MXPA97003309A - Method for manufacturing without tools a rigid construction through the shoe of trimming panels and sea - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an assembly method for a rigid three-dimensional structure, removable or non-removable and honeycombed from at least two chassis (3) that have the form of frames, stairs or trellises, with uprights that are adjacent or integral, or joined through any mechanical method and bars (10), and at least two rectangular panels cut out (2, 21, 5) which are side panels (2) and / or base (21) and / or cover (5) , characterized in that the assembly between the chassis (3) and the panels (2, 21, 5) is carried out by means of the inclined insertion and by force fitting the panels (2, 21, 5), in the empty spaces of the chassis (3), perpendicular to the plane of the chassis (3) and because the shimming of the panels (2), and consequently the rigidity of the entire structure, results from the forced straightening of these same panels until their vertical section is parallel and tangent to the uprights (9) of the chassis (3), the height of the mentioned panels (2) being slightly larger than the space that separates two bars (10), if this space is the distance defined by a) the distance separating two bars (10), b) the actual distance separating a bar (10) ) and the thickness of a base plate (21), or finally, the c) real distance separating a base plate (21) and an upper cover, and also because the distance between the chassis (3) of the structure is a function of the choice of position of notches (7) and / or grooves (61) provided above and / or below and / or possibly along the panels, the total depth of the structure being equal to the distance between the chassis ( 3) added to the largest strip that is projected from the panels protruding in front and behind the uprights (9) and the bars (10) of the chassis (

Description

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A RIGID CONSTRUCTION WITHOUT TOOLS THROUGH THE SHOE OF TRIMMED PANELS AND FRAMES The invention relates to a manufacturing method by assembling for a rigid structure using cut-out square or rectangular panels and chassis in the form of a frame, in the form of stairs or in the form of lattices (in other words of stairs with monoblock vertical joined or joined together by any mechanical element). The objective is characterized by the main advantages that follow: the structure according to the invention can be assembled with the hands alone, in other words, the operator works without tools, without nails, without adhesive, without screws or other equipment accessory; the assembly is very fast and the final structure has a stiffness marked by gear and / or roller pitch. In a straight floor, the structure according to the invention is directly and perfectly plumb at the same time that it presents a great economy of material in relation to its final volume. Due to this the structure according to the invention is light. The basic materials required for the construction of the structure according to the invention are flat and, consequently their packaging and transpon e are very simple.

In addition, the materials in question are easily available in the market in the form of flat panels, in various materials such as wood, cardboard, metal, expanded polystyrene, plexiglass, glass, and so on. In the final state, when it has been assembled, the structure allows a series of cables, wires, tubes and lighting fixtures to be easily concealed in the latticework of its vertical elements. Each structure is, in fact, an independent entity that can be linked very easily with an identical one and be extended by modules in all directions. On the other hand, the actual fabrication of the structure and of the squares or rectangles, which are the basic structural elements, does not require an abundant manual labor, nor complicated tools, because they are the result, for the most part, of a simple sawing, stamping or molding. After assembly, the disassembly of the structure is particularly simple, without significant alteration of its components. The state of the art in the assembly of common materials that can be easily transformed as those mentioned hereinabove, in order to obtain a rigid turned structure by means of caliper, in other words, without using tools or other accessories, does not show no method that allows the construction of a self-supporting structure that presents a stiffness that is reached so quickly.

