MXPA98000100A - Pneumatic that has a reinforced silice rubber surface surface with rubber tape conduct - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a rubber rim having a rolling surface composed of (i) a rolling surface designed to contact the floor and composed of a rubber composition of relatively high electrical resistance, (ii) peripheral, lateral extensions of the running surfaces as to those composed of a rubber composition of relatively low electrical resistance, (iii) a thin belt, which can sometimes refer as a tread surface or rubber belt, of a rubber composition of Relatively low electrical resistance placed on a portion of the face of the tread surface and extending at the interface between the tread surface and the wings of the taxi surface

Description

PNEUMATIC THAT HAS A REINFORCED SILICA RUBBER SURFACE SURFACE WITH CONDUCTIVE RUBBER TAPE Countryside In general, the invention relates to a rubber tire having a rolling surface composed of (i) a tread surface designed to contact the floor and composed of a relatively high strength electrical resistance rubber composition, (ii) the extensions peripheral, lateral surfaces of the running surface as wings composed of a rubber composition of relatively low electrical resistance. In this way, the contact portion with the floor of the running surface is of a "composition and electrical characteristics different from those of the treated wings.

In one aspect, the invention relates to the rubber tire having a reinforced carbon black tire frame wherein the running surface is quantitatively reinforced with silica, with a minimum of any carbon black and the wings contain at least 30 phr of carbon black reinforcement.

Background Tire rubber tires are conventionally prepared with a rubber tread surface which may be a mixture of several rubbers that are typically curable sulfur or cured sulfur as may be the case with diene-based elastomers. The tire rubber, including its tread portion, is typically reinforced with a carbon black reinforcement filler and sometimes with silica. " For the background of this invention, it is recognized that the rubber tread surface rims are prepared very often from a layer / base construction in which the outer portion of the tread surface is the layer * and the underlying part. of the rolling surface between the surface layer of the tread and the tire frame supporting the rim is its base. The portion of the tread surface layer is usually designed to make contact with the floor and thus has associated properties, and the base portion of the tread usually underlies the roof frame. of the rim and is usually designed to support the layer, therefore not to make contact with the floor.

These layer / base constructions are well known to those skilled in the art.

Also, for the background of the invention, it is recognized that the tread surface of the layer / base construction can be provided, in which the layer of the tread surface is reinforced substantially with silica, with a minimum amount of white of carbon and the base of the underlying running surface is substantially reinforced carbon black.

Furthermore, for the background of this invention, it is recognized that the tread surface of the rim or sometimes the base of the tread surface in the case of the layer / base construction may have on both sides of the tread surface. rolling a lateral wing in which a portion of the rolling surface or the base of the rolling surface, as the case may be, extends outwards and over a portion of the outer surface of the side wall of the tire. the running surface of the frame of the tire cover.

For purposes of this invention as explained above, the part that contacts the floor of the tread surface has a composition and electrical characteristic different from that of the wings of the tread surface.

In consideration of the background of this invention, a rim can be seen as composed of a circumferential running surface and supporting the frame of the tire for the same.The frame of the tire is seen as composed of conventional elements. which includes relatively not limited to the side walls of carbon black reinforced rubber (although a portion of an outer surface of the side walls can be colored by an appropriate pigment, such as for example the white titanium dioxide and thus not contain the carbon black), heel, apex, inner line and frame layers of the support cover, including reinforced fabric layers. A rim region of a rim is considered a portion of the rim where its side walls meet its running surface. The shoulder region is not normally a sharp line of demarcation and its actual position can vary in some way from rim to rim. The heel portion of the shell frame is typically composed of a relatively inextensible bundle of wires that are embedded in a carbon black reinforced rubber and is designed to make contact with a metal periphery (wheel) on which the rim itself it is assembled to form a periphery / rim assembly which itself is conventionally adapted to be mounted on a vehicle, particularly the rim of a vehicle. This periphery is typically made of steel or aluminum, or alloy thereof and is therefore electrically conductive, and the metal is considered to have a very low resistance to the flow of electricity. The term "metal" which is used herein for the periphery (wheel) of metal, is intended to mean electrically conductive metals such as, for example, the aforementioned peripheries or steel and aluminum wheels, as understood by the experts in the art.

By the term "reinforced carbon black", it is meant that the rubber rubber components of the tire cover frame which are 4 carbon black reinforced, contain a quantitative amount of a carbon black reinforcement , usually at least 25 phr, usually at least phr and as a minimum amount, if any, of silica and a weight ratio of carbon black to silica is at least 5/1.

It is known that in some rim constructions, carbon black reinforced rubber components, such as, for example, components that are sometimes referred to as grinders or screens may be placed in the bead area or the region of the construction of the rim. rim to assist the padding of the bead component against the wheel or metal periphery. In the context of this disclosure, it is intended to include a reference of the aforementioned bead component of the shell frame to include other associated rubber components, unless otherwise indicated, and with this they are part of the shell framework of the rim.

In practice, as is well known to those skilled in the art, the rim, which is sometimes referred to as a tire rim, is mounted on the metal periphery and is given air pressure in the cavity that it develops through the metal periphery and the frame of the tire rim cover. * The construction elements hitherto mentioned, or components of a tire rim and frame of the rim cover, as well as a rim / periphery assembly, are also well known to those who are familiar with the rim technique.

It is important to appreciate that a rubber that is not composed by itself is generally considered as an electrical insulator substantially or in other words, rather a poor conductor of electricity.

A carbon black reinforced rubber vehicle tire, in that it still provides a degree of resistance to the flow of electricity, has considerably higher electrical conductivity or less resistance to the flow of electricity than rubber without the carbon black reinforcement. .

