MXPA97007733A - System of multifunctional interactive communications with transmission and reception of signals circularly / in the form of eliptic polariz - Google Patents

Abstract

A communications system that uses electromagnetic waves. The communication system operates preferably at millimeter wave frequencies and provides a relatively high resolution and signal isolation. The communications system can use polarization diversity to increase the capacity of a channel. The isolation and restoration characteristics in the transceivers eliminate and reduce the effects of precipitation and / or reflection and diffraction of objects, and this way, is well suited for an urban environment

Description

MULTIFUNCTIONAL INTERACTIVE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM WITH TRANSMISSION AND RECEPTION OF SIGNALS CIRCULARLY / IN A POLARIZED ELLIPTICAL FORM BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the invention This invention relates to a method and apparatus for communications with electromagnetic waves. The preference system operates at millimeter wave frequencies and uses polarization diversity. DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART The transmission transmission capacity of a communication system can be substantially increased with the use of polarization diversity. This is true for 1-way and 2-way communication systems. Vertical and horizontal polarizations are often used in satellite communications and other point-to-point microwave links to isolate the transmitted and received signals or to increase the information capacity. For local communication systems that use a millimeter wave carrier, polarization crosstalk caused by precipitation is a problem commonly found in systems that use double transmission of the linearly polarized signal. In addition, where a transmission link includes successive reflections by buildings and other objects, as in an urban environment, considerable variations occur in the polarization state of the signals, making the signal isolation for orthogonal polarization less effective. For a given frequency, a flat or near-plane circularly polarized electromagnetic wave propagating in open space may have its field vectors rotating clockwise (CP), or counterclockwise (CCO) . Two of these waves, which rotate in opposite directions, are orthogonal to each other and can be isolated with electronic circuits and suitable antenna feeds. However, precipitation and / or reflection / diffraction of buildings and other obstacles can distort waves and cause elliptical polarization. If the waves become elliptically polarized excessively, the information carried by the waves can not be recovered. U.S. Patent 4,747,160 shows a low power multifunctional cellular television system capable of two-way communication services. An omnidirectional transmitter transmits linear, vertical or horizontal polarized waves. The system shown in patent * 160 preferably operates in the millimeter wave band from 27.5 GHz to 29.5 GHz. US Patent 4,264,908 shows a polarization correction network that automatically compensates for cross polarization by, for example, precipitation. The network transmits linearly polarized vertical and horizontal waves. U.S. Patent 4,106,015 describes a radar system that eliminates rain echo signals. Pulsed, polarized waves are transmitted and two separate receiving channels receive the orthogonal components of a rain echo signal. The rain echo signal is eliminated by adjusting an amplitude of the orthogonal components of the rain echo signal and then adjusting the phase of the signals to be opposite each other. U.S. Patent 4,737,793, discloses a dual polarized microstrip antenna capable of simultaneously transmitting mutually orthogonal polarizations, including circularly polarized waves in a clockwise and counterclockwise direction, to double the capacity of a frequency band Dadaist. U.S. Patent 4,146,893 shows a satellite communication system that compensates for polarization distortion caused by precipitation and incomplete polarization characteristics of antennas by previously deforming a circularly polarized wave into an elliptically polarized wave. When the elliptically polarized wave is in a depolarizing medium, a circular wave is formed that is received by the satellite. The American Patent 3, 956, 699 discloses a communication system of electromagnetic waves that transmits and receives waves that have mutually orthogonal polarizations. The system provides polarization control prior to power amplification when transmitting and after amplification when it receives. U.S. Patent 5,337,058 shows a fast switching lens that is placed in front of a radar antenna to manipulate the polarization of a wave transmitted to various polarizations. The lens can also receive waves of different polarizations. US Pat. No. 4,329,687 discloses a radar system that alternately radiates circular or elliptically polarized waves in a clockwise and counterclockwise direction. A relatively high proportion of the signal to the interference is obtained by analyzing the phase differences between the two orthogonal components of the transmitted wave and the phase differences of the two orthogonal components of the received wave. The references of the prior art already described do not describe a method or apparatus for communication systems that can restore the circular polarization of a distorted wave and that can operate in an urban environment at millimeter