MXPA97001412A - Gas-generating compositions containing amin nitrates plus copper nitrate (ii) basic and / or cobalt triamine tinitrate (i - Google Patents
Gas-generating compositions containing amin nitrates plus copper nitrate (ii) basic and / or cobalt triamine tinitrate (iInfo
- Publication number
- MXPA97001412A MXPA97001412A MXPA/A/1997/001412A MX9701412A MXPA97001412A MX PA97001412 A MXPA97001412 A MX PA97001412A MX 9701412 A MX9701412 A MX 9701412A MX PA97001412 A MXPA97001412 A MX PA97001412A
- Authority
- MX
- Mexico
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- oxidant
- gas
- fuel
- cobalt
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 20
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 5
- 229910052803 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 5
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 title description 5
- 230000001590 oxidative Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 5
- CNUNWZZSUJPAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Guanidine nitrate Chemical compound NC(N)=N.O[N+]([O-])=O CNUNWZZSUJPAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium azide Chemical compound [Na+].[N-]=[N+]=[N-] PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- -1 cobalt triazine trinitrate Chemical compound 0.000 description 3
- JAWGVVJVYSANRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(3+) Chemical compound [Co+3] JAWGVVJVYSANRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ULRPISSMEBPJLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2H-tetrazol-5-amine Chemical group NC1=NN=NN1 ULRPISSMEBPJLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- IVRMZWNICZWHMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N azide Chemical compound [N-]=[N+]=[N-] IVRMZWNICZWHMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005563 spheronization Methods 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- FQQQSNAVVZSYMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-diaminoguanidine Chemical compound NN(N)C(N)=N FQQQSNAVVZSYMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Diaminopropane Chemical compound CC(N)CN AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XFNJVJPLKCPIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Diaminopropane Chemical compound NCCCN XFNJVJPLKCPIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YTNLBRCAVHCUPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(1$l^{2},2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)-1$l^{2},2,3,4-tetrazole Chemical compound [N]1N=NN=C1C1=NN=N[N]1 YTNLBRCAVHCUPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DVARTQFDIMZBAA-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium nitrate Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O DVARTQFDIMZBAA-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 241000282693 Cercopithecidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 229960004643 Cupric oxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 241001300514 Eua Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000275031 Nica Species 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Perchlorate Chemical class [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 206010042241 Stridor Diseases 0.000 description 1
- AYTGUZPQPXGYFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea nitrate Chemical class NC(N)=O.O[N+]([O-])=O AYTGUZPQPXGYFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HAMNKKUPIHEESI-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminoguanidine Chemical compound NNC(N)=N HAMNKKUPIHEESI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M chlorate Chemical class [O-]Cl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N guanidine Chemical compound NC(N)=N ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000460 iron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010807 litter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Inorganic materials [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The present invention relates to a gas generating composition consisting essentially of between about 30 and about 85% by weight of A) a fuel, and between about 15 and about 70% by weight of B) oxidant based on the total weight of A) plus B), at least about 60% by weight, up to 100% by weight of fuel A) comprising a nitrate salt of a polyamine of the general formulas selected from the group consisting of: (I) ZHN-CO-NHZ , (II) ZNH, ZHN-C-NHZ, (III) ZHN-CO-NH-CO-NHZ, wherein in the formulas (I) - (III) the Z are the same or different and are selected from H and NH2, the remainder of A) another fuel, (IV) C2-C3 alkyldiamine, and mixtures thereof, at least about 60% by weight, up to 100% by weight of oxidant B) being selected from the group consists of Cu (NO3) 2 * 3Cu (OH) 2, Co (NH3) 3 * (NO2) 3 and mixtures thereof, the remainder of B) other oxidize
Description
GAS-GENERATING COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING AMIN NITRATES MORE BASIC COPPER NITRATE (II) AND / OR TRIAMINE TRINITRATE OF CO BALTO (III)
The present invention is directed to gas generating compositions, such as those used to inflate automotive airbags, and particularly to gas generating compositions that utilize copper (II) nitrate complexes as fuel.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Gas generating compositions for inflating automotive airbags are most commonly based on sodium azide, which, during inflation, produces nitrogen gas. However, due to the toxicity and stability problems, there is a significant movement away from sodium azide as fuel, and a number of non-azide gas generating formulations have been proposed, e.g. United States Nos. 4,369,079, 4,370,181, 5,197,758 and 5,431,103, the teachings of c of which are incorporated herein by reference. Non-azide formulations, however, tend to present their own problems, such as generation of particles and generation of harmful gases. In this way, the need remains for effective, safe gas generators to inflate automotive airbags and the like.
