MXPA96004941A - Supply of heat to an energy system that is extername - Google Patents
Supply of heat to an energy system that is externameInfo
- Publication number
- MXPA96004941A MXPA96004941A MXPA/A/1996/004941A MX9604941A MXPA96004941A MX PA96004941 A MXPA96004941 A MX PA96004941A MX 9604941 A MX9604941 A MX 9604941A MX PA96004941 A MXPA96004941 A MX PA96004941A
- Authority
- MX
- Mexico
- Prior art keywords
- combustion
- stream
- zone
- working fluid
- combustion zone
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011555 saturated liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The present invention relates to a method for supplying heat to an externally ignited energy system, which includes the steps of: supplying a first air stream and a first portion of the total amount of combustion fuel to a first zone of combustion, burn the first portion of the fuel in the first combustion zone to form a first stream of gas flow, transfer heat from the first combustion zone to a first stream of working fluid from an energy system that is ignited externally , in first conduits of the heat exchanger located in the first combustion zone, an amount of fuel and air supplied to the first combustion zone is adjusted to control the temperature of the first combustion zone at a previously determined first value; first stream of flow gas, a second stream of air, and a second portion of the flow Total amount of combustion fuel to a second combustion zone, burning the second fuel portion in the second combustion zone to form a second flow gas stream, and transferring heat from the second combustion zone to a second fluid stream Working from a power system that is externally turned on in seconds exposed heat exchanger conduits located within the second combustion zone, the second working fluid stream is independent of the first working fluid stream, a quantity of fuel and air supplied to the second combustion zone is adjusted to control the temperature of the second combustion zone to a second predetermined value
Description
SUPPLYING HEAT TO AN ENERGY SYSTEM THAT IS TURNED ON EXTERNALLY
Background of the Invention The invention relates to the supply of heat to an energy system that is externally ignited. In direct ignition power plants, fuel, eg, pulverized coal, is burned in a combustion chamber, where combustion air, typically preheated, is supplied. The tubes surrounding the fire zone contain a working fluid (eg, water) that is heated to boiling, and then delivered to an energy system (eg, including a turbine) to become a useful form of energy, such as electricity. Kalina, in U.S. Patent No. 5,450,821, discloses a multi-stage combustion system that uses separate combustion chambers and heat exchangers, and controls the temperature of the heat released at the different stages to match the thermal characteristics of working fluid, and to maintain temperatures below the temperatures at which N0X gases are formed.
COMPENDIUM OF THE INVENTION The invention provides, in general, the supply of heat to an energy system that is externally ignited, by using a multi-stage system having two or more combustion zones. Each combustion zone has an associated heat exchanger that transports a respective working fluid stream from the externally energized power system. Each combustion zone receives a portion of the total amount of combustion fuel, and the amounts of fuel and air supplied to each combustion zone are adjusted to control the temperature at a predetermined value. The temperature of the combustion zone can be controlled in this way to prevent excessive temperatures of the pipe metal, thus preventing damage. In addition, the cold portions of two or more independent fluid streams can be used to define the limits of the furnace, to further facilitate lowering the temperatures of the pipe metal, and the temperatures of the different working fluid streams can be made match the needs of the energy system to promote efficiency. In the preferred embodiments, the different combustion zones are located in the same furnace. The air supplied to one or more combustion zones is preheated using the heat from the gas in the stack. The heat exchanger conduits surround the combustion zones. There are also convection zones connected to receive the flow gases from the combustion zones and containing heat exchangers to transfer the heat from the flow gases to the respective working fluid streams in the heat exchanger passages in the zones. of convection. The working fluid streams from the heat exchangers in the combustion zones can be connected in series with the working fluid streams in the convection zones. Other advantages and features of the invention will become clearer from the following description of a particular embodiment thereof and from the claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a schematic representation of one embodiment of the method and apparatus of the present invention, which has two combustion zones and two independent working fluid streams. Figure 2 is an illustration drawing of the furnace and the configuration of the convection passage for the schematic representation shown in Figure 1.
