MXPA96005379A - Bait for pests, based on petroleum - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an insecticidal composition, free of water, for use against insect pests, consisting essentially of: about 0.001-5.0% by weight, of acephate, about 20-60% by weight, of a vehicle based on of petroleum selected from the group consisting of a gelled mineral oil, a microcrystalline wax, a petroleum and mixtures thereof, about 5-40% by weight, of a feeding stimulant, and about 0.005-1% by weight, of an insect attractant

Description

BAIT FOR PESTS. BASED ON PETROLEUM FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to baits for water-free, liquid, or semi-solid, petroleum-based pests for controlling insect pests such as flying and crawling insects, including, for example, cockroaches, ants, termites, flies, etc. .

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Historically, toxic baits to control crawling insects, such as cockroaches, have been water-based. Especially for cockroaches, water is presumed necessary for a good performance of the bait. Unfortunately, water-based bait products quickly lose effectiveness due to water loss, deterioration, rancidity or decomposition of active ingredients and other factors. The studies of baits for pests, based on water, have confirmed that the loss of water, repellent properties of active ingredients and insecticide resistance are the most important factors that affect the performance of the bait, Appel, A.G. JL. Econ Entomol 85 (4): 1176-1183 (1992), Robinson, W.H. Proceedings of the National Conference on Urban Entomoloqy 77'91 (1992), and Rust, N.K. "anaging Household Pests", in Advances in Urban Pest Management, G.W. Bennett and M. Owens (de), Van Norstrand Reinhold, New York 335-368 (1986). The above problems have been solved by developing superior baits that are suspensions based on fat, designed to be applied, for example, as crack pastes and cracks for the control of cockroaches, ants and other insects. These fat-based baits have the advantage of a longer duration with attractive qualities and prolonged stability of the active and inert ingredients. Fat-based baits have the additional advantage of being water repellent, allowing them to last in excessively humid environments. In some environments, stability and browning remain a problem in certain formulations.

COMPENDIUM OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a bait composition for insect pests, more stable, and in this way more pleasant to the insect, and much more effective than previous compositions previously known. Accordingly, the present invention is a water-free, or substantially water-free, insecticide composition for use against insect pests, which contains an effective amount of insecticide in admixture with a petroleum-based fatty vehicle (such as triglyceride). A second aspect of the second invention is a water-free insecticidal composition, for use against insect pests, which includes: (i) about 0.01-5.0% by weight of an insecticide selected from the group consisting of an organophosphate, carbamate, an pyrethroid, an amidinohydrazone, an avermectin, and a chlorinated hydrocarbon, and (ii) about 20-60% by weight of a petroleum-based, fat-type vehicle. A third aspect of the present invention is an insecticidal composition, free of water, for use against insect pests, containing: (i) about 5-60% by weight of boric acid; and (ii) about 20-60% by weight of a petroleum-based, grease type vehicle. Finally, the fourth aspect of the present invention is a method for controlling insect pests by applying the above-mentioned insecticidal, water-free compositions to the areas to be controlled.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figures 1-6 show graphical results of comparative studies between the compositions of the present invention and a water-based composition, wherein the insecticide is acetate. Figure 1 shows the results of a stability study (browning), Figure 2 is a study of acceptability (pleasant taste), and Figures 3 to 6 are mortality results. Figures 7 to 11 show graphical results of studies using boric acid as the insecticide. Figures 7 and 8 are results of studies of comparative stability (browning) and acceptability, between the compositions of the present invention and a wax-based composition. Figures 9 to 11 are the results of efficacy studies (mortality) of compositions with boric acid of the present invention, Figures 12 to 16 show graphical results of studies performed similarly to those shown in Figures 7 to 11, wherein chlorpyrifos It is the insecticide. Figures 17 to 21 show graphical results of studies similar to those shown in Figures 7 to 16, where cyfluthrin is the insecticide. Figures 22 to 26 show graphical results of studies similar to those shown in Figures 7 to 21, where deltamethrin is the insecticide. Figures 27 to 31 show graphical results of studies similar to those shown in Figures 7 to 26, where propoxur is the insecticide.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The petroleum-based baits of the present invention are preferably used in the form of a paste and are substantially free of water, ie, of added water. These thick bait compositions can be modified by manufacturing to form a variety of different formulations and textures, in addition to the pastes, for example, granules, powders, pellets, and the like. The use of the composition in closed or non-enclosed container forms is designed against a wide variety of pests, such as and including a wide variety of insects, such as but not limited to, cockroaches, ants, crickets, termites, flies and Similar. Since the present invention is directed to the concept of a formulation, which is essentially petroleum-based, and substantially water-free, this may include, in this composition, any insecticide. As examples of active ingredients include compounds of the following classes of insecticides: 1 - . 1 - organophosphates, for example, acephate, chlorpyrifos or diazinon; 2.- mineral acids, for example, boric acid; 3. Carbamates, for example, propoxur, 2- (1,3-dioxolan-2-yl) -phenyl-N-methyl carbamate, or o-isopropoxy-phenylmethyl carbamate; 4. - pyrethroids, for example, cyfluthrin or deltamethrin; 5-amidinohydrazones, for example hydramethylnon; 6. avermectins, for example, abamectin; 7. chlorinated hydrocarbons, for example, lindane, and combinations of the above with known synergists, such as carbamates or pyrethroids, for example o-isoproporxy-phenylmethyl carbamate, or 2- (1,3-dioxolan-2- carbamate) il) -phenyl-N-methyl, in combination with piperonyl butoxide or piperonal bis- (2,2-butoxyethoxy) -ethyl acetal. The term "petroleum-based grease type material" means that it includes fractions based on non-toxic hydrocarbons from the petroleum industry. The term is intended to include thick, semi-solid or solid materials, which may be mixed with the active ingredients of the pesticide of the invention and with other inert components. The term substantially includes hydrocarbon materials having mixing, water repellency or viscosity properties similar to typical fatty triglycerides. The term includes materials that are transparent and water white or translucent. Broadly, the terms include white oils, purified mineral oils, polyisobutylene polymers, etc. These materials are derived either directly from petroleum feedstocks or are prepared by the polymerization of olefin refinery streams to polymeric, inert, non-toxic materials of appropriate viscosity. The term also includes formulated materials that can be prepared by thickening or gelling the petroleum-based material. Common gelling agents can be used which include both organic and inorganic gelling agents. Such gelling agents include inorganic salts, such as calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, silicon dioxide, etc.

