MXPA97004806A

MXPA97004806A - Biodegradable polymers, the preparation of the mysteries and the use of the mysteries for production of molded parts biodegradab

Info

Publication number: MXPA97004806A
Application number: MXPA/A/1997/004806A
Authority: MX
Inventors: Warzelhan Volker
Original assignee: Basf Ag 67063 Ludwigshafen De
Priority date: 1995-01-13
Filing date: 1997-06-26
Publication date: 1998-07-03

Abstract

The present invention relates to the biodegradable polyesteramides P1 obtainable by reacting a mixture consisting essentially of (a) a mixture consisting essentially of 35 to 95% of adipic acid or molar forming derivatives thereof or mixtures thereof, 5 to 65 % of terephthalic acid or mole-forming derivatives of the same or mixtures thereof, and 0 to 5% of a compound containing molar sulfonate groups, wherein the total of the individual molar percentages is 100 mole percent, and (a2) ) a mixture consisting essentially of (a21) from 99.5 percent to 0.5 mole percent of a dihydroxy compound selected from the group consisting of alkanediols of 2 to 6 carbon atoms and cycloalkanediols of 5 to 10 carbon atoms, (a22) ) from 0.5 percent to 99.5 mole percent of an amino-C2-C12-alkanol or an amino-C5-C10-cycloalkanol, and (a23) from 0 percent to 50 mole percent of a-C1-C8-diamido- alkane, (a24) of 0 per c to 50 mole percent of a 2,2'-biaoxazoline of the general formula I: wherein R 1 is a group of alkylene (CH 2) q of a single bond with q = 2, 3 or 4, or a phenylene group , where the total of the individual molar percentages is 100 mole percent, and where the molar ratio of (a1) to (a2) is selected within the scale of 0.4: 1 to 1.5: 1, with the exception of that the polyesteramides P1 have a molecular weight (Mn) within the range of 4,000 to 40,000 grams per mole, a number of viscosity within the range of 30 to 350 grams per milliliter that is measured in o-dichlorobenzene / phenol (ratio in weight of 50/50), at a concentration of 0.5 percent by weight of polyesteramides P1 at 25øC), and a melting temperature within the range of 50øC to 220øC, and with the additional proviso that from 0 percent to 5 mole percent, based on the molar amount of the component (a1) used, of a compound of at least three groups capable of forming ester. used to prepare the polyesteramides P1, and other biodegradable polymers and thermoplastic molding compositions, processes for the preparation thereof, the use thereof to produce biodegradable molded parts and adhesives, biodegradable molded parts, foams and mixtures with starch obtainable from the polymers and molding compositions according to the invention

Description

"BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS, THE PREPARATION OF THEM AND THE USE OF THEM FOR PRODUCTION OF MOLDED PARTS BIODEGRADABLES " The present invention relates to biodegradable polyesterates Pl obtainable by reacting a mixture consisting essentially of (a) a mixture consisting essentially of 35 to 95% of adipic acid or molar ester derivative thereof or mixtures thereof, 5 to 65% of terephthalic acid or ester-forming molar derivatives thereof or mixtures thereof, and 0 to 5% of a compound containing molar sulfonate groups, wherein the total of the individual molar percentages is 100 percent molar, and (a2) a mixture consisting essentially of (a21) of 99.5 percent to 0.5 mole percent of a dihydroxy compound selected from the group consisting of alkanediols of 2 to 6 carbon atoms and cycloalkanediols of 5 to 10 carbon atoms, (a22) from 0.5 percent to 99.5 percent molar of an amino-C2-Ci2-alkanol ° an amino-C5-C] _o ~ cycloalkanol, and (a23) from 0 percent to 50 percent molar of a diamino-Ci-Cg-a lcano, (a24) from 0 percent to 50 mole percent of a 2, 2'-bisoxazoline of the general formula I wherein R ^ is a single bond, an alkylene group (CH2.q with q = 2, 3 or 4, or a phenylene group wherein the total of the individual molar percentages is 100 mole percent, and where the molar ratio of (al) to (a2) is selected within the scale of 0.4: 1 to 1.5: 1, with the proviso that the polyester tetraides have a molecular weight (Mn) within the range of 4,000 to 40,000 grams per mole, a viscosity number within the range of 30 to 350 grams per milliliter (which is measured in o-dichlorobenzene / phenol (weight ratio 50/50) at a concentration of 0.5 percent by weight of polyesteramide Pl at 25 ° C) and a melting temperature within the range of 50 ° C to 220 ° C, and with the additional condition that from 0 percent to 5 mole percent, based on the molar amount of the component (at ) used, of a compound D with at least three groups capable of ester formation, are used to prepare the polyesteramides Pl. The invention furthermore relates to polymers and thermoplastic molding compositions as claimed, in the dependent claims, processes for the. preparation thereof, the use thereof to produce biodegradable molded parts and adhesives, moldable biodegradable foamed parts and mixtures with starch obtainable from the polymers and the molding compositions, according to the invention. Polymers that are biodegradable, that is to say, that decompose under environmental influences in an appropriate and demonstrable time interval, have been known for some time. This degradation is usually carried out by hydrolysis and / or oxidation, but predominantly by the action of microorganisms such as bacteria, yeasts, fungi and algae. Y. To iwa and T. Suzuki (Nature, 270 (1911) 76-78) describe the enzymatic degradation of aliphatic polyesters, for example, including polyesters based on sulphinic acid and aliphatic diols. Patent Number EP-A 565,235 describes the aliphatic copolyesters containing groups of [-NH-C (0) 0-] (urethane units). The copolyesters of Patent Number EP-A 565,235 are obtained by reacting a prepolyester, which is obtained by reacting essentially succinic acid and an aliphatic diol, with a diisocyanate, preferably hexamethylene diisocyanate. The reaction with the diisocyanate is necessary according to Patent Number EP-A 565,235 because the polycondensation alone results in only polymers in molecular weights such that they exhibit unsatisfactory mechanical properties. A crucial disadvantage is the use of succinic acid or ester derivative thereof to prepare the copolyesters, because succinic acid and derivatives thereof are expensive and can not be obtained in adequate quantity on the market. further, polyesters prepared using succinic acid as the only acidic component degrade only extremely slowly. Patent Number WO 92/13019 discloses copolyesters based predominantly on aromatic dicarboxylic acids and aliphatic diols, wherein at least 85 mole percent of the polyester tetra-diol residue comprises a terephthalic acid residue. The hydrophilicity of the copolyester is increased and the crystallinity is reduced by modifications such as incorporation up to 2.5 mole percent of 5-sulfoisophthalic acid metal salts or short chain ether diol segments, such as diethylene glycol. This is mentioned in Patent Number WO 92/13019 for manufacturing the biodegradable copolyesters. However, a disadvantage of these copolyesters is that the biodegradation by microorganisms was not demonstrated, on the contrary only the behavior towards the hydrolysis in boiling water or in some cases also with water at 60 ° C. In accordance with the statement by Y. Tokiwa and T. Suzuki (Nature 270 (1977) 76-78 or J. of Appl. Polymer Science, 26 (1981) 441-448), it can be assumed that polyesters which are essentially composed of units of aromatic dicarboxylic acid and aliphatic diols such as PET (polyethylene terephthalate) and PBT (polybutylene terephthalate) are not enzymatically degradable. This also applies to copolyesters containing blocks composed of aromatic dicarboxylic acid units and aliphatic diols. In addition, Y. Tokiwa, T. Suzuki and T. Ando (J. of Appl. Polym. Sci. 24 (1979) 1701-1711) prepared polyester and mixtures of polycaprolactone and various aliphatic polyamides such as polyamide-6, polyamide -66, polyamide-11, polyamide-12 and polyamide-69 by melt condensation and investigated their biodegradability by lipases. It was found that the biodegradability of these polyesteramides depends largely on whether there is a predominantly random distribution of the amide segments or, for example, a block structure. In general, amide segments tend to reduce the biodegradation regime by lipases. However, the crucial factor is that no extended amide blocks are present because Plant is known. Cell Physiol. 7 (1966) 93, J. Biochem. 59 (1966) 537 and Agrie. Biol. Chem. 39 (1975) 1219 that the usual aliphatic and aromatic polyamides are biodegradable at most only when the oligomers are otherwise not. Witt et al., (Gift of a cartel in International Workshop of the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, April 21-23, 1994) describe the biodegradable copolyesters based on 1,3-propanediol, terephthalic ester and adipic or sebacic acid. A disadvantage of these copolyesters is that the molded parts produced therefrom, especially sheets and sheets, have inadequate mechanical properties. An object of the present invention is to provide polymers that are biologically degradable, ie, by microorganisms, and that do not have these disadvantages. The intention was, in particular, that the polymers according to the invention were capable of being prepared by known and inexpensive monomer units which were insoluble in water. It was further the intention that it is possible to obtain modeled products for the desired uses according to the invention by specific modifications, such as chain extension, the incorporation of hydrophilic groups and groups having a branching action. The look however was that biodegradation by microorganisms should not be achieved at the expense of mechanical properties, so as not to restrict the number of applications. We have found that this object is achieved by the polymers and thermoplastic molding compositions defined at the beginning. We have also found processes for the preparation of the same, the use of them to produce biodegradable molded parts and adhesives, and biodegradable moldable parts, foams, mixtures of starch and adhesives obtainable from polymers and molding compositions in accordance with the invention. The polyesteramides Pl according to the invention have a molecular weight (Mn) within the range of 4,000 to 40,000, preferably from 5,000 to 35,000, particularly preferably from 6,000 to 30,000 grams per mole, a viscosity number within the scale from 30 to 350, preferably from 50 to 300 grams per milliliter (which is measured in o-dichlorobenzene / phenol (50/50 weight ratio) at a concentration of 0.5 percent by weight of polyester amide Pl at 25 ° C), and a melting temperature within the range of 50 ° C to 220 ° C, preferably 60 ° C to 220 ° C. The polyester amides Pl are obtained according to the invention by reacting a mixture consisting essentially of ( al) a mixture consisting essentially of 35 percent to 95 percent, preferably of 45 percent to 80 mole percent of adipic acid or ester-forming derivatives thereof, in particular the di-alkyl esters of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as dimethyl, diethyl, dipropyl, dibutyl, dipentyl and adipate. dihexyl, or mixtures thereof, preferably adipic acid and dimethyl adipate or mixtures thereof, of 5 percent to 65 percent, preferably 20 percent to 55 percent molar of terephthalic acid or ester-forming derivatives thereof, in particular the alkyl di esters of 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as dimethyl terephthalate, diethyl, dipropyl, dibutyl, dipentyl or dihexyl, mixtures thereof, preferably terephthalic acid and dimethyl terephthalate or mixtures thereof. the same, and from 0 percent to 5 percent, preferably from 0 percent to 3 percent and particularly preferably from 0.1 percent to 2 percent molar of a compound containing sulphonate groups, at of the total of the individual molar percentages is 100 molar percent, and (a2) a mixture consisting essentially of (a21) from 99.5 percent to 0.5 percent, preferably from 99.5 percent to 50 percent in particular preferred from 98.0 percent to 70 mole percent of a dihydroxy compound selected from the group consisting of alkanediols of 2 to 6 carbon atoms and cycloalkanediols of 5 to 10 carbon atoms, (a22) from 0.5 percent to 99.5 percent, preferably 0.5 percent to 50 percent, particularly preferably 1 percent to 30 percent molar of an amino-C2-Ci2-alkanol of an amino-C5-CiQ-cycloalkanol, and (a23) ) from 0 percent to 50 percent, preferably from 0 percent to 35 percent and particularly preferably from 0.5 percent to 30 percent molar of a diamino-Ci-Cg-alkane, (a24) of 0 per percent to 50 percent, preferably from 0 percent to 30 percent, so p Particularly preferred from 0.5 percent to 20 mole percent of a 2,2 '-bisoxazoline of the general formula I wherein R1 is a group of ethylene, n-propylene or n-butylene of a single bond, and R ^ is particularly preferably n-butylene, where the total of the individual molar percentages is 100 mole percent. wherein the molar ratio of (al) to (a2) is selected within the range of 0.4: 1 to 1.5: 1, preferably from 0.6: 1 to 1.1: 1. The compound containing the sulphonate groups which are normally used is an alkali metal salt or an alkaline earth metal salt of a dicarboxylic acid containing sulfonate groups, or the ester-forming derivatives thereof, preferably alkali metal salts thereof. 5-sulfoisophthalic acid or mixtures thereof, particularly preferably to the sodium salt. The dihydroxy compounds (a21) used according to the invention are selected from the group consisting of alkanediols having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkanediols having 5 to 10 carbon atoms, the latter also including 1,2-cyclohexanedimethanol and , 4-cyclohexanedimethanol, such as ethylene glycol, 1,2- and 1,3-propanediol, 1,2- and 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol or 1,6-hexanediol, in particular ethylene glycol, 1, 3- propanediol and 1,4-butanediol, cyclopentanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanediol and mixtures thereof. The amino-C2-C? 2-lcanol or amino-C5-C? Or ~ cycloalkanol (component (a22)), this also being intended to include 4-aminomethylcyclohexanemethanol, which is preferably used in an amino-C2_Cg-alkanol such such as 2-aminoethanol, 3-aminopropanol, 4-aminobutanol, 5-aminopentanol, 6-aminohexanol and amino-Cs-Cg-cycloalkanols, such as aminocyclopentanol and aminocyclohexanol, or mixtures thereof. The diamino-CL-Cg-alkane which is preferably used is an amino-Cj-Cg-alkane such as 1,4-diaminobutane, 1,5-diaminopentane and 1,6-diaminohexane (hexamethylenediamine, HMD).