Description of the Particular Modes Figure 1 shows a kiln system including an air preheater 100, two combustion zones 101 and 102, which are formed by the independent working fluid-cooled heat exchangers HE1A and HE2A, respectively, two convection passage zones 103 and 104, which include the heat exchangers cooled by working fluid HE2B and HE1B, respectively, and an external power system 105. The quantities of fuel in the fuel streams 5 and 6, and the amounts of air in the air streams 3 and 4, are controlled by suitable control mechanisms, shown as the mechanisms 203, 204, 205, 206 in Figure 1. The power system 105 can be any power system. external direct power conversion. The combustion system according to the invention is particularly useful in energy cycles and in systems where much heat is used for the energy conversion cycles, not for the vaporization of the working fluid, but rather for its superheating and reheating. Examples of these energy systems are described, for example, in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,732,005 and 4,889,545, which are incorporated herein by reference. Patents of the United States of North America Numbers 3,346,561; 4,489,563; 5,548,043; 4,586,340; 4,604,867; 4,732,005; 4,763,480; 4,899,545; 4,982,568; 5,029,444; 5,095,708; 5,450,821; and 5,440,882, are also incorporated as a reference for the description of energy conversion systems. The working fluid streams can be a subcooled liquid, a saturated liquid, a two phase liquid, saturated steam, or superheated steam. Referring to Figure 1, the combustion air at point 1 is fed to the air preheater 100, where it is preheated to a temperature of 260 ° C to 315.5 ° C at point 2. The amount of fuel in the fuel stream 5 supplied to combustion zone 101 represents only a portion of the total fuel to be burned. The combustion zone 101 is formed inside the tubes cooled by working fluid of the heat exchanger HE1A. A first working fluid stream enters the heat exchanger at point 11, and exits the heat exchanger with a higher temperature at point 12. The heat from the flow gas stream is transferred primarily as radiant energy. The amount of fuel and preheated air supplied to the combustion chamber is selected to control the temperature of the combustion zone at a predetermined value, based on the heat absorption requirements of the surrounding walls of the furnace. In particular, the temperature of the combustion zone in the first combustion zone 101 is controlled to prevent excessive temperatures of the furnace walls in the HE1A heat exchanger, to avoid damage to the heat exchanger. The flow gas from the first combustion zone 101 passes at point 7 to the second combustion zone 102. The flow gas is mixed with a combustion air stream 4 and a fuel stream 6. The temperature of the zone of combustion in the combustion zone 102 is controlled to prevent excessive temperatures of the furnace walls in the HE2A heat exchanger, to avoid damage to the heat exchanger. The combustion zone 112 forms inside the tubes cooled by working fluid of the HE2A heat exchanger. A second stream of working fluid enters the heat exchanger HE2A at point 13, and exits the heat exchanger with a higher temperature at point 14. The flow gas from the second combustion zone 102 passes to the convection passage of the furnace, entering first the convection zone 103, where the flow gas is cooled in the HE2B heat exchanger. A third working fluid stream, in this case connected in series with the second working fluid stream, enters the heat exchanger HE2B at point 15, and leaves the heat exchanger HE2B with a higher temperature at point 16, and then it is returned to the energy system 105. The flow gas leaves the convection zone 103 with a lower temperature at point 9, comparing with point 8, and passes to the second convection zone 104. In a similar way , the flow gas is further cooled in the second convection zone 104, releasing heat to heat the exchanger HE1B. A fourth working fluid stream, in this case connected in series with the first working fluid stream, enters the heat exchanger HE1B at point 17, and leaves the heat exchanger HE1B with a higher temperature at point 18, and then it is returned to the energy system 105. The flow gas at point 10 leaves the convection passage and flows into the air preheater 100. In the air preheater 100, the flow gas is further cooled, releasing heat towards the combustion air stream, and passes to the stack with a lower temperature at point 11. A significant advantage of the multi-stage kiln design is that the combustion temperatures reached in the individual ignition zones, can be controlled individually through the administration of fuel and air streams. It can be used either sub-stoichiometric or super-stoichiometric combustion to control the temperature of the firing zone in the first stage. Additionally, by utilizing independent working fluid streams to form the furnace enclosure, it is possible to use cold working fluid in the hottest areas of the furnace. The final heating of the working fluid stream occurs in the convection passage of the furnace. The invention supplies heat to a direct ignition furnace system in a manner that facilitates the control of the temperatures of the combustion zone to prevent excessive temperatures of the pipe metal. We have described a two-stage system with the combustion zones and the convection passage cooled by two independent streams of working fluid, which are connected in series between the combustion zone and the convection passage. In each case, a flow gas stream includes the flow gas streams from all of the preceding steps. Other variants may include three and four stage systems of a similar nature. In addition, separate working fluid streams can be used to cool only sections in the furnace, or sections in the convection passage.