wave frequencies. In this way, it is evident that a communication system operating at millimeter wave frequencies is needed, which provides double polarization and achieves a relatively high restoration and isolation of the signal. In the patent application No. WO-A-94 06 227 of PACTEL Corp, a method is proposed that is mainly proposed to suppress the interference of a secondary source which, in the context of mobile communications, can be a link of point to point whose signal is unintentionally picked up by the mobile receiver's antenna. This technique focuses on the comparison of the signal and on establishing a threshold to activate the cancellation of the interference. ^ In addition, the PACTEL Corp system is proposed for communications systems operating in the PCS band of 1.5 to 2.5 GHz. In these frequencies, helical antennas or antennas constructed of wired or rod-shaped components can discriminate effectively the direction of rotation of a circularly polarized wave. As shown in the figures of the PACTEL Corp application, antennas are used that admit a sense of rotation and are represented by helical structures. However, this is not the case at higher frequencies, especially above 10 GHz. Due to the moderate gain and directivity, helical antennas are often not used in millimeter wave bands. In addition, the cross polarization that couples the effects of the propagation medium also contributes to the unsuitable helical antenna, or its derivatives. In addition, the design shown in the PACTEL Corp patent can not provide satisfactory functionality in the field of application, hereby requested, of millimeter wavebands. In US-3,883,872 to FLETCHER et al., An antenna feed system is used to send LCP and PCR signals at the antenna output. Again this can handle circularly polarized waves but is not effective for elliptically polarized waves with inclined axes for the ellipse. In the patent no US-4, 310, 813 of YUUKI HIRONORI et al., Two rotary, differential phase shifters are described, cascaded in the antenna feed before the transducer orthogonally gives solution to the elliptically polarized waves. As a result, two servomechanisms are required to rotate the phase shifters. The application of the patent No EP-A-0 228, 947 of SEREL depends on the antenna feed to isolate the incoming waves. The electronic circuits included are the circuits for the displacement of the frequency, conventional, which are widely in the receivers. Again, this design is effective for isolating circularly polarized waves but can not handle elliptically polarized waves with inclined axes for the ellipse.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of this invention is to provide a method and apparatus for communications with electromagnetic waves that eliminate or greatly reduce the fading effects caused by precipitation. Another object of this invention is to provide a method and apparatus that uses double polarization to increase the capacity of the channel and in which the effects of the polarization employed are insignificant. Still another object of this invention is to provide a method and apparatus for a two-way, dual polarization communications system, which can provide communications at millimeter wave frequencies in urban environments despite the negative effects of reflection and / or diffraction. of the waves due to obstacles. These and other objectives are achieved with a method for communications with electromagnetic waves consisting of the steps of: transmitting a first rotating wave; receiving the first rotary wave, wherein the components of the first rotary wave enter a first channel and a second channel; isolating the first rotary wave of at least the first channel or the second channel, wherein the first channel is divided into a primary path of the first channel and a secondary path of the first channel; and the second channel is divided into a primary path of the second channel and a secondary path of the second channel; and moving a first phase of the secondary path of the first channel and combining it with the primary path of the second channel; and to move a second phase of the secondary path of the second channel and combine it with the primary path of the first channel. According to a preferred embodiment of this invention, a method for communications with electromagnetic waves is provided, comprising the steps of: transmitting a first rotating wave and a second rotating wave simultaneously, wherein the second rotating wave rotates against a first wave rotary receiving the first rotary wave and the second rotary wave, wherein the components of the first rotary wave and the second rotary wave enter a first channel and a second channel; isolating at least one of the first rotary wave or the second rotary wave of at least a first channel or second channel, wherein the first channel is divided into a primary path of the first channel and a secondary path of the first channel; and the second channel is divided into a primary path of the second channel and a secondary path of the second channel; and the displacement of a first phase of the secondary path of the first channel and combining it with the primary path of the second channel; and the displacement of a second phase of the secondary path of the second channel and combining it with the primary path of the first channel. The present invention also relates to a system for communications with electromagnetic waves consisting of the transmission means