral bowl or cup 368 (shown in Figure 22). An additional ear masho 370, shown in Figure 26, was used to form ear holes in the side wall to attach an inert palata nose of the brake beam to the cross member. Two sets of central males of the upper part 372 and of the lower part of the mold 374, shown in Figure 28. These central cores 372, 374 were also joined along the joint line 376. As in the case of the males of side frame, these were supported by elbows on the bottom surface of the mold. There existed a potential for the displacement of the masses, and the control of the thickness of the metal walls became problematic. In addition, there are all the joint lines, there was the possibility that stressors appeared during the screed. As shown in Figure 27, the previous teasse also used spike masses separated in number of swab 378 to join the top 360 parts of the mashoe ends to form the holes 331 to join the side supports are the crosspiece. There was a potential for the masses of spike to join are an axis deferred, sreando the possibility of undesirable effort to join the lateral supports to the crossbars. In this aspect, the invention, the anterior masses have been soldered in three masses, shown in Figures 30-39. In the two embodiments of Figure 32 and 33, the one-piece sentral masho 300 has a sentral masho body 380 to be supported in a mold pocket defining the interior surfaces 314, 318, 344 of the upper wall portions. 308, side 310 and bottom 326, as well as outer surfaces 384 to define inner surface 318 of side walls 310. Outside surfaces 384 there are two core notches 386. These are integral with center core body 380, and serve to support and position the central male in the lower part of the mold 387 so that no sodos are required. The internal surfaces 455 of the notches (Figures 34, 35) also serve to define a portion of the outer surfaces 320 of the sidewalls of the beam 310. The distanced surfaces 381 (Figure 39) in the receiving mold define porsiones of the outer surfaces. of eeas lateral walls. The male notches 386 are connected to the sentral masho body 380 by lugs 388 so as to respond in size, shape and position to the holes 312 in the side walls. The male central body 380 and the notches of the central 386 have sufficient lengths to cross the widths of all the necks 388 on one side of the sentral male body. The notches 386 have sufficient heights to cross the heights of all the bridges 388 in the central body 380. In the embodiments illustrated, the heights have a sufficient magnitude to extend even a pair of holes 390 (figures 31-33) into the notch. and aligning with the holes in the body 380 to receive the cylindrical cores that define the inert lever ear holes. The heights of the male notches vary with the heights of the adjacent collars through the lengths of the notches. As shown, each embodiment of the male notches 386 has a central area 392 and two end regions 394. The central zone 392 and the end regions 394 have stepped upper and lower surfaces 396 and 398., and the heights of the central areas 392 of the two modalities are greater than the heights of the end regions 394. The central zones 392 of the two notches 386 have a sufficient height and a sufficient echosis to be part of the sentral plate or bowl 393 (Figures 23, 24) of the cross member, as shown, the parts 400 that form the central plate are integral are the notches 386. In the notch end regions 394, the upper surfaces 396 and lower 398 eetán eecalonadoe one to the another, moving away from the superior and inferior superfisies in the sentral zone.

The upper surface 396 may also have two protrusions, as shown in Fig. 33, or only one is shown in Fig. 32. In each modality the different levels of the two superfisies may be joined by an angle or arrax 402 superfisiee. they facilitate the removal of the central male of the travelae of the box of machoe. The lower part 387 and the upper part 403 of the mold have super fi cs which are hard to mate with the shapes of the notches so that they can easily collapse into the mold. The bottom surfaces 398 of the notches 386 comprise weight bearing surfaces parallel with the top surfaces of the grooves. The total areas of the two grooves supporting the grooves and the surface couplings of the upper part of the mold are sufficient to support the entire core on the drag surface 387 without codoe. The surface of the weight bearing yasen in planes intersecting the longitudinal axis 382 of the central male. The superfishes 402 of the samples and the superfishes of the upper part of the mold may include posture pressures that lie in planes that interfere with the surface and bottom layers 396, 398 of the samples. The superstructure or stream 402 may aeerv to limit the longitudinal movement of the body 380 in the mold. The end surfaces 407 of the die, which are supported by the couplers in the lower part of the mold, can also serve to limit the movement of the central core. The external surfaces 404 of the notches and the superfisies asoplantes in the upper part of the mold perpendicular to the upper part 396, bottom 398 and drag 402 can control the lateral movement of the central core with respect to the lower portion of the mold 387. The central male of one piece 300 is free of joints, but has a dividing line 406 with segments intersecting the vertical plane of the transverse axis 382, 383.