In the present it is conventionally considered that a continuous path of relatively low resistance of electricity originates between a metal periphery of electrical conduction of a rim / wheel assembly (rim / periphery) towards the running surface of the outer rim, and from there to the floor through the carbon black reinforced rubber of the rim, including the component of the tread surface that makes contact with the floor, for this rim / periphery assembly mounted on a vehicle that is intended to travel on the floor .

Thus, it is considered herein that the potential electrical energy that can be potentially created by components of or within motion vehicles such as the rotation wheels and associated rim / periphery assemblies as they travel on the floor, dissipate. conventionally from the periphery assembly of a rim / periphery on the vehicle to the floor through the reinforced carbon black rubber path of the cover frame and the running surface, or of the surface rolling layer of a rolling surface of a one-layer / base construction, whose running surface or tread surface layer, as the case may be, is usually the outer rubber surface of the rim that is supposed to contact the floor.

Thus, in one aspect, it is contemplated herein that the carbon black reinforced rubber of the rim cover frame and the associated tread normally provides a sufficient low resistance path of electricity to dissipate. the potential electrical energy and by means of this, retard or eliminate the static electric charge of the formation and / or accumulation under dynamic conditions of a rotating tire on a vehicle traveling through the floor.

Alternatively, in practice carbon black reinforced rubber tires can sometimes be prepared, which has an outer rubber tread surface designed to make contact with the floor, which is quantitatively reinforced with silicon, and thus contains only minimum quantities of for example, 15 phr or less of carbon black.

The actual silica reinforced running surface containing a minimum amount of carbon black only, if it has one, can have a substantially high resistance in electricity of at least ten thousand, and very often at least twenty thousand megahomies and thus this rolling surface creates a degree of electrical insulation effect between the frame of the roof and the floor. This tire construction has a substantially lower tendency to dissipate static electricity from the rim to the floor, and particularly from the metal periphery of a lever / periphery assembly towards the outer surface of the tread surface of the rim and from there to the floor, which can be generated by a dynamic condition of the rotation of the rim on a moving vehicle. Accordingly, a potential for static electricity formation, or an increase, is considered to be higher for a rim construction with a silica-reinforced tread than for a similar rim with a tread surface reinforced with carbon black .

Therefore, it is desirable to provide a suitable path of relatively low strength in electricity between the bead portion of the rim and the outer surface of the tread surface so that this type of rim has a tread surface of quantitatively reinforced rubber. silica and minimal, if any, carbon black reinforcement.

For a conventionally configured rim tread surface with a combination of cleats and grooves, it is desirable that the grooves be connected directly or indirectly with the wings of the reinforced tread surface of carbon black or rubber shoulder of the rim, the area of the rim where the side wall and the running surface meet, in order to completely connect the carbon black reinforced outer layer with the carbon black reinforced rubber portion of the rim.

In practice, it is desirable that the tape layer (s) of the outer rubber tread surface extend over at least a portion of the interface and sometimes preferably along the entire length of the interface, between the tread surface and at least one of the wings (i) that contains a quantitative amount of carbon black and that is of a relatively low resistance of electricity to assist in the dissipation of electrical energy under the aforementioned conditions; (ii) it is co-extruded through a single nozzle and then co-vulcanized with the tread surface of the rubber rim and the associated wings so that it is integral with the tread surface and the groove walls of a rim rolling surface configuration composed of studs and grooves; (iii) be relatively thin, such that it does not appreciably affect the properties of the tread surface of the running surface, and (iv) be thick enough so that a cross-section of the layer on the walls of the tread is a plug on a tread surface of a plug and groove configuration may have adequately low floor resistance in electricity so that it is not necessary to limit the selection of carbon black to carbon blacks with exceptionally low resistance in electricity . It is indeed expected that the rubber composition of the outer layer will remain outside the outer surface of the tread surface of the studs of the tread surface of the rim during the use of the rim, so that the cross section or the The thickness of the outer layer on the walls of the block depends on their having a relatively low resistance path in electricity from the running surface to the floor.

As used herein, the terms "quantitatively reinforced with silica", "rubber reinforced quantitatively with silica" and the like are generally used together with a tire tread surface that is supposed to make contact with the floor , which will possibly be a tread surface layer in a tread surface layer / base construction, which contains approximately 30 to approximately 100, sometimes it is preferable to approximately 30 to approximately 90 phra, silica, and what may also optionally contain carbon black wherein the carbon black is present in no more than about 20 phr. It is often preferred that the ratio of silica to sarcoon black be at least 2/1 and sometimes at least 10/1.

The term "phr" as used herein, and in accordance with conventional practice, refers to "parts of a respective material per 100 parts by weight of rubber". In the description herein, the term "vulcanized" or "vulcanizable" may occasionally be used interchangeably with the terms "cured" and "curable". Compendium and Practice of the Invention In accordance with this invention, there is provided a tire rim having a circumferential rubber tread surface of a plug and groove configuration supported by a carbon black reinforced rubber tire frame having two individual side walls wherein each side wall is connected to one of the two separate bead portions spaced apart, wherein the running surface is composed of (i) a tread surface layer designed to make con trast with the floor; (ii) two individual rolling surface wings, each running surface wing of a lateral extension of a peripheral edge of the running surface and (iv) two thin, outer circumferential running surface belts; One of the individual running surface syntaxes is drawn apart from a portion of the face of the adjacent running surface of each of the running surface wings to include at least a portion of at least one running surface groove. adjacent to at least one block of the running surface; wherein each of the ribbons of the running surface extends and includes at least a portion of the interface between the running surface and the wings of the running surface; all without overlapping an outer surface of the running surface wings and without extending the bead portions; wherein each of the wings of the running surface contacts and extends individually on a portion of the outer surface of the sidewall of the frame of the tire cover; wherein the sap of the tread surface is a rubber composition containing approximately 30 to about 100 phr of presylated and proportionally syllable, up to about 20 phr of sarbono black; and wherein the sintas of the tread surface, the wings of the tread surface and the base of the tread surface are causal compositions containing approximately 25 to about 100 phr of sarbono black.