The compounds of the general formula I (component a24) are obtainable as a general rule by the Angew process. Chem. Int. Edit. 11_ (1972) '287-288. From 0 percent to 5 percent, preferably from 0.01 percent to 4 mole percent based on component (a), of at least one compound D with at least three ester-forming groups, are used according to the invention. The compounds D, preferably contain from three to ten functional groups capable of forming ester bonds. Particularly preferred compounds D have from three to six functional groups of this type in the molecule, in particular from three to six hydroxyl groups and / or carboxyl groups. Examples that may be mentioned are: tartaric acid, citric acid, maleic acid; trimethylolpropane, trimethylol or; pentaerythritol; polyetherrioles; glycerol; trimesic acid; trimethylic acid or anhydride; pyromellitic acid or dianhydride and hydroxyisophthalic acid.

When the compounds D having a boiling temperature lower than 200 ° C are used in the preparation of the polyesteri-plies Pl, a proportion can be distilled from the polycondensation mixture, before the reaction. It is therefore preferred to add these compounds at an early stage of the process, such as the transesterification or esterification step, in order to avoid this complication and in order to achieve the maximum possible uniformity of their distribution within the polycondensate. In the case of compounds D that boil at a temperature higher than 200 ° C, they can also be used in a later stage of the process. By adding compound D, it is possible for example to alter the melt viscosity in a desired manner, increase the impact strength and reduce the crystallinity of the polymers or molding compositions, in accordance with the invention. The preparation of biodegradable polyesteramides Pl is known in principle (Sorensen and Campbell, Preparative Methods of Polymer Chemistry, Interscience Publishers, Inc. New York, 1961, pages 111-127, Kunststoff-Handbuch, Volume 3/1, Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich, 1992, pages 15-23) (preparation of polyesteramides); U.S. Patent Nos. WO 92/13019; EP-A 568-593; EP-A 565,235; EP-A-28,687 (preparation of polyesters); Encycl. of Polym. Science and Eng .. Volume 12, Second Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 1988, pages 1-75, in particular pages 59 and 60; Patent of the Great Britain Number GB 818,157; of Great Britain Number 1,010,916; and of Great Britain Number GB 1,115,512), so that the details on this are superfluous. In this way, for example, the reaction of the dimethyl esters of component a with the component a2 can be carried out at a temperature of 160 ° C to 230 ° C in the melt under atmospheric pressure, advantageously under a gas atmosphere inert. In a preferred embodiment, first the required aminohydroxy compound (a22) is reacted with component (a), preferably terephthalic acid, dimethyl terephthalate, adipic acid, di-C2-Cg-alkyldipate, succinic anhydride, phthalic anhydride in a molar ratio of 2: 1. In another preferred embodiment, the required diamine compound (a23) is reacted with component (a) and preferably terephthalic acid, dimethyl terephthalate, adipic acid, di-C2-Cg-alkyl adipate, succinic anhydride, anhydride phthalic, in a molar ratio of at least 0.5: 1, preferably 0.5: 1.

In another preferred embodiment, the required bisoxazoline (a24) is reacted with the component (a), preferably terephthalic acid, dimethyl terephthalate, adipic acid, di-C2-C4-alkyl adipate, succinic anhydride, phthalic anhydride in a molar ratio of at least 0.5: 1, preferably of 0.5: 1. In the case of a mixture of at least one aminohydroxy compound (a22) and at least one amine compound (a23) and at least one 2, 2'-bisoxazoline (a24), this is reacted rapidly with the component (a) in the molar amounts manifested in the preferred embodiments mentioned above. In the preparation of the biodegradable polyesteramide Pl, it is advantageous to use a molar excess of the component (a2) in relation to the component (a), for example up to 2 1/2 times, preferably up to 1.67 times. Biodegradable polyesteramide Pl is usually prepared with the addition of appropriate conventional catalysts (Encycl, of Polym, Science and Eng., Volume 12, Second Edition, John Wiley &Sons, 1988, pages 1 to 75, in particular pages 59 and 60). Great Britain Patent Number 818,157, Great Britain Number 1,010,916 and Great Britain Number 1,115,512), for example, metal compounds based on the following elements such as Ti, Ge, Zn. Fe, Mn, Co, Zr, V, Ir, La, Ce, Li and Ca, preferably organometallic compounds based on these metals, for example, salts of organic acids, alkoxides, acetylacetonates and the like, particularly preferred based on lithium, zinc, tin and titanium. When the dicarboxylic acids or anhydrides thereof are used as the component (a) the esterification thereof with the component (a2) can be carried out before, at the same time as or after the transesterification. In a preferred embodiment, the process described in Patent Number DE-A 23 26 026 for preparing the modified polystyrene terephthalates is of course used. After the reaction of the components (al) and (a2), the polycondensation is carried out up to the desired molecular weight, as a general rule under reduced pressure or in a stream of inert gas, for example nitrogen, with additional heating to temperature from 180 ° C to 260 ° C. In order to prevent undesired degradation and / or secondary reactions, it is also possible at this stage of the process if required, to add stabilizers. Examples of these stabilizers are the phosphorus compounds described in Patent Number EP-A 13 461, U.S. Patent Number US 4 328 049 or in B. Fortunato et al., Polymer, Volume 35, Number 18, pages 4006 to 4010, 1994, Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd. These also in some cases act as inactivators of the catalysts described above. Examples that may be mentioned are: organophosphites, phosphonous acid and phosphorus acid, and the alkali metal salts of these acids. Examples of compounds that act only as stabilizers are: trialkyl phosphites, triphenyl phosphites, trialkyl phosphates, triphenyl phosphates, and tocopherol (vitamin E) (obtainable as Uvinul® 2003AO (BASF) for example). In the use of the biodegradable copolymers according to the invention, for example, in the packaging sector eg, for food substances it is a desirable rule to select the lowest possible content of the used catalyst and not to enlarge any toxic compounds. In contrast to other heavy metals, such as lead, tin, antimony, cadmium, chromium, etc. the titanium and zinc compounds are non-toxic as a general rule (Sax Toxic Substance Data Book, Shizuo Fujiyama, Maruzen, KK, 360 S. (cited in Patent Number EP-A-565,235), see also Ropp Chemie Lexikon, Volume 6 , Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, New York, Ninth edition, 1992, pages 4626 to 4633 and 5136 to 5143). Examples that may be mentioned are: dibutoxidiacetoacetoxititanio, tetrabutyl orthotitanato and zinc acetate (II).