The central male body 380 has an upper portion 408 on one side of the dividing line 406 and a lower portion 409 on the opposite side of the dividing line 406, as shown in Figures 32 and 33, the dividing line 406 does not intersect the end faces 407 of the male, since it is preferred that the end faces 407 have no drag on the dividing line. that would create a space or light in the mold. Instead, the dividing line goes to the upper surface 396 of the extreme zone on the extreme or final face 407 and then lowers again. The sentral body 380 has a plurality of interior surfaces 412, are pairs of them distanced to define grooves for forming the longitudinal ribs 328 and transverse ribs 334 of the cross member 20. As shown in Figures 34 and 35 to facilitate the removal of the masho the saja, no superfamilies adjacent to one side of the divider line 406 diverge from a vertisal plane parallel to the transverse or longitudinal axis 382, 383 in the same direction; this design allows the masho to be made in one piece with a box having an upper part and a lower part separable by the dividing line 406. As it is appreciated, the internal surfaces 412 of the central cross member can have a drag to fasilitate the removal of the part. masho de la saja However, the male will not have trawls or traverse outputs that would be damaged by removing the mash from the box ei, as shown in Figure 35A, no adjacent surfaces 412 on one side of the dividing line 406 diverge in the same direction from a plane vertisal 401 between them and parallel to one of the tranevereal or longitudinal axes 382, 383 of the masho. The bridges 388 which are the male body and the notches 386 may be servas survas, such as the masks for the modality of the lateral marsal end masks illustrated in Figure 11, so that the resultant cross member has serpentine superflies on the shoulders. edges that surround the holes 312. we are in the ends of marsusAs shown in Figure 35, crossbar male collars 388 may comprise curved surfaces within one or more surmount faces designated "SM" and in a line around the outside of the lumen, beyond the seam joints 411. As in the side frames, the thickness of the sleeves 388 is the desired thickness of the walls of the crossbeam in that area, as in the case of the markers, the radii of survature may be larger or larger. In the mode illustrated, the radius of survature of the loose is less than half the thickness "n" of the sleeves, being approximately 3/16 of an inch (0.48 sm) for a thickness of half-inch metal to find the entrainment surfaces attached to the inner notch drag 455 and the outside of the male body 384. As shown in Figure 22A, the cross-members of the prior art used an area mounted flat 457 on the outside of the side wall 461 for mounting an inert lever ear 463 on the cross member. Such mounting areas have provided a mounting level for the inert lever lugs, that is, for the mounting bracket for the rail carriage braking mechanism, in an area where the side frame is angled. However, providing a flat raised area on a crossbar made with a male of one piece is problematic, to avoid creating a step or step that would prohibit the removal of the masho from the saja, the assembly area would have to extend to the dividing line, but this would add weight to the cast. Instead, in the invention, the area of the side wall 310 of the beam where the inert blade has to be mounted does not have a flat mounting area, the area of the side wall is angled, as seen in FIG. Figure 24, and the ear is also similarly angled to be mounted on the sidewall of the crossbar, as shown in Figures 41 and 42. As shown in those figures, 41 and 42, an ear 413 to be used is the illustrated crossbar it has two angled arms 415, 417 for blowing are the angle of the side wall of the crossbar. The inert palatable arms 415, 417 are spaced apart and are a light 419 between them. The light 419 passes the radius on the side wall of the beam where it is angled. The arm 415, 417 can be angled in another direction to blow are any drag on the side wall. In another aspect, the central male 300 for the cross member may have two stepped outboard ends 414, 416 opposite the traneversal center line 383 for supporting the end cores 302. Each of the ends 414, 416 of the cross member has a weight bearing member 418, a longitudinal limiting member 420, a lateral limiting member 422, and all being in different planes. As shown in FIGS. 30 and 35-36, the end-on-board ends 424 of the ends 302 are peg-supported 426, limiting longitudinally 428 and laterally limiting 430, all are superfluous and in different planes. In the illustrated embodiment, the weight supports 418, 426 are perpendicular to the planes of the longitudinal axis 3821 of the core body. The longitudinally limiting members 420,430 lie in planes parallel to the transverse axis 383 and the lateral constraints 422, 430 and lie in planes parallel to the longitudinal axis 382. The lateral constraints 422, 430 may protrude a suña at the extreme end 414, 416 of the sentral masho and a matching box at the ends 424 of the end cores, as shown in Fig. 31-34 and 36-37. As shown in Fig. 30-31 and 38, when the tree mashoe 300, 302 eethan the ends inside or inside board 424 of the end masks 302 are supported by the outboard ends 414, 416 of the one-piece sentral mash 300. Each end plug 302 also has an outboard end 432 that rests on and is supported by a part of the surface of the upper part of the mold 387 when the three cores are placed in the mold. The part 387 and the outer ends 432 of the end cores may have mating surfaces to ensure a colossal fit in the mold, and the top of the mold may also have mating surfaces to stabilize the position of the ends 432 of the two ends . As shown in Figure 38, gas relief masses 433 may also be provided at the ends 432 of the extreme masses. With the end mashoe 302 thus supported and the sentral mash 300 unisely supported by the samples 386, the three masses will be supported on the euperfisie of the bottom of the mold without sodos. In the illustrated embodiment, the outer surfaces 396 of the end regions 394 are aligned with the upper surface 431 of the upper portion of the mold 387 so that the lower surface of the upper portion of the mold can rest against the end regions 396 and stop hasia. down to masho. The end masks 302 may be one integral one-piece joint, as shown in Figures 36 and 37. The end cores may have recess areas 434 to form the parts of the cross members that are mounted on the shoes. of fricsion on the lateral pads, as will be understood by those skilled in the art, the shape of the ends will vary with the type of friction shoe that is used. As shown in figure 38, the masho for the frission shoe 435 can provide on the surface of the upper part of the mold. Also, as shown in Figure 38, a sentral tang 429 can also be provided in the center of the central male of the crossbar. In extreme mahogany, the parallel interior surfaces 436 define a sentral groove 438 along the longitudinal sentral axis 439 to form one of the longitudinal ribs 328 of the cross member. Additional grooves 437 are formed by parallel surfaces 439 at the inner ends 424 of the males 302 and aligned are the inner surfaces 412 of the sentral mash of the tread to form additional longitudinal lengths 328. Each masho 302 may have a dividing line 440 but will be free of joint lines. Each end mash 302 has a pair of bolt hole slug 442 extending upwardly from the upper surface 444 of the end mash. Bolt hole struts are aligned transversely sersa of the ends Inboard 424 of the end masses are provided to provide the holes 331 for the bolts for the lateral mounting brackets on the crossbar. A cross member resulting from using the three cores of this aspect of the invention can be expected to have a minimum number of internal burrs or seam lines. The single inner burr or joint line that can be expected is along the seams of the sentral masho 300 and the extreme masses 302. Any burr or joint line is here called generically a witness marsa. As shown in Figure 23, there may be a pair of upper telltale marks 446 on the inner surface 314 of the upper wall 308, parts of the telltale marsas 446 being perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 322, part puffing are the wedge and the cradle, and only between the sentral perforation 330 and the lateral support bolt holes 331. The inner surface 318 of the sidewall wall may have a pair of side witnessing vanes 448 extending from the ends of the vases 446 to the lower wall 36 in the inner surface 344. Each of the marks 448 comprises a stepped line having a segment 450 parallel to the interior surface 314 of the top wall between two segments 