A variety of organic thickening agents is also known, but not preferred. The term also includes a silicone oil, which is a xyloxane substituted with hydrocarbon. Such oils are typically made by obtaining hydrocarbon groups on the xyloxane that activates the petroleum sources. The term includes, for example, a petrolatum, a microcrystalline wax, a thickened and gelled mineral oil, or mixtures thereof. All these materials are commercially available. Petrolatum is a soft, unctuous, semi-solid material that contains relatively high amounts of oil. Like a gel or jelly, it is a colloidal system of non-straight chain solid hydrocarbons and high boiling liquid hydrocarbons, where most of the liquid hydrocarbons are found within the micelles. Like a liquid, comprises a mixture of liquid petroleum hydrocarbons, and is known as a mineral oil or white mineral oil. A microcrystalline wax is a higher refined boiling material of the "petrolatum", reducing the oil content through the solvent separation steps of "de-oiling" at very low levels, traditionally in the 1 to 5% scale. The refined waxes are then bleached to produce white or very light colored materials, called microcrystalline waxes. The microcrystalline waxes contain hydrocarbon chains having a molecular weight scale of about 500 to 800 and containing n-alkane, isoalkane, and cycloalkane factors. The melting point of the waxes can vary from 60 ° C to more than 98.8 ° C. Representative and preferred petrolatums of the present invention are, for example, those available from Penreco, Kairns City, PA, called USP White Petrolatum, which comprises any of the six products in the series. The most preferred is Penreco Ultima White, which has a melting point of 54.4 / 60 ° C, a SUS viscosity of 98.8 ° C at 15.5 / 21.1 ° C. A representative and preferred embodiment of a microcrystalline wax of the present invention is Ultraflex® Amber Wax available from Bareco Products, Rock Hill, SC. The material has a specific gravity at 16 ° C of 0.93, a melting point of 69 ° C, and a viscosity at 99 ° C of 13cP. Representative and preferred embodiments of the thickened and gelled white mineral oils are those available from Penreco, Kairns City, PA, called Geahlene®. The products are a group of hydrocarbon-based materials of the liquid petrolatum type used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. The name of the products of CTFA (Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance Assoc.) Is "Mineral Oil (and) Hydrogenated Copolymer of Butylene / Ethylene / Styrene (and) Hydrogenated Copolymer of Ethylene / Propylene / Styrene". These materials can vary in viscosity from 20,000 to 160,000 cPs at 25 ° C and have a specific gravity of 0.82 at 25 ° C. The most preferred of this series is Geahlene® 1600, which has a high viscosity scale. The term "petroleum-based grease type vehicle" used throughout the specification and in the claims refers to the composition of the present invention without the active ingredient, the insecticide. The vehicle is the diluent, excipient, or matrix that contains, protects, supports or envelops the insecticide. The "petroleum-based grease type vehicle" thus includes as the essential component the petroleum-based vehicles defined above, but also contains, if desired, preservatives, flow-providing agents, and the like. The "vehicle" also, preferably, may contain attractants and feed stimulants, depending on the target pest. Feeding stimulants are, for example, carbohydrates and carbohydrate complexes. Examples of carbohydrates are maltodextrins and the like; carbohydrate complexes, corn syrup solids, protein, such as yeast extracts, milk solids, sugars such as sucrose, glucose, fructose, starches such as corn, potato and the like. Examples of attractants are flavors and flavorings such as, for example, cyclotens and the like, plant extracts such as fenegreco and the like, alcohols such as ethanol, or a volatile ester in combination with ethanol. Said volatile ether is made from a combination of a branched or unbranched C? -C6 alcohol with a carboxylic acid of d to C3. Lower alcohols useful in the manufacture