MXPA97010013A - Aju device - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a drive device for changing the sectional area of a fluid channel and / or the direction of a fluid flow in dependence on the temperature difference between a first fluid and a second fluid; the fluids consist of the same substance or each consists of a different substance or a mixture of substances, this drive device has a first impeller that expands the material that hits the first fluid and a second impeller that expands the material that hits the second fluid, the two impellers are effectively connected to a common actuator element that is displaced by the impellers that expand the material acting in opposite directions, and is further connectable to means for changing the sectional area of the fluid channel and / or the direction of the fluid flow; characterized in that the actuating element is linearly displaceable, a respective spring element being disposed On each side of the actuating element between the actuating element and a piston displaceable parallel to the actuating element and forming part of the impeller which expands the associated respective material, the spring element is engageable in the direction of movement of the actuator element and the pist

Description

ADJUSTMENT DEVICE Description of the invention The invention relates to an adjustment device for modifying the cross section of a fluid passage and / or the direction of a fluid stream as a function of the temperature difference between a first fluid and a second fluid, which consist of the same substance or in each case of a different substance or mixture of substances. Such adjustment devices are generally known and are used, among other things, for example for air passages, control or regulating butterflies and flow regulators (or volumetric flow rectifiers). During the installation of the technical accessory assemblies of a building (electrical / hydraulic / pneumatic installation) there is often the case that an adjustment has to be made in a technical air conduction component, such as an air passage or a regulator volumetric flow, on the one hand as a function of the temperature of the air supplied through the passage and on the other hand of the temperature in an enclosure into which the air of the air passage is introduced. A suitable amount of adjustment for adjusting the adjustment device is often the difference between the two temperatures mentioned above. In comparison with the absolute values of both temperatures mentioned above, the difference between them is the substantially more significant magnitude for the climate conditioning of housing, since it indicates whether the enclosure is heated or cooled by the introduced air. In the case of a positive difference between the temperature of the entered air and the room temperature, it is said that there is a case of heating (heating), while in the case of a negative difference it is said that there is a case of cooling (cooling) ). Both in the case of high outputs (through ducts that open into the ceiling) and in the case of exits located close to the level of the floor, it is necessary to modify the output direction of the supplied air flow according to whether its temperature is higher or lower, in order to be able to satisfy the current comfort requirements and achieve an energy-efficient air conditioning of the enclosure. For example, in the case of exits through the ceiling it is necessary that the supplied air is spread in the horizontal direction in the case of cold air (cooling) and even in the vertical direction for a rapid heating in case of being treated. of hot air (heating), in order to avoid drafts of air.

Contrary to this, in the case of exits close to the floor it is necessary to direct the cold (cooling) air supplied obliquely upwards from the exit, so that it then falls back to the floor some distance from the exit. In this way it is possible to achieve large distances of the air supply without high output speeds. However, if you want to supply warm air from an outlet close to the floor, it is essential to direct it obliquely downwards in the direction of the floor, on the one hand to warm up its great accumulating mass and on the other hand to prevent hot air from rising to the sky at once. of the enclosure, since in this way the heating effect would be largely lost. Commonly known adjustment devices are generally provided with two electrical or electronic temperature sensors, which on the one hand measure the temperature of the enclosure and on the other the temperature of the air supplied. Depending on the temperature difference in each existing case, it is operated by means of a drive that is most often electromotorized, less frequently hydraulic or pneumatic, either a volumetric flow regulator or an adjustable or adjustable element for modifying the output direction of the motor. the current. Known adjustment devices are complicated and expensive, since on the one hand they require a regulating device as well as many construction components and expensive wiring, and on the other hand they require auxiliary energy to carry out the adjustment. Additionally, adjustment devices are known which do not require additional auxiliary energy, but in which the adjustment of the adjustable or orientable element is only carried out based on the measurement of the temperature of the supplied air. The adjustment device in this case is operated with the aid of a so-called expandable substance actuator which is disposed within the volume of the supplied air stream. That is to say that only the temperature of the supplied air is used to effect the adjustment, and not the difference between the temperature of the supplied air and the air temperature of the enclosure. The disadvantage of the adjustment principle just described is that one and the same temperature of the supplied air can be present, both in the case of heating air and in the case of cooling air. If, in the case just mentioned, a temperature of 22 ° C is equated with the case of heating or heating, then