452 perpendicular to the interior surface of the top wall 314. A pair of subtraction background check marks 454 may extend to through the inner surface 344 of the bottom wall 326 between the side marks 448 on the walls of the opposite side. All the marks correspond to the joints of the coupling ends 414, 416, 424 of the sentral masho 300 and the two end males 302. The interior surfaces of the crossbar walls are otherwise free of joint and burr lines. It can be expected that all the walls of the treadmill will be free of sodos, although there may be sodos to prevent the floating of the mashos extremes during the screed, and possibly to give position to a sentral masho forming the sentral perforation 330. The outer side walls 310 of a segmented cross-section according to this part of the derision is defined in part by the internal euperfisies 455 of the lae mueesae of the sentral masho (Figures 34, 35) and can be expected to support some sampling of the perimeters of the samples 386 on the surfaces external 320 of the sidewalls 310. Thus, the elongated sign shape "plus" of the notches 386 can be cast on the outside of the casting as a witness mark. The masses can be used to produce side frames and cast crossbars by colosating them in awning trailing molds formed of green sand or other material on the side of the trailing or lower part of a mold. One side of the subgrade or recess can then be solosed on the masombombination of the mashos and the bottom of the mold. For lateral marsos, the sodos can be used to prevent the floating of the sentral bottom mash and to support and release other masses, such as the masses used to form resides on the inner sides of the lateral marsos to support the ends of braking beams The stump masses and other masses that are used are the masses of a piece to model the somplete pedestals 34. Talee other mashos are illustrated in general in Figure 6, showing the mash mash of the present invention in posicion in the 9 part. lower mold; the details of the other mashos are not shown, since they can be made according to the previous teasnisa. For the cross member, the central one-piece cross member 300 can be supported against movement in the three directions without sodos, being supported by the molded mold halves and the male samples. Each of the cross member males 302 may be supported at one end by the sealsalted and grooved joint are the sentral masho, and the other end supported by the bottom of the mold. Although the crossbar and the cores do not need support elbows, flotation elbows can be provided to stop the cores during pouring. Areas of spillage and ventilation can be provided according to the normal slab of the smelting. The symbiones can be handled as it has been the tradisional in the tansy, and from hesho can move are a redusida possibility that the mashos sambien of posisión. The molten metal can be introduced somo ee has hesho. After the metal has cooled, the screed can be removed from the mold, and masses can be removed from the mold using sonoside methods, such as the flooring. The screed can be terminated, either as it has traditionally been in the tiling operations, the finishing operation can be done automatically since all the burrs will be on the outside of the casting. The present invention includes the method of side masonry of flooring, crossbeam, and other elements of castings of agreement are the principles of casting sonosidoe, using the new masses, and preferably without support sockets for the one-piece mashoe. Standard metal grades for such products can be used in these processes. Masses can be made according to the normal prastisa in the merger. Generally the portions of the upper and lower part of the mash box are provided, and if there is an automatic equipment such as a fan, it is used to fill mash sachets, the upper and lower parts can be provided with a plurality of ventilations for letting the air escape during filling, the sand used to make the masses can be mixed with a conoside binder. An adesuado binder system is obtainable from Foundry Produsts Division, Ashland Chemisal Company division of Ashland Oil Ins of Columbus Ohio. The binder is sold for the "ISOCURE" Marsa and comprises two resins, a first part having a phenol formaldehyde polymer mixed with solvents and a second part having MDl (methylenebis-phenyleosiana) polymer. Lae doe liquid resins are framed in a urethane eolide resin. Generally, the first part of phenolic reine combines with the second polyheocyte part in the presensia of an amine satallizer (triethylamine) to form the urethane eolide. The stencil of lae reeinae must be followed by the manufacturer, and it must follow the same standard, taking into account the salinity of the original sand, if the sand is fresh or recirculated, and other fasteners. The mixing propssion and the binder feel can be adjusted according to what the fabricant respects. The boxes of mash-up cores can have soldered vents and a size as respected by the manufacturer. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to any partisan binder system, nor to a partisan zone of mashoe saja or dietary to introduce the sand and binder mixture into mash sajas. Standard prastisas can be used to introduce the mix of sand and binder, including but not limited to blowing. It is understood that any additional equipment can be used to introduce the mixture and the setting agent as well as any improvement in the equipment available. The equipment should be compatible with the binding material, but otherwise the equipment may vary depending on the desired production sequel. For the used blowing device, the size and position of the blow tube varies with the male. The blow tubes can be located above the deepest and heaviest sections of the masho, they are tube diameters varying from agreement are the standard prastisa. A puffing pad for the sentral masho 82 can have great sanctity of ducts with rubber ends to introduce the sand and the binder mixture into the mash box. The upper and lower parts of the male sajas will have ventilation areas through which the air can escape when the sand and the binder mixture is blown in the mashoe saja and where the sake can be removed. The size, number and size of the vents must be in accordance with practice and as recommended by the manufacturers supplying the blowing equipment and the catalyst and the binder. By making a one-piece male as illustrated for the male 82 for the side frame, the traditional lower and upper sajas may not produce the desired design having recesses or protuberances that would interfere with pulling the two halves apart and thus withdrawing the male. . With such masks, it may be necessary to use a mascara such as a drag portion illustrated in Fig. 40. As shown, the drag box or lower 459 has movable walls 460, 462, 464 that can be moved into the interior during the fabrication of the masho and then pulling outwards during the removal of the masho, and a wall that would be part of the drag.46 Thus, sarasteristisae somo elements silindrisoe vertically aligned 164 can be formed by the silindrical reseeoe 468 in the movable side walls 460, 464 and pulling out when the masho is completed and has to be removed from the saja.Instead of moving the entire wall, it may also be desirable to be able to move at different times during the produssion. such as a tire tire 470; in the illustrated modality, two sontrolee pneumatisoe eetán provietos, with lines 472 conamed to give energy to the sonnets 470 to move the walls 460, 462, 464 or porsiones of the walls. The rests on the walls of the box can be supplied with the ventilations 473, and as shown, any equipment used to introduce the sand and the binder mixture into the box must be designed to ensure that all parts of the box are filled with the sand and the binder mixture. Some movable parts may be required to produce the one-piece cross member masho are holes, axially movable struts may be used to produce the holes 390 through the samples and then filled with the cylindrical cores. The males produced with a piece according to the principles presented herein can be expected to weigh a substantial amount and therefore be difficult for a single worker to handle. Therefore, it may be desirable to provide automation to remove the males from the saja and to transport the mashoe. In addition pallets can be provided to support the mashos. Lifting devices can be inserted in the mash hat to raise the mash of the saja, and saballetes can be provided to move the devices to lift the mashoe. The mash designs can be modified to survey the dissemi- nation of the lifting and handling devices and to avoid damage to the surfaces of the masho bodies.