The weight ratio of the catalyst to the polyester amide Pl is usually within the range of 0.01: 100 to 3: 100, preferably from 0.5: 100 to 2: 100, it being also possible to use smaller amounts, such as 0.0001: 100, in the case of highly active titanium compounds. The catalyst can be used from the beginning of the reaction, directly for a short time before the removal of the excess diol or if required also distributed in a plurality of portions during the preparation of the biodegradable polyesteramides Pl. It is also possible, if required, to use different catalysts or mixtures thereof. The biodegradable polyesteramides P2 according to the invention have a molecular weight (Mn) within the range of from 4,000 to 40,000, preferably from 5,000 to 35,000 and particularly preferably from 8,000 to 35,000 grams per mole, a viscosity number within the scale from 30 to 450, preferably from 50 to 400 grams per milliliter (which is measured in o-dichlorobenzene / phenol (weight ratio 50/50) at a concentration of 0.5 weight percent polyesteramide P2 at 25 ° C) and a melting temperature within the range of 50 ° C to 255 ° C, preferably 60 ° C at 255 ° C.

The biodegradable polyesteramides P2 are obtained according to the invention by reacting a mixture consisting essentially of (bl) a mixture consisting essentially of from 35 percent to 95 percent, preferably from 45 percent to 80 percent, particularly 45 percent to 70 mole percent of adipic acid or ester-forming derivatives thereof or mixtures thereof, from 5 percent to 65 percent, preferably 20 percent to 55 percent, particularly preferred preferred from 30 percent to 55 mole percent of terephthalic acid or ester-forming derivatives thereof or mixtures thereof, and from 0 percent to 5 percent, preferably from 0 percent to 3 percent, particularly from preferred way from 0.1 percent to 2 mole percent of a compound containing sulfonate groups, where the total molar percent individual 100 mole percent, (b2) a mixture (a), in where the molar ratio of (bl) to (b2) is selected within the scale from 0.4: 1 to 1.5: 1, preferably from 0.6: 1 to 1.1: 1, (b3) from 0.01 percent to 40 percent, preferably from 0.1 percent to 30 percent, particularly preferably from 0.5 percent to 20 percent by weight based on component (bl), of an aminocarboxylic acid Bl, and (b4) from 0 percent to 5 percent percent, preferably from 0 percent to 4 percent - most preferably from 0.01 percent to 3.5 percent molar, based on component (bl), of the compound D, wherein the aminocarboxylic acid Bl is selected from the group consisting of natural amino acids, polyamides with a molecular weight not exceeding 18,000 grams per mole, preferably not exceeding 15,000 grams per mole and the compounds defined by the formulas lia and Ilb, HO - [- C (0) -G-N (H) -] pH L7 [-C (0) -G-N (H) 7-] r- ^] Ha Hb wherein p is an integer from 1 to 1,500, preferably from 1 to 1,000, r is 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 1 and 2, and G is radical selected from the group consisting of phenylene, - ( CH2) n- 'wherein n is an integer from 1 to 12, preferably from 1, 5, 12, -C (R2) H- and -C (R2) HCH2 wherein R2 is methyl or ethyl and the polyoxazolines of the general formula III wherein R3 is hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 5 to 8 carbon atoms, phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted up to three times by alkyl groups of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or tetrahydrofuryl. The natural amino acids which are preferably used are the following: glycine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, tryptophan, phenylamine, and oligo- and polymers obtainable therefrom, talis such as polyaspartides and polyglutamimides, particularly preferred glycine. The polyamides used are those obtainable by polycondensation of a dicarboxylic acid with 4 to 6 carbon atoms and a diamine with 4 to 10 carbon atoms, such as tetramethylenediamine, pentamethylene diamine, hexamethylenediamine, heptamethylenediamine, octamethylenediamine, nonamethylenediamine and decamethylenediamine. Preferred polyamides are polyamide-46, polyamide-66 and polyamide-610. These polyamides are usually prepared by conventional methods. It is self-evident that these polyamides can contain conventional and auxiliary additives and that these polyamides can be prepared using appropriate regulators. The polyoxazolines III, as a general rule, are prepared by the process described in Patent Number DE-A 1,206,585. Particularly preferred compounds defined by the sumna of lia and IIb are: 6-aminohexanoic acid, caprolactam, laurolactam and the oligomers and polymers thereof with a molecular weight not exceeding 18,000 grams per mole. The biodegradable polyesteramides P2 are prepared in a similar manner to the preparation of the polyesteramides Pl, it being possible to add the aminocarboxylic acid Bl both at the beginning of the reaction and after the esterification or the transesterification step. The biodegradable polyesteramides Ql according to the invention have a molecular weight (Mn) within the range of 5,000 to 50,000, preferably of 6,000 to 40,000, particularly preferably of 8,000 to 35,000 grams per mole, a number of viscosity within the scale from 30 to 450, preferably from 50 to 400 grams per mole (which is measured in o-dichlorobenzene / phenol) (from 50/50 weight percent at a concentration of 0.5 weight percent polyesteramide Ql to 25 ° C) and a melting temperature within the range of 50 ° C to 255 ° C, preferably 60 ° C to 225 ° C. The polyesteramides Ql are obtained according to the invention by reacting a mixture consisting essentially of (cl) polyesteramined Pl, (c2) from 0.01 percent to 50 percent, preferably from 0.1 percent to 40 percent by weight based on (cl) of aminocarboxylic acid Bl, and (c3) from 0 percent to 5 percent, preferably from 0 percent to 4 mole percent, based on component (a) of the preparation of Pl, of compound D. The reaction of the polyesteramides Pl with the aminocarboxylic acid Bl, if required in the presence of the compound D, is preferably carried out in the melt at a temperature of 120 ° C to 260 ° C under an inert gas atmosphere, if desired also under reduced pressure. The process can be either intermittent or continuous, for example, in stirred containers or extrusion (reaction) apparatus. The reaction rate if required can be increased by adding conventional transesterification catalysts (see those described above for the preparation of the polyesteramides Pl). When components Bl with higher molecular weights are used, for example with a p above 10 (ten), it is possible to obtain, by reaction with the polyesteramides Pl in stirred vessels or extrusion apparatus, the block structures desired by the selection of the reaction conditions, such as temperature, retention time and addition of the transesterification catalysts, as mentioned above. Therefore, J. of Appl. Polym. Sci., 32 (1986) 6191-6207 and Makramol. Chemie, 136 (1970) 311-313 disclose that in the reaction in the melt it is possible to obtain initially from a mixture by transesterification reactions, block copolymers and then random copolymers. The biodegradable polyesteramides Q2 according to the invention have a molecular weight (Mn) within the range of 5,000 to 50,000, preferably of 6,000 to 50,000, particularly preferably of 8,000 to 35,000 grams per mole, a number of viscosity within the scale from 30 to 450, preferably from 50 to 400 grams per milliliter (which are measured in o-dichlorobenzene / phenol (50/50 weight percent) at a concentration of 0.5 weight percent polyesteramide Q2 at 25 ° C) and a melting temperature within the range of 50 ° C to 220 ° C. preferably from 60 ° C to 220 ° C. The polyesteramides Q2 are obtained according to the invention by reacting a mixture consisting essentially of (di) from 95 percent to 99.9 percent, preferably from 96 percent to 99.8 percent, particularly preferably from 97 percent to 99.65 percent by weight of the polyesteramide Pl, (d2) from 0.1 percent to 5 percent, preferably 0.2 percent by weight 4 percent, particularly preferably from 0.35 percent to 3 percent by weight of a Cl diisocyanate, and (d3) from 0 percent to 5 percent, preferably from 0 percent to 4 percent molar based on component (a) of the preparation of Pl, of compound D. It is possible, in accordance with