In one contemplated aspect of the invention, the surface layer of the tread contains about 30 to about 100, alternately about 40 to about 90 phr of precipitated silica and proportionally, to about 20 phr of carbon black where the tape of the thin running surface contains about 25 to about 100 phr of black sarbono having a BET value in a range of about 30 to about m2g.

In one aspect it is sometimes preferable that the tread surface of the rim has a weight ratio of silica of carbon black, if carbon black is used, of at least about 1/1, followed by at least 2/1. and alternatively at least 10/1.

This rim is vulsified, whereby the thin tread strip is co-vulcanized and integrated with the tread surface and the wings, and wherein the tread surface has a plug and groove configuration.

In one aspect of the invention, the rim is provided where the syntax of the thin running surface is integral and circumferentially covers the outer peripheral surface of each of the outer rolling surfaces designed to counter-track are the floor and covers less than total of the outer surface of the tread surface. For example, this thin tread of the tread surface can cover at least 10 or 20% and less than 80% of the outer surface of the tread surface.

As an alternative embodiment of this invention, the tread surface of the rim is composed of the surface layer of the tread, the wings of the tread surface and the tapes of the tread surface. In practice, the rolling surface layer, the rolling surface wings and the rolling surface tape can be formed as a single component by a simultaneous tri-extrusion of the individual compositions of cause through the same individual nozzle at a temperature that ranges from approximately 80 ° C to approximately 150 ° C.

In another embodiment of the invention, the surface of the tread of the rim is composed of the surface layer of the tread, the wings of the tread surface, the base of the tread surface and the tread straps. rolling surface, where the tapes of the rolling surface and the wings of the rolling surface are a unitary and simple composition of the cause. In the prism, the surface layer of the tread, the wings of the tread surface, the base of the tread surface and the tread of the tread surface can be formed as an individual component, where the wings of The surface of the tread and the base of the tread surface is a unitary, simple rubber suspension, by simultaneous tri-extrusion of individual rubber compositions through the same simple nozzle at a temperature that is in a range from about 80 ° C to about 150 ° C In a further embodiment of the invention, the rim is composed of the tread surface layer, tread surface wings, tread surface tread and tread surface treads, wherein the tread surface tapes the tread surface. and the base of the rolling surface are a unitary and simple causal composition. In the prástica, the layer of the surface of the rolling, the wings of surface of the rolling, the base of the surface of the rolling and the syntax of the surface of the race are formed of a single somponent, where the synths of the rolling surface and the base of the rolling surface are of a unitary and simple composition, by means of a simultaneous tri-extrusion of individual rubber compositions through the same and only nozzle at a temperature that is in the range approximately from 80 ° C to approximately 150 ° C.

In the case of plastics, the laminations of the co-extrusions or tri-extrusions running surface are conducted at a temperature ranging from about 80 ° C to about 150 ° C, more preferably from about 100 ° C to about 140 ° C.

The thin tapes of the outer running surface are considered to be integrated with the running surface in the sense that they are prepared by co-extrusion through a single nozzle and later co-vulcanized with the surface components. of the rolling. In this way the thin tread surface tapes are not simply a sheet formed by coating a relatively cold running surface with a solvent-based rubber composition by applying a relatively cold pre-cast molded tape. -extrusion or pre-injection to a relatively cold rim rolling surface, particularly at temperatures of less than about 50 ° C and co-vulcanizing the assembly.

Having the aforementioned thin outer surface tread belt formed by coextrusion through the same simple nozzle with the surface layer of the tread and the base thereof in the construction of the base / layer of the tire. In the present case, it is considered of considerable advantage to simply apply a solvent-based rubber layer, or to apply individual pre-injection molded surface bearing elements on the surface layer of the tread, because (i) the adhesion of the components of the sheet are considered in the present to be better since they were created to form an extruded laminate in its hot, vulcanized state, (ii) it is considered that a better co-vulsating takes place in the present. , and (iii) a possibility of contamination of the exposed surface is reduced or limited.

The terms such as "co-extrusion", "tri-extruded" mean that the rubber components are extruded through the same individual nozzle and not simply extruded separately, and then bonded together.

Desirably, the rim of the claim is characterized in that the tread surface layer has an electrical resistance greater than 20,000 megahums and the rim with the thin circumferential ribbons of the running surface has an electrical resistance of less than 100 megahoms of the tires. ribbons of the running surface on the face of the running surface layer towards the rim bead portions, in accordance with the Test GT-L test, and wherein the ribbons of the running surface have a thickness within an approximate range of 0.005 to approximately 0.08 cm.

This rim is vulcanized so that the tapes of the running surface are co-vulcanized and with this are integrated with the surface layer of the tread and also with the wings of the rolling surface.

In practice, an electrical path of less than about 100 megahms is provided in accordance with the Test GTL test, for the rim with a tread surface layer having an electrical resistance greater than 20,000 megahomes, from the surface tape. of rolling on the face of the running surface of the rim and within the interface between the rolling surface and the wings of the rolling surface, from there through the wings of the running surface to the side walls of the rim, from there through the side walls of the tread surface to the heel portions of the tread surface.

The components of the reference running surface, mainly the surface, the surface layer of the tread, the base and the wings of the running surface, sometimes referred to as the mini wings, are components of the well-known running surface. for the experts in the technique. For slarifisation, reference is made to the accompanying drawings.