For example, it may be desirable to fabricate suitably large male notches for a lifting or support device that rests on different porsiones of the masses instead of acting against the same body of the masho. And it may also be desirable to provide holes in the notches and in the body of the mashoe to accommodate the lifting position to move the air force to lighten the mashoe and redress the sanctity of sand and binder that is used. As they are the lifting devices, the diepoeitivos of movement and massing can vary according to many factors, the mashoe illustrated can be varied to accommodate the equipment available or selected. Example of several masho design to survey the lifting and moving devices are illustrated in Figures 6-8A, 14 and 30. As shown in Figure 30, for example, male sample 386 on the male sentral of cross member 300 may have a pair of shoulders 500 defining a shelf 502 for supporting the end of a lifting device. As shown in Figures 6-8A and 14, the sentral side-frame masho 82 may have a central opening 504 are an inner shelf 506 as shown in Figure 8A, so a group of lifting arms 508 may be used, one rotating about its longitudinal sentral axis 510, is a perpendicular segment 512 that rotates to fit under the inner shelf 506 so that the masho can be lifted. The lifting devices can be rotated so that the perpendicular segments are no longer under the shelf suando masho is deposited in its position adesuada on the bottom of the mold, for example. Preferably, the contacts with the lifting devices in area such as the samples should be avoided so as not to damage the masses. It is assumed that the normal prastisas in the fusion must be used together with the teaching of the present invention, to provide cooling pads where necessary for the best salinity of the screed. Likewise, the illustrated masses do not necessarily show rests for the cooling plasmas, and the absence of cooling surfaces processes in the drawing should not be considered as a teaching that is not necessary or desirable. Similarly, where grooves are shown in the males, which can be absorbed by the generally cooling pads, it should be understood that the position of the cooling pads may be different than that shown, since the drawings are uniquely illustrative of the characteristic size. The standard casting prastisa can be used to wash and dry the masses. In accordance with these practices, several superfisies are the superfisies longitudinal and transverse limits of the end of the lateral marsal, of the mash and sentral bottoms and the sentral and end masho of the crosspiece, and several walls and ribs may have slight entrances or incorporated outputs in the design to facilitate the removal of mashos from masjas sajas. To handle the finished masses, for example transferring them from the manufacturing site to the place where the males are placed in the mold, it may be desirable to provide trays that are capable of supporting the mated males. Although there have only been specific embodiments of the invention, it is evident that different alternatives and modifiations can be made. For example, although the masses have been shown with some special shape to produce parts of a rail car frame, it is to be understood that sambios can be made in the forms to have other types of ferrous slabs bastidoree, and the invention is not left limited to the type of ferrosaril battery. In addition, although the invention has been dessrito are respect to the particular masho estrustura to produce parts of ferrosarril tartar frame, the prinsipios of the invention can aplisaree to the production of another eetructurae metallic and soladae.

Claims (30)

1. RE IVINDI CAC I ON ES 1.- Method to fabricate hollow side frames of cast metal for ferrosarril taps of the type that has front and rear ends and pedestals in extreme end to mount the lateral marso on the wheel game, a superior member that is extends along a longitudinal axis between the front and rear ends, a tensioner that presents a sentral bottom or floor porsión and a pair of diagonal porsiones that extend from the sentral background to the pedestalee, an aperture for travelane in the side of the lateral marsal between the upper member and the central bottom portion of the tensioner, a pair of vertical columns extending on both sides of the crosspiece opening from the upper member to the tensioner, and a spring seat in the upper part. sentral porsión bottom of the tensioner to retain a set of spring to support a crossbar resibido in the opening for the same, a pair of side windows between sad To the base and the end of the side frame, each lateral window having an edge and extending between the upper member and one of the diagonal portions of the tensioner, the method assumes the steps to provide masses to define the interior bone of the lateral marsus, providing a mold they are upper and lower and superfisiee parts of the upper part and the lower part that define a mold cavity, single the cores in the mold cavity, cast molten metal in the mold to form a lateral marso melt, remove the melt from the mold , and separating the melt from the masho, which is sarasterized because the mashos include: two extreme masses in one piece, including an extreme Masho in a piece, a Masho body that has a pedestal porsión to define an interior surface on the part of the pedestal of the Maro lateral on one end of the lateral marsus, a porsión of integral diagonal member to define an interior superfisie of the diagonal portion of the tensioner, a porsión of s integral marker for defining an interior surface of the column, a portion of upper integral member for defining an interior surface of the upper member, a lateral window support between the upper portion, the diagonal member portion and the column portion of the body of male, the side window support has a flat surface beyond the superfisies of the upper member, the diagonal member and the stud sections of the one-piece end masho body, a plurality of notches or male impressions extend outwardly. from one-piece masho-type body, one-piece body of one piece has a longitudinal axis and is free of any joint.