By way of illustration, reference is made to document FR-A-2629756 (LE GOURRIERC) which describes a manufacturing method for furniture in semi-rigid flat materials. The manufacture of that furniture or structure requires cutting, the assembly is very fast, but it is necessary to paste with rubber. In the type of assembly according to the document mentioned above, various operations are implemented to cut to size strips of material of certain thickness, to flex the strips thus cut, in order to obtain suitable shapes corresponding to the piece of furniture that it's going to be done. The semi-rigid material can be corrugated cardboard, in particular for making small-sized structures, a plastic material such as polyethylene, expanded polystyrene, etc. a composite material, debarked wood, a metal such as honeycomb structured aluminum, and so on. The state of the art is, moreover, also described by document US-A-4182244 related to a unit whose assembly is formed by four reinforcing bars to which four square panels are perpendicularly joined (Figure 1 of the document). The materials required here are numerous and diverse. The main drawbacks of these structures are the possibility of the overall flow of the unit and / or the collapse under the effect of the weight and / or the stresses due to the shocks to which the structure of the frame is subjected to storage. The invention will be better understood if it is perceived to refer to an assembly method for a removable three-dimensional rigid removable structure., of at least two chasises in the form of a single frame (the upper and lower parts of which are hereinafter referred to as bars) in the form of a ladder or trellis, in other words, ladders with monoblocks with the straight joined parts or the uprights joined by any mechanical element and at least two rectangular panels respectively cut out for each space between the bars of said structure, whose characteristic is that the assembly between the structure and the cut-out panels is carried out by means of the inclined insertion and by means of the shoelace with strength, in the empty spaces in the structure, of the panels mentioned perpendicular to the plane of the structure and also the shim of the cut panels - and consequently the rigidity of the entire structure - results from the forced straightening of these same panels until their vertical section is parallel and tangent to the straight parts of the structure, being the height a of the aforementioned cut-out panels slightly larger than the space separating two bars, if this space is the distance separating two bars, the actual distance separating a bar and the thickness of a base plate or lastly, is the actual distance that separates a base plate and an upper cover, and finally the method is specific because the distance between the frame of the structure depends on the position of the notches and / or of the grooves provided above and / or below and / or possibly along the panels, the total depth of the mentioned structure being equal to the distance between the chassis added to the greater strip that is projected from the panels that protrude in front and behind the uprights and the bars of the chassis. It should be understood that the essential advantage of the invention is to make available to the individual individual who possesses few tools a true method of erection of a structure for various purposes. More specifically, the reinforced structure according to the method of this invention has the original characteristic that a single operation allows the simple and simultaneous manufacture of the necessary elements: chassis and associated trimmed panels without waste of material, by stamping, cutting with LASER and the like, being the main original material to manufacture the structure, consequently, two or three identical original panels whose width and length determine the width and height of the structure. The diversity of the construction of the structures stands out due to the fact that the number of cut-out panels and the number of chassis can be combined. The conjugation of the elements is essentially done following a fundamental way of working in one of the following ways: 2 panels cut out for each space between the bars of the chassis and two or more chassis. 3 panels cut for each space between the bars of the chassis and two or more chassis. 4 panels cut for each space between the bars of the chassis and two or more chassis. Here the different ways of conjugating the panels and the chassis are provided by way of non-restrictive example. However, it will be understood that the structure assembled according to the first way of conjugation serves to construct a partition or a perforated wall, or the essence of these two entities, in the same way as when constructing a beam in the spaces of which , a central cross can be inserted in order to increase the mechanical strength. Also, it is clear that the armed structure according to the second way of conjugation serves to construct a partition or a perforated wall, or the essence of these two entities, in the same way as constructing a beam, with or without a central cross of reinforcement, a bookcase or a storage unit to which you can add sides, a back plate, a cover and sliding or articulated doors and finally, with the help of a pair of chassis / frames, to build a dresser by adding two sides inserted along four slots. It can also be conceived that the structure assembled and obtained according to the third way of conjugation of the cut-out panels and the chassis serves to construct a separation or a perforated wall, or the essence of these two entities, in the same way as constructing a beam with or without a central reinforcing cross, a bookcase or a storage unit to which sides can be added, a base a cover and sliding doors, articulated or pivoted and also finally serves, after adding two or three waterproof sides and strips Sure, to build a mold that can be undone for concrete or any other mouldable material, which, after being undone, leaves the three-dimensional shape of the original structure minus the thickness of the chassis, the thickness of the cut-out panels and the part of the strips that project projecting past the uprights and the bars of the chassis. It is perfectly feasible that the structure according to the invention can be made permanent and non-removable by the operations of gumming, screwing, nailing or by any other mechanical operation carried out in its various components. In US-A-4182244 (Hutchins and Gebnard) a modular unit formed, preferably, of very thick cardboard is described. This includes a plurality of panels (1, 2 and 3) which are adapted to fit one over the other and each panel comprises a rectangular horizontal plate (4, 27, 49). US-A-4182244 refers to a unit whose assembly is formed by four reinforcing bars to which four square panels are perpendicularly joined (Figure 1 of the document). The necessary materials, here, are numerous and varied. The main drawbacks of these structures are the possibility of the overall flow of the unit and / or of collapse under the effect of weight and / or stresses due to the shocks to which the frame structure is subjected to storage. The state of the art can be better illustrated by the French patent application 1629756 (R Le GOURRIEREC) already mentioned, which deals with the manufacture of semi-rigid furniture, in particular on paper, with a honeycomb net. The field of application of this type of material is that of single-use objects where mechanical strength does not require a durable character. This invention relates to a simpler manufacturing method for a rigid structure with lattice panels in which square or rectangular windows are cut out. The method is characterized in that a cube whose surface is limited to 2, 3 or 4 faces, and product or not, of the cutout or obviously of different panels, has the function of maintaining the two or several vertical chasises, on the one hand, stamping the panels mentioned and on the other, by the intrinsic rigidity of the panels. Other purposes, advantages and characteristics will appear from the description of a possible embodiment of this invention given by way of non-restrictive example, on the basis of the attached drawings, in which, the elements that designate the same realities are designated throughout - Using the same letter or the same reference number for reasons of simplicity: - The Figures are the illustration of simultaneous manufacturing phases of the chassis and the associated cut-out panels, in the non-restrictive case where three chassis are used associated with three trimmed panels provided with notches. - Figures 2a to 2e are, on the one hand, an illustration of the phases of manufacture of a beam, a perforated wall or a division from two chassis associated with two cut-out panels provided with notches and grooves, and on the other hand, (Figure 2f, 2g), are the illustration of the insertion of a reinforcement cross inside the structures thus manufactured (2f) and the link (2g) of the mentioned structures. - Figures 3a to 3r represent a bookcase (Figure 3a to 3h) and a dresser (Figure 3i to 3r) detailing very explicitly the various assembly steps of these respective elements. - Figures 4a to 4i represent the main phases of assembly of a storage unit (Figure 4a to 4i) and of a mold for concrete (Figure 4a to 4g), the initial elements being four cut panels provided with notches and grooves and two chassis. In Figure la, the original panel 1 is represented successively. As is clear from FIG. 1, this panel is cut into two cut-out panels 2 each having three notches 7, and inside a base 21 provided with six notches. The panel is, in fact, cut out in such a way to create very geometrically different rectangles of true pictures. The length of the provided rectangles is precisely equal to the length of a true square increased by twice the depth of a notch 7 of the base plate 21. The reason why notches can be provided in the base 21 resides in the fact that when bases are placed in the chassis 3, they are placed in such a way that their lengths are oriented in a direction perpendicular to the direction of this length when it is cut off. The depth of the grooves 7 greater than the side panels is equal to the thickness of the base plate diminished by a small amount that allows the shimming of the side panel in the space constituted by the upper surface of the base and the bar of the chassis 3. Figure Ib shows very clearly that the panel 1 separated from the cut-out panels 2 and from the base 21 gives the chassis 3. This operation of quick trimming in three cut-out panels provided with notches 7 is repeated three times from three separate panels 1 The three resulting chassis are arranged in a parallel direction and the three base plates 21 are inserted in such a way that their length is opposite to the width of the cut made in the panel 1. At the end of the operation, each upright of each chassis 3 it is fitted with the help of the notches 7 as can be seen very clearly in Figure Id. In Figure Id, it can be seen that, the three chassis have been provided with their bases 21, the cut-out panels are They insert to the left and to the right, supporting them inclined, the notches 7 straighten until they are tangent to the vertical parts of the chassis 3. In this way the desired caliper of first importance for the stability of the whole structure is obtained.