the adjustable element of a ceiling outlet will have to be adjusted in such a way that the supplied air is blown perpendicularly downwards inside the enclosure, in which there reigns, for example, a temperature of 18 ° C. But if for example the temperature of the enclosure during the summer is already 25 ° C, then there is no case of heating despite the same temperature of 22 ° C of the supplied air, but a case of cooling. However, if the adjustment of the output direction of the current is only made as a function of the supply air temperature, then also in the case of cooling which is what now exists, the cold air (in relation to the enclosure) will be blown perpendicularly downwards. But this on the one hand leads to phenomena of (formation of) currents in the regions below the ceiling exit, and on the other hand to a very uneven distribution of temperature, with local peaks of temperature in the region of the sky satin. Actually, what is required in this case is that the cold air (in relation to the enclosure) supplied comes out essentially horizontally along the ceiling, in order to achieve a uniform fall of supply air distributed by the section cross section of the enclosure. However, this can not be achieved with an adjustment that is only made based on the supply air temperature. The invention proposes the task of creating an adjustment device that works automatically without any external auxiliary energy, such as electrical current, compressed air, etc., by which an adjustment movement is possible based on a temperature difference between two fluids Starting from an adjustment device of the type described in the introduction, this task is solved according to the invention by providing in the adjusting device a first expandable substance actuator subjected to the effect of the first fluid, and a second expandable substance actuator subjected to the effect of the second fluid, wherein the expandable substance actuators are in active connection with a common adjustment element, which can be adjusted in opposite directions by the expandable substance actuators. By the fact that the energy for the adjustment is taken directly from the two fluids, it is entirely possible to dispense with feeding the adjustment device according to the invention with any external auxiliary power source. The adjustment device according to the invention is based for this on a purely mechanical operating principle and therefore does not have any fault-prone electronic circuit nor does it require any wiring.

The known dilatable substance actuators are constituted by cylinders filled with a special mixture of wax, which on one side are fixedly closed and on the other hand are closed by a displaceable piston. During the stationary operation the wax mixture contained in the expandable substance actuator adopts the temperature of the fluid to which it is subjected. For this, the volume occupied by the defined quantity of wax mixture is a determined function of the temperature, being that an increase in temperature is accompanied by an increase in volume. Such an increase in volume causes a displacement of the plunger, whose movement is transmitted outwards through a rod of the plunger. It is generally known to adjust the wax mixture used to various ranges of operating temperature. Due to the fact that in each case a dilatable substance actuator is found in one of the two fluids, the temperature difference between them is detected, thus achieving an adjustment to the satisfaction of the required flow cross section or orientation. of the output flow, independent of the temperatures in each absolute case. The measurement of the difference is achieved for this by actuating the expandable substance actuators in the opposite direction on the common adjustment element. In accordance with this, a uniform increase of both temperatures of the fluids leads - as it is really desired - to that the position of the adjustment element is not modified. According to an embodiment of the adjustment device according to the invention, it is proposed that the adjustment element be linearly displaceable, for which purpose each side of the adjustment element is disposed, in each case between it and a piston of the actuator. of correspondingly displaceable expandable substance displaceable parallel to the adjustment element, a respective spring element which can be shortened in the direction of movement of the adjusting element and of the plunger. In the case of the finished embodiment of the adjustment device, the adjustment element is immobile, that is to say, it does not undergo displacement, when the forces acting on it are in equilibrium. These forces are in each case the spring forces that attack from both sides. If both spring elements have the same spring constant, then - provided there is a linear force-path law - they will always be shortened by the same amount. The adjustment element is thus always in the center between those ends of the spring elements that are remote from it and, in the case of an identical length of the intermediate piston rod elements used in each case, also centered between Ambulances of the expandable substance actuators. If from the equilibrium state there is a uniform increase in the temperature of both actuators of expandable substance, then both spring elements are shortened by the same amount, without the position of the adjustment element undergoing any modification. This shows that the position of the adjustment element is a function of the respective temperature differential and not of the absolute temperatures. If, starting from a state of equilibrium, only the temperature of one of the fluids is changed, that is to say, only one of the expandable substance actuators, then a displacement of the piston of this actuator is carried out. However, the adjustment element only moves by half the amount of displacement of the plunger of the expandable substance actuator, since in both spring elements a length modification is carried out by the same amount. That is, a modification of only one