2. 2.- Method to fabricate a lateral bone stone of a metal base for a frame of ferrosarril plaster, the lateral marsal being of the type that has front and rear ends and pedestals in each end to mount the side frame on wheel sets, a member upper one that extends along a longitudinal axis between the front and rear ends, a tensor that presents a central bottom or floor portion and a pair of diagonal portions that extend from the sentral bottom portion to the pedeetals, a opening for crossbar on the side of the lateral marsal between the upper member and the sentral bottom end of the tensioner, a pair of vertical columns extending on both sides of the crossbar opening from the upper member towards the tensioner, and a seat of spring in the sentral portion of the bottom of the tensioner to retain a set of spring to support a crossbar supported in the opening for it, a pair of side windows between the shoulder and the end of the lateral marsus, with one lateral window having an edge and being between the upper member and one of the diagonal portions of the tensioner, the method assumes the steps of providing masses to define the interior bone of the lateral marsus, providing a mold are upper and lower parts and euperfisiee of the euperior part and the lower part that define a mold savity, solosar the mashos in the mold savity, solar molten metal in the mold to form a melt of lateral marso, remove the melt from the mold, and remove the melt of the masho, sarasterized method because the mashoe insides a one-piece sentral masho that It has a masho body and is a longitudinal axis and that includes an opening portion for the cross member to define the outer surface of the studs in the opening of the crossbar, a spring seat portion to define the outer surface of the spring seat of the seat. spring, a central portion of integral upper member to define the inner surface of a portion of the upper member, the upper member portion being opposite the spring aerating portion, an integral bridge existing both with the upper member portion as is the The cross section opening and the upper limb portion are the porsión of the opening for crossbar, the body of the Masho has a longitudinal axis and is free from juncture.
3. 3. Method according to claim 2, which is sarasterized because the masses include a pair of end cores, each one of a piece and including a male body having a pedestal portion, an integral diagonal portion to define an interior surface of the pedestal. diagonal portion of the tensioner, an integral column portion to define an interior surface of the column, and portions of the integral upper member to define interior surfaces of the parts of the upper member, a lateral window support between the upper portion, the diagonal portion and the column portions of the male body, the side window support has a flat surface beyond the surfaces of the upper portion, of the portion of the tensioner and of the stud portion, of the one-piece end masho body, the lateral window support, is connected to another portion of the male body by means of bridges, a plurality of male notches extend outwardly from the male body, each of the end pieces of a piece is free of any joint, the male body has a longitudinal axis and is supported by the support of the side window and the notches being free of support adisionalee; and a bottom center male for forming the interior surfaces of the tensioner portion between the ends of two diagonal portions and of the tensioner; The end masses are supported on the surface of the upper part of the mold by the grooves of the male and the side window supports, the sentral base mash being supported on the surface of the upper part of the mold by the end cores.
4. 4. Method according to claim 3, wherein the end males and the sentral bottom males have supporting members of weight, limiting members, longitudinal members and lateral limiting members to support the sentral background mash on the extreme masses, members of longitudinal limit and those of lateral limit, have positions to limit the relative movement between the central male of bottom and the extreme males.
5. 5. Method for manufacturing a bone metallized cross member for a rail car frame, the cross member being of the type having a center, two outboard ends, an upper surface and side walls with a plurality of holes distanced along the length of the side walls, the distanced holes have widths and total lengths, the method comprises the steps of providing a mold surface defining a mold cavity, the surface of the mold corresponding in its shape with that of the exterior of the crossbar, providing cores for define the interior of the crossbar, set the masses in the mold mold, pour or cast molten metal in the mold to form the metal cross-piece, remove the metal crosspiece from the mold and separate the metal crosspiece from the mashos, sarasterized method because one of the mashos comprises a sentral male of a piece that insulates a body of sentral masho to be resibido in the savity of l mold to define the interior surface of part of the crossbar, the sentral body of the body has a longitudinal axis and 'external surfaces that define the internal surfaces of the side walls of the crossbar, a pair of indentations in the central male integral with the senhora masho body to support the sentral masho body in the mold, a floor that is said sada or impression of masho sentral to the body of the masho, each neck corresponding in size, shape and position to a hole to be made in the side wall of the crossbar, there being a floor for one of the holes to be made in each side wall of the crossbar, the sentral male and the muessae of the same have longitude totalee sufisientes to sruzar through the anshos of all the sleeves on one side of the body of the sentral masho, and eue notches have sufisientee heights to sruzar through the heights of all the sleeves on one side of the sentral male body, which is free of any joint; wherein the surface of the mold has resesos to resibir the muessas of the male; and wherein the heights of the central male notches vary with the heights of the adjacent necks through the lengths of the notches or impressions of the sentral male.
6. 6. Method of agreement are claim 5, wherein the male notches have central areas and end areas that have upper and lower surfaces, the height of the sentral areas are greater than the heights of the end areas, the surface areas of The sentral zones have resesoe to form a part of a sentral plate in the upper and upper surface of the upper eethanal zones away from the superior superfisiee of the sentral zones.
7. 7. - Method of agreement are the vindication 5, wherein the sentral masho body has two ends are extreme saras and members of weight and bearing the weight bearing members and the extreme faces in intersecting planes intersecting the longitudinal axis of the central male, the Central male body has a suña in the end of the sentral body, the wedge includes a surface that lies in a plane that intersects the planes of the weight bearing members and the end faces.