the observations to date, to use as the diisocyanate Cl, all conventional and commercially obtainable diisocyanates., A diisocyanate which is selected from the group consists of 2,4-toluene diisocyanate, 2,6-toluene diisocyanate, 4,4'- and 2,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 1,5-naphthylene diisocyanate, xylylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, diisocyanate of isophorone and methyllenbis (4-isocyanate) to-cyclohexane), particularly preferably hexamethylene diisocyanate, is preferably used. It is also possible in principle to employ trifunctional isocyanate compounds which can contain isocyanate and / or biuret groups with a functionality of not less than three, or to replace the Cl compounds of diisocyanate partially by tri- or polyisocyanates. The polyesteramides Pl are reacted with the diisocinato Cl preferably in the melt, it being necessary to take care that if possible there are no secondary reactions that can lead to cross-linking or gel formation. In a specific embodiment, the reaction is usually carried out at a temperature of 130 ° C to 240 ° C, preferably 140 ° C to 220 ° C with the addition of the diisocyanate, advantageously carried out in a plurality of portions or continuously. If required, it is also possible to carry out the reaction of the polyesteridemide Pl with the diisocyanate Cl, in the presence of conventional inert solvents, such as toluene, methylethyl ketone or dimethylformamide (DMF) or mixtures thereof, in which case, The reaction as a general rule is carried out at a temperature of 80 ° C to 200 ° C, preferably 90 ° C to 150 ° C. The reaction with the diisocyanate Cl can be carried out intermittently or continuously, for example in stirred vessels, reaction extrusion apparatuses or through mixing heads. It is also possible to employ in the reaction of the polyesteramides Pl with the diisocyanates Cl, the conventional catalysts disclosed in the prior art (for example, those described in Patent Number EP-A 534 295) or that can be used or have been used in the preparation of the polyesteramides Pl and Ql, and if the polyesteramides Pl have not been isolated in the preparation of the polyesteramide Q1, they can now be used further. Examples which may be mentioned are: tertiary amines, such as triethylamine, dimethylcyclohexylamine, N-methylmorpholine, N, N'-dimethylpiperazine, diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane and the like and, in particular, the organic metal compounds, such as titanium compounds, iron compounds, tin compounds, e.g., dibutoxydiacetoacetoxytitanium, tetrabutyl orthotitanate, tin diacetate, dioctoate, dilaurate or the dialkyltin salts of the aliphatic carboxylic acids, such as dibutyltin diacetate, dibutyltin dilaurate or similar, being again necessary to be careful if it is possible that toxic compounds are not used. Even though the theoretical optimum for the reaction of Pl with the dissociates Cl is a molar ratio of 1: 1 of isocyanate functionality to the final group of Pl (the polyesteramides Pl with mainly hydroxyl end groups are preferred), the reaction can also be Carry out without technical problems at molar ratios from 1: 3 to 1.5: 1. With molar ratios of >1: 1, it is possible if it is desired to add, during the reaction but also after the reaction, a chain elongation agent which is selected from the components (a2), preferably diol of 2 to 6 carbon atoms. The biodegradable polymers Pl according to the invention have a molecular weight (Mn) within the range of 6,000 to 50,000, preferably of 8,000 to 40,000, and particularly preferably of 8,000 to 35,000 grams per mole, a number of viscosity within of the scale from 30 to 450, preferably from 50 to 400 grams per mole (which is measured in o-dichlorobenzene / phenol (weight ratio of 50/50) at a concentration of 0.5 weight percent of the polymer TI to 25 ° C) and a melting temperature within the range of 50 ° C to 255 ° C, preferably 60 ° C to 255 ° C. The biodegradable TI polymers are obtained according to the invention by reacting a polyesteramide Q1 as claimed in claim 3 with (from) 0.1 percent to 5 percent, preferably 0.2 percent percent to 4 percent, of particularly preferred from 0.3 percent to 2.5 percent by weight based on the polyesteramide Ql of the diisocyanate Cl, and with (e2) from 0 percent to 5 percent, preferably from 0 percent to 4 percent molar based on the component (a) of the preparation of polyesteramide Ql through the polyesteramide Pl of compound D. This usually results in a chain elongation, with the resultant polymer chains preferably having a block structure. As a general rule, the reaction is carried out in a manner similar to the preparation of the polyester-amides Q2. The biodegradable polymers T2 according to the invention have a molecular weight (Mn) within the range of from 6,000 to 50,000, preferably from 8,000 to 40,000, particularly preferably from 8,000 to 35,000 grams per mole, a viscosity number within the scale from 30 to 450, preferably from 50 to 400 grams per mole (which is measured in o-dichlorobenzene / phenol (weight ratio of 50/50) at a concentration of 0.5 percent by weight of the polymer T2 at 25 ° C), and a melting temperature within the range of 50 ° C to 255 ° C, preferably 60 ° C to 255 ° C. The biodegradable polymers T2 are obtained according to the invention by reacting the polyesteramide Q2 with (fl) from 0.01 percent to 50 percent, preferably from 0.1 percent to 40 percent by weight, based on the polyesteramide Q2, of the acid aminocarboxylic Bl, and with (f2) from 0 percent to 5 percent, preferably from 0 percent to 4 mole percent, based on the component (al) of the polyesteramide Q2 preparation, through the polyesteramide Pl of the compound D, the procedure being similar in the reaction of the polyesteramide Pl with the aminocarboxylic acid Bl, to provide the polyesteramide Ql. The biodegradable polymers T3 according to the invention have a molecular weight (Mn) within the range of from 6,000 to 50,000, preferably from 3,000 to 40,000, particularly preferably from 8,000 to 35,000 grams per mole, a viscosity number within the scale from 30 to 450, preferably from 50 to 400 grams per milliliter (which is measured in o-dichlorobenzene / phenol (50/50 weight ratio), in a concentration of 0.5 percent by weight of polymer T3 to 25 ° C) and a melting temperature within the range of 50 ° C to 255 ° C, preferably 60 ° C to 255 ° C. The biodegradable polymers T3 are obtained according to the invention by reacting (gl) the polyesteramide P2 or (g2) a mixture consisting essentially of polyesteramide Pl and being from 0.01 percent to 50 percent, preferably from 0.1 percent to 40 percent. weight percent based on the polyesteramide Pl, of the aminocarboxylic acid Bl or (g3) a mixture consisting essentially of polyesteramides Pl that differ from one another in composition, with from 0.1 to 5 percent, preferably 0.2 percent a 4 percent, particularly from 0.3 percent to 2.5 percent by weight based on the amount of the used polyesteramides of Cl diisocyanate and from 0 percent to 5 percent, preferably from 0 percent to 4 percent molar based on the molar amounts specific to the components (al) used to prepare the polyesteramides (gl) to (g3) used in compound D, rapidly carrying out the reactions in a manner similar to the preparation of the polyesteramides Q2 from the polyesteramides Pl and the diisocyanates Cl. In a preferred embodiment, polyesteramides P2 whose repeating units are randomly distributed in the molecule are the ones used. However, it is also possible to employ polyesteramides P2 whose polymer chains have block structures. P2 polyesteramides of this type can generally be obtained by appropriate selection, in particular of the molecular weight of the aminocarboxylic acid Bl. Thus, according to the observations to date there is usually only incomplete transesterification or transamidation when a high molecular weight aminocarboxylic acid Bl is used, in particular with a p greater than 10, for example, even in the presence of the inactivators described above (see J. of Appl. Plym. Sci. 32 (1986) 6191-6207 and Makromol. Chemie. 136 (1970) 311-313). If required, the reaction can also be carried out in solution using the solvents mentioned for the preparation of the TI polymers from polyesteramides Ql and the diisocyanates Cl.