Finally, a configuration illustrated in Figure 1 is obtained. In Figure 2a, an embodiment of a beam or a division (linking of straightened beams) is illustrated. The chassis is used again (in this case, two chassis). In the embodiments described below, the procedure is in accordance with Figure 1 or the chassis can be assembled and the panels cut separately. In Figure 2a, slots 61 are shown, in the same way as in all subsequent figures. It should be noted that the grooves 31 can be associated with the grooves 7 precisely as in Figure 1 as in the other figures provided. As you can see, the chassis (Figure 2a) are placed parallel to each other and horizontally. For each chassis opening 3 (Figure 2b), two base plates 21 are inserted whose notches are associated with the grooves 61 provided in their thicknesses. Figure 2c illustrates the placement of the grooves 7 in the vertical parts 9. The grooves are located on the edges of the bars 10 of the chassis 3. In Figure 2d the straightening of one of the plates 21 which fits between the edges is shown. vertical parts 9 of the chassis 3 and whose grooves 61 grip the bars 10 of the chassis 3. Figure 2e is the illustration of the same operation for the other plate 21. In Figure 2f a reinforcement cross perpendicular to the chassis is put in place. 3. Thus, in the empty spaces of the structure built according to Figure 2e. Figure 2g illustrates the straightening of the structure according to Figure 2f and the linking of this structure with two more of them identical. In Figure 3a two chasises placed in parallel are represented. In Figure 3b, the bases 21 provided with slots 61 and notches 7 are inserted. The exact placement of the plates 21 is summarized in Figure 3c, where as in Figure 3d shows the insertion of two plates placed laterally, by space, Between the bars 10. Then, in Figure 3e, the upper notches 7 grip the bars 10 of the structure, the lower notches resting on the base plate 21. The grooves 61 are, consequently, facing the upright 9. In the Figure 3f, one of the side panels 21 is straightened in such a way as to be tangent to the upright 9 of the chassis 3, the slots serving as a seat for the uprights 9 of the chassis 3. Figure 3g illustrates the same operation for the other side panel 21, which ends the erection of the structure. Figure 3h represents two identical structures constructed precisely in accordance with what has been described. Figures 3i to 3o are the illustration of a sequence of operations exactly identical to those of the Figures 3a to 3h but refers to the manufacture of a dresser.