Claims (22)
1. A method for supplying heat to an externally ignited energy system, which includes the steps of: supplying a first air stream and a first portion of the total amount of combustion fuel to a first combustion zone, burning the first portion of the fuel in the first combustion zone to form a first flow gas stream, transfer heat from the first combustion zone to a first working fluid stream from an externally ignited energy system, in first conduits of the exchanger of heat exposed to the first combustion zone, the amount of fuel and air supplied to the first combustion zone being adjusted to control the temperature of the first combustion zone at a previously determined first value, supplying the first flow gas stream, a second stream of air, and a second portion of the total amount of fuel of combustion to a second combustion zone, burning the second fuel portion in the second combustion zone to form a second flow gas stream and transferring heat from the second combustion zone to a working fluid stream from a combustion system. energy that is ignited externally, in the second conduits of the heat exchanger exposed to the second combustion zone, the amount of fuel and air supplied to the second combustion zone being adjusted to control the temperature of the second combustion zone in a second value previously determined.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second zones are in the same furnace. The method of claim 1, wherein the first air stream is preheated using heat from the second flow gas stream. The method of claim 3, wherein the second air stream is preheated using heat from the second flow gas stream. The method of claim 2, wherein the first conduits of the heat exchanger surround the first combustion zone, and the second conduits of the heat exchanger surround the second combustion zone. The method of claim 1, which further comprises passing the second flow gas through a first convection zone, and transferring heat from the first convection zone to a third flow of working fluid from an energy system which is externally ignited in the third conduits of the heat exchanger exposed to the first convection zone. The method of claim 6, which further comprises passing the second flow gas from the first convection zone through a second convection zone, and transferring heat from the second convection zone to a fourth flow of fluid from the second convection zone. I work from an energy system that is externally ignited in the fourth conduits of the heat exchanger exposed to the second convection zone. The method of claim 6, wherein the third working fluid stream is connected in series with one of the first and second working fluid streams. The method of claim 7, wherein the third working fluid stream is connected in series with one of the first and second working fluid streams, and the fourth working fluid stream is connected in series with the other of the first and second working fluid streams. The method of claim 7, wherein the first and second air streams are preheated using heat from the second flow gas stream received from the second convection zone. The method of claim 1, which further comprises: providing one or more additional combustion zones connected in series to receive the second stream of flow gas, other respective air streams, and other respective portions of the total amount of combustion fuel, burning the other respective portions of the total amount of fuel in the other combustion zones, to form other respective flow gas streams, and transferring heat from the other zones of combustion. combustion to the other respective working fluid streams from an energy system that is externally ignited in other heat exchanger passages exposed to the other combustion zones, the quantities of fuel and air supplied to the other combustion zones being adjusted to control the temperatures of the other combustion zones in respective predetermined values. 12. An apparatus for supplying heat to an externally ignited power system, which comprises: a first combustion zone connected to receive a first air stream and a first portion of the total combustion fuel quantity, and to provide a first flow gas stream including the products of burning the first fuel portion in the first combustion zone, first conduits of the heat exchanger exposed to the first combustion zone, and conveying a first working fluid stream from an energy system that is externally ignited, control mechanisms to control the amount of fuel and air supplied to the first combustion zone, to control the temperature of the first combustion zone at a previously determined first value, a second combustion zone connected to receive the first stream of flow gas, a second stream of air, and a second portion of the total amount of combustion fuel, and to provide a second stream of flow gas that includes the products of burning the second portion of fuel in the second combustion zone, second conduits of the heat exchanger exposed to the second combustion zone, and transporting a second stream of working fluid from an externally powered power system, and control mechanisms to control the amount of fuel and air supplied to the second combustion zone, to control the temperature of the second combustion zone at a second predetermined value. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the first and second zones are in the same furnace. The apparatus of claim 12, which further comprises a preheater for preheating the first air stream using heat from the second flow gas stream. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the preheater preheats the second air stream using heat from the second flow gas stream. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the first passages of the heat exchanger surround the first combustion zone, and the second passages of the heat exchanger surround the second combustion zone. The apparatus of claim 12, further comprising: a first convection zone connected to receive the second stream of gas from the second combustion zone, and third conduits of the heat exchanger exposed to the first convection zone , and that transport a third stream of working fluid from an externally powered energy system. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, further comprising: a second convection zone connected to receive the second stream of gas from the first convection zone, and fourth conduits of the heat exchanger exposed to the second convection zone , and that transport a fourth stream of working fluid from an energy system that is externally ignited. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the third working fluid stream is connected in series with one of the first and second working fluid streams. 20. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the third working fluid stream is connected in series with one of the first and second working fluid streams, and the fourth working fluid stream is connected in series with the other of the first and second fluid streams of work. The apparatus of claim 18, further comprising a preheater for preheating the first and second air streams using heat from the second flow gas stream received from the second convection zone. The apparatus of claim 12, which further comprises: one or more additional combustion zones connected in series to receive the second stream of gas flow, additional respective air streams, and additional respective portions of the total amount of fuel of combustion, other conduits of the heat exchanger exposed to the other respective combustion zones, and transporting other respective working fluid streams from an externally ignited power system, and other control mechanisms for controlling the amounts of fuel and air supplied to the other combustion zones, to control the temperatures of the other combustion zones in other predetermined values.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/546,419 US5588298A (en) | 1995-10-20 | 1995-10-20 | Supplying heat to an externally fired power system |
| US08546419 | 1995-10-20 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| MXPA96004941A true MXPA96004941A (en) | 1997-06-01 |
| MX9604941A MX9604941A (en) | 1997-06-28 |
Family
ID=24180343
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| MX9604941A MX9604941A (en) | 1995-10-20 | 1996-10-18 | Supplying heat to an externally fired power system. |
Country Status (20)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5588298A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0769654B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP3017106B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100248699B1 (en) |
| AR (1) | AR004043A1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE192222T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU686958B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9605170A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2188223C (en) |
| CO (1) | CO4560512A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69607914D1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0769654T3 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL119423A (en) |
| MA (1) | MA23993A1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX9604941A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO964455L (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ299588A (en) |
| TR (1) | TR199600825A2 (en) |
| TW (1) | TW311167B (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA968699B (en) |
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| US4982568A (en) * | 1989-01-11 | 1991-01-08 | Kalina Alexander Ifaevich | Method and apparatus for converting heat from geothermal fluid to electric power |
| US4899545A (en) * | 1989-01-11 | 1990-02-13 | Kalina Alexander Ifaevich | Method and apparatus for thermodynamic cycle |
| JPH02206689A (en) * | 1989-02-03 | 1990-08-16 | Yasuo Mori | Combustion process and combustion system substantially free from carbon dioxide in effluent |
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| US5085156A (en) * | 1990-01-08 | 1992-02-04 | Transalta Resources Investment Corporation | Combustion process |
| US5029444A (en) * | 1990-08-15 | 1991-07-09 | Kalina Alexander Ifaevich | Method and apparatus for converting low temperature heat to electric power |
| US5095708A (en) * | 1991-03-28 | 1992-03-17 | Kalina Alexander Ifaevich | Method and apparatus for converting thermal energy into electric power |
| JPH0777302A (en) * | 1993-09-07 | 1995-03-20 | Tokyo Gas Co Ltd | Low nitrogen oxide generating boiler |
| US5450821A (en) * | 1993-09-27 | 1995-09-19 | Exergy, Inc. | Multi-stage combustion system for externally fired power plants |
| US5440882A (en) * | 1993-11-03 | 1995-08-15 | Exergy, Inc. | Method and apparatus for converting heat from geothermal liquid and geothermal steam to electric power |
| US5548043A (en) | 1994-11-30 | 1996-08-20 | Xerox Corporation | Processes for producing bimodal toner resins |
-
1995
- 1995-10-20 US US08/546,419 patent/US5588298A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-10-14 IL IL11942396A patent/IL119423A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-10-14 AU AU68156/96A patent/AU686958B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-10-15 ZA ZA968699A patent/ZA968699B/en unknown
- 1996-10-15 NZ NZ299588A patent/NZ299588A/en unknown
- 1996-10-17 AT AT96307555T patent/ATE192222T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-10-17 DE DE69607914T patent/DE69607914D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-10-17 DK DK96307555T patent/DK0769654T3/en active
- 1996-10-17 EP EP96307555A patent/EP0769654B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-10-18 AR ARP960104815A patent/AR004043A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-10-18 CO CO96055347A patent/CO4560512A1/en unknown
- 1996-10-18 CA CA002188223A patent/CA2188223C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-10-18 BR BR9605170A patent/BR9605170A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-10-18 MX MX9604941A patent/MX9604941A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-10-18 TW TW085112775A patent/TW311167B/zh active
- 1996-10-18 MA MA24375A patent/MA23993A1/en unknown
- 1996-10-18 NO NO964455A patent/NO964455L/en unknown
- 1996-10-18 KR KR1019960046644A patent/KR100248699B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-10-18 TR TR96/00825A patent/TR199600825A2/en unknown
- 1996-10-21 JP JP8278465A patent/JP3017106B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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