for transmitting a first rotary wave and a second rotary wave simultaneously; wherein the second rotary wave rotates against the receiving means of the first rotary wave to receive the first rotary wave and the second rotary wave; wherein the components of the first rotary wave and the components of the second rotary wave enter a first channel and a second channel; wherein the first channel is divided into a primary path of the first channel and a secondary path of the first channel; the second channel is divided into a primary path of the second channel and a secondary path of the second channel; the isolation means for isolating at least a first rotary wave or a second rotary wave from at least the first channel or the second channel; and the first phase shifting means and the first combining means for shifting and combining, respectively, a first phase of the secondary path of the first channel with the primary path of the second channel and the second phase shifting means and the second half of combination to move and combine, respectively, a second phase of the secondary path of the second channel with the primary path of the first channel. This communication system uses double polarization to efficiently duplicate the capacity of a given frequency band. According to a preferred embodiment of this invention, the elliptical and / or circularly polarized waves are transmitted simultaneously from a transmitting antenna. A first wave rotates in an opposite direction with respect to a second rotating wave. At millimeter wavelength frequencies, such as those generally found above 18 GHz, precipitation, such as rain, snow or fog and diffraction / reflection due to urban obstacles, such as buildings, can attenuate and depolarize these waves . As a result, circularly polarized waves can become elliptical and the axes of elliptical waves can rotate. Without the proper isolation characteristics of the signal, the information carried by the distorted waves can be unrecoverable. The invention does not depend on a threshold. The circuit to isolate the incoming waves by rotating in opposite directions opes in continuous time. In addition, the invention does not make use of a combined signal level, nor does it gene a warning signal. The invention also employs antennas or high gain reflector antenna arrays to provide the necessary gain and directivity and includes the extensive use of adaptive electronic circuits to isolate signals carried by waves. The design shown by the PACTEL Corp. patent can not provide this functionality in millimeter wavebands. In addition, the invention does not make use of rotary phase differential shifters in the antenna feed. Only one servomechanism is used to carry out the mechanical rotation of the antenna input. The diversity of the antenna that does not require mechanical rotation is used. In addition, the openg range of the system, according to the invention, is located at higher frequencies, especially above 10 GHz. The communication system, according to this invention, includes an adaptive receiver capable of restoring the circular polarization of the elliptically polarized waves. According to a preferred embodiment of this invention, the adaptive receiver includes an electromechanically driven antenna with an orthogonal mode feeding that receives the double rotation waves. The components of each of the waves enters each of the two channels. The frequency of the signals in the channels can be reduced to an intermediate frequency (IF). If the received waves are elliptical, the signals in the channel corresponding to the excitation aligned with the main axes of the counter-rotating waves will have a greater magnitude than the signals in the channel corresponding to the excitation aligned with the minor axis of the waves. Each channel of preference has automatic gain control circuits to equalize the magnitude of the signals in the channels. The portions of the signals in each channel undergo a phase shift of ± 90 ° and combine with signals from other channels to isolate a rotary signal from the other rotary signal. A phase detector can detect the quadre loss between the two channels and emit a signal to a servomotor that rotates the orthogonal feed of the antenna to align the power with the major and minor axes of the signals. According to a preferred embodiment of this invention, a switch of the diversity control of the antenna controls a plurality of antennas to track the incident signal. The diversity control switch samples the signal strength in each channel during the IF stage and selects an antenna with sufficient signal strength. Because the feeds of the selected antenna may not be precisely aligned with the major and minor axes of the rotary signals, an electronic phase shifter can provide quadrature control between the signals in the two channels. If necessary, automatic gain control amplifiers can restore channel signals for circular polarization. The first rotary signal can be isolated from the second rotary signal by phase shifting a portion of each signal and recombining the shifted phase portion with the other signal. The two isolated signals can be demodulated according to the modulation method used by the transmitter. The tracking of the local oscillator can be incorporated in the IF stage using appropriate filtering and synchronized phase cycle circuits. The use of a plurality of antennas and a variety of switches eliminates the components of the movement and is