For this case, the side panels 21 are provided with two slots each, in such a way that the side panel of the dresser 24 is inserted by sliding it along the slots in order to close the chest of drawers. (See Figure 3p for the slip and Figure 3q for the finished commode.) Figure 3r is an illustration of three stacked chests. Figures 4a to 4i illustrate both a storage unit with a door and two finishing sides and a mold for concrete. In relation to the structures described above, a storage unit and / or a mold for concrete are differentiated by the presence of a door 25 (Figure 4h and Figure 4i which is an exploded view), of a top cover and waterproof sides (in the case of the concrete mold) or finishing sides (in the case of the storage unit). For the storage unit, the lower surface of the upper cover and the upper surface of the base can each be perforated with a hole indispensable for the correct mounting of a pivot door. Apart from this specific characteristic for the storage unit, the assembly principle is identical to that of the three types of structures given by way of non-restrictive example based on Figures 1 to 3, the exceptions being that the side panels are fitted between a base 21 and an upper cover 5 and that two sides 23 are added, which, in the case of a mold that rests on the floor, and that is filled from above with concrete or a mouldable material, allows the three-dimensional shape of the structure to be constructed to be constructed minus the thickness of the chassis 3, the thickness of the cut-out panels 21, 2, 23 and 5 and of the protruding parts passing the vertical parts 9 and the bars 10 of the chassis 3. The possible recovery of the mold is, of course, a very great advantage. Clearly, this invention is not restricted to the described and represented modalities but is capable of having numerous variants.

