MXPA97006803A - Method and devices for the control of lacontamination in combustion engines internaciclica with chamber of combustion independie - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a process for controlling contamination of a cyclical internal combustion engine with an independent combustion chamber with constant volume, in which the compression chamber, the combustion chamber and the expansion chamber They consist of three separate and completely independent parts that allow each of the three elements to be assigned to the function assigned to them without interfering with each other, where the combustion takes place in an isolated independent chamber with constant volume, which can be also be equipped by an expansion control system that allows to improve the performance of the engine characterized because, during operation at low power - for example in the urban circulation for a vehicle soequipped: the fuel injector is no longer controlled during filling of the combustion chamber with a constant volume and that the latter is thus in each cyclone or, filled with pure air compressed at elevated temperature, a small amount of air (or any other gas) is introduced by any suitable means, sensibly after the intake of compressed air from the engine compressor, into the combustion chamber. ), which comes from an external container in which the air (or any other gas) is stored under very high pressure, at room temperature, and expands at a pressure slightly higher than that which prevails in the combustion chamber. allow it to be transferred, this small amount of additional air will be heated by contact with the hot compressed air already contained in the combustion chamber, dilate and increase in a sensible way the initial pressure in the combustion chamber, to allow drying afterwards. the expansion a sufficient power motor work

Description

METHOD AND DEVICES FOR CONTROL OF POLLUTION IN INTERNAL CYCLIC COMBUSTION ENGINES INDEPENDENT COMBUSTION CHAMBER The invention relates to a method and devices for the control of pollution in cyclical internal combustion engines with independent combustion chamber and with constant volume. In a cyclic internal combustion engine process with independent combustion chamber and constant volume, the compression chamber, the combustion chamber and the expansion chamber constitute three separate and completely independent parts that allow each of the three elements to be adapted to the function to which it is intended without interfering with one another, possibly equipped with an expansion control system that makes it possible to match the maximum expansion pressure with a rotation angle of the crankshaft that allows a great tangential effort, improving more the general performance of this type of engine. However, during operation in urban areas, especially on cars, the engine consumes more fuel, so that even if they decrease in very important proportions, pollutant emissions still remain. The procedure followed by the invention allows these emissions of pollutant gases to be completely suppressed, especially in urban circulation, when the engine demands little power. It is characterized by the means employed, and more particularly by the fact that during low power operation, the fuel injector is no longer controlled and that in that case, it is introduced into the combustion chamber, by any suitable means - substantially after the admission into the latter of compressed air (without fuel) that comes from the engine compressor - a small amount of additional air that comes from an external container in which the air (or any other gas) is stored under very high pressure; this small amount of compressed air, and at room temperature, will heat up on contact with the mass of hot air contained in the combustion chamber, expand and increase in a sensible way the pressure in the combustion chamber, to allow it to be freed-shipped during the expansion, a motor work of sufficient power to operate, for example, a vehicle in urban circulation. The arrangement of the additional amount of air injected will condition the power released. It is also characterized by the fact that the engine is equipped with a high-pressure compressor, which will be engaged during decelerations or during high-power operation, in order to recharge the external container with compressed air at very high pressure, thus improving autonomy. of pollution control operation. It is therefore understood the operation of the engine following the invention that can thus operate at low power, in urban area, without emission of polluting gases and instantly, on demand, can produce powers compatible with normal use on the road, and that the fuel injection will be controlled and the additional air injector will not be any more. The amount of additional air injected, the injection means, the storage mode of the compressed air, the gas used, the filling means of the storage container - by on-board compressor operating during deceleration and braking or in road operation, and / or in the pump of the specially equipped service stations or, also by replacement of the storage bottle - can vary without changing the principle of the invention. The invention is particularly applicable to cyclical internal combustion engines with independent combustion chamber at constant volume, especially in urban use on vehicles, as well as for any other motor application. It also applies to conventional internal combustion engines.

Other objects, advantages and characteristics of the invention will be apparent upon reading the description, in a non-limiting manner, of many embodiments, made with respect to the accompanying drawings wherein: Figure 1 represents, seen in cross-section, a modality embodiment of the invention applied to an internal combustion engine with independent combustion chamber at constant volume at the high dead center of the main piston at the end of the exhaust. Figure 2 represents the same engine at the beginning of the expansion. Figure 3 represents a synoptic diagram of the installation on the vehicle. Figures 1 and 2 represent an embodiment of the method according to the invention applied to a cyclic internal combustion engine with an independent combustion chamber at constant volume where the combustion chamber 1 is fed by a stop capacity 2 of compressed air maintained at a pressure substantially constant, also fed by a compressor through a duct 3. A duct 4 whose opening and lock are controlled by a valve 5 joins the regulating capacity 2 with the independent combustion chamber 1 and has a fuel injector 6 intended to perform the air-fuel mixture sensibly before its introduction into the combustion chamber 1 where it will be inflamed. An expansion cylinder 7 is equipped by a main piston 8 connected by a connecting rod 9 to the crank arm of a crankshaft 10, and of a secondary opposing piston 11 whose movement is controlled here by a cam 12 - the latter being driven by the crankshaft 10 - so that it will accompany the main piston 8 in a part of its downward course in order to allow the initial expansion pressure to coincide - from the opening of the channel 14, through the valve 15, which joins the combustion chamber to the expansion chamber 16 - in a minimum volume, with the angles of rotation of the crankshaft and the inclination of the connecting rod that allow to obtain a tangential force of optimum expansion. An additional compressed air nozzle 22, which follows the invention, is implanted in the combustion chamber 1, and is fed, through a decompressor, by a bottle of compressed air 23 (or any other compatible gas) of low storage high pressure. In low power operation, according to the invention, when the engine is in high dead center of the expansion cylinder, Figure 1, the combustion chamber 1 comes to be insulated and contains a mass of hot compressed air, pure, without fuel - no the fuel injector 6 being controlled. The additional air injector 22 is open and introduces into the chamber a small amount of additional air mass, coming from the storage bottle under high pressure 23, reduces the pressure under a pressure slightly higher than that prevailing in the combustion chamber, to allow transferring it; this additional air mass will be heated by contact with the compressed air contained in the chamber, dilate and increase the initial pressure substantially in order to allow a work to be produced during the opening, Figure 2, of the channel 14 and it expands in the chamber of expansion. In view of the excellent performance of the represented motor group, the amount of additional air will be very little and will condition the power released. The means for injecting additional air into the combustion chamber may vary without changing the principle of the invention, however an electromechanical injector such as fuel injectors that may be more easily administered, especially in expense, by electronic boarding will be preferred. FIG. 3 shows a block diagram of an installation of the method according to the invention on a vehicle, where the storage container for additional compressed air under high pressure 23A is equipped on the one hand with a filling orifice "to the pump" 24 equally by an auxiliary filling hole 25 fed by a small on-board high-pressure compressor 26 to be operated by a clutch system 27 during decelerations and braking, thus allowing to provide an excellent motor brake to the vehicle, and also during operation on high power road. This provision has the advantage of considerably increasing the operating autonomy without contamination. It goes without saying that the conception of the container, the air injector, the high-pressure compressor, its clutch, the filling valves and other anti-return flaps can vary without thereby changing the principle of the invention that is not limited by the embodiments described and represented and is susceptible to numerous variants accessible to the technician, according to the planned applications, without deviating from his spirit.