The compositions T4 for molding biodegradable thermoplastics are obtained according to the invention, by mixing in a conventional manner, preferably with the addition of conventional additives, such as stabilizers, processing aids, fillers or fillers, etc. (See J. of Appl. Polym, Sci. 32 (1986) 6191-6207, Patents Number WO 92/0441, Number, EP 515, 203, Kunststoff-Handbuch, Volume 3/1, Cari Hanser Verlag of Munich, 1992 , Pages 24-28). (hl) from 99.5 percent to 0.5 percent by weight of a polymer selected from the group of Pl, P2, Q2 and T3, with (h2? 0.5 to 99.5 percent by weight of a hydroxycarboxylic acid Hl of the general formula IVa or IVb.

HO - [- C (0) -M-0-] xH L [-C (0) -M-0-) v J IVa IVb where x is an integer from 1 to 1,500, preferably from 1 to 1,000, and is 1, 2,3 or 4, preferably 1 and 2, and M is a radical selected from the group consisting of phenylene - (CH 2) ) 2 ~ / where z is an integer of 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, preferably 1 and 5, -C (R2) H- and -C (R2) HCH2 ~, where R2 is methyl or ethyl. The hydroxycarboxylic acid Hl employed in a preferred embodiment is: glycolic acid, D-, L- or D, L-lactic acid, 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid, cyclic derivatives thereof such as glycolide- (1,4-dioxan- 2,5-dione), D-, L-dilactide- (3,6-dimethyl-l, 4-dioxan-2,5-dione), p-hydroxybenzoic acid and the oligomers and polymers thereof, such as acid 3-polyhydroxybutyric acid, polyhydroxyvaleric acid, polylactide (obtainable as EcoPLA® (from Cargill) for example) and a mixture of 3-polyhydroxybutyric acid and polyhydroxyvaleric acid (the latter is obtainable from Zeneca under the name Biopol®). In a preferred embodiment, high molecular weight hydroxycarboxylic acids Hl, such as polycaprolactone or polylactide or polyglycolide with a molecular weight (Mn) within the range of 10,000 to 50,000, preferably 10,000 to 100,000 grams per mole, are those they are used Patent Numbers WO 92/0441 and EP-A No. 515,203 disclose that the high molecular weight polylactide without added plasticizers is too brittle or brittle for most applications. It is possible, in a preferred embodiment, to prepare a mixture from 0.5 percent to 20 percent, preferably from 0.5 percent to 10 percent by weight of polyesteramide Pl in accordance with claim 1, or polyesteramide Q2 that in accordance with claim 4 and from 99.5 percent to 80 percent, preferably from 99.5 percent to 90 percent by weight polylactide, which presents a distinct improvement in mechanical properties, for example, an increase in impact resistance, in comparison with pure polylactide. Another preferred embodiment relates to a mixture obtainable by blending from 99.5 percent to 40 percent, preferably from 99.5 percent to 60 percent by weight of polyesterteride Pl according to claim 1, or polyesteramide Q2 according to claim 4, and from 0.5 percent to 60 percent, preferably from 0.5 percent to 40 percent by weight of a high molecular weight hydroxycarboxylic acid Hl, particularly preferably polylactide, polyglycolide, 3-polyhydroxybutyric acid and polycaprolactone. Mixtures of this type are completely biodegradable and, according to the observations to date, have very good mechanical properties. According to the observations to date, the thermoplastic molding compositions T4 according to the invention are preferably obtained by observing short mixing times, for example, when mixing is carried out in an extrusion apparatus. It is also possible to obtain molding compositions that predominantly have mixing structures by selecting the mixing parameters and in particular, the mixing time and, if required, the use of inactivators, i.e. it is possible to control the mixing process so that the transesterification reactions can be carried out at least partially. In another preferred embodiment, it is possible to replace from 0 percent to 50 percent, preferably from 0 percent to 30 percent molar, of the adipic acid or ester-forming derivatives thereof or mixtures thereof by at least one other aliphatic dicarboxylic acid of 4 to 10 carbon atoms or cycloaliphatic of 5 to 10 carbon atoms or a dimer fatty acid, such succinic acid, glutaric acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid or sebacic acid, or a derivative of ester such as the di-alkyl esters of 1 to 6 carbon atoms thereof or the anhydrides thereof, such as succinic anhydride, or mixtures thereof, preferably succinic acid, succinic anhydride, sebacic acid, acid fatty acid dimer and di-alkyl esters of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as dimethyl, diethyl, di-n-propyl, diisobutyl, di-n-pentyl, dineopentyl, di-n-hexyl esters thereof, especially the dimethylsuccinic acid ester. A particularly preferred embodiment relates to the use as component (al) of the mixture, described in Patent Number EP-A 7445 of succinic acid, adipic acid and glutaric acid and alkyl esters of 1 to 6 carbon atoms of the themselves, especially the dimethyl esters. In another preferred embodiment, it is possible to replace from 0 percent to 50 percent, preferably from 0 percent to 40 percent molar of terephthalic acid or ester-forming derivatives thereof, or mixtures thereof by at least one other aromatic dicarboxylic acid, such as isophthalic acid, phthalic acid or 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, preferably isophthalic acid or an ester derivative such as a di-alkyl ester of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, in particular, the dimethyl ester or mixtures thereof. It should generally be noted that the various polymers according to the invention can be treated in a conventional manner by isolating the polymers or in particular if it is desired to react the polyesteramides Pl, P2, Q1 and Q2 in addition, not isolating the polymers, but processing immediately. them in an additional way. The polymers according to the invention can be applied to coating substrates by rolling, spreading, spraying or pouring. Preferred coating substrates are those that are composted or rot, such as molded paper, cellulose or starch. The polymers according to the invention can also be used to produce molded parts that become compost. The molding parts that may be mentioned by way of example are: disposable articles, such as household crockery, cutlery, garbage or waste bags, sheets for agriculture to advance the crop, sheets or packing sheets and containers for growing plants. It is also possible to spin the polymers according to the invention in threads or filaments in a conventional manner. The strands if required can be lengthened, elongate-writhe, lengthen-roll, elongate-warp, lengthen-read and lengthen-contexturize, by customary methods. The elongation to a flat yarn can also be carried out in the same working step (completely stretched yarn, completely oriented yarn) or in a separate step. The lengthening warping, lengthening of lengthening and texturing of lengthening, usually a separate work step of spinning is carried out. The strands can also be processed into fibers in a conventional manner. The leaf-like structures can then be obtained from the fibers by knitting or knitting. The molded parts, coating compositions and strands, etc. which are described above, if required may also contain filler or filler materials which may be incorporated during the polymerization process at any stage or subsequently, for example, in a melt of the polymers according to the invention. It is possible to add from 0 percent to 80 percent by weight filler or filler materials, based on the polymers according to the invention. Examples of suitable fillers or fillers are carbon black, starch, lignin powder, cellulose fibers, natural fibers, such as henequen and hemp, iron oxides, clay minerals, ores, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate. , barium sulfate and titanium dioxide.

Fillers or fillers in some cases may also contain stabilizers, such as tocopherol (vitamin E), organic phosphorus compounds, mono-, di- and polyphenols, hydroquinones, diarylamines, thioethers, ultraviolet light stabilizers, nucleating agents such as talc and lubricants and mold release agents based on hydrocarbons, fatty alcohols, higher carboxylic acids, metal salts of higher carboxylic acids, such as calcium and zinc stearate and mountain waxes. These stabilizers, etc. they are described in detail in the Kunststoff-Handbuch article, Volume 3/1, Cari Hanser Verlag, Munich, 1992, pages 24 to 28. The polymers according to the invention can also be colored in any desired way by adding organic or inorganic dyes or dyes. . The dyes can also be considered, in the broadest sense, as a filler or filler. A specific application of the polymers according to the invention is related to the use as a sheet capable of becoming a compost (fertilizer) of a coating capable of becoming a compost as the outer layer of diapers. The outer layer of the diapers effectively prevents penetration by liquids that are absorbed into the diaper by the sponge material and superabsorbers preferably by biodegradable superabsorbers, for example based on the crosslinked polyacrylic acid or the crosslinked polyacrylamide. It is possible to use a continuous ribbon of cellulose material as the inner layer of the diaper. The outer layer of the described diapers is biodegradable and therefore capable of becoming a compost. It disintegrates when it becomes the compost so that the entire diaper rots, while the diapers that are provided as an outer layer, for example, of polyethylene, can not be converted into a compost without the previous reduction in size or the elaborate removal of the polyethylene sheet. Another preferred use of the polymers and molding compositions according to the invention relates to the production of adhesives in a conventional manner (see, for example, Encycl. Of Polym. Se. And Eng. Volume 1, "Adhesive Compositions", pages 547 to 577). The polymers and molding compositions in accordance with the invention can also be processed as disclosed in Patent Number EP-A 21042 using appropriate sticky thermoplastic resins, preferably natural resins, by the methods described therein. The polymers and molding compositions according to the invention can also be further processed as disclosed in Patent Number DE-A 4 234 305 in solvent-free adhesive systems, such as hot-melt films. Another preferred application relates to the production of fully degradable mixtures with mixtures of starch (preferably with thermoplastic starch, as described in Patent Number WO 90/05161) in a process similar to that described in Patent Number DE-A 42 37 535. The polymers according to the invention in this case can be mixed as granules and polymer fusions with mixtures of starch, and mixing as a polymer melt is preferred because this allows a step of the process (granulation) to be economized. (direct finishing). The polymers and the thermoplastic molding compositions according to the invention can, according to the observations to date, due to their hydrophobic nature, their mechanical properties, their complete biodegradability, their good compatibility with thermoplastic starch and at least because of its base of favorable raw material, advantageously be used as a synthetic blend component. Additional applications relate, for example, to the use of polymers according to the invention in agricultural straw, seed packing material and nutrition material, adhesive sheet substrate, infant panties, bags, bed sheets, bottles, boxes, garbage bags, labels, cushion covers, protective cloth, hygiene items, handkerchiefs, toys and cleaning cloths. Another use of the polymers and molding compositions according to the invention relates to the production of foams, generally by conventional methods (see Patent Number EP-A 372 846; Handbook of Polymeric Foams and Foam Technology, Hanser Publisher, Munich, 1991, pages 375-408). This usually involves that the polymer or molding composition according to the invention is initially melted if required with the addition of up to 5 weight percent of compound D, preferably pyromellitic dianhydride and trimellitic anhydride, and then a swelling agent that is add and the resulting mixture is exposed to reduced pressure by extrusion, resulting in foaming. The advantages of the polymers according to the invention in relation to the known biodegradable polymers are a favorable raw material base, with easily obtainable starting materials, such as adipic acid, terephthalic acid and conventional diols, interesting mechanical properties due to the combination of "hard" segments (due to aromatic dicarboxylic acids such as terephthalic acid) and "mild (due to aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, such as adipic acid) in the polymer chain and variation in uses due to simple modifications, a satisfactory degradation by microorganisms, especially in a compost and the soil and some resistance to microorganism in aqueous systems at room temperature, which is particularly advantageous for many applications The random incorporation of the aromatic dicarboxylic acids of the components (al) into the different polymers, makes that the biological attack is possible and therefore the desired biodegradability is achieved. A specific advantage of the polymers according to the invention is that it is possible by modulating the formulations to bring to optimum both the biodegradation and the mechanical properties for the specific application. It is also possible, depending on the preparation process, to advantageously obtain polymers with predominantly random distribution of monomer units, polymers with predominantly block structures and polymers with predominantly a mixture structure or mixtures.

Examples Enzyme test The polymers were cooled [sic] with liquid nitrogen or dry ice and finally ground in a mill (the enzymatic disintegration rate increases with the surface air of ground material). To carry out the actual enzyme test, 30 milligrams of the finely ground polymer powder and 2 milliliters of a stabilizer solution of 20 millimoles [sic] of each K2HPO / KH2PO4 (pH 7.0) were placed in an Eppendor tube (2 milliliters) ) and equilibrated at 37 ° C in a tube rotation apparatus for 3 hours. Subsequently 100 units of lipase were added from either Rhizopus arrhizus, Rhizopus delemar or Pseudomonas pl. and the mixture was incubated at 37 ° C, while stirring (250 revolutions per minute) in the tube rotating apparatus for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was then filtered through a Millipore® membrane (0.45 micrometer) and the DOC (dissolved organic carbon) the filtered material was measured. A measure of DOC was carried out with only the enzyme stabilizer (as enzyme control) and with only the stabilizer and the sample (blank) in a similar manner. The values of? DOC determined (DOC (sample + enzyme) -DOC (enzyme control) -DOC (blank) can be considered as a measure of the enzymatic degradability of the samples.They are represented in each case by comparison with a measurement with the Polycaprolactone® Tone P 787 powder (Union Carbide) It should be noted in the assessment that these are not absolutely quantifiable data. The connection between the surface area of the ground material and the temperature regime has already been mentioned above. enzymatic degradation.