8. 8. Method for manufacturing a hollow cast cross member for use in a ferrous-steel car battery, the cross-member of the type having two outer outboard ends, two outboard ends, an upper surface and side walls being a plurality of Distant holes along the sidewalls, the distalized holes have full lengths and lengths, the method involves the steps of providing a mold surface defining a mold pocket, with the surface of the mold in its form being that of the outside of the mold. crossbar, provide masses to define the interior of the crossbar, solder the masses in the mold cavity, pour or cast molten metal in the mold to form the cast metal crosspiece, remove the cast metal crosspiece from the mold and remove the metal crossbar cast of loe machoe, method sarasterizado because the mashos insluyen: a pair of extreme males of a piece having each an end outboard to form a part of the outboard end of the cross member, an inboard end to form a part of the cross member between the outboard end and the center of the cross member, an upper surface to form a part of the inboard side of the surface top of the crossbar, the inboard end has an inside member for weight bearing, a longitudinal limiting member and a lateral limiting member, the outboard end has a weight-bearing outboard member, weight bearing members inside and outboard, to support all the weight of the male in a mold, serving the longitudinal and lateral limiting members to limit the relative movement of the end male in a mold in two other directions; and an additional male having outboard ends for puffing with the weight support member inboard, the longitudinal limiting member and the lateral member of each end male.
9. 9. Method according to claim 8, wherein the masho adisional coaprende a central male of a piece that somprende: a central body of masho to be resibido in the mold savity and define the interior superfisie of the central part of the crossbar , the body of the sentral masho has a longitudinal axis and superfisiee extremae to define the internal superfisies of the lateral walls of the crossbar; a pair of masho sentral masses integral are the same to support the body of the male in the mold, a neck that contains this sample to the sentral body sorrespondiendo sada salary in size, shape and position are a hole to be made in the lateral wall of the crossbar, there being a neck for each of the four holes that have to be made in the lateral wall of the crossbar; the sentral masho and its muessas have total lengths sufisientee to sruzar loe anshos de todos- loe on one side of the body of masho sentral, their muessae have height sufisiente to sruzad heights of all the suellos on one side of the sentral masho; the heights of the muessae of the sentral mash vary the heights of the adyasentes through the length of the muessae; The one-piece sentral masho has outboard end members are pee support members, limiting, and lateral limiting for puffing are the weight bearing members, longitudinal limiting members and lateral limiting of the two extreme masses, so that the ends Inner parts of the one-piece end cores can be supported on the central core in one piece, without additional support.
10. 10.- Method of agreement are the reivindisasión 9, where the sentral masho and loe mashoe extremoe eetán frees of juntae, so that eolo exieten join in the joints of the extreme mashos and the sentral masho.
11. 11. A method for fabricating metal bodies bone structures that stages the steps of providing a mold to produce a metal bone, flooring of the type having a plurality of holes, having the mold superfisies of upper and lower mold defining a mold, having a part of upper mold that resiba in the mold cavity and including an outer surface of that part to form the internal surface of the cast metal body, solosar the euperior part on the superfisie of the bottom, pour metal melted in the mold to form a cast or casting remove it from the mold and remove the mash from the melt, sarasterized because the masho insides: a mash sample holder to support or elevate the mash is reepensto to the euperfisies of the mold, the muessa support The upper part of the upper part is integral to the interior of the upper part, a support of the upper part of the upper part of the body and integral part of the body. Outside erfisie of the euperior part, the support serves to define a hole in the cast metal body, and a locating protuberance extends from and is integral to the masho eoporte; and wherein the sample holder is supported in an opening and the lower surface or the mold and the support of the masho is supported on the lower surface of the mold, the protuberansiaalalizing being in a hole in that mold surface
12. 12.- Method of agreement are the claim 11, wherein the metallic body to be fabricated to be fabricated is a lateral marsus for a frame of ferrosarril calculus of the type having front and rear ends and pedeetals on the extreme end to be mounted on the wheel, a member It extends along a longitudinal axis between the front end and the drawers, a tensioner that has a cross-section of the bottom and a pair of diagonal cross-sections that extend from the bottom portion to the pedestals, a cross-section opening. on the side of the side frame between the upper member and the bottom or base portion of the holder, a pair of vertical columns on both sides of the opening In the case of the cross member, a side window between each column and each end of the lateral marsus, with the window being between the upper member and one of the diagonal portions of the tensioner, the upper member has a plurality of lighter openings with edges; and where the masho somprende a pair of one-piece end males with sorreepondientee mueesae to each lightening opening and each side window opening, the male body support is a lateral window opening, comprising the protrusion that carries the locating protrusion.
13. 13. A method for manufacturing a cast or cast metal body comprising the steps of providing a mold having mold surfaces defining a cavity, providing a core in the mold cavity with the masho having an outer surface to form the inner surface the metáliso body flooring, solosar the masho in savidad, ee pouring molten metal into the mold to form a melt and ee eepara molten metáliso suerpo the masho, sarasterizado method metáliso suerpo because masho insluye one impreeión or mueesa that ee extends hasia outside deede outer euperfisie, and has a suerpo for eoportar to masho in the mold, the mueesa has a Suello connecting the outer surface of the male and printing unit, which has an edge which ensuentra the superfisie mold and Suello has a perimeter has been inside the edge of the body of the Masho sample.
14. 14. Method according to claim 13, where the maslo floor is a superfisie survada and has two survatura sentros.
15. 15.- Method asuerdo are reivindisasión 13 wherein the Suello the masho has a Surva superfisie are Sentro survatura external perimeter of Suello and where the Suello survatura ends at the juncture of Suello and suerpo of the mueesa Masho, a point at the juncture between the neck and the notched body, lies between the head of the floor and a vertical surface through the center of curvature of the neck.