of the volatile ester co-attractants of the invention include methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, tertiary butyl alcohol, n-amyl alcohol, isoamyl alcohol, tertiary amyl alcohol, n-hexyl alcohol, and mixtures thereof, etc. The carboxylic acids useful in the manufacture of the ester attractant of the invention, include acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, mixtures thereof, and others. The associated reactive analogues of the respective carboxylic acids can be used, for example, acid chloride or acid anhydride. The preferred volatile ester to be used is a lower alcohol acetate ester, such as n-amyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, n-propyl acetate, ethyl acetate, or mixtures thereof. Some ingredients may overlap in category, as they can be both attractants and stimulants of the diet, for example, the proteins mentioned above, flavors and flavorings. Since any insecticide can be used in the present invention, including the classes of insecticides defined above, those particularly named between the classes, constitute the preferred embodiments. An effective amount of insecticide can vary depending on the choice of insecticide and target pest. For example, for the classes of insecticides defined above, with the exception of boric acid, an effective amount of insecticide can be as low as about 0.001% by weight of the composition. Thus, a scale of said insecticide, to provide an effective amount, can be from about 0.001% by weight to about 5.0% by weight. The preferred ones are acetate, chlorpyrifos, ciflutri n, deltametri n and propoxur; the most preferred is chlorpyrifos. Acetate is a fine, crystalline powder that is soluble in water and can easily be incorporated into a petroleum-based type of fat, forming a suspension or paste. Acetate is also desirable as an active ingredient, since it has no known resistance to the insecticide and has a very low repellency and toxicity to mammals. The other preferred active ingredients can also be easily incorporated into the petroleum base of the fat type, forming a suspension or paste. Said formulations are very stable and have an improved acceptability and efficacy. A preferred embodiment of the present invention includes an insecticidal composition, free of water, that includes about 0.0001-5.0% by weight of an insecticide selected from the group consisting of an organophosphate, a carbamate, a pyrethroid, an amidinohydrazone, an avermectin, and a chlorinated hydrocarbon, and about 20-60% by weight of a petroleum-based vehicle of the fat type. A highly preferred composition comprises about 0.001-5.0% by weight of an insecticide selected from the group consisting of acetate, chlorpyrifos, propoxur, cyfluthrin, deltamethrin, hydramethylnon, abamectin, and lindane, and about 20-60% by weight of a vehicle a base oil type of fat. Another preferred embodiment is an insecticidal composition comprising about 5-60% by weight of boric acid, and about 20-60% by weight of a petroleum-based vehicle of the fat type. As an example of a preferred oil-based, insecticidal, oil-based bait formulation other than boric acid, the following composition is found: (i) about 0.001-5% by weight of an insecticide; (ii) about 20-60% by weight of a petroleum-based vehicle of the fat type; (iii) about 5-40% by weight of a food stimulant; and (iv) about 0.05-1% by weight of an insect attractant. As an example of a preferred preferred boric acid petroleum type fat-based bait formulation, the following composition is found: (i) about 5-60% by weight of boric acid; (ii) about 20-60% by weight of a petroleum-based vehicle of the fat type; (iii) about 5-40% by weight of a food stimulant; and (iv) about 0.05-1% by weight of an insect attractant. As representative of the present invention, Table I provides a list of preferred petroleum-based fat-type vehicles, including food stimulants and attractants, with preferred scales in percentages by weight. The last entry is not a preferred vehicle of the present invention, but it is a water-based vehicle (Xanthan gum) used in the examples for comparison purposes.