In addition, enzymatic activities also vary. The transmission and permeability for oxygen was determined by the method of DIN 53380 and that of. Water vapor was determined by the DIN method 53122. Molecular weights were measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC): phase 5 mixed columns of polystyrene-stationary gel: reindeer B (7.5x300 mm, PL lOμ gel) from Polymer Laboratories; equilibration: 35 ° C tetrahydrofuran phase (flow rate: 1.2 mobile: milliliters per minute) calibration: molecular weight 50 to 10,000,000 grams per mole with PS calibration kit from Polymer Laboratories On the ethylbenzene / 1, 3 oligomer scale -diphenylbutane / 1, 3, 5-triphenylhexane / 1, 3, 5, 7-tetraphenyloctane / 1, 3, 5, 7, 9-pentaphendecane. Detection: Rl Waters 410 (refractive index) UV Physical Spectra 100 (at 254 nm) Abbreviations used: DOC: dissolved organic carbon DMT: dimethyl terephthalate PCL: Polycaprolactone® Tone P 787 (Union Carbide) PMDA: pyromellitic dianhydride AN: number of TBOT acid: tetrabutyl orthotitanate VN: viscosity number (which is measured in o-dichlorbenzene / phenol (weight ratio 50/50) at a concentration of 0.5 percent by weight of the polymer at 25 ° C) Tm : melting temperature = temperature at which a maximum flow of endothermic heat occurs (end of the DSC traces) Tg: vitreous state transition temperature (intermediate point of the DSC traces) B 15 (not extracted): Polyamide- 6 with a residual extract of approximately 10.5 weight percent, VN: 68 grams per milliliter B 15 (extracted, dried): Polyamide-6 with a residual extract of < 0.4 percent by weight, VN: 85 grams per milliliter Ultramid® 9A (BASF): Copolyamide of AH salt and caprolactam with 90 percent polyamide-66 and 10 percent polyamide-6 units. VN: 75 grams per milliliter.

The DSC measurements will be carried out with a 990 + 990 thermal analyzer from DuPont. The temperature and enthalpy calibration was carried out in a conventional manner. The sample typically weighed 13 milligrams. The heating and cooling regimes were 20 K / minute unless otherwise indicated. The samples were measured under the following conditions: 1. heating of the samples in the condition in which they were supplied, 2. rapid cooling of the melt, 3. heating in the cooled samples of the melt (samples of 2). In each case, second samples of DSC were used after printing a uniform thermal prehistory to be possible to compare the different samples. The hydroxyl number (OH number) and the acid number (AN) were determined by the following methods: a) Determination of the apparent hydroxyl number 10 milliliters of toluene and 9.8 milliliters of the acetylation reagent (see below) were added to about 1 to 2 grams of the test substance was weighed accurately and the mixture was heated with stirring at 95 ° C for one hour. Then 5 milliliters of distilled water was added. After cooling to room temperature, 50 milliliters of tetrahydrofuran (THF) was added and the mixture was evaluated to the point of change against a normal ethanolic KOH solution using a potentiometer. The experiment was repeated without the test substance (blank sample). The apparent OH number was then determined from the following formula: apparent OH number cXtX56.1 (V2-Vl) / m (in milligrams KOH / gram), where c = amount of the substance concentration of the solution normal ethanolic KOH in mol / liter, t = evaluation of the normal solution of ethanolic KOH m = weight of the test substance in milligrams VI = milliliter of the normal solution used in the test substance V2 = milliliter of the normal solution used in the test substance. Reagents used: normal solution of ethanolic KOH, C = 0.5 mol / liter, titration 0.9933 (Merck, Catalog Number 1.09114) acetic anhydride, analytical grade pyridine (Merck, Catalog Number 42), analytical grade acetic acid (Riedel de Haen , Catalog Number 33638), analytical quality acetylation reagent (Merck, Catalog Number 1.00063): 810 milliliters of pyridine, 100 milliliters of acetic anhydride and 9 milliliters of acetic acid, water, deionized THF and toluene) b) Derivation of the number of acid (AN) 10 milliliters of toluene and 10 milliliters of pyridine were added from about 1 to 1.5 grams of the test substance exactly weighed and the mixture was then heated to 95 ° C. Then a solution was obtained which was cooled to room temperature and after the addition of milliliters of water and 50 milliliters of THF was evaluated against the 0.1 N ethanolic normal KOH solution. The determination was repeated without the test substance (blank sample). The acid number was then determined using the following formula: AN = cXtX56.1 (Vl-V2) / m (in milligrams of KOH / gram), where c = amount of the substance concentration of the normal ethanolic KOH solution in mol / liter, t = assessment of the solution normal ethanolic KOH, m = weight of the test substance in milligrams, VI = milliliters of the normal solution used of [sic] test substance V2 = milliliters of the normal solution used in the test substance. Reagents used: normal solution of ethanolic KOH, c = 0.1 mol / liter, titration = 0.9913 (Merck, Catalog Number 9115) pyridine, analytical quality (Riedel de Haen, Catalog Number 33638) water, deionized THF and toluene c) Determination of the OH number The OH number is obtained from the sum of the apparent OH number and the AN: OH number: = apparent OH number + AN.

Preparation of polyesteramides EXAMPLE 1 4,672 kilograms of 1,4-butanediol, 7,000 kilograms of adipic acid and 50 grams of tin dioctate were reacted under a nitrogen atmosphere at a temperature within the range of 230 ° C to 240 ° C. After most of the water that formed in the reaction had been removed by distillation, 10 grams of TBOT was added to the mixture. After the acid number had decreased to less than 1, the excess 1,4-butanediol was removed by distillation under reduced pressure until the OH number reached 56.

Example 2 58.5 grams of DMT were heated to 180 ° C with 36.5 grams of ethanolamine by slow stirring in a recipe under a nitrogen atmosphere. After 30 minutes under a nitrogen atmosphere, 360 grams of the polymer of Example 1, 175 grams of DMT, 0.65 gram of pyromellitic dianhydride, 340 grams of 1,4-butanediol and 1 gram of TBOT were added. During this, the methanol formed in the transesterification and the water were removed by distillation. The mixture was heated to 230 ° C while the stirring speed was increased over the course of 3 hours and after 2 hours 0.4 gram of 50 weight percent aqueous phosphorus acid was added. The pressure was reduced to 5 mbar through the course of 2 hours and then maintained at < 2 mbar and 240 ° C for 1 hour during which time the excess of 1,4-butanediol was removed by distillation. An elastic pale brown product was obtained. OH number: 2 milligrams of KOH per gram AN: 0.4 milligram of KOH per gram Amina prim. < 0.1 gram per 100 grams tm: 66 ° C, 88 ° C -29 ° C (DSC which cooled rapidly from 250 ° C) Example 3 227 grams of DMT were heated to 180 ° C with 69.7 grams of hexamethylenediamine in a vessel by slow stirring under a nitrogen atmosphere. After 30 minutes under a nitrogen atmosphere, 360 grams of the polymer of Example 1, 8 grams of sodium dimethylsulfoisophthalate, 340 grams of 1,4-butanediol and 1 gram of TBOT were added. During this, the methanol that had formed in the transesterification was removed by distillation. The mixture was heated to 230 ° C while the stirring speed was increased over the course of 3 hours and after 2 hours, 0.4 gram of 50 weight percent aqueous phosphorus acid was added. The pressure was reduced to 5 mbar through the course of 2 hours and then maintained at < 2 mbar and temperature of 240 ° C for 1 hour, during which time the excess of 1,4-butanediol was removed by distillation. An elastic pale brown product was obtained. OH number: 5 milligrams of KOH per gram AN: 2.6 milligrams of KOH per gram Amina prim .: < 0.1 gram per 100 grams Tm: 123 ° C Tg. -36 ° C (DSC is rapidly cooled from 250 ° C) Example 4 360.4 grams of the polymer was heated Example 1, 233 grams of DMT, 340 grams of 1,4-butanediol and 1 gram of TBOT at 180 ° C by slow stirring in a vessel under a nitrogen atmosphere. During this, the methanol formed in the transesterification was removed by distillation. The mixture was heated to 230 ° C while the agitation speed was increased through the course of 3 hours, and 62.5 grams of B 15 (not extracted) was added. After 2 hours, 0.4 gram of 50 weight percent aqueous phosphorus acid was added. The pressure was reduced to 5 mbar through the course of 2 hours and then remained at <; 2 mbar and temperature of 240 ° C for 1 hour during which time the excess of 1,4-butanediol was removed by distillation. OH number: 8 milligrams of KOH per gram AN: 0.5 milligram of KOH per gram Amina prim. < 0.1 gram per 100 grams VN: 85.2 grams per milliliter tm: 103.2 ° C, 216 ° C Trr: -38 ° C (DSC, cooled rapidly from 250 ° C).

Example 5 360.4 of the polymer of Example 1 was heated, 233 grams of DMT, 340 grams of 1,4-butanediol, 62.5 grams of B 15 (extracted, dried) and 1 gram of TBOT at 180 ° C in a vessel by slow stirring under a nitrogen atmosphere. During this, the methanol formed in the transesterification was removed by distillation. The mixture was heated to 230 ° C while the agitation speed was increased through the course of 3 hours. After 2 hours 0.4 gram of 50 weight percent aqueous phosphorus acid was added. The pressure was reduced to 5 mbar through the course of 2 hours and then maintained at < 2 mbar and temperature of 240 ° C for one hour during which time the excess of 1,4-butanediol was removed by distillation. OH number: 9 milligrams of KOH per gram AN: 0.6 milligram of KOH per gram Amina prim .: < 0.1 gram per 100 grams VN: 98.9 grams per milliliter Tm: 104.2 ° C, 214.8 ° C Tg. -37 ° C (DSC, cooled rapidly from 250 ° C). Enzyme test with Rhizopus arrizus [sic]:? DOC: 265 milligrams per liter /? DOC (PCL): 2019 milligrams per liter.