Patent document W095 / 09325 teaches gas generating compositions using polyamine nitrates as fuel, an oxidant which is an alkaline or alkaline earth nitrate or ammonium nitrate, plus a carrier substances to improve the ash content. While these compositions described herein have various advantageous properties, it would be desirable to provide compositions that burn at lower temperatures, a particularly desirable attribute in compositions used in inflator modules with aluminum housing or other aluminum components, and which provide SJJ performances. Higher gas
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a gas generating composition comprising between about 30 and about 85% by weight of A) fuel, and between about 15 and about 70% by weight of B) oxidant based on a total weight of A) plus B). At least about 60% by weight, up to 100% by weight of fuel A) comprises a nitrate salt of a polyamine of the general formulas selected from the group consisting of: (I) ZHN-C0-NHZ, (II) ZNH ZHN-C-NHZ, (III) ZHN-C0-NH-C0-NHZ, wherein in the formulas (I) - (III) the Z are the same or different and are selected from H and H, (IV) alkylamine-C2-C3 > and mixtures thereof. At least about 60% by weight, up to 100% by weight of the oxidant B) comprises basic copper (II) nitrate, ie, Cu (N03) 2.3Cu (0H) 2, cobalt triazine trinitrate (III), is d cir, Co (NHL) - * (N03) 3. or mixtures thereof.
Detailed Description of Certain Preferred Modes Unless noted otherwise, the percentages e t n in percent by weight. The components other than oxidant are calculated in relation to the total weight of the most combustible oxidant being 100 percent by weight. Some nitrate salts specific to useful polyamines as the primary fuel include urea nitrate salts, guanidine, aminoguanidine, diaminoguanidine and semicarbazid. Nitrate amines which are salts of amines according to formula (IV) include eti lendiamine, 1, 3-propanediamine and 1,2-propanediamine, eti lendiamine being the preferred amine of the formula (IV). Because the polyamines of the formulas (I) - (IV) are only slightly basic, generally only one salt of the monkey or / treatment can be formed; however, when possible, a dinitrate or trinitrate is acceptable. When burned, none of the amine nitrate salts of the formulas (I) - (IV) produce any solid material.
The use of basic copper (II) nitrate and / or cobalt (III) triamine trinitrate as the primary oxidant provides a gas yield substantially higher than that obtained by compositions according to the above-identified patent document 095 / 09825 because the basic copper (II) treatment itself does not provide gas when used in combustion. The only solid combustion product of basic nitro d (ca) copper (II) is copper metal (II), an easily filterable material. The only combustion product of tri-amine tri-amine of cobalt (III) is cobalt, likewise easily filterable. Thus, if the only fuel used is one or more d of the polyamine nitrate salts of the formula (I) - (IV) ) and no treatment of basic copper (II) and / or cobalt triamine trinitrate (III) is used as the sole oxidant, the only solid material produced is copper and / or cobalt metal. While the basic copper (II) nitrate and / or cobalt (III) triamine triniine treatment is preferably used as the sole oxidant, up to 40% by weight of the oxidant can be another oxidant, including those known in the art. , such as nitrates, chlorates and perchlorates of alkali metal and metal to earthy haze, as well as transition metal oxides, such as cupric oxide and iron oxide, and mixtures of said oxidants. In addition to fuel A) and oxidant B), the gas generating stations of the present invention may additionally contain additional components, such as preserving aids, lubricants, refligerants, etc., as is known in the art, to about 10% by weight based on the total weight of fuel A) plus oxidant B) calculated as 100% by weight. So that the gas generating compositions of the present invention are burned at a sufficient mass flow rate, it is preferred that the gas generating compositions are provided in the form of particles having a high surface area with respect to volume, is particles having a surface area to volume ratio of at least about 1 mm, and preferably a surface area to volume ratio of at least about 5 mm. "The high surface area can be formed into granules. small, eg, approximately 3 mm in diameter or smaller, preferably about 2 mm in diameter or smaller, These granules can be formed by a spheronization process, such as that taught in US Pat. 4,994,212 and 5,084,218, the teachings of each of which are incorporated herein by reference The compositions of the present invention They can also be formed by conventional extrusion in the form of cut cylindrical rods or punched cylindrical rods. Sj is extruded, it is preferred to add between about 2 and about 10 weight percent, preferably between about 3 and about 5 weight percent, of a binder.
The gas generating compositions according to the invention have a number of advantages. The compositions have high gas yield and can be easily formulated to produce more than 2.0 moles of gas per 100 grams of generator. The combustion temperatures are moderate, and the compositions can be easily formulated to burn at about 2000QC and below. The components are easily available, thermally stable, non-explosive and non-toxic. They can be manufactured by reproducible, low-cost methods. The invention will now be described in more detail through specific examples.