Claims (6)

1. Pollution control procedure of a cyclical internal combustion engine with independent combustion chamber with constant volume, in which, the compression chamber, the combustion chamber and the expansion chamber are constituted of three separate and completely independent parts that allow thus adapting each of the three elements to the intended function without interfering with one another, where the combustion takes place in an isolated independent chamber with constant volume, which can also be equipped with an expansion control system that allows to improve the performance of the engine characterized because, during the operation at low power - for example in the urban circulation for a vehicle thus equipped: The fuel injector is no longer controlled during the filling of the combustion chamber with constant volume and that The latter is thus in each cycle, filled with pure air comp rimido at elevated temperature. It is introduced, by any suitable means - appreciably after the intake of compressed air from the engine compressor, in the combustion chamber - a small amount of air (or any other gas), which comes from an external container in which the air is stored ( or any other gas) under very high pressure, at room temperature, and it expands to a pressure slightly higher than that which reigns in the combustion chamber to allow its transfer. - This small amount of additional air is heated to the contact of the hot compressed air already contained in the combustion chamber, dilate, and significantly increase the initial pressure in the combustion chamber, to allow a work to be extracted after the expansion enough power motor.

2. Motor pollution control method according to claim 1, characterized in that the engine is equipped with an attached high-pressure compressor, which will be put into operation during decelerations or braking of the vehicle as well as in operation at high power when the injector of the fuel is controlled, thus allowing to improve the operating autonomy of pollution control.

3. Device for employing the method of pollution control according to claim 1 applied to a cyclic internal combustion engine with independent combustion chamber at constant volume where the combustion chamber (1) is powered by a capacity stop (2) of air compressed maintained at a substantially constant pressure, through a conduit (4) whose opening and lock are controlled by a valve (5), which has an electromechanical fuel injector (6) intended to perform the air-fuel mixture substantially earlier of its introduction into the combustion chamber and where an expansion cylinder (7) is equipped by a main piston (8) connected by a connecting rod (9) to the arm of a crankshaft (10), and of a secondary piston (11) opposite mounted whose movement is controlled in such a way that accompanies the main piston on a part of its downward course in order to allow matching the opening of a n channel (14), by means of a valve (15), which joins the combustion chamber to the expansion chamber - in a minimum volume, with the angles of rotation of the crankshaft and the inclination of the connecting rod that allow the average tangential force to be obtained of optimum expansion characterized in that an electromechanical air injector (22) fed through a decompressor is implanted in the combustion chamber (1) by means of a compressed air storage container (23) under very high pressure. In operation at low power in urban use of a vehicle for example - the fuel injector (6), will not be controlled, and after having admitted into the chamber a load of hot compressed air contained in the top capacity (2), the air injector (22) will be operated in order to admit a small amount of additional air at room temperature, which will be heated to the contact of the hot air already contained in the combustion chamber, will expand and increase the pressure in order of allowing to produce an engine work and the pressure in the expansion chamber will be reduced from the opening of the channel that joins the latter to the combustion chamber (1). Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the additional compressed air storage container (23 or 23A) has a filling hole with non-return valve that allows the compressed air - or another gas - to be renewed under very high pressure directly on the vehicle with a specially equipped "pump". Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the storage container (23 or 23A) has an auxiliary filling hole supplied by a very high pressure compressor on board (26) that will be put into operation by means of a clutch (27) or any other medium during decelerations or braking of the vehicle, thus improving the engine brake, as well as when the engine runs at high power on the road, in order to improve the operational autonomy without contaminating. 6. Procedure for controlling the contamination of an internal combustion engine characterized by the fact that during low-power operation, the fuel injector is no longer controlled and that in that case, it is introduced into the combustion chamber, by means of any suitable means, sensibly after the admission in the latter of compressed hot air without fuel obtained after the compression cycle of the engine, a small amount of air or any other additional gas coming from an external container in which the air or any other gas is stored under very high pressure at room temperature, this air or any other gas is heated at the contact of the mass of hot air contained in the combustion chamber, dilates and significantly increases the pressure in the combustion chamber, to allow to release after the expansion, a motor work of sufficient power to operate, for example, a vehicle in urban circulation.