particularly suitable for implementation with monolithic integrated circuits. This preferred embodiment is especially suitable where a small size and low energy consumption is desired. According to another preferred embodiment of this invention, a control center of a communication system transmits two circular or elliptically polarized waves over a substantial azimuth area to a number of subscribers, each with a transceiver to receive the signals. The transceiver antenna has relatively high directionality. The subscriber can transmit a signal back to the control center. Because the antenna has relatively high directionality, the substantial steering gain can be achieved in a manner that requires relatively minimal energy to transmit the signal to the control center. The return signal can be used in the control center to select certain programming or adjust the power level of the transmission of the control center to compensate for the fading caused by precipitation and / or obstacles. In general terms, the purpose of the design implementation is to provide an effective means to reuse the frequency and isolate the signal in millimeter wave and higher frequency microwave frequency bands for multi-functional communication applications that include multiple users. In these frequencies, the electromagnetic wave may suffer reflections on flat surfaces, but its polarization state is affected by reflection and also by precipitation. The double polarization state is affected by reflections and also by precipitation. Dual polarization schemes that include vertical and horizontal polarizations are limited by the cross-polarization coupling effected by those elements in the propagation process. The invention employs double circular polarization waves (clockwise and counterclockwise), which exhibit better immunity to the cross-polarization coupling effects of the elements. A circularly polarized wave can become elliptically polarized after propagating through the medium. To affectively isolate two waves elliptically polarized with opposite directions of rotation, it is necessary to make special arrangements for the reception of the antenna or antennas and the electronic circuits in the receiver. There are previous designs aimed at isolating a circularly polarized wave from a linearly polarized wave or isolating two circularly polarized waves. These are effective for such applications, but are deficient to handle elliptically polarized waves with inclined axes for the ellipse. Our design uses special antennas together with adaptive electronic circuits to isolate elliptically polarized waves. It should be noted that, according to a primary embodiment of the invention, the system for communications can also be provided to implement only a first rotary wave, as is the case for the corresponding method indicated in the foregoing. This implementation transmits a single circular / elliptically polarized wave. This kind of wave can be received and processed with simpler arrangements compared to those proposed to receive or receive [sic] double polarization waves.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS These and other objects and features of this invention will be better understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the drawings in which: Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view of a single-to-multiple transmission system; points according to a preferred embodiment of this invention; Figure 2 is a block diagram of the transceiver according to a preferred embodiment of this invention; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a portion of a transceiver according to a preferred embodiment of this invention, and Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a portion of a transceiver according to another preferred embodiment of this invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS As used throughout the specification and the claims, the phrases millimeter waves and millimeter wave frequencies refer to electromagnetic radiation of relatively high frequency, particularly frequencies above 18 GHz. A communications system Electromagnetic that uses double polarization for signal transmission can effectively double the capacity of a channel. However, at millimeter wave frequencies, cross polarization and fading effects due to precipitation limit two-way communications using polarization diversity. For example, rain, snow or fog can attenuate and / or depolarize these waves. In addition, in an urban environment, buildings, trees and other obstacles can also attenuate and / or depolarize these millimeter waves. These effects are particularly noticeable when an optical path link is not available. The method and apparatus for communications with electromagnetic waves, in accordance with this invention, includes circuits for the restoration and isolation of the signal that achieve a communications system that can operate effectively at millimeter wave frequencies with polarization diversity in an urban environment. . The method and apparatus, in accordance with this invention, achieves such a communications system in the millimeter wave band with considerable cost effectiveness. Figure 1 shows a diagrammatic view of a two-way transmission system from a point to multiple points, according to a preferred embodiment of this invention. The control center 10 preferably transmits simultaneously two circular or elliptically polarized waves that rotate in opposite directions