In one aspect of the invention, it is desirable that the carbon black, particularly the thin layer of the outer running surface, be electrically conductive in a manner suitable for practical purposes, primarily for the sausho compositions which are the black of the sarbono to have an adequate electrical resistance to the adequately dissipating eléstrica energy as it was generated. It is considered that in the present, the electric resistance of the rim should not be too much and only with a maximum of approximately 100 megahomes as measured with the Test GT-L test that will be described later in Example I.

Suitable carbon blacks contemplated for use in this invention are carbon blacks that have a sufficient surface area demonstrated by BET in a range of about 30 to about 1000 m2 / g. It is recognized that the majority of carbon blacks that are typically used for reinforcement purposes of the rolling surfaces of the rim have BET values that fall within this range. The determination of surface area methods and values for carbon blacks are well known to those skilled in the art.

In a further conformance with this invention, there is provided a rim composed of shell frame components which comprises reinforced elastomers of vulcanized carbon black of sulfur together with an outer circumferrenial silica reinforced with rolling surface having running surface sintas. extruded so-vulcanized in it. * The resulting rim assembly is modeled and the sulfur cured in a suitable mold to form a vulsanized rim with a tread and groove tread surface.

A number of vulcanizable sulfur elastomers and combinations thereof can be used in the construction of various elements of the rim and are not limited thereto.

The elastomers contemplated are the homopolymers and copolymers of conjugated diene hydrocarbons and copolymers of conjugated dienes and aromatic vinyl compounds such as, for example, styrene and alphamethylstyrene. Representatives of several dienes are, for example, isoprene and butadene.

Representative of various elastomers are for example, cis 1, -poliesporene (natural and synthetic), cis 1/4-polybutadene, styrene / butadene copolymer, both prepared emulsion copolymers and organic solution polymerization, isoprene / butadene copolymers, 3, 4-polyisoprene, medium vinyl polybutane containing from about 30 to about 70 percent vinyl content and styrene / isoprene / butadene terpolymers.

The rim is then constructed by forming a co-extruded running surface in a tire casing frame of cause. This construction and training process are well known to those skilled in the art.

The rim assembly is vulcanized in an adessed mold under high temperature conditions, for example, in a range of about 140 ° C to about 180 ° C.

The thin ribbons of outer surface reinforced carbon black, co-vulsanizadas provide a relatively low tray of resistances eléstrisa from the sara of the rolling surface of the rim at the interface between the surface of the tread and the aforementioned wings , as compared to the tire tread reinforced with silica and thus a path for the dissipation of static electricity between the floor and the heel portion of the tire, and with this the metal periphery of a vehicle wheel on The sual can be mounted on the rim.

After the running surface of the rim in service can be used so that the tape of the rubber tread on the face of the studs of the tread surface of the rim has worn out, the trajectories for dissipation Electricity electricity is maintained by the porsión of the surface ribbons of the raceway on the walls of the grooves (or studs) of the surface sap of the raceway.

The accompanying drawings are provided to better understand the invention, although the invention is not intended to be limited by the presentation of the drawings. In the drawings: Figures 1 to 3 are sectional cross-sectional views of unvulcanized, extruded running surfaces of various configurations.

Figure 4 depicts a transverse sectional perspective view of a portion of a non-vulsified tire.

Figure 5 is a cross sectional view of a portion of a rim molded and vulcanized in its tread surface region in which the configuration of the lug and the groove giving rise to the tread surface is described.

Figure 6 is a sectional cross-sectional perspective view of a portion of the vulcanized and molded rim showing the configuration of the grooves and the studs of the running surface.

Figure 7 is similar to Figure 6, an exsept that disengages an outer portion of the studs from the tread surface of the tire that wears, or otherwise scrapes by polishing.

Referring to the drawings in Figure 3 a cross-section of a co-extrusion (a product of simultaneous co-extrusion of three individual rubber compositions through the same nozzle) of a tread pattern construction 1 of unvulcanized rubber it is shown with components that will be made after the formation of the rim during molding and vulcanization of the rim in a suitable mold, (i) the tread surface, or tread surface layer 8, of a reinforced causal composition of sylise usually with the intention of making contact with the floor, (ii) wings of the running surface 10 of a carbon black reinforced rubber composition in combination with (iii) a thin belt 9 of surface - rolling a composition of sausho reinforced with embedded sarbono black are a portion of the sara of the surface of the tread so that the thin syntax becomes a part of the surface of the surface. roller, wherein the thin belt 9 extends and is included at the interface between the rolling surface or the rolling surface layer 8 and the wings 10 of the rolling surface and further, a surface base 7 The tread is provided as a component of the tread surface of the rim that is laminated to support the tread surface layer and is not co-extruded with the tread surface layer 8, the wings 10 of the tread surface. and the ribbon 9.

In Figure 2 a cross-section of a tri-extrusion (a product of simultaneous co-extrusion of three rubber compositions through the same nozzle) of a rubber tread construction 1 having components that will be converted is shown. after the formation of the rim and during the molding and vulcanization of rim in a suitable mold in (i) a surface layer 8 of a silica reinforced rubber composition which is normally intended to make contact with the floor, (ii) wings 10 of the tread surface which are an integral part of the base 7 of the tread surface of a carbon black reinforced causal composition, in combination are (iii) two thin syntaxes 9 of the surface of the tire. the rolling of a rubber composition reinforced with carbon black embedded within a portion of the layer of a running surface such that the thin belt becomes a part of the layer of the tread surface, wherein the thin straps 9 extend and are included in the interface between the tread surface layer 8 and the wings 10 of the tread surface. Here the rolling surface wings 10 and the rolling surface base 7 are a unitary construction and a rubber composition.