Claims (17)

1. A method of assembling a rigid, three-dimensional, honeycomb, removable or non-removable structure, starting from at least two chassis (3) that have the shape of a single frame or in the form of stairs or trellises, comprising vertical parts ( 9) and at least two rectangular cut-out panels (2, 21, 5), which are side panels and / or base or cover, characterized in that the assembly between the chassis (3) and the cut-out panels (2, 21, 22) is carried out by means of the inclined insertion and by forcefully fitting the panels (2, 21,22), in the empty spaces that result from the intervals present in the chassis, and because the trim of the cut-out panels (2), twenty-one - . 21 - and consequently, the stiffness of the total stress - result of the forced straightening of these same panels until their vertical section is parallel and tangent to the uprights of the chassis, the height of the mentioned cut-out panels being slightly greater than the space that separates two bars, if this space is the distance defined by a) the distance that separates two bars b) the real distance separating a bar and the thickness of the base plate (21), or finally, the c) real distance that separates a base plate (21 and an upper cover (5), and finally characterized because the distance between the chassis (3) of the structure is a function of the choice of the position of the notches (7) and / or grooves (61) provided above and / or below and / or possibly along the panels, the total depth of the mentioned structure being equal to the distance between the chassis added to the largest strip projecting from the panels projecting to the F rente and behind the uprights and the bars of the chassis.

2. The process according to the preceding claim, characterized in that at least one of the panels (2, 21, 5) is cut out in one or more original panels (1), forming the latter, after the cutting operation, one or several chasises (3).

The process according to the preceding claim, characterized in that at least one of the cut-out panels (21) is a rectangle in which the length is equal to the height plus twice the depth of the notches provided on said panel (21). ).

4. The process according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the panels (2, 21, 5) are cut by stamping or laser cutting.

The process according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cutting of the panels (2, 21, 5) is carried out without waste of material in two or three identical original panels (1), in order to provide the chassis (3), whose width and length determine the width and height of the structure.

6. A rigid three-dimensional structure made of plane parallel chassis (3) comprising openings forming bars (10), and uprights (9), and comprising, for at least one bar, at least one side panel (2) tangent to the upright (9) of the chassis (3) and a base panel (21) provided with notches (7) or grooves (61) placed perpendicularly to the plane of the chassis, and which fixedly interconnect the chassis at least by shoeing the notches (7). ) or slots (61) of the panels (2, 21) that grip the cut edges of the chassis (3).

7. A rigid three-dimensional structure made of flat parallel chassis (3) comprising intervals of empty spaces forming bars (10) and uprights (9), and comprising for at least one bar, - two base panels (21) provided with notches (7) or grooves (61), placed perpendicularly to the plane of the chassis, and which fixedly interconnect the chassis at least by means of shims, the notches (7) or grooves (61) of the panels (2,21) holding the cut edges of the chassis (3) - two lateral reinforcement crosses (8).

8. A rigid three-dimensional structure made of flat parallel chassis (3) comprising empty spaces forming bars (10) and uprights (9), and comprising panels (2, 21) placed perpendicular to the plane of the chassis, characterized in that the side panels (2), tangent to the upright (9) of the chassis (3) and provided with upper notches (7) that embrace the cut edge from a bar (10) of the chassis (3), they rest on base panels (21), perpendicular to the frames of the chassis, and provided with notches (7), grasping the cut edge of the chassis (3).

The structure according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the number of cut-out panels (21,22, 5) and the number of chassis (3) are conjugated.

10. The structure according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that there are 2 panels cut out for each space between the bars of the chassis and two or more chassis.

The structure according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that there are 3 panels cut out for each space between the bars of the chassis and two or more chassis.

12. The structure according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that there are 4 panels cut out for each space between the bars of the chassis and two or more chassis.

The structure according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a central reinforcement cross (8).

The structure according to claim 11, wherein a cover is added for each empty space, and a rear wall and in addition there are added two or three impermeable sides (23) that allow the construction of a mold that is can undo for concrete or any other mouldable material, which leave after unmolding the three-dimensional shape of the original structure minus the thickness of the chassis (3), the thickness of the trimmed panels (21, 2, 23, and 5) and the part of the projecting strip projecting past the uprights (9) and the bars (10) of the chassis (3).

15. The assembled structure according to the method of claim 1, characterized in that it can be made permanent and non-removable by means of gluing, screwing, nailing or by any other mechanical operation carried out on its various components.

16. The use of a structure according to any of the preceding claims, for the construction of a separator, or a perforated wall, or the essence of these two entities, a beam, a bookcase or a storage unit.

17. The use of a structure according to claim 12 for the construction of a mold that can be undone.