MXPA96004257A - Silicon nitride ball for bearing that has high life to the fat - Google Patents
Silicon nitride ball for bearing that has high life to the fatInfo
- Publication number
- MXPA96004257A MXPA96004257A MXPA/A/1996/004257A MX9604257A MXPA96004257A MX PA96004257 A MXPA96004257 A MX PA96004257A MX 9604257 A MX9604257 A MX 9604257A MX PA96004257 A MXPA96004257 A MX PA96004257A
- Authority
- MX
- Mexico
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- concreted
- silicon
- bearing
- bearing ball
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N AI2O3 Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- LPQOADBMXVRBNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N AC1LDCW0 Chemical compound Cl.C1CN(C)CCN1C1=C(F)C=C2C(=O)C(C(O)=O)=CN3CCSC1=C32 LPQOADBMXVRBNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 241000357291 Monodactylus argenteus Species 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- OFJATJUUUCAKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cerium(IV) oxide Chemical compound [O-2]=[Ce+4]=[O-2] OFJATJUUUCAKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000003287 optical Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000048284 Potato virus P Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iso-propanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- TWXTWZIUMCFMSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitride(3-) Chemical compound [N-3] TWXTWZIUMCFMSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000003165 Abomasum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- MOYKHGMNXAOIAT-JGWLITMVSA-N Isosorbide dinitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)O[C@H]1CO[C@@H]2[C@H](O[N+](=O)[O-])CO[C@@H]21 MOYKHGMNXAOIAT-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 241001182492 Nes Species 0.000 description 1
- 102200006854 PUM3 S13N Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 235000014676 Phragmites communis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000015450 Tilia cordata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009694 cold isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001513 hot isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 load Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011776 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000131 polyvinylidene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N precursor Substances N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 silicon nitrous oxide Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007569 slipcasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The present invention relates to a concreted silicon nitride bearing ball consisting essentially of a) at least about 94% by weight of a crystalline phase of silicon nitride, and b) a boundary phase of a single grain consisting essentially of Mg , Al, Si and O, wherein the border phase of grain consists essentially of between 1 and 2% by weight of Mg, such as magnesia, between 0.2 and 1.0% by weight of Al, as alumina, between 2 and 4% by weight. Yes weight, such as silica, and oxygen
Description
SILICON NITRIDE BALL PRRfl BEARING THAT HAS flLTñ LIFE ñ Lfl FATIGO
Advanced structural ceramic materials have gained the attention of the industry by virtue of their superior performance qualities. These qualities, such as superior resistance to high temperatures, high tenacity, and resistance to thermal shock and oxidation, provide the potential for their use in a variety of applications. icacjon s. U.S. Patent No. 4,9: 15,388
(Luoek) suggests that the reliability of a ceramic material can be correlated with its spatial homogeneity, and such homogeneity can be characterized by the extent to which the material exhibits optical anomalies. In particular, I assume that the silicon generator is highly reliable when the material is homogeneous especially, for example, it does not have optical anomalies greater than about 70 microns. Lucek suggests that the earlier optical anomalies signify a number of less non-homogeneous phenomena that include, but are not limited to, regions of porosity, regions of contamination of materials such as iron, and regions that have my crayries. The silicon nitride ceramics described by Lucek, which contain about 1% by weight of MgO as a concreting aid, have a positive contact bearing ("CF life") defined by an IOL value of * at least 4 million stress cycles in the R TH TP 773 test under 6.9 GPa of applied contact stress. Although this RCF life "is one of the highest known, the commercial desire for silicon oxide materials having improved RCF life continues, Therefore, it is the object of the present invention to provide a material of r + ruride. silicon that -t Lene a life RCF supeñor.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the present invention, a bearing helix is provided which consists essentially of: a) At least about 94% by weight of a silicon mtride crystal f, and b) A boundary phase of a single grain that consists essentially of Mg, Rl, GJ1 and 0. In preferred embodiments, the grain boundary phase consists essentially of between 1 and 2% by weight of Hg, such as magnesia; between 0.2 and 1.0% by weight of Al, as alumina; between 1 2 and 4% by weight of Si, such as silica; and oxygen. More preferably, the Mg component of the grain boundary phase is between 1.0 and 1.5% by weight, such as magnesia, the Rl component of the grain boundary phase is between 0.3 and 0.5% by weight, such as alumina, and component i of the grain boundary phase is between 2.0 and 3.0% by weight, as silica, of the bearing. In especially preferred embodiments, the bearing has a value of 1.10 between 50 and 80 million stress cycles in the ASTM 771 test under 5.9 GPa of applied contact stress.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