Figure 3 is a cross section of a tri-extrusion (a product of simultaneous co-extrusion of three components of rim rolling surface through the same nozzle) of a vulcanized rubber tread surface extrusion is shown with components which will be converted after the formation of the rim and during the molding and vulcanization of the rim in a suitable mold in (i) a surface layer 8 of a silica reinforced rubber composition that is normally intended to make contact with the floor, (ii) wings 10 of running surface, base 7 of rolling surface of a carbon black reinforced rubber composition, (ii) a base 7 of running surface underlying the surface layer 8 rolling and composed of a sausho somposision reinforced with sarbono black, in combination with (iv) thin 9-ribbons of rolling surface of a reinforced rubber black rubber somposision embedded in a portion of the surface face of the tread so that the thin strands become a part of the face of the tread surface, where the thin strands 9 extend and are included in the interface between the sap 8 of the running surface and the wings 10 of the running surface; and further extends to the base 7 of the rolling surface. Here the base 7 of the rolling surface and the belts 9 of the rolling surface are of a unitary construction and a rubber composition.

As indicated, various components of the construssion of the tread surface should be extruded together in a multiple extruder therethrough or from an individual nozzle to form the struts of the tread surface. These extrusion processes are well known to those skilled in the art.

It is important to appreciate that the tapes 9 are very thin, as for example about 0.05 cm or less in thickness. This in one aspect is to arrange the tapes that are embedded in the face or the outer surface to be brought into contact with the floor, of the layer of the running surface in such a way that the face of the layer of the The rolling surface has a smooth continuous curve without the ribbons having protruding portions on the upper face of the surface layer of the tread.

Additionally, Figures 1-3 show a preferred aspect of the invention in which the sintas 9 extend only in a portion of the outer periphery of the surface of the tread surface in the region where the tread surface it joins the wings 10 of the tread surface through the belt 9, it is mainly less than 30 percent towards approximately the face of the tread surface, so that a larger portion of the face of the surface of the tread remains exposed to make contasto with the floor.

Figure 3 shows a part of a construction of a green tire with bead portions 13, side walls 12 of the rim, frame of the bearing cover 12 together with a rim rolling surface having the surface layer 8 of rolling, wings 10 of rolling surface and base 7 of running surface together are the thin sintas 9 embedded in the porsión of the periphery of the layer of the surface of the rolling and extending and including the interface between the layer 8 of the surface of rolling and wings 10 of the running surface.

Figure 5 shows a part of a cross section of the running surfaces of the rim after being molded and vulcanized to form the studs 14 of the running surface and the grooves 15 of the running surface.

Figure 6 shows the same rim of Figure 5 in a cross sectional perspective view and generally representing the rim shown in Figure 4 and being molded and vulcanized to form the studs 14 and grooves 15. In this Figure 6, at least one slot 15A is referred to as "connection groove" which is located laterally to conestar the wings of the rolling surface of the rim.

Figure 7 shows the same rim of Figure ß, except that the face of the tire surface layer of the rim has been abraded or scraped, including the belts 9 which were an integral part of the peripheral portion of the area. of the surface layer of the tread. Here, the remaining part of the tapes 9 which have the purpose of haser sontasto are the floor is the transverse slanting of the sintas in the walls of the slots 15, including the walls of the connection slot 15A.

Thus, an electrical path extending from a portion of the face layer of the silica reinforced running surface that is intended to make sontaste is the floor through the walls is provided by means of the present. syntheses 9 reinforced with sarbono black which are integrated with the interface of the layer 8 of the tread surface and the wings 10 of the reinforced tread surface of black sarbon located on a part of the lateral walls 12 of the rim reinforced with carbon black and thus towards the side walls 12 and finally towards the heel portions 13 of the carbon black reinforced rim from which the side walls 12 extend.

A second trajectory would be that the rubber band touches the base or the belt and above the shell of the cover contact the heel / excoriator which then contacts the periphery or wheel.

As the rim that has been mounted and inflated on a suitable wheel of rigid metal of electrical conduction and this in turn mounted on a wheel of a vehicle, rolls through the floor, an electric dissipation path originates between the wheel or periphery towards the face of the rolling surface and with this to the floor, by means of the sintas 9 of the rolling surface previously mentioned since they are integral are at least one of the reinforced rubber components of black of the rim of the rim.

As the thin webs 9 of the rolling surface on the outer surfaces contacting the floor of the studs 14 of the tread surface wear out, it presents a part of the underlying layer 8 of the tread surface , an electrical path between the floor and the rim sill can be maintained by the thin strips 9 of the rolling surface on the walls of the slabs 14 of the surface raceway (or the walls of the studs 15). which make contact with the floor, and also through the walls of the path 15A of the connection groove extending towards the wings 10 of the rolling surface and with this a cross section of the interface between the layer 8 of the rolling surface and the wings 10 of the rolling surface.

In practice, the silicon pigments that are commonly used (silica) are reinforced from the causal composition of the surface layer of the tread are preferensia presipitated silisium pigments and are referred to herein as silica.

Preferred sylphs used in this invention are precipitated silicas, such as, for example, those obtained by acidification of a soluble silicate, for example, sodium silicate.

The siliceous pigments (sylves) should, for example, have a final particle size in a range of 50 to 10,000 angstroms, preferably between 50 and 400 angstroms. The BET surface area of the pigment, a measurement using nitrogen gas, is preferably in the range of about 50 to about 300, preferably about 80 to about 200 square meters per gram. The BET method that measures area 4 of the superfisie is discussed in the Journal of the Amerisan Che isal Sosiety, volume 60, page 301 (1930).

The silica also typically has an absorption value of dibutylphthalate (DBP) in a range from about 100 to about 400, and usually from about 150 to about 300.

The silica should be expected to have a maximum average particle size, for example in a field of approximately 0.01 to 0.05 microns as determined by the electron microscope, although the silica particles may be smaller in size.