temperature, specifically a change in the temperature difference, as desired, results in the displacement of the adjustment element. In further structuring of the invention, it is provided that the spring elements and the adjustment element can be moved in a tube common to both, which in the region of the adjustment of the adjustment element is provided with an oblong hole so that a drive piece fixedly attached to the adjustment element passes. On the one hand, the tube prevents the spring elements and the adjusting element from yielding transversely to their direction of movement in an undesired manner, and on the other hand it protects the entire adjustment mechanism from soiling of any kind. Another embodiment of the invention consists in that the adjustment element formed by an arm is supported so that it can rotate, being that by means of the actuators of expandable substance are introduced into the arm moments of different signs with respect to the axis of rotation of the arm, in each case through spring elements that can be shortened in the direction of movement of their pistons. Such an adjustment device is based on the principle so-called balance of moments of rotation, in which the arm is immobile when a balance of moments reigns, that is, when the sum of all the moments introduced is equal to zero. If it is desired that the influence of the temperatures of both fluids have the same intensity, then it is advantageous to select the product of the spring constant and the distance with respect to the axis of rotation of the arm of the point of introduction of the force, so that are identical for both expandable substance actuators. In this case the temperature changes in the same direction and equal in quantity in both fluids, ie displacements in the same direction and in the same amount of the pistons of the associated dilatable substance actuators, cause a difference of equal moment quantity, so that the steady state is preserved without change. If instead only the temperature of one of the fluids changes, then the arm deviates from its previously adopted position, both spring elements being shortened or lengthened by the same amount. Accordingly, even in the case of this embodiment of the adjustment device according to the invention, only the difference in temperature is decisive for the magnitude of the adjustment. A further development of the invention consists in that the forces of the spring elements that cause the moments, and whose length can be modified by means of the expandable substance actuators, attack on opposite sides of the arm with respect to the axis of rotation. In this way an adequate separation distance can be achieved between the dilatable substance actuators that must be arranged in different fluids, and the configuration of a separating wall between them can be facilitated. In addition, it is particularly advantageous if the adjusting device can be installed in such a manner in a suitable hole in a wall of a passage that the first expandable substance actuator lies within the passage in the region of the flow or of the flow of the first fluid, and the second expandable substance actuator is outside the passage in the second fluid. In order to avoid adulteration of the temperature measurement in the second expandable substance actuator by the first fluid exiting the passage, it is proposed that the second expandable substance actuator of the first fluid exiting the passage can be covered by a cap. deflector. In this way, the actual temperature outside the passage will always be measured. Finally, it is still provided according to the invention that the second fluid can flow around the second expandable substance actuator, for which the second fluid can be sucked into the passage from the vicinity of the passage through a secondary fluid inlet, with the help of the flow of the first fluid inside the passage.

The heat exchange between the second fluid and the second expandable substance actuator is considerably magnified in this way, whereby the response time of the regulating device can be shortened. The invention will now be explained in more detail on the basis of several embodiments of an adjustment device that is shown in the drawing, in which: Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section through an adjustment device with linear displacement of the adjustment element; Figure 2 shows the arrangement or arrangement of the adjustment device according to Figure 1 in an air displacement step in the case of heating or heating; Figure 3 as in Figure 2, but in the case of cooling or cooling; 4 shows an alternative arrangement of the adjustment device in an air displacement passage; and Figure 5 an adjustment device with an adjustment element in the form of a moment-of-moment balance. The adjustment device shown in FIG. 1 is constituted by two identical dilatable substance actuators 1 and 1 ', two identical spring elements 2, as well as by an adjustment element 3 disposed between both spring elements 2. The expandable substance actuators 1 and 1 ', the spring elements 2 and the adjustment element 3 are aligned coaxially with each other, the spring elements 2 and the adjustment element 3, as well as two support plates 4, they are movably accommodated in a 5-cylindrical tube. The tube 5 has on the one side an oblong hole 6 for passing a piece. 