It has been unexpectedly found that by adding between 0.2 and 1.0% by weight of alumina to a green body consisting essentially of silicon nitride and about 1% by weight of MgO, a ceramic having an unexpectedly high VI and RCF results. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that, during the concretion of the Lucek conventional silicon nitride ceric, the MgO concretion aid and the 3% by weight silica (present in the silicon as an impurity) form at least two immiscible liquid Phases in equilibrium, resulting in at least two bordering phases of grain in the concreted body. This non-uniform grain boundary layer probably degrades the strength, toughness and life of the CER. It is believed that the addition of the alumina of the present invention provides an < -On the MgO-S 2 -RI 2 O 3 phase in equilibrium, resulting in a single border of a single grain according to a phase diagram. Therefore, more uniform and superior properties result. the SITILIO mtride ceramic of the present invention can be made from typical materials and conventional methods. Fn preferred modalities, the cermica is made of a SIILCLO nitride powder or a precursor thereof. If the pottery is made of a SIILCIO MILL powder, any typical silicon nitride powder can be used. Typically, the SIIICLO nitride comprises at least about 94% by weight of the ceric of the present invention, preferably between 97 and 98.5% by weight approximately. In preferred embodiments of the present invention, magnesia and alumina are used. as concretization aids. The magnesia is added in amounts of about 1.0 to 2.0% by weight, preferably between 1.0 and 1.5% by weight of the concreted ceria. More preferably, 1% by weight of MgO is suitably added, having a purity of more than 99% and an average particle size of less than 1 miera. If at all, alumina may be added in amounts of from 0.20 to 1.0% by weight approximately, more preferably from 0.4 to 0.5% by weight of the concreted cermica. Preferably, 0.47% by weight of AI2O3 is added, having a purity of more than 99% and an average particle size of less than one millimeter. The silica may be present in the starting silicon nitride powder as an impurity. As a result, the SIIICLO can be present in the grain boundary phase of the ceramics concreted in an amount between 2 and 4% in nes? preferably, preferably 2 and 3% by weight of the ceramic, co or silica. The silicon meter and the concreting auxiliary powders can be mixed by any known mixing process including, but not limited to, ball milling and rubbing milling. In preferred embodiments of the present invention, grinding of viration is preferred. If a green body is formed, the green body formation can be performed by a typical procedure used in the art. These procedures include slip casting, injection molding, freezing smelting and cold isostatic pressing. In preferred embodiments of the present invention, the powders of the present invention are pressed cold and cold. The concrete concreting cycle of the present invention can include any conventional concreting method, including pressureless concretion, gas pressure concretion, lime pressing and hot isostatic pressing using glass ("glass encapsulation bending"). In preferred embodiments of the present invention, glass encapsulation bending is used as described in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,446,100, and 4,339,271. It is further preferred that the embodiments utilizing U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,445,110 and 4,339,271 are practiced at very high packing efficiency, that is, with the pa ons being ont reed.
EXAMPLE I
Silicon nitride powder was used with the following characteristics as the powder in this example: more than about 90% by weight of alpha S13N4, less than about 2.0% by weight of total oxygen, less than 0.1% by weight of calcium, approx. 0.03% by weight of iron, approximately 0.05% by weight of aluminum, and a surface area of approximately 5 to 9 rn2 / g. Approximately 98 parts by weight of this powder were combined with about 1.33 parts by weight of reactive grade magnesium carbonate and about 0.47 parts by weight of alumina and isopropyl alcohol to form a suspension with 45% solids. The suspension was mixed. simultaneously and ground in a vibration mill with S13N milling media. The final surface area is approximately 10 to 14 m2 / g. The resulting suspension was passed through a 20 micron tarmz and a sopar-magneto-magnetic suspension. The suspension was concentrated to 65% solids by cross-section filtration, then PVP (polyvinylidene or 1-rrolidone) was added to the suspension in an amount of about 1.25% by weight of the powder. Then, dry in an explosion-proof spray dryer, the dry powder was then passed through a 30 mesh screen sieve. All the above operations were carried out on a clean class 1000 dedicated to treatment of children. The dry agglomerated powder was pressed isostat i carnent or cold at 2.2 kg / cm2 in millimeters and was crushed in varilas that had a diameter of approximately 1.3 cm and a length of approximately 9.5 crn. The compacts were burned with air at 600 ° C to eliminate the PVP Samples were encapsulated in glass media and pressed warmly at 2.179 kg / m2 (20.7 MPa) for approximately 1 hour at approximately 79 ° C. .