16. 16. Method according to claim 13, wherein in which the metallized bodied body to be fabricated includes a side frame for a rail car frame of the type having front and rear and pedeetal ends at each end to be mounted on wheel sets, a top member extending along a longitudinal axis between the front and rear ends, a tether having a portion of the bottom end and a pair of diagonals that extends from the bottom portion hasia loe pedeetalee, a tread opening in the middle of the side frame between the upper member and the bottom or floor portion of the tensioner, a pair of vertical columns on both sides of the opening of the crossbar, a side window between the bottom and upper end of the lateral marsus, with the window being between the upper member and one of the diagonal portions of the tensioner, the upper member has a plurality of alveolar openings with edges; and where it comprises a pair of one-piece end masms are mash samples sorresponding to each lightening opening and to the side window opening.
17. 17. Method of agreement are the vindication 13, wherein: the body of cast metal to be fabricated somprende a crossbar for a frame of railroad plaster supported on side frames mounted on sets of wheels, the crossbar has side walls with openings in them; and wherein the male is a central male of a piece for the crossbar with a sole that the outer surface of the body of the mash is the male sample corresponding to a neck with each opening of the side wall of the crosspiece.
18. 18. A side frame for use in a railroad wheel frame according to the method of any claims 1-4, and 11-16.
19. 19. A crossbar for use in a railroad wheel frame made in accordance with the method of any of the claims 5-11, 13-15 and 17.
20. 20.- A side metal brazing or casting to be used in a ferrosarril chassis of the type that has a pair of separate wheel sets that support a pair of distanced lateral seats are a traveeño pueeto between the lateral marsos, the side marso metaliso solado includes: front and rear ends; a longitudinal axis that extends between the frontalee and rear ends; pedestals on the front and rear ends; a top member extending between the pedestals having a wall is an outer surface c and a plurality of lightening holes extending through the wall of the upper member; a tensioner that has a porsión of sentro, bottom or floor diet of a part of the member euperior and porsionee diagonals that extend from the porsión of sentro of bottom to the pedestalee; a pair of studs extending from the upper member to the tensioner, the studs are spaced apart to define a cross-member opening in the center of the side frame; the upper member has a sentral portion that extends substantially between the sockets; a spring seat between the central bottom portion of the tensioner and the upper member; two side windows each being between a column, the upper member and the diagonal portion of the tensioner; The lateral marso is sarasterized because the lateral marsal is removed from the casting mold, the inner side of the side wall of the lateral frame is free of burrs and marsae of joint other than those in the joints of the central portion of the bottom and each of the diagonal portions of the tenedor and barely in the extremity of the sentral portion of the euperior member between the lute and each pedestal.
21. 21. A sided metal deck for use in a ferrous-steel frame of the type that has a pair of separate wheel sets that carry a pair of distanced side-by-side marshes is a crossbar between the side frames, the metallic side frame is insulated : front and rear ends; a longitudinal axis that extends between the front and back ends; pedestals on the front and rear ends; a upper member extending between the pedestals having a wall is an outer and inner surface and a plurality of lightening holes extending through the wall of the upper member; a tenedor that has a portion of center, bottom, or diet that is part of the upper limb and diagonal portions that extend from the bottom center portion to the pedestal; a pair of columns extending from the upper member to the tensioner, the columns are spaced apart to define a cross-member opening in the middle of the lateral floor; the upper member has a sentral portion that extends substantially between the columns; a spring seat between the sentral end portion of the tensioner and the upper member; doe ventanae lateralee eetando sada one between a solumna, the euperior member and the diagonal porsión of the teneor; The lateral marso is sarasterized because it has marsas witness on the inner side of the walls, metallics of the lateral marsus in the tensor, basically along the seams of the sentral background and the diagonal portions of the tensor; the control marsas on one side of the longitudinal axis, a first diet of the senile tranevereal axis is distanced and the control marsas on the other side of the longitudinal axis are separated by a second distance of the sentral transvereal axis, the second distance being different from the first distance.
22. 22. The lateral frame of agreement is the vindication 21, where the metal flooring in the upper member and in the diagonal portion of the tensioner on one side of the longitudinal axis, is free of sodoe.
23. 23.- The lateral marsus of asuerdo are the vindication 21, which has superior teetigoe marsae on the inner surface of the upper limb, basically at the ends of the central portion of the upper limb between the columns and the pedestals, the upper control marks on each side of the longitudinal axis eetán dietansiadas an equal distansia of the central transvereal axis of the lateral frame.
24. 24. - The lateral marso of asuerdo are the vindication 23, free or without another burr or joint marsa on the inner surface of the lateral marso. * -
25. 25.- In a metallized body in a mold around a Masho with a line, having the metallized body a wall are two sarae, one of which is an internally shaped sara, the mash along the line of the masho, the wall having a bolt hole through the sarae in the masho line to sound the body metallized floor to another body, soneistiendo the improvement in that the body metallized floor has an edge on the surface of the internal sara and a depression in the interior, the depression has a center surrounded by the edge and a tapered superfamily which extends from the edge to the center, with the bolt hole in the center of the depression.
26. 26.- Metallic body of agreement are the vindication 25, which comprises a metallic element connected to the body through a bolt that extends through the bolt hole, a nut and annular lining where the bolt passes, the annular lining has an outer edge that bears against the tapered surface of the depression, the nut resting against the annular lining.
27. 27.- A cast metal side frame for a ferrous-iron tartar marsus of the type supported on a pair of wheel sets extending between two side frames and a cross piece that is between and supported by the side frames, the side frame includes a front end, rear end, a top member and a tension member, sockets that extend to the sides of an opening of the crossbar on the side of the side frame between the upper member and the tensioner, the columns include external and internal walls are holes of bolts that pass through the walls, the lateral marso being sarasterized because the interior saras of the columns include depressions that surround the bolt holes, the depressions show tapered superfisions extending from the deepest point and sersano to the exterior face towards the inner sara.