8 of drag provided with an eye 7, fixedly attached to the adjustment element 3. The actuators 1 and 1 'of expandable substance are in each case constituted by a cylinder 9 completely closed on one side and open on the opposite side, whose interior space is filled with a certain mixture of wax up to a certain part, which shows a special dilation behavior at temperature. The wax mixture 10 is delimited to the open side of the cylinder 9 by a piston 11, which is fixedly connected to the support plate 4 through the rod 12 of the piston. The illustrated adjustment device is installed in such a manner in a recess 13 adapted in a wall 14 of a passage not shown in greater detail, but known, that the actuator 1 'of right dilatable substance is within the passage in the region of the current indicated by the arrows 15 of a first fluid, and the left expandable substance actuator 1 is out of the passage in a second fluid. If, for example, the temperature of the first fluid increases, then the wax mixture 10 in the actuator 1 'of right dilatable substance expands, which leads to a displacement of the associated piston 11 as well as of the plate 4. support. If instead the temperature of the second fluid outside the passage remains unchanged, then the displacement by an amount X of the right support plate 4 causes a modification of the length of both spring elements respectively magnitude of 0.5 • X. Consequently a displacement of the adjusting element 3 takes place by this amount 0.5 • X. As required, a change in the temperature of only one of the fluids, ie a change in the temperature difference, causes an adjustment movement. of the adjustment element 3. If, on the other hand, a change in the temperatures of both fluids takes place in the same direction and of the same magnitude, then by virtue of the opposite displacements but of identical magnitude of the pistons, a uniform modification of the length of both elements takes place. of spring, so that the adjustment element 3 is kept in the original position. And this is desired, since an adjustment movement is desired only in the case of a change in the temperature difference. Figure 2 can be seen as the adjustment device, now already represented on a reduced scale and schematically, is installed on the wall 14 of an air displacement outlet 16. An air displacement passage 16 of this kind is generally installed at a distance of approximately 3 meters above a floor, and is constituted by a perforated metal jacket 17, a junction tube 18 and a closed floor 19 opposite the splice tube 18. Inside the perforated sheet metal jacket 17 there are diaphragm rings 20, of which for purposes of clarity only one is illustrated. In the interior of the perforated sheet metal jacket 17 there is also a tube 21 which can be crossed by a current in the axial direction, which can be closed essentially completely with the aid of a butterfly 22 with rotational movement. The butterfly 22 is provided with a lever 23 which is connected via a linkage 24 to the drive part 8 of the adjustment element which can not be seen here. In FIG. 2, the flow conditions are illustrated by means of arrows 25 in the case of heating or heating, in which, by virtue of the closed tube 21, the current is passed around it and leaves the perforated plate jacket 17 essentially downwards. The air that enters the room with an overtemperature can penetrate to the regions of the floor of the enclosure by virtue of this characteristic of the flow. Since the actuator 1 'of right dilatable substance is disposed in the supply hot air, but nevertheless the left expandable substance actuator 1 is disposed in the relatively cold air of the enclosure, the adjusting element 5, specifically also the drive piece 8 attached to it, are diverted from the center position to the left, since the wax mixture that is inside the actuator 1 'of right expandable substance occupies a much larger volume than the wax mixture found of the inside actuator 1 of left expandable substance. Contrary to the foregoing, in Figure 3 the case of cooling or cooling for the same passage 16 of air displacement is represented. Since there is now an opposite temperature difference between the supply air and the room air, specifically also between the expandable substance actuators 1 and 1 ', the drive part 8 and the linkage 24 are in a deviated position towards the right, whereby the butterfly 22 adopts a position aligned with the central axis 26 of the air displacement passage 16. Now the tube 21 is available with almost all of its cross section for the passage of the current, so that due to the closed floor 19 a deviation of the central current of the supplied air takes place there. This results in an outflow of supply air through the perforated plate sleeve 17, which substantially runs obliquely upwards. Due to this, the supply air is evenly distributed around the passage 16 of air displacement, and due to its greater density it falls covering a wide area and at low speed to the lower regions of the enclosure. In the case of the air displacement passage 16 'shown in FIG. 4, the expandable substance actuator 1 outside the box is covered by a baffle cap 27 against the cold supply air coming out of the jacket 17 Perforated sheet in the case of cooling. By means of this errors are avoided in what refers to the temperature that really predominates in the enclosure. In addition, a secondary fluid inlet 28 is located below the expandable substance actuator 1, through which air from the enclosure, which has previously passed along the expandable substance actuator 1, can flow into the passage 16 '. of air displacement. This air flow is caused or magnified by a driving device 29 located inside, in that in this way a region of low pressure is formed which leads to air being sucked from the enclosure by the secondary fluid inlet. The fact that (the air in the enclosure) flows around the expandable substance actuator 1 results in the response time of the adjusting device being shortened. The adjustment device illustrated in FIG. 5 is constituted by two dilatable substance actuators 1 and 1 'fixed to a common support plate 30, in each case including the pistons 11, the piston rods 12 and the plates 4. support. Additionally, the adjusting device has two spring elements 2 resting respectively downwards on support plates 31. The support plates 31 are connected in an articulated manner to an arm 33 supported so that it can rotate about a pivot axis 32, which at one of its ends is connected in an articulated manner to a push rod 33 'of an element 34 guide for adjusting the blowing characteristic of a roof outlet 35. The adjustment device influenced by the temperature differences is represented drastically magnified in comparison to the outlet 35 of the roof, in order to be