Example 1 Basic copper (II) nitrate (47.87% by weight) and guanidine nitrate (42.13% by weight) were added to sufficient water to provide a suspension of approximately 10% by weight of (D) water. The suspension was mixed in a Hobert mixer and then extruded and made spheres using a stridor / spheronizer
(R) Nica. The granules were dried in a fluid bed dryer.
By means of appropriate adjustment of water content and extrusion / spheronization conditions, granules of 2 mm in diameter were obtained.
EXAMPLE 2 Basic copper (II) nitrate (58.9% by weight), guanidine nitrate (41.1% by weight) and guar gum (5.3% by weight calculated relative to most oxidizing fuel) were mixed with sufficient water. (about 10% by weight) to form a suspension. The suspension was extruded in a single screw Haake extruder with a suitable die to form long pyrotechnic strands with a single bore of 0.86 mm inner diameter and 1.47 mm outer diameter. The strands were cut with an automated cutter to lengths of 2.45 mm. 38 grams of granules were used in an air bosla inflator. The itnerna combustion pressure was 175.75 kg / cm and the tank pressure of 60 liters was approximately 250 kPa. Both are considered acceptable.
Example 3 Typical non-azide gas generating formulations contracted in the patent litter were compared in the following table with respect to gas yield (moles per 100 grams), combustion temperature (T) in degrees Kelvin, and capacity of filtration of solid combustion products.
# of Patent COMPOSITION PERFORMANCE (9) CAPACITY% by weight OF GAS (M / DE FILTRA100 gm)
US 4,369,079 K2BT / KN03 1.3 2381 Low (45.5 / 54.5) US 5,139,588 SR (N03) 2 / AT / 2.3 2571 Pass SiO "(58.9 / 33.1 / 8) EUA 5,197,758 Zn (AT) 2 / Sr (N0 3) '2 1.93 1856 Low (44/56) US 4,993,112 NT0 / Sr (N03) 2 2.5 2844 Low (38.1 / 68.9) US 5,467,715 AT / CuO / GuNO, & 1.5 1550 Good Sr (N03) 2 J (20/69/6/5) 095/09825 TAGN / KN03 / Si02 2.75 2468 Regul ar (47.3 / 40.7 / 12.0) This invention bCN / GuN03 2.9 1760 Good (47.87 / 52.13) This invention bCN / nitrate of 3.45 1955 Good urea (17.82 / 82.18) This invention CoTTN / GuNO., 3.7 1888 Good (58.1 / 41.9)
K_BT = potassium salt of bitetrazole; AT = 5-aminotetrazole; Zn (AT) ~ = zinc salt of 5-aminotetrazole; NTO = nitrazolone; GuNO- = guanidine nitrate; bCN = basic copper nitrate;
CoTTN = cobalt traminine trinitrate (III), TAGf triamine guanidinium nitrate.
Of the above-compared gas generators, the generators of the present invention are preferred, producing a high volume of gas, low combustion temperature (highly desirable in aluminum inflators or inflators with aluminum parts), and good filtration capacity.
Claims (5)
1. - A gas generating composition consists essentially of between about 30 and about 85% by weight of A) a fuel, and between about 15 and about 70% by weight of B) oxidant based on the total weight of A) plus B ), at least about 60% by weight, up to 100% by weight of fuel A) comprising a nitrate salt of a -polyamine of the general formulas selected from the group consisting of: (I) ZHN-C0-NHZ, (II) Z-N-H II ZHN-C-NHZ, (III) ZYN-C0-NH-C0-NHZ, wherein in the formulas (I) - (III) the Z are the same or different and are selected from H and NH2, the remainder from A) another fuel, (IV) alkylamine-C -C-, and mixtures of them, at least about 60% by weight, up to 100% by weight of oxidant B) being selected from the group consisting of Cu (N03) 2 '3Cu (OH) 2, Co (NH3) 3 * ( N02) 3 and mixtures of the same, the rest of B) another oxidant.
2. A composition according to claim 1, in the form of particles, the particles having surface area to volume ratios of at least approximately _ 1 mm 3.- A composition according to claim 1, in the form of particles, the particles having surface area to volume ratios of at least about 5 mm 4. A composition according to claim 1, in dodne the oxidant is Cu (N03) 2'3Cu (0H) 2. 5. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the oxidant is Co (NHL) * (N02) 3.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08616408 | 1996-03-15 | ||
| US08/616,408 US5608183A (en) | 1996-03-15 | 1996-03-15 | Gas generant compositions containing amine nitrates plus basic copper (II) nitrate and/or cobalt(III) triammine trinitrate |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| MX9701412A MX9701412A (en) | 1997-09-30 |
| MXPA97001412A true MXPA97001412A (en) | 1998-07-03 |
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