with respect to each other. If the effect of depolarization of the medium is not severe, a combination of linear and circular / elliptical polarization can be used. According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, a single rotating circularly polarized wave provides sufficient channel capacity, and the control center transmits only a circular / elliptical polarized wave. When two circularly polarized waves rotate in opposite directions, one with respect to the other, they are reflected or diffracted in most of the objects in an outdoor environment, such as building 26 or building 28, or when these waves encounter precipitation as the precipitation zone 30, the sense of relative rotation of the waves is preserved, however, the waves can become polarized in elliptical form. Because the same depolarizing medium acts on each wave, the axes of the ellipse of the first rotating wave will remain very closely aligned with the corresponding axes of the ellipse of the second rotating wave. With the receiver, according to a preferred embodiment of this invention, as described in more detail below, these elliptical waves can be restored to circularly polarized and isolated waves, thereby eliminating the potentially disastrous effects on the waves of the precipitation and reflection / diffraction with obstacles. The control center 20 can transmit to the subscriber 22 and / or subscriber 24, in multiple channels, programs that have a variety of content and signal formats. The control center may also receive signals from the subscriber 22 and / or subscriber 24 and perform the switching and allocation of the available channels according to the needs of the subscriber 22 and / or the subscriber 24. The control center 20 preferably it contains an antenna with a substantial diversity in its radiation pattern, particularly with respect to azimuth coverage. Although full circular polarization in all directions may not be possible, elliptical polarization with relatively moderate eccentricity over a substantial distribution area is feasible. The precipitation zone 30, building 26 or building 28 can modify the polarization of the signals in the two-way path 32 and / or the two-way path 34. If the eccentricity in the ellipse prescribed by the field vector does not is substantial, for example, less than about 0.97, the two rotating signals in each of the two-way paths 32 and the two-way path 34 may be discriminated with the receiver in accordance with this invention. In relatively extreme circumstances, each rotary signal can achieve linear polarization along the same direction as a result of reflection at an angle of incidence close to the Brewster angle. Under these circumstances, an alternative signal path may be chosen or, if an alternative signal path is not available, an additional control center 20 or a relay station may be installed. Because the placement of the additional control center 20 or the relay station is determined by the intensity of the signal and / or degradation of the specific polarization for a given medium, the method and apparatus for electromagnetic communications, in accordance with this invention. , differs from conventional cellular distribution systems. These conventional systems use a regular pattern of cells with a fixed cell area to cover a subscription area. Depending on the necessary radiation pattern, the control center 20 may have more than one antenna. According to another preferred embodiment of this invention, separate antennas are used that are aligned to overlap in an optimal coverage to transmit and receive respectively. As shown in Figure 2, the combiner 46 can accept signals from the antenna 41 and the transmitter 42 simultaneously. The controller 50 preferably coordinates the functions of the receiver or the transceiver and can provide allocation of channels or other services. Because all the power elements have finite isolation of the signal, a portion of the signal of the transmitter 42 is preferably injected into the isolator of the signal 48 for proper cancellation of the signal, so that the sensitivity of the receiver is can keep close to its intrinsic value. Additional isolation of the signal can be achieved by dedicating specific channels only to receive, and through the use of filter networks and synchronous detection. The demodulator 40 and the modulator 44 can utilize broad spectrum modulation techniques or any other modulation technique known to those skilled in the art, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the subscriber 22 and / or the subscriber 24 use a highly directional antenna. By using a suitable reflector and excitations or microstrip arrays, beam amplitudes can be achieved such as -3 dB, smaller than about 5 ° with an antenna having a smaller diameter of about 12 inches, at frequencies around 28 GHz. This antenna usually eliminates fading due to the propagation of multiple trajectories. In addition, a return signal from the subscriber 22 to the control center 20 can be transmitted by re-tracking the signal transmitted from the control center 20 to the subscriber 22. The reciprocal nature of the forward and backward wave propagation process it ensures the conservation of the direction of polarization between the signals and guarantees a return path to the control center 20 if the subscriber 22 has sufficient power. Because the subscriber antenna 22 is highly directive, substantial managerial gain can be achieved so that the power