able to better explain its principle of operation. Actually, the adjustment device is arranged in a recess of a wall 14 'of the roof outlet 35. In order to facilitate understanding there is also an increasing partial view of this wall 14 ', in the region of the adjustment device. The position of the arm 33 shown in solid lines exemplifies the case of cooling, in which the guide device 34 closes flush with the lower edge 36 of the roof passage, whereby it causes the air stream to exit substantially in a horizontal direction The supply air flowing ugh the interior of the roof outlet 35 and to which effect the expandable substance actuator 1 is subjected is in this case considerably colder than the air in the enclosure surrounding the actuator 1 'of the expandable substance. It is for this reason that the piston 11 of the actuator 1 'of left expandable substance has a greater stroke than the piston 11 of the actuator 1 of right dilatable substance, whereby the arm 33 adopts an angular position that increases from left to right. The spring elements 2 which have an identical elastic constant have the same shortening, whereby equal elastic forces are produced and, in conjunction with identical lever arms, moments of rotation of the same magnitude but opposite around the axis 32 of rotation . If now from an unchanged air temperature of the room the room must be heated by the supply of hot air, then subjecting the actuator 1 of expandable substance to the effect of hot air leads to a dilation of the wax mass, which in turn leads to a displacement of the piston 11 and of the support plate 4. The shortening of the right spring element 2 leads to a shortening of the same magnitude of the left spring element 2, which results in a rotation of the arm 33 clockwise to the position represented by lines dotted By this the pushing rod 33 'and the guiding element 34 are displaced downwards. As is required in the case of heating in a roof outlet, the spectrum of flow lines represented in striped lines is obtained, with a comparatively vertical air outlet downwards.

Claims (8)

1. CLAIMS Adjustment device for modifying the cross section of a fluid passage and / or the direction of a fluid stream as a function of the temperature difference between a first fluid and a second fluid, which consist of the same substance or each in the case of a different substance or mixture of substances, characterized by a first expandable substance actuator subjected to the effect of the first fluid and a second expandable substance actuator subjected to the effect of the second fluid, being that the expandable substance actuators are in Active connection with a common adjustment element, which can be adjusted by means of the expandable substance actuators.
2. Adjustment device according to claim 1, characterized in that the adjustment element can be moved linearly, being that on both sides of the adjustment element, in each case between it and a plunger of the expandable substance actuator respectively associated which can be moved parallel to the adjusting element, a spring element is arranged in the direction of movement of the adjustment element and the piston.
3. Adjustment device according to claim 2, characterized in that the spring elements and the adjustment element can be moved within a tube common to both, which in the adjustment region of the adjustment element is provided with an oblong hole so that a drive part fixedly connected with the adjustment element passes.
4. Adjustment device according to claim 1, characterized in that the adjustment element formed by an arm is supported so that it can rotate, being that by means of the expandable substance actuators can be introduced into the arm moments of different signs with respect to the axis of rotation of the arm, in each case through spring elements that can be shortened in the direction of movement of their pistons.
5. Adjustment device according to claim 4, characterized in that the forces of the spring elements that cause the moments, and whose length can be modified by means of the expandable substance actuators, attack on opposite sides of the arm with with respect to the axis of rotation. .
6. Adjustment device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it can be inserted in such a way into a recess adapted in a wall of a passage, that the first expandable substance actuator inside the passage is in the region of the flow or current of the first fluid, and the second expandable substance actuator outside the passage is in the second fluid.
7. 7. Adjustment device according to claim 6, characterized in that the second expandable substance actuator can be covered by means of a baffle cap of the first fluid exiting the passage. Adjustment device according to claim 7, characterized in that the second fluid can flow around the second expandable substance actuator, for which the second fluid can be sucked into the passage from the vicinity of the passed through a secondary fluid inlet, with the aid of the first fluid stream inside the passage. SUMMARIZES The invention relates to an adjustment device for modifying the cross section of a fluid passage and / or the direction of a fluid stream as a function of the temperature difference between a first fluid and a second fluid. Both fluids may consist of the same substance or in each case of a different substance or mixture of substances. In order to create an automatic adjustment device that works without external auxiliary energy, such as electric current or compressed air, with which a positioning or orientation movement can be produced based on the temperature difference between the two fluids, it is proposed to provide a first expandable substance actuator subjected to the effect of the first fluid and a second expandable substance actuator subjected to the effect of the second fluid. For this purpose, the expandable substance actuators are in active connection with an adjustment element common to both, which can be displaced in opposite directions by means of the expandable substance actuators. Figure 1