Various silicas which are available in the market may be considered for use in this invention, such as, for example, only and without limitation, the silicas available in the PPG Industries market under the Hi-Sil brand with 210, 243 designations. , etc.; available silicas from Rhone-Poulenc, such as Zeosil 1165MP and silicas available from Degussa AG with designations such as VN2, VN3 and 3370.

When a quantitative silica reinforcement is desired for a rubber rim running surface, a precipitated, particulate, silica with a coupling agent, or what is sometimes referred to as a silica coupler, is conventionally used.

Compounds capable of reacting with both the silica surface and the rubber elastomer molecule are often used in a manner that causes the silica to have a reinforcing effect on the cause; Molds of which are generally known to those skilled in the art as blowing or blowing agents. These coupling agents, for example, can be premixed or pre-reacted with the silica particles or with mixtures added to the rubber during the rubber / silica process stage or mixed. If the coupling agent and silica are added separately to the rubber mixture during the rubber / silica mixing or processing step, it is considered that the coupling agent is then combined in situ with the silica.

In particular, these coupling agents can, for example, be composed of a silane having a constituent or half component, capable of reacting with the rubber, particularly a vulcanizable sulfur rubber containing double carbon to carbon mixtures or unsaturation. In this way the coupler then acts as a bridge between the silica and the rubber and thereby improves the rubber reinforcement aspect of the silica.

In one aspect, the silane of the coupling agent apparently forms a mixture for the surface of the silica, possibly through hydrolysis, and the reactive component of the causative agent of the blowing agent is combined with the rubber itself.

Many couplers are taught to be used in the combination of silica and rubber, such as for example silane blowing agents containing a polysulphide component or structure such as bis- (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide.

It is completely understood to those skilled in the art that rubber composition of a tread surface rubber would be composed of methods that are generally known in the art of the composition of the cause, as is the mixture of different constituents of vulcanizable rubbers with sulfur. with different commonly used additive materials, such as, for example, curing aids, such as sulfur, activators, retarders and accelerators, process additives such as oils, resins including tackifying resins, silicas and plasticizers, fillers, pigments , fatty acids, zinc oxide, waxes, anti-oxidants and anti-ozone agents, peptizing agent and roforzamiento materials such as carbon black. As is known to those skilled in the art, depending on the intended use for sulfur vulcanizable materials and sulfur vulcanizates (rubbers), the aforementioned additives are selected and commonly used in conventional amounts.

Typical additions of carbon black for this invention, if used, are set forth herein. Typical amounts of tackifying resins, if used, comprise about 0.5 to about 10 phr, generally about 1 to about 5 phr. Typical processing aids may include, for example, aromatic oils, napthenic, and / or paraffin processors. Typical amounts of antioxidants comprise about 1 to about 5 phr. Representative antioxidants may be, for example, diphenyl-p-penylenediamine and others, such as those disclosed in the book Vanderbolt Rubber Handbook (1978), pages 344-346. Typical amounts of anti-ozone agents are about 1 to 5 phr. Typical amounts of the fatty acids, if used, may include stearic acid comprise about 0.5 to about 3 phr. Typical amounts of zinc oxide waxes comprise approximately about 5 phr. Often microcrystalline waxes are used. Typical amounts of peptizers comprise approximately 0.1 to 1 phr. Typical peptizers can be, for example, pentachlorothiophenol disulfide and dibenzamidodiphenyl The vulcanization is conducted in the presence of a sulfur vulcanizing agent. Examples of suitable sulfur vulcanization agents include elemental sulfur agents (free sulfur) or sulfur donor vulsanizers, for example, a disulphuric amine, polymeric polysulfide and sulfuric olefin adjuvants. Preferably, the sulfur vulcanizing agent is elemental sulfur. As those skilled in the art know, sulfur vulcanizing agents are used in amounts in the approximate range of about 0.5 to 4 phr, or even in some circumstances up to about 8 phr, with a range of about 1.5 to about 2.5, sometimes from 2 to 2.5 is what is preferred.

Accelerators are used to control the time and / or the temperature that is required in the vulcanization and to ove the properties of the vulcanization. The retarders are also used for the vulcanization ratio. In one embodiment, a single accelerator system, that is, the primary accelerator, can be used. Conventionally and preferably, a primary accelerator (s) is used in total amounts ranging from about 0.5 to about 4, preferably about 0.8 to about 1.5 phr. In another embodiment, combinations of a primary accelerator or / and a secondary accelerator can be used; With the secondary accelerator, approximate amounts of 0.05 to about 3 phr are used, for example, in order to activate and ove the properties of the vulcanizer. It can be expected that the combinations of these accelerators produce a synergistic effect on the final properties and are somehow better than those produced by any single accelerator. In addition, delayed action accelerators can be used, which are not affected by normal processing temperatures, but which produce a satisfactory cure at ordinary vulcanization temperatures. The types a, decuados of the accelerators that can be used in the present invention are; amines, disulfides, guanidines, thioureas, thiazoles, thiurums, sulfenamides, dithiocarbamates and zantates. Preferably, the first accelerator is a sulfenamide. If a second accelerator is used, it is preferably a composition of guandin, dithiocarbamate or thiuram. The presence and relative amounts of the sulfur vulcanizing agent and the accelerator (s) are not considered to be an aspect of this invention which is directed primarily to the use of silica as a reinforcing filler in combination with a coupling agent.

The presence and relative amounts of the above additives are not considered as an aspect of the present invention, which is directed primarily to a rim with an outer surface layer of rubber reinforced carbon black on a reinforced portion of silica of the rolling surface to provide a relatively low resistance path in electricity from the outer surface of the running surface of the bead portion of the running surface.