needed for subscriber signal 22 towards the center of control 20 can be less than 100 milliwatts and thus within the range of solid state amplifiers. In addition to providing communications for the control center 20, the control center 20 can use the return signal from the subscriber 22 to adjust the power level of the transmitter to compensate for fading, if necessary. The modulation and demodulation of a multi-channel signal can be achieved by an array of modulators and demodulators with frequency tracking capabilities. Figure 3 shows a schematic view of a portion of the adaptive receiver of a transceiver, according to a preferred embodiment of this invention. The antenna 41 can receive two waves that rotate in opposite directions with respect to each other. According to a preferred embodiment of this invention, the antenna 41 comprises an orthogonal mode power supply. The components of each of the two waves enter channel 56 and channel 58. Oscillator 64 and mixers 60, 62 reduce the signal frequencies in channels 56, 58 to an intermediate frequency (IF). If the signals on channel 56 and channel 58 have an equivalent magnitude, the signals are derived from circular polarized waves. If elliptical polarized signals are received, the signal in the channel corresponding to the feed of the antenna 41 aligned with the major axis of the ellipse will have a magnitude greater than the signal in the channel corresponding to the power supply of the antenna 41 which is aligns with the minor axis of the ellipse. The automatic gain control amp 66 and the automatic gain control amp 68 are preferably electrically coupled to the differential amplifier 73 via the diodes 71, 70, respectively. The automatic gain control amplifiers 66 and 68 preferably operate almost identical to each other and thus can roughly equalize the amplitude of the signals in the channels 56, 58. The channels 56, 58, preferably are electrically coupled to the receiver. phase 88 through the limiter 84 and the limiter 86. The phase detector 88 outputs a signal to the motor 90 through the amplifier 89 as a function of a phase difference between the signals of channel 56 and the signals of channel 58. The motor 90 may be a servo motor that conforms to the antenna 41 as a function of the signal of the phase detector 88. A quadrature relationship can be restored to the signals on the channels 56, 58 by rotating the feeds in orthogonal mode of the antenna 41 with the major and minor axes of the ellipses of the rotary signals. Because the two waves that rotate in opposite directions, one with respect to the other, are absorbed by each antenna feed in orthogonal mode, the components of each of the rotating waves exist in each channel 56 and channel 58. The receiver , in accordance with a preferred embodiment of this invention, isolates one of the rotating waves from one of the channels 56, 58 and the other rotating wave from the other channel 56, 58. An example of how this is achieved is as follows .

According to a preferred embodiment of this invention, two vector electric components of a first wave that rotate in a particular direction can be identified as C and jC, where j = + 90 °. Thus, the phase of vector jC gives rise to the phase of vector C by 90 °. The two electrical components of the vector of a second wave that rotates in the opposite direction with respect to the first wave can be identified as D y -jD, where -j = -90 °. In this way, the vector phase -jD delays the phase of vector D by 90 °. Suppose that component C of the first wave and component D of the second wave are absorbed by the cable corresponding to channel 56. Also suppose that the component jC of the first wave and the component -jD of the second wave are absorbed by the cable corresponding to channel 58. Channel 58, after being reduced to an IF, is divided into a second channel designated by reference number 58 ', as shown in figure 3. One half of the signal consisting of the components jC and -jD will enter the channel 58 and will be displaced in the phase + 90 ° by the phase shifter 75. After the phase shift, the phases of the components in the channel 58 'will be: jC 90 ° = -C , and -jD Z 90 ° = D. Thus, after the phase shifter 75 has acted on the signal in channel 58 '. The signal components of the channel 58 'that enter the power combiner 78 are -C and D. The power combiner 78 combines the components C and D of the channel 58' with the components D and D in the channel 56. The component C of channel 56 and component -C of channel 58 'cancel each other out, leaving only one signal on channel 56 which is the rotating wave designated as D.

In a similar manner, the rotating wave designated C is isolated in channel 58. One half of the components C and D of channel 56 enters channel 56 '. The phase shifter 76 displaces the phases of the components C and D + 90 °. Therefore, D Z 90 ° = jC and D Z 90 ° = jD. The power combiner 80 combines the components jC and jD of the channel 56 'with the components jC and -jD of the channel 58. The components jD of the channel 56 cancel the components -jD of the channel 58 leaving only the rotating wave designated as C in the channel 58 The isolated signals on the channels 56, 58 following the power combiners 78, 80 are independent and can be demodulated according to the modulation method used by the control center 20. A filter and the PLL circuit 82 can be used. to track the local oscillator 64 and for synchronous demodulation if necessary.

Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram of the receiving portion of a transceiver according to another preferred embodiment of this invention. The receiver shown in Figure 4 uses antenna diversity control 100 to select from a plurality of antennas 41. The power combiner 99 receives a portion of the signals from channel 56 and channel 58. As a function of a magnitude of the signal of the power combiner 99 or a difference in phase between the signals of the channel 56 of the signals on the channel 58, the control of the diversity of the antennas selects a specific antenna 41 that provides sufficient signal strength.

Because the relationship between the feeds of each of the antennas and the ellipses of the rotating waves are arbitrary, the signals on channel 56 may not be square with the signals on channel 58. In this way, the quadrature control according to this invention can be used to restore quadrature between the signals on the channel 56 and the signals on the channel 58. According to a preferred embodiment of this invention, the multiplier 88 receives the components of the signals on channels 56 and 58. The output signal of the multiplier 88 is fed to the electronic phase shifter 104 by means of the amplifier 89. The electronic phase shifter 104 restores the quadrature relationship between the signals on channel 56 and the signals in channel 58. According to another preferred embodiment of this invention, a pair of quadrature controls, such as a pair of electronic phase shifters, can be used to to restore the square.

The receiver shown in Figure 4 does not require moving parts. This is an important factor. This design can be implemented with monolithic integrated circuits.

The intermediate frequency amplifiers 65, 67 can increase the magnitude of the signals in the channels 56, 58. As in the receiver shown schematically in Figure 3, the signals in the channels 56, 58 can be restored to the circular polarization by the automatic gain control amplifiers 66, 68. The rotating waves can be isolated from each other with phase shifters 75, 76 and power combiners 78, 80. The power dividers 92, 94 can provide a portion of the signals on the channels 56, 58 to the filter and to the PLL circuit 82 for tracking the local oscillator 64 and the synchronous demodulation.

Although the aforementioned specification this invention has been described in connection with certain preferred embodiments thereof and many details have been established for purposes of illustration, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is susceptible to additional modalities and that certain details described in the present they can vary considerably without departing from the basic principles of the invention.

Claims (23)

1. CLAIMS A method for electromagnetic wave communications consisting of the steps of: transmitting a first rotating wave; receiving the first rotary wave, wherein the components of the first rotary wave enter a first channel and a second channel; and isolating the first rotational wave of at least the first channel or the second channel, wherein the first channel is divided into a primary path of the first channel and a secondary path of the first channel, the second channel being divided into a primary path of the first channel. second channel and a secondary path of the second channel; move a first phase of the secondary path of the first channel and combine the first displaced phase with the primary path of the second channel, and move a second phase of the secondary path of the second channel and combine the second displaced phase with the primary path of the first channel .
2. A method for communications with electromagnetic waves consisting of the steps of: transmitting a first rotating wave and a second rotating wave simultaneously, wherein the second rotating wave rotates against the first rotating wave; receiving the first rotary wave and the second rotary wave, wherein the components (C, jC) of the first rotary wave and the components (D; -jD) of the second rotary wave enter a first channel and a second channel; and isolating by at least a first rotary wave or second rotary wave of at least the first channel or the second channel, wherein the first channel is divided into a primary path of the first channel and a secondary path of the first channel, the second channel it is divided into a primary path of the second channel and a secondary path of the second channel, a first phase of the secondary path of the first channel is shifted and combined with the primary path of the second channel, and a second phase of the secondary path of the second channel it moves and combines with the primary path of the first channel.
3. The method, according to claims 1 or 2, further comprises detecting a difference between a first magnitude of the first channel and a second magnitude of the second channel and the equalization of the first magnitude and the second magnitude.
4. The method, according to claims 1 or 2 further comprises reducing a first frequency of the first channel to a reduced first frequency and reducing a second frequency of the second channel to a second reduced frequency.
5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first reduced frequency is equivalent to the second reduced frequency.
6. The method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first phase moves around 90 ° and / or where the second phase moves around 90 °.
7. The method according to claim 1 or 2 further comprises calculating a first phase difference value between a first phase of the first channel and a second phase of the second channel and the emission of a signal of the phase difference as a function. of the phase difference.