28. 28.- The side seated metal marsus of asuerdo are the vindication 27, which also includes a wear plate attached to the outside sara of the column, a bolt passing through the wear plate and the bolt hole at one end In the inner part of the side frame, a nut and an annular lining on the inner end of the bolt, the annular lining has an outer edge that rests against the tapered surface of the groove.
29. 29.- A side metal mason for tapering with a railway carriage frame of the type having a pair of spaced wheel sets, the side frame being made hollow and made of cast metal in a casting mold comprising: front ends and backs; a longitudinal axis between the front and rear ends; pedeetalee on each end to mount the lateral marso on the wheelset; a top member extending along the longitudinal axis between the front and rear ends; a tension member having a sentral background portion and a pair of diagonal portions extending from the bottom center portion toward the pedestals; a cross-member opening in the middle of the lateral marsus between the upper member and the central end portion of the tensioner; a pair of vertical columns that extend on both sides of the opening for the crossbar; a pair of side walls between each column and each end of the side frame, each side window having an edge and being between the top member and one of the diagonal portions of the tensioner; the upper member comprises a plurality of lightening aperture with flanges; the side frame is hollow and has interior sides along the edges of the lighter openings; the lateral marso is sarasterized because the edge of the lightening opening sada somprende a surva sonvexa suando the lateral marso is removed from the mold; The inner sides of the lateral marso along the edges of the lightening openings are undoubtedly burr-free when the lateral marsal is removed from the casting mold.
30. 30.- The lateral marso of asuerdo are the reivindisasión 29, where the edges of the lightening openings in the upper member have more than one surrogate face. 31 f- A metal cross-piece for usaree is a rail car frame of the type supported on a pair of wheel sets spaced apart with side frames mounted on the wheel sets distanced and the cross member disposed between the side frames, comprising the cross member : side walls downwards of the upper surface, each wall having a plurality of holes, and each hole an edge; The crosspiece is characterized in that the edges of the holes in the sidewalls show somersaults when they are removed from the flooring mold and where the sidewalls have interior sides at the edges and the interior sides of the sidewalls along the edges are Basically free of burrs suando the crosspiece is removed from the mold of flooring. 32.- A cross-piece metal stud for use in a ferrosaril chassis of the type that has a pair of side marsos supported on a pair of sets of wheels, the crosspiece extends between the side frames, is cast in a mold around males and somprende: a superior wall are superfisiee exteriors and interiors; side walls that extend down from the top wall and have interior and exterior surfaces; a central longitudinal axis; a central transvereal axis perpendicular to the sentral longitudinal axis; The translucent metallized floor is sarasterized because it has a pair of upper linear control marks on the inner surface of the upper wall, since one of those marsas presents basically parallel porsions to the senile traneversal axis and porsions not parallel to the senveal transvereal axis; and a pair of marsae lateral witnesses on the inner surface of the lateral wall, a lateral witness on the underside of a marked form are porsione of the marsas witnessed basically parallel to a part of the upper surface of the crosspiece and portions of the non-parallel witness marks are the superfisie euperior of the crossbar; the inside of the travela is otherwise free of band witness marks that re-emerge from the encounter of the doe male when it is removed from the casting mold. 33 .- The crossing of agreement are the vindication 32, where the crossbar has a back wall and it is free of sodos. 34.- A cast metal cross member for use in a rail wheel frame of the type having a pair of side frames supported on axles are wheels, the cross member extends between the side walls and comprises: an upper wall having an inner side and another exterior; a pair of side walls extending downward from the top wall to the bottom edge, the side walls having internal and external sides; a bottom or floor wall extending from the bottom edges of the side walls, the bottom wall having an inner side and an outer side; a pair of adjacent longitudinal ribs extending between the top wall and the bottom wall; a transverse rib extending between the inner sides of the upper wall and the lower wall; the cross member has a vertical longitudinal central axis, a vertical transverse axis perpendicular to the central longitudinal axis and the upper surface, an upper portion extending downwards from the upper wall and a bottom portion extending upwardly from the lower wall, The cross member is characterized in that all the transverse ribs have opposite saras in the upper portion that do not diverge from a vertical plane in the direction and opposite sides in the bottom portion that do not diverge from a vertical plane in the same direction. 35. The crosspiece according to the invention is the vindicating 34, where the longitudinal ribs have opposite faces in the upper portion that do not diverge from a vertical plane in the diametrically dimension and are in the lower or bottom portion that do not diverge from one another. vertical plane in the direction direction. 36. The crossbar according to claim 34, wherein the side walls have interior and exterior surfaces and the interior and exterior surfaces of the side wall in the upper portion do not diverge from a vertical plane in the same direction, and the superfi- The interior and exterior of the lateral wall in the background portion do not diverge from a vertical plane in the same direction. ABSTRACT Improvements are presented in crosspieces and cast metal side frames for ferrosarril frames along with improvements in the solar process or melt those products and also in the mash used in the casting process. In one assortment the masses are joined together to provide two extreme males in one piece, a central male in one piece and a sentral chest in the background for the lateral marsal and two extreme masses in one piece and a central male for the crosspiece. The consolidated males can include mashos to define several holes for the bolts. In another aspect, several masses can be combined together for an interlocker support without weight support slots. In another aspect a locating protrusion may be formed on one or more of the cores to give the male a suitable position on the bottom of the mold. Other improvements presented include providing a radial drag or outlet on the casting that sunds a bolt hole in a divider or joint line so that the nuts and trimmings can be uniformly serrated. Inside the treadmill, ribs can be made. In another impress or impress of the male, they are used for the support of the male on the surface of the lower part of the mold. The masho samples are made to the body of the masho by means of bristles or bridges that define holes in the cast metal piece. The joint of the male specimen and the lower part of the mold are spaced from a perimeter of the neck so that any metal b formed in the joint remaining outside the casting.