EXAMPLES II and III
The above procedure was repeated essentially in an Lentic manner, except that 0.6 cm balls and flexion rods of 3 x 4 x 50 mm were produced. The hardness of the resulting ceria was measured. Vickers diamond pyramid hardness dentures of 10 kg car-gas were created. The average hardness was found to be approximately 15.2 GPa. In comparison, NBD-2Q0, a silicon uro bearing material of 1% by weight MgO, manufactured by Norton Company of Uorcester, MA, has a hardness of about 15 to 15.6 GPa. The fracture tenacity was determined by the fracture of 4-point curve specimens (Je 3 x 4 x 50 mm containing an indefinition of Vic ers (10 kg load) on the tension surfaces within the interior space, at a velocity of crosshead of approximately 0.5 mrn / rnin, according to the procedures described by P. Chantikul and others in "0 Critical Evaluation of Tndentation Tech ques for Measurmg
Fracture Tolughness II: Strength Methods ", 3. Arn. Ceram.Soc. 64 (9), pp. 539-544 (1981) The average tenacity of the ceramic of the present invention was approximately 5.6 MPa mi. , NBD-200 had a fracture toughness of approximately 5 to 5.8 MPa rni.The 4-point bending strength of the ceramic of the present invention was also determined, Type B specimens of 3 x 4 x 50 mm were selected. in a test assembly of 40 mm outer space and an inner space of 20 inm (ASTM 01161-90) The average bending strength was determined to be approximately 950 MPa.Fn comparison, NBD- 200 has a resistance to The tensile strength was also analyzed by the ASCERA tension test procedure, which is discussed in Bpt. Wax, Trans J., 89, 21-23, 1990. tension of the present invention was found to be approximately 475 MPa In comparison, NBD-200 has a tensile strength of approximately 400 MPa. The rods made in Example II were subjected to contact fatigue tests (RCF), specifically the 'Accelerated rider' test procedure described in ASTM-STP 771. This test procedure applies higher contact pressure than it normally finds in sce to accelerate the fatigue failure of the test material. The test uses statistical analysis of data for numerous test specimens, and the results are typically normal in terms of a variable Lx, which denotes the number of stress cycles that cause failure in X percent of the specimens tested at a given level of effort. To carry out the RCF test for the present invention, three sub-beads made of AISI 52100 steel were charged against a rod consisting of silicon nitrous oxide of the present invention at an average contact stress of about 6.9 GPa. The rod rotated to approximately 3,600 rprn with an electric motor. Both the suspended balls and the rod were lubricated with lubricating oil supplied by a gotoo dispenser at a speed of approximately 8 drops per minute. The test produced traces of circumferential fatigue in the rod that were approximately 0.25 c in width. The silicon molecule of the present invention displayed normal failure modes and uniform use. Of the 24 rods of the present invention that were subjected to RFL tests, the first rod failed at approximately 54 million cycles. Yes. a slope of Ueibull of about 0.74 is assumed (that is, it is assumed that the present invention + has the same failure rate as NBD-2G0), an IOL of about f) 0 million cycles is made by the present invention . In comparison, NBD-200 has a life RCF 1.10 of 4 million ca closes. The mechanical characteristics of the present invention as exemplified by the T-1IT examples are summarized in Table 1, together with NBD-200 of comparative silicon nitride cerica.
The silicon nitride of the present invention can be used in a number of conventional ceramic applications, including but not limited to, ball bearings, roller bearings, simple slide bearings and other structural or use applications.
Claims (7)
1. - A concreted silicon nitride bearing ball consisting essentially of a) at least about 94% by weight of a crystalline phase of silicon mt uro, and b) a boundary phase of a single grain consisting essentially of Mg, Al, Si and 0, where l? The grain boundary phase consists essentially of between 1 and 2% by weight of Mg, as a magnesia; between 0.2 and 1.0% by weight of Al, as alumina; between 2 and 4% by weight of Si, such as silica; and oxygen.
2. The concreted silicon nitride bearing ball of claim 1, further characterized in that the Al component of the boundary phase of gr-ano is between 0.3 and 0.6% by weight, as alumina, of the bearing.
3. The concreted SLI ICIO nitride bearing ball of claim 1, further characterized in that the Si component of the grain boundary phase is between 2.0 and 3.0% by weight, as is the L of the bearing.
4. The concreted silicon nit bearing ball of claim 1, which has a value of 1.10 tl monos 50 million cycles of stress in an ASTM 771 test under 6.9 GPa of applied contact stress.
5. The concreted silicon truro bearing ball of claim 1, which has a value 10 of at least 60 million cycles.
6. - The concreted Llico mtride bearing ball of claim 1, having a value 1.1 of at least 70 million cycles.
7. The concreted silicon mtride bearing ball of claim 1, having a bending strength of at least 950 MPa.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/215,834 US5508241A (en) | 1994-03-22 | 1994-03-22 | Silicon nitride bearing ball having a high rolling contact fatigue life |
| US08215834 | 1994-03-22 | ||
| PCT/US1995/003187 WO1995025703A1 (en) | 1994-03-22 | 1995-03-17 | Silicon nitride bearing ball having high fatigue life |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| MX9604257A MX9604257A (en) | 1997-12-31 |
| MXPA96004257A true MXPA96004257A (en) | 1998-09-18 |
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