The rim can be constructed, molded, formed and cured by various methods, which will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art.

The invention can be understood much better by reference to the following examples in which parts and percentages are given by weight, unless otherwise indicated.

EXAMPLE 1 The electrical resistance of a rim for the purposes of this invention is measured with the help of a wheel or periphery of a rigid elastomeric cast metal (steel, for example) on which a rim is mounted to create a set of rim / wheel, a flat steel plate on which the rim of the rim / periphery assembly is pressed, and an instrument for measuring the electrical resistance associated between the periphery and the aforementioned steel plate.

The test prescribed herein is likewise designated herein, for the purpose of this description as a test loaded with resistensia eléstrisa, sual for convenience, it may be referred to as Test GT-L. up to this point, this test is not prescribed, by the ASTM or the test procedure of the industrial association of the rim.

Apparatus and Procedure: 1. a flat steel plate having a thickness of at least about 5 mm and a length and width greater than the tread of the rim to be tested; 2. An electrically insulating, electrically non-conductive plate (polyethylene, for example) at least as long and as wide as the aforementioned steel plate and placed below and against the steel plate; with this the insulating resistance from the steel plate through the insulating plate is at least 100 times greater than the test value measured for the electrical resistance between the tread surface of the rim (for example, the plate of asero abovementioned) and the rim periphery of the aforementioned rim / periphery assembly '; 3. Voltage source of at least 100 volts and energy within 0.01 and 3 watts and an instrumentation to measure the resistance to read the resistance in ohms or mehom with an accuracy of +/- 10 percent; 4. A suitable copper connection wiring; (a) from the periphery or steel wheel of the copper tape of the rim / periphery assembly to the resistance instrumentation; and (b) from the plate of asero to the instrumentation of the resistance; (c) 5. the tire to be tested; 6. Periphery of electrically conductive steel wheel; Y 7. The apparatus for pressing the rim / periphery assembly against the spit plate and the pressure metering instrument will be affected.

In accordance with the procedure test, the rim mounted on the steel periphery and inflated with air pressure at 100 percent test pressure of approximately 2.2 bar which is considered here as standard for passenger radial tires .

Prior to the test, the tire is inflated over the steel periphery for the test pressure and suffixed for at least 8 hours at an ambient temperature between 15 and 30 ° C at a relative humidity of minus 60 per cent.

A test load is applied to the rim / periphery assembly on the above-mentioned steel plate in an amount equal to 80 percent of the load indicated for the rim by the load index.

The rim / periphery assembly is loaded as described above, twice in one minute. After the assembly is charged by a terser time for a duration of three minutes after which the electrical measurements are taken and reported in ohms or megahomies resistance between the periphery and the steel plate below the tread surface of the rim charged This procedure is repeated at least three times at approximately equal spaced locations around the rim.

EXAMPLE II The rubber tires for tires identified herein as Tires A, B, and C, are prepared in a type and size 175 / 65R14. All rims have identical roof frames made of carbon black reinforced saucho with heels and associated side surfaces. All tires with surface rolling rims are a layer / wing construction. All running surfaces have the same surface configuration d & studs and grooves, with grooves that connect to the sidewalls of the rims in the region of the shoulder, through a connecting groove that extends laterally, in a manner similar to that of Figure 6.

All the running surfaces of the rims are a co-extruded sheet, composed of a rolling surface layer and two lateral rolling surface wings similar to that of Figure 1.

The rolling surface layer of the rim and the wings of the running surface are composed of carbon black reinforced rubber for the running surface wings co-extruded therethrough; a simple nozzle with the composition of saucho reinforced silica for the surface layer of the tread.

In particular, the rim identified herein as rim B has a rolling surface composed of rubber tread surface wings reinforced with co-extruded carbon black and a saucer tread surface sampled quantitatively from silica and differs from Rim A for having also thin tread strips reinforced with co-extruded carbon black (co-extruded with the tread surface layer and the wings of the tread surface) located at the interface between the surface layer rolling and the wings, similar to Figure 6.

In particular, the rim identified herein as Rim C is the same as Rim B, except that half the thickness of the tread surface has been worn out, and thus the thin tread surface tread is removed. the outer-block surfaces of the running surface in a manner similar to Figure 7.

The tires are evaluated for their electrical resistance through the Test GT-L test mentioned above.

The compositions of the wings of the tread surface and the treads of the respective tread surface, and the thin tread of the tread surface for the rims are composed of materials shown in the following Tables 1 and 2.

In particular, the rolling surface of the rim A is a co-extrusion of the wing of the rolling surface of the slump shown in Table 1 and the layer of the rolling surface of the composition shown. in table 2. Rim A does not have a tread surface.

In particular, the rolling surface of the tires B and C is a tri-extrusion of the wing of the running surface of the composition shown in Table 1 and both the surface layer of the tread and the tread strip. The rolling surface of the compositions are shown in Table 2.

The aforesaid co-extruded running surfaces are suitably constructed in the frame of the tire cover and the assembly thereof is vulcanized in a tire mold at a temperature of approximately 160 ° C for approximately 15 minutes to form tires of cured tire with configurations of rolling surface of studs and grooves.