Example 6 360.4 grams of the polymer was heated Example 1, 227.2 grams of DMT, 340 grams of 1,4-butanediol, 6.5 grams of pyromellitic dianhydride, 62.5 grams of Ultramid® 9A and 1 gram of TBOT at 180 ° C by slow stirring in a vessel under a nitrogen atmosphere. During this, the methanol formed in the transesterification was removed by distillation. The mixture was heated to 230 ° C while increasing the stirring speed over the course of 3 hours. After 1 hour, 0.4 gram of the 50 weight percent aqueous phosphorus acid was added. The pressure was reduced to 5 mbar through the course of 2 hours and then maintained at < 2mbar and temperature of 240 ° C for 2 hours during which time the excess of 1,4-butanediol was removed by distillation. OH number: 11 milligrams of KOH per gram AN: 3.8 milligrams of KOH per gram Amina prim .: < 0.1 gram per 100 grams VN: 117 grams per milliliter Tm: 99.9 ° C, 226.4 ° C Tg. -37 ° C (DSC, cooled rapidly from 250 ° C) Example 7 90 grams of the example polymer were heated 4 at a temperature of 180 ° C with 60 grams of polylactide and 0. 75 grams of the pyromellitic dianhydride under a nitrogen atmosphere and stirred for 2 hours.

Subsequently, 1.21 grams of hexamethylene diisocyanate was added through the course of 15 minutes and the mixture was then stirred for 30 minutes. Product after the addition of HDI: VN: 81 grams per milliliter Tg: approximately -58 ° C, 44.5 ° C (DSC, in the condition in which it was supplied) Tm: 61.5 ° C (DSC, in the state in which supply) Example 8 150 grams of the polymer of Example 3 was heated at 180 ° C with 0.75 gram of pyromellitic dianhydride under a nitrogen atmosphere and stirred for 2 hours. Subsequently, 1.10 grams of hexamethylene diisocyanate was added through the course of 15 minutes and the mixture was then stirred for 30 minutes. Product after the addition of HDI: OH number: 2 milligrams of KOH per gram Acid number: 2.7 milligrams of KOH per gram

Claims

R E I V I N D I C A C I O N E S:

1. A biodegradable polyesteramide Pl obtainable by reacting a mixture consisting essentially of (a) a mixture consisting essentially of 35 to 95% adipic acid or ester molar-forming derivatives thereof or mixtures thereof, 5 to 65% acid terephthalic or ester-forming molar derivatives thereof, or mixtures thereof, and 0 to 5% of a compound containing molar sulfonate groups, wherein the total of the individual molar percentages is 100 mole percent, and (a2) ) a mixture consisting essentially of (a21) of 99.5 percent to 0.5 mole percent of a dihydroxy compound selected from the group consisting of alkanedols of 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and cycloalkanediols of 5 to 10 carbon atoms , (a22) from 0.5 percent to 99.5 mole percent of an amino C2-Ci2-alkanol ° an amino-C5-C? or ~ cycloalkanol, and (a23) from 0 percent to 50 mole percent of a diamino- C? -Cg-alkane, (a24) from 0 percent to 5 0 mole percent of one. 2, 2 * -bisoxazoline of the general formula I • wherein R-1 is an alkylene group of (CH2> q of a single bond with q = 2, 3 or 4, or a phenylene group, wherein the total of the individual molar percentages is 100 molar percent , and wherein the molar ratio of (al) to (a2) is selected within the scale of 0.4: 1 to 1.5: 1, with the proviso that the polyester tetraides have a molecular weight (Mn) within the scale of <4>, 000 to 40,000 grams per mole, a viscosity number within the range of 30 to 350 grams per milliliter (which is measured in o-dichlorobenzene / phenol (weight ratio of 50/50) to a concentration of 0.5 percent by weight of polyesteramide Pl at 25 ° C), and a melting temperature within the range of 50 ° C to 220 ° C, and with the previous proviso that 0 percent is used at 5 mole percent based on the total amount of the component (al) used, of a compound D with at least three groups capable of ester formation in order to prepare the polyesteramides Pl.

2 A biodegradable polyesteramide P2 obtainable by reacting a mixture consisting essentially of (bl) a mixture consisting essentially of 35 to 95% adipic acid or molar ester derivative thereof or mixtures thereof 5 to 65% terephthalic acid or ester-forming molar derivatives thereof or mixtures thereof, and 0 to 5% of a compound containing molar sulfonate groups, wherein the total of the individual molar percentages is 100 mole percent, (b2) mixture ( a2) wherein the molar ratio of (bl) to (b2) is selected within the range of 0.4: 1 to 1.5: 1, (b3) from 0.01 percent to 40 percent by weight, based on the component (bl ) of an aminocarboxylic acid Bl, and (b4) from 0 percent to 5 mole percent, based on the co-component (bl), of compound D, wherein the aminocarboxylic acid Bl is selected from the group consisting of natural amino acids, polyamides with a molecular weight not exceeding 18 , 000 grams per mole, obtainable by polycondensation of a dicarboxylic acid having from 4 to 6 carbon atoms and a diamine having from 4 to 10 carbon atoms and the compounds defined by the formulas lia and Ilb, HO - [- C (Oj «G-N (H) -] pH L-.t_c (0) -G-N (H) -] r-J IIa Ilb where p is an integer from 1 to 1,500 and r is an integer from 1 to 4, and G is a radical that is selected s. of the group consisting of phenylene, - (CH2) n ~ 'wherein n is an integer from 1 to 12, -C (R2) H- and -C (R2) HCH2, wherein R2 is methyl or ethyl, and polyoxazolines with repeat unit III wherein R3 is hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 5 to 8 carbon atoms, phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted up to three times by the alkyl groups of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or tetrahydrofuryl, where the polyesteramides P2 have a molecular weight (Mn) within the scale of 4, 000 to 40,000 grams per mole, a viscosity number within the range of 30 to 450 grams per milliliter (which is measured in o-dichlorobenzene / phenol (weight ratio of 50/50) at a concentration of 0.5 percent in weight of polyesteramide P2 at 25 ° C) and a melting temperature within the range of 50 ° C to 255 ° C.

3. A biodegradable polyesteramide Ql obtainable by reacting a mixture consisting essentially of "(cl) polyesteramide Pl, (c2) from 0.01 percent to 50 percent by weight, based on (cl) of the aminocarboxylic acid Bl, and (c3) from 0 percent to 5 mole percent, based on component (a) of the preparation of Pl, of compound D, where the polystearamides Ql have a molecular weight (Mn) within the range of 5,000 to 50,000 grams per mole , a viscosity number within the range of 30 to 450 grams per milliliter (which is measured in o-dichlorobenzene / phenol (50/50 weight percent) at a concentration of 0.5 weight percent polyesteramide Ql to 25 ° C) and a melting temperature within the range of 50 ° C to 255 ° C

4. A biodegradable polyesteramide Q2 with a molecular weight (Mn) within the range of 5,000 to 50,000 grams per mole, a viscosity number within the range of 30 to 450 grams per milliliter (which is measured in o-dichlorobenzene / phenol (50/50 weight percent) at a concentration of 0.5 percent by weight of polyesteramide Q2 at 25 ° C), and a melting temperature within the range of 50 ° C to 220 ° C, obtainable by reacting a mixture which consists essentially of (di) from 95 percent to 99.9 percent by weight of polyesteramide Pl, (d2) from 0.1 percent to 5 percent by weight of a diisocyanate Cl, and (d3) from 0 percent to 5 percent mole percent based on component (a) of the preparation of Pl, of compound D.

5. A biodegradable TI polymer with a molecular weight (Mn) within the range of 6,000 to 50,000 grams per mole, with a viscosity number within the range of 30 to 450 grams per milliliter (which is measured in o-dichlorobenzene / phenol ( weight ratio 50/50) at a concentration of 0.5 percent by weight of the TI polymer at 25 ° C) and a melting temperature within the range of 50 ° C to 255 ° C, obtainable by reacting the polyesteramide Ql as is claimed in claim 3, with (from) 0.1 percent to 5 weight percent based on the polystearam Q1 of the diisocyanate Cl, and with (e2) from 0 percent to 5 mole percent based on the component ( ) of the preparation of polyesteramide Ql through the polyesteramide Pl, of compound D.

6. A biodegradable polymer T2 with a molecular weight (Mn) within the range of 6,000 to 50,000 grams per mole, with a viscosity number within of the scale of 30 to 450 grams per milliliter (which is measured in o-dichlorobenzene o / phenol (weight ratio 50/50) at a concentration of 0.5 percent by weight of polymer T2 at 25 ° C), and a melting temperature within the range of 50 ° C to 255 ° C obtainable by reacting the. polyesteramide Q2 with (fl) from 0.01 percent to 50 percent by weight based on the polyesteramide Q2 of the aminocarboxylic acid Bl and with (f2) from 0 percent to 5 mole percent based on the component (al) of the preparation of polyesteramide Q2 through the polyesteramide Pl, of compound D.