TABLE I As a paste, the compositions described above can be used as baits contained in containers or not contained in containers, the application depends on the target pest. As an example, paste formulations can be applied to cracks and fissures in apartments, houses or industrial sites, where pests, especially cockroaches and ants, are most likely to reside. The pastes are applied, for example, in cracks and fissures, in the kitchens and bathrooms of the aforementioned structures, to control and annihilate, effectively these pests. The pastes can be manufactured by methods well known in the art, which essentially comprise, mixing the active insecticide in the petroleum-based fat-type vehicle, as described above. If desired, additional ingredients may also be included during the mixing operation. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not limiting the same.

EXAMPLES The following fat-based oil-based bait formulations were prepared as described in detail in Table I, together with a formulation of water-based bait. The petroleum-based formulations were tested for stability (browning) and acceptability and compared with water-based baits. The results are shown in Figures 1, 2, 7, 8, 13, 14, 18, 19, 23, 24, 28 and 29. All petroleum-based baits were more stable and had improved acceptability after eight days at 50 ° C than a water-based bait. Efficacy studies were carried out, starting each test with recent preparations of bait and preparations with 8 days of aging for each composition of Table II and were reported as an observed percentage of mortality vs. days. The same test was also carried out with an acetate formulation, based on water (Table II). The results are shown in Figure 3, (acetate, water-based), Figures 4-6 (acetate), 9-11 (boric acid), 14-16 (chlorpyrifos), 19-21 (cyfluthrin), 24- 26 (deltamethrin), and 29-31 (propoxur). The efficacy of the recent samples of the petroleum-based and water-based acetate formulations were approximately the same, while the 8-day aging sample of petroleum-based acetate provided greater annihilation than the base-based acetate bait of corresponding water.

TABLE Description and Preparation of Test Formulations * The microcpstalin wax must be heated to 71 ° C before adding the premixes, as discussed below Mix until the bait hardens slightly. Prepare a base of 15.0% Xanthan / 85% water by slowly adding xanthan gum to water until it gels (mix 20 minutes at room temperature). This "water-based" medium has a viscosity similar to petrolatum (Ultima White). 1. Boric acid baits: pre-mix all powders and add to the base. Add the boric acid at the end and mix thoroughly until homogeneous. 2. Deltametrin baits: pre-mix all powders, add to the base and mix until homogeneous. Add to the end (Concentrate of deltamethrin) Suspended. 3. Propoxur baits: Grind the technical propoxur to a fine powder and add to the premix. Add the premix to the base and mix thoroughly. 4. Chlorpyrifos: premix the powders and add to the base. Melt the chlorpyrifos (43 ° C), add to the end and mix thoroughly. 5. Cyfluthrin: Add Tempo 20WP cyfluthrin concentrate to the premix and add to the base. Mix thoroughly. 6. Acetate: grind Orthene PCO II acetate concentrate to a powder and add to a premix. Add the premix to the base and mix thoroughly.

METHODS FOR BAIT EVALUATIONS Test for Heat Stability (Browning) Purpose To determine the relative changes in color and / or viscosity of bait formulations from accelerated aging treatments.

Materials 1. Bait formulas for Table II for research. 2. 50 ml translucent glass containers or similar containers for storage of the bait. 3. Mettle spatula to mix and place the bait in the containers. 4. A balance to measure the bait and the viscosity / texture of the test bait at touch. 5. "Blue M" or a similar oven to age the bait containers, continuously, at approximately 50 ° C.

Methods 1. Using the spatula, 5.0 g of the bait was smeared onto the upper section of a container so that the bait was firmly adhered to the container. 2 containers were prepared per bait formula and labeled with formula No. and the time equal to zero. 2. A container was placed in the oven and aged for an appropriate period at 50 ° C. The other container was kept at room temperature and was used to compare the changes in color and viscosity with the aged container. 3. The aged vessels were removed from the oven on days 1, 2, 4 and 8 and visual observations were made of discoloration (usually browning) and viscosity changes (usually reduced viscosity = melting or softening, sometimes viscosity increased = hardening), using a container at room temperature for comparison. 4. Browning observations were assessed. for browning, the scale from 0.0 to 5.0 represents "no change" to "significant browning" for the bait, respectively.

Test to Investigate the Acceptability and Efficiency (Mortality) of Baits for Cockroach Purpose To determine the acceptability and effectiveness of bait formulations for the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.).