8. The method, according to claim 7 further, consists in adjusting an antenna feed as a function of the signal of the phase difference.
9. The method, according to claims 1 6 2 further comprises detecting a first phase of the first channel and detecting a second phase of the second channel, and adjusting a first phase and a second phase to ensure a phase difference of predetermined between the first phase and the second phase.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the predetermined phase difference is about 90 °.
11. The method according to claim 9, wherein the electronic phase shifter adjusts a first phase or a second phase to ensure a predetermined phase difference between the first phase and the second phase.
12. 12. The method according to claim 1 or 2 further comprises calculating a phase difference value between a first phase of the first channel and a second phase of the second channel., and selecting at least one of the plurality of antenna feeds as a function of the value of the phase difference.
13. 13. The method according to claim 1 or 2 further comprises selecting at least one of a plurality of antenna feeds as a function of a first magnitude of the first channel and a second magnitude of the second channel.
14. 14. The method according to claims 1 6 2 consists of transmitting the first rotary wave and the second rotary wave from an interactive transmission station and receiving the first rotary wave and the second rotary wave through a plurality of interactive receiving stations.
15. The method according to claim 14 further comprises at least one of the interactive receiving stations that transmits a first signal to the interactive transmission station as a function of at least a first rotary wave or a second rotary wave.
16. 16. A system for communications with electromagnetic waves consisting of: the transmission medium to transmit a first rotating wave; the receiving means for receiving the first rotary wave, wherein the components (C; jC) of the first rotary wave enter a first channel and a second channel, wherein the first channel is divided into a primary path of the first channel and a secondary path of the first channel, the second channel is divided into a primary path of the second channel and a secondary path of the second channel; the isolation means for isolating at least one first rotational wave of at least the first channel or the second channel; and the first phase shifting means and the first combining means for shifting and respectively combining a first phase of the secondary path of the first channel with the primary path of the second channel and the second phase shifting means and the second combination means to displace and respectively combine a second phase of the secondary path of the second channel with the primary path of the first channel.
17. A communications system with electromagnetic waves consisting of: the transmission means for transmitting a first rotating wave and a second rotating wave simultaneously, wherein the second rotating wave rotates against the first rotating wave; the receiving means for receiving the first rotary wave and the second rotary wave; wherein, the components (C; jC) of the first rotary wave and the components (D; -jD) of the second rotary wave enter a first channel and a second channel; wherein the first channel is divided into a primary path of the first channel and a secondary path of the first channel; the second channel is divided into a primary path of the second channel and a secondary path of the second channel; the isolation means for isolating at least the first rotary wave or the second rotary wave from at least the first channel or the second channel; and the first phase shifting means and the first combining means for shifting and respectively combining a first phase of the secondary path of the first channel with the primary path of the second channel and the second phase shifting means and the second combination means to displace and respectively combine a second phase of the secondary path of the second channel with the primary path of the first channel.
18. The system according to one of claims 16 or 17, further consists of the detection means for detecting a difference between a first quantity of the first channel and a second quantity of the second channel, and equalizing the first quantity and the second quantity.
19. The system according to one of claims 16 or 18 further consists of the calculation means for calculating a value of the phase difference between a first phase of the first channel and a second phase of the second channel, and emitting a signal of the phase difference as a function of the value of the phase difference.
20. 20. The system, according to claim 19, further comprises in the adjustment means for adjusting an antenna feed as a function of the signal of the phase difference.
21. The system, according to one of claims 16 to 20, further consists of another first and second respective detection means for detecting a first phase of the first channel and detecting a second phase of the second channel and adjusting a first phase or a second phase. second phase to ensure a predetermined phase difference between the first phase and the second phase.
22. 22. The system according to one of claims 16 to 21 further comprises another calculation means and the respective selection means for calculating respectively a value of the phase difference between a first phase of the first channel and a second phase of the first phase of the first channel. second channel and selecting at least one of a plurality of antenna feeds as a function of the value of the phase difference.
23. 23. The system according to one of claims 16 to 22 further comprises another selection means for selecting at least one of a plurality of antenna feeds as a function of a first magnitude of the first channel and a second magnitude of the second channel.