7. A biodegradable polymer T3 with a molecular weight (Mn) within the range of 6,000 to 50,000 grams per mole, with a viscosity number within the scale of 30 at 450 grams per milliliter (which is measured in o-dichlorobenzene / phenol (50/50 weight ratio) at a concentration of 0.5 percent by weight of polymer T3 at 25 ° C) and a melting temperature within the range of 50 ° C to 255 ° C, obtainable by reacting (gl) polyesteramide P2, or (g2) a mixture consisting essentially of polyesteramide Pl and from 0.01 percent to 50 weight percent, based on the polyesteramide Pl, of the aminocarboxylic acid Bl, or (g3) a mixture consisting essentially of polyesteramides Pl which differ from one another in composition, with from 0.1 to 5 weight percent, based on the amount of polyesteramides used of the diisocyanate Cl, and with from 0 percent to 5 percent, based on the specific molar amounts of the component (al) used to prepare the used polyesteramides (gl) to (g3) of the compound D. i

8. A biodegradable thermoplastic molding composition T4 obtainable by conventionally blending (hl) from 99.5 percent to 0.5 percent by weight of a polymer that is selected from the group of Pl, P2, Q2 and T3 with (h2) 0.5 percent a 99.5 weight percent of a hydroxycarboxylic acid Hl of the general formula IVa or IVb HO-. { -C (0) -M-0-] xH? C (0) -M-0-] and 1 IVa IVb \ 'where x is an integer from 1 to 5,000 and y is an integer from 1 to 4, and M is a radical that is selected from the group consisting of phenylene, -C (CH2) 2: - wherein z is an integer from 1 to 5, -C (R2) H- and -C (R2) HCH2, wherein R2 is methyl or ethyl.

9. A process for preparing the biodegradable polyesteramides Pl according to claim 1, in a conventional manner, comprising reacting a mixture consisting essentially of (a) a mixture consisting essentially of 35 to 95% of adipic acid or molar-forming derivatives of ester thereof or mixtures thereof, 5 to 65% terephthalic acid or ester-forming molar derivatives thereof or mixtures thereof, and 0 to 5% of a compound containing molar sulphonate groups, wherein the total the individual molar percentages is 100 mole percent, and (a2) a mixture consisting essentially of (a21) of 99.5 percent to 0.5 mole percent of a dihydroxy compound that is selected from the group consisting of alkanediols of 2 to 6 carbon atoms and cycloalkanediols of 5 to 10 carbon atoms, (a22) from 0.5 percent to 99.5 mole percent of an amino-C2-Ci2 ~ alkanol ° an amino-C5-C? Or "cycloalkanol, and (a23) d and 0 percent to 50 mole percent of a diamino-Ci-Cg-alkane, (a24) from 0 percent to 50 mole percent of a 2,2 '-bisoxazoline of the general formula I. wherein R1 is an alkylene group of (CH2) q of a single bond with q = 2, 3 or 4, or a phenylene group, wherein the tctal of the individual molar percentages is 100 mole percent, and in where the molar ratio of (al) to (a2) is selected within the range of 0.4: 1 to 1.5: 1, and from n 0 percent to 5 mole percent, based on the molar amount of the component (al) used , in a compound D with at least three groups capable of ester formation.

A process for preparing the iodegradable polyesteramides according to claim 2 in a conventional manner, which comprises reacting a mixture consisting essentially of (bl) a mixture consisting essentially of 20 to 95% adipic acid or molar-forming derivatives of ester thereof or mixtures thereof, 5 to 80% terephthalic acid or ester-forming molar derivatives thereof or mixtures thereof, and 0 to 5% of a compound containing molar sulfonate groups, wherein the total the individual molar percentages is 100 mole percent, (b2) mixture (a2) where the molar ratio of (bl) to (b2) is selected within the scale of 0.4: 1 to 1.5: 1, (b3) of 0.01 percent to 40 weight percent, based on component (bl), of an aminocarboxylic acid Bl, and (b4) from 0 percent to 5 mole percent, based on component (bl) of compound D.

11. A process to prepare the biodegradable polyesteramides Ql of co nformation with claim 3 in a conventional manner, which comprises reacting a mixture consisting essentially of (cl) polyesteramide Pl, (c2) 0.01 percent to 50 weight percent based on (cl) of aminocarboxylic acid Bl, and (c3) ) from 0 to 5 mole percent based on the component (al) of the preparation of Pl, of the compound D.

12. A process for preparing the biodegradable polyesteramides Q2 according to claim 3 in a conventional manner, which comprises making reacting a mixture consisting essentially of (di) from 95 percent to 99.9 percent by weight of polyesteramide Pl, (d2) from 0.1 percent to 5 percent by weight of a diisocyanate Cl, and (d3) from 0 percent at 5 mole percent based on component (a) of the preparation of Pl, of compound D.

13. A process for preparing the biodegradable TI polymers according to claim 5 in a conventional manner, comprising reacting polyesterami Ql according to claim 3, with 0.1 percent to 5 percent by weight based on the polyesteramide Ql, of the diisocyanate Cl, and with (e2) of O percent to 5 mole percent based on the component (a) of the preparation of polyesteramide Ql through polyesteramide Pl, of compound D.

14. A process for preparing the biodegradable polymers T2 according to claim 6 in a conventional manner, which comprises reacting polyesteramide Q2 with ( fl) from 0.01 percent to 50 percent by weight based on the polyesteramide Q2 of the aminocarboxylic acid Bl, and with (f2) from 0 percent to 5 mole percent, based on the component (al), of the preparation of the polyesteramide Q2 through polyesteramide Pl of compound D.

15. A process for preparing the biodegradable polymers T3 according to claim 7 in a conventional manner, comprising reacting (gl) polyesteramides P2, or (g2) a mixture which It is essentially of polyester amide Pl and 0.01 percent to 50 percent by weight, based on the polyesteramide Pl, of the aminocarboxylic acid Bl, or (g3) a mixture consisting essentially of polyesteramides Pl which differ from one another in composition, with from 0.1 percent to 5 percent by weight, based on the amount of the used polyesteramides of Cl diisocyanate, and from 0 percent to 5 mole percent based on the specific molar amounts of the component (al) used to prepare the polyesteramides (gl) to (g3) of the compound D.

16. A process for preparing the compositions T4 of molding biodegradable thermoplastics in accordance with the claim. 8 in a conventional manner, which comprises mixing 99.5 to 0.5% of a polymer selected from the weight group of Pl, P2, Q2 and T3, with 0.5 to 99.5% of hydroxycarboxylic acid Hl by weight

17. The use of biodegradable polymers in accordance with claims 1 to 7 or of the thermoplastic molding compositions according to claim 8, prepared according to claims 9 to 16, for the production of molded parts capable of becoming compost.

18. The use of biodegradable polymers according to claims 1 to 7 or of the thermoplastic molding compositions according to claim 8 or prepared according to claims 9 to 16, for the production of adhesives.

19. A mouldable piece capable of becoming a compost obtainable during use according to claim 17.

20. An adhesive obtainable by use according to claim 18.

21. The use of the biodegradable polymers according to claim 1. to 7 or the thermoplastic molding compositions according to claim 8 or prepared according to claims 9 to 16 for the production of biodegradable mixtures containing essentially the polymers according to the invention and starch.

22. A biodegradable mixture obtainable by use according to claim 21.

23. A process for producing biodegradable blends according to claim 22 in a conventional manner, comprising mixing the starch with the polymers according to the invention. The use of biodegradable polymers according to claims 1 to 7, or of the thermoplastic molding compositions according to claim 8 or prepared according to claims 9 to 16, for the production of biodegradable foams. 25. A biodegradable foam obtainable by use according to claim

24. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The biodegradable polyesteramides Pl obtainable by reacting a mixture consisting essentially of (a) a mixture consisting essentially of 35 to 95% of adipic acid or ester molar derivative thereof or mixtures thereof, 5 to 65% terephthalic acid or ester-forming molar derivatives thereof or mixtures thereof, and 0 to 5% of a compound containing molar sulfonate groups, wherein the total of the individual molar percentages is 100 molar percent, and (a2) a mixture consisting essentially of (a21) of 99.5 percent to 0.5 mole percent of a dihydroxy compound selected from the group consisting of alkanediols of 2 to 6 carbon atoms and cycloalkanediols of 5 to 10 carbon atoms, (a22) ) from 0.5 percent to 99.5 mole percent of an amino-C2-Ci2 ~ alkanol, an amino-C5-C? or ~ cycloalkanoi, and (a23) from 0 percent to 50 percent molar of a diamino- Ci-Cg-alkane, (a24) 0 percent to 50 mole percent of a 2,2 '-bisoxazoline of the general formula I wherein R ^ is an alkylene group (CH2> q of a single bond with q = 2, 3 or 4, or a phenylene group, where the total of the individual molar percentages is 100 mole percent, and wherein the molar ratio of (al) to (a2) is selected within the scale of 0.4: 1 to 1.5: 1, with the proviso that the polyesteramides Pl tend to have a molecular weight (Mn) within the range of 4,000 to 40/000 grams per mole, a viscosity number within the range of 30 to 350 grams per milliliter that is measured in o-dichlorobenzene / phenol (weight ratio 50/50), at a concentration of 0.5 percent by weight of the polyesteramides Pl at 25 ° C), and a melting temperature within the range of 50 ° C to 220 ° C, and with the additional proviso that from 0 to 5 mole percent, based on the molar amount of the component (al) used, of a compound of at least three groups capable of ester formation are used to prepare the polyesteramides Pl, and other polymers bi odegradable and thermoplastic molding compositions, processes for the preparation thereof, the use thereof for producing biodegradable molded parts and adhesives, biodegradable molded parts, foams and mixtures with starch obtainable from the polymers and molding compositions according to the invention .