Materials 1. Bait formulas for research. (Formulations of Table I I). 2. Vine glass jars coated, on the upper lip with petrolatum to prevent leakage. 3. Mettle spatula to mix and apply the bait. 4. Balance to weigh the bait. 5. German cockroaches; 10 per jar. 6. Stopwatch. 7. Test formulas (recent or aged for eight days at 50 ° C).

Methods 1. Let acclimatize the German cockroaches for 4 hours with food and water in the jars. Allow alternate foods and water to be present during the trial period. 2. Apply 0.3 g of the bait to a lip of an inverted plastic weighing trough (simulated treatment of cracks and fissures). 3. After the acclimatization, approximately 4 hours, place, in flat form, the weighing pan with the bait (and inverted) in the jug. Repeats in sequence for all jars with cockroaches. 4. For each jar containing a weighing pan with bait, evaluate the visual observations of attraction and acceptability of 1.0-5.0 (1.0 = at least attractive or acceptable, 5.0 = very attractive or acceptable). Allow an observation time of 2.0 minutes and six replications of each treatment combination (six weight troughs in six separate jars for each stage of life). 5. Measure the number of moribund cockroaches, every day after exposure and record the percentage of mortality over time. The above specification, examples and data provide a complete description of the manufacture and use of the composition of the invention. Since many embodiments of the invention can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, the invention resides in the appended claims.

Claims (1)

1. CLAIMS 1 - . 1 - An insecticidal composition for use against insect pests, comprising an effective amount of an insecticide in admixture with a petroleum-based vehicle of the fat type, wherein the composition is substantially free of water. 2 - The composition of claim 1, wherein the fat-based petroleum-based vehicle comprises a gelled mineral oil, a microcrystalline wax, a petrolatum, or mixtures thereof. 3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the insecticide is selected from the group consisting of an organophosphate, a mineral acid, a carbamate, a pyrethroid, an amidinohydrazone, an avermectin, and a chlorinated hydrocarbon. 4. The composition of claim 3, wherein the insecticide is selected from the group consisting of acetate, boric acid, chlorpyrifos, propoxur, cyfluthrin, deltamethrin, hydramethylnon, abamectin and lindane. 5. The composition of claim 1, wherein the insecticide is a combination of a carbamate or pyrethroid insecticide with a piperonyl butoxide or piperonal-bis- (2- (2-butoxyethoxy) ethyl) acetal. 6 - The composition of claim 1, wherein the fat-based petroleum-based vehicle further comprises an insect attractant. 7 -. 7 - The composition of claim 1, wherein the fat-based petroleum-based vehicle further comprises a feed stimulant. 8. The composition of claim 1, wherein it comprises about 0.001-5.0% by weight of an insecticide selected from the group consisting of an organophosphate, a carbamate, a pyrethroid, an amidinohydrazone, an avermectin, and a chlorinated hydrocarbon, and about 20-60% by weight of a petroleum base of the fat type. 9 - The composition of claim 8, wherein the insecticide is selected from the group consisting of acetate, chloropyrifos, propoxur, cyfluthrin, deltamethrin, hydramethylnon, abamectin and lindane. 10. The composition of claim 1, wherein it comprises about 5-60% boric acid and about 20-60% by weight of a petroleum-based vehicle of the fat type. 11. The composition of claim 1, wherein it is in the form of paste. 12 - An insecticidal, water-free composition for use against insect pests, consisting essentially of: about 0.001-5.0% by weight of an insecticide selected from the group consisting of an organophosphate, a carbamate, a pyrethroid, an amidinohydrazone, an avermectin, and a chlorinated hydrocarbon; about 20-60% by weight of a petroleum-based vehicle of the fat type; about 5-40% by weight of a stimulant, and about 0.05-1% by weight of an insect attractant. 13. The composition of claim 12, wherein the insecticide is selected from the group consisting of acetate, chloropyrifos, propoxur, cyfluthrin, deltamethrin, hydramethylnon, abamectin and lindane. 14. The composition of claim 13, wherein the oil base of the fat type is a gelled mineral oil, a microcrystalline wax, a petrolatum, or mixtures thereof. 15. An insecticidal, water-free composition for use against insect pests, consisting essentially of: about 5-60% by weight of boric acid; about 20-60% by weight of a petroleum-based vehicle of the fat type; about 5-40% by weight of a food stimulant; and about 0.05-1% by weight of an insect attractant. 16. The composition of claim 15, wherein the fat-based petroleum-based vehicle is a gelled mineral oil, a microcrystalline wax, a petrolatum, or mixtures thereof.