TABLE 1 (ROLLING SURFACE WING) Tires A, B and C Parts BR (1) 60 Natural rubber (2) 40 Process Assistants (3) 20 Fatty Acids 2 Carbon Black, N550 50 Productive Mixing Step Sulfur 2.5 Zinc Oxide 2 Antioxidants (4) 4 Accelerators of the Sulfenamide and Tiuram type 1) cis 1,4- polybutadiene rubber which was obtained as Budene® 1207 from The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company 2) Natural rubber (cis 1,4, polyisoprene). 3) Oil processing rubber, plasticizers, resins and waxes. 4) Of the diamine type of paraphenylene di-aryl and dihydro-trimethyl quinoline. TABLE 2 (ROOF SURFACE LAYER AND ROLLING SURFACE TAPE) Rim A (tapeless Tape Layer surface surface tread) & Rolling tires rolling B and C Stages of Non-Productive Mixtures E-SBR (1) 25 25 Isoprene Rubber / Butadene (2) 45 45 BR (3) 20 20 Natural Rubber (4) 10 10 Processing Aids 25 25 Fatty Acids 2 2 Silica (7) 80 80 Coupling Agent (8) 12 TABLE 2 (continuation) (SURFACE LAYER AND ROLLING SURFACE TAPE) Rim A (without Synthetic Tape Layer surface surface tread surface) & Rolling tires rolling B and C Productive Mixing Stage Sulfur 1 Zinc Oxide 4 Antioxidant (s) (ß) 3 Accelerators of the Sulfena ina and Tiuram type 1) SBR emulsion prepared from polymerization which can be obtained from The Goodyear & Rubber Company that has styrene contents of approximately 23 percent. 2) Isoprene / butadiene copolymer elastomer having a Tg of about -45 ° C and an isoprene content of about 50 percent which is obtained from The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company. 3) Cis 1, 4-polybutadene rubber that is obtained by Budene® 1207 from The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company. 4) Natural Causho (cis 1, 4-polyisoprene).

) Rubber processing oil that is approximately in 9.4 parts in the E-SBR, where the amount of E-SBR was previously reported on a dry weight (without the oil) and in addition, approximately 14 additional parts of processing oil for rubber, plasticizers, resins and waxes. 6) Of the diamine type of para-phenylene di-aryl and dihydro-trimethyl quinoline. 7) A silica that was obtained as Zeopol 8745 from the Huber company. 8) It was obtained as bis-3- (triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide (50% active) commercially available as X50S from Degussa as a 50/50 mixture of tetrasulfide with N330 carbon black (thus considered 50% active).

EXAMPLE II The electrical resistance measurements were conducted on Tires A, B and C using the Test GT-L test as described above. The results of the tests are shown in the following Table 3.

TABLE 3 Resistensia Eléstrisa tire (1) A Greater than 20,000 B 2.5 C '3.0 1) Mehgahomios.

These electrical resistance measurements show that for a rim with a silica-reinforced rubber tread, the application of the co-vulcanized top layer, co-extruded between the tread surface layer and the mini-wings in a construction of Rolling surface layer / mini-wings, where the layer of the. The surface of the tread is quantitatively reinforced with silica, only a minimum, if any, of carbon black reinforcement can significantly reduce the résestrisa resistance of the rim.

While some representative embodiments and details have been shown for the purpose of illustrating the invention, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and alsanse of the invention.

Claims (6)

1. A tire rim having a cirsunferential rubber tread surface of a plug and groove configuration supported by a carbon black reinforced casing frame having two individual side walls where each side wall connects with one of the two individual bead portions spaced apart, wherein the running surface is composed of (i) a tread surface layer designed to counter the floor; (ii) two individual tread surface wings, each tread surface wing is a lateral extension of a peripheral edge of the tread surface and (iv) two circumferential thin tread surface treads; each of the individual tread tapes are located apart from a portion of the face of the adjacent running surface of each of the tread surface wings to include at least a portion of at least one tread groove - adjacent to at least one block of the running surface; wherein each of the ribbons of the running surface extends and includes less than a portion of the interface between the running surface and the wings of the running surface; all without overlapping an outer surface of the running surface wings and without extending the bead portions; wherein one of the wings of the running surface makes a sontaste and extends individually over a portion of the outer surface of the side wall of the frame of the tire cover; wherein the surface layer of the tread is a rubber composition containing about 30 to about 100 phr of precipitated silica and proportionally, up to about 20 phr of carbon black; and wherein the tapes of the running surface, the wings of the running surface and the base of the running surface are rubber compositions containing about 25 to about 100 phr of carbon black.

2. The rim of claim 1 is characterized in that the running surface is composed of the rolling surface layer, wings of the running surface, base of the running surface and the treads of the running surface, wherein the wings of the rolling surface and the base of the rolling surface are a unitary and individual rubber composition.

3. The rim of claim 1 characterized in that the tread surface is composed of the tread surface layer, tread surface wings, tread surface tread and tread surface tapes, wherein the tread strips The rolling surface and the base of the rolling surface are a unitary and individual causal composition.

4. The rim of any of the above claims characterized in that the thin ribbons of the tread surface cover less than 50 percent of the face of the tread surface of the rim and where the tread surface layer has a electrical resistance of suando less 10,000 megahomes.

5. The rim of any of the previous claims characterized by the fact that the tread surface layer has an electrical resistance of more than 20,000 megahoms and the rim with thin, symmetrical tires, of the rolling surface has an electrical resistance less than 100 megahomes. from the tapes of the tread surface on the face of the tread surface layer to the heel portions of the rim, in accordance with the Test GT-L test and where the tapes of the tread surface have a thickness within the field from 0.005 to 0.08 sm; wherein the thin tape (s) of the tread surface is co-vulsified, and this is why the layer of the tread surface and the wings of the tread surface are integrated; This provides an electrical path of less than 100 megahms from the tread of the tread surface on the tread surface of the rim and within the interface between the tread surface and the wings of the tread. rolling surface, from there through the sidewalls of the rim to the heel portions of the rim.

6. The rim of any of the preceding claims which is characterized in that the tread surface layer, the tread surface wings and the tread surface are formed as a single component by simultaneous tri-extrusion of rubber compositions individual through the same and single nozzle at a temperature that is in the range of 80 ° C to 150 ° C.