MXPA96002499A - Method and apparatus for making fibers of two components - Google Patents

Abstract

In a method and apparatus for making two-component fibers, a polymer (B), which is supplied laterally with respect to another polymer (A) and a die (12), is first distributed within transverse channels (23) provided in a pre-punch (14), and then being restricted, through the holes (16), in the extrusion direction. The channels (23) operate to rearrange the polymer mass with the new distribution on the die, to eliminate possible discontinuities of the values of the physical-chemical parameters of this mass and that are due to the variation in the direction to which it is subjected the conforming mass is diverted from the lateral channels (20, 22) to the transverse channels (23). Therefore, a constant value of the mentioned parameters is ensured through the mass of the polymer that is supplied to the extrus

Description

? . • l "METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING FIBERS OF TWO COMPONENTS" INVENTOR: ROASALDO FARE ' NATIONALITY: ITALIAN CITIZEN.

RESIDENCE: VIA PAPA GIOVANNI XXIII, 20 21054- FAGNANO OLONA (VÁRESE) ITALY.

OWNER: FARE 'S.p.A.

NATIONALITY: ITALIAN SOCIETY RESIDENCE: VIA PASTRENGO, 31/33 21054 - FAGNANO OLONA (VERESE) ITALY.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for making two-component fibers. As is known, synthetic fibers are conventionally made by extrusion through a die of a molten polymer mass. This die essentially comprises a plate that is provided with a plurality of very small orifices; in the outlets of which a corresponding number of very thin fibers are formed. By means of this apparatus it is also possible to make so-called "two-component fibers", that is yarns whose construction is derived from a combination of two different polymers. In this case, the molten polymeric masses are supplied separately to the extrusion die, at the outlet of which fibers are obtained with a composite construction made of the two polymers used (for example, so-called "side-by-side" fibers or "wrapping and core") A critical aspect of these prior methods for making the fibers mentioned above is constructed by supplying the molten polymeric mass to the extrusion die. In fact, the viscosity of the materials to be extruded, together with the very complex configuration and the very small size of the channels provided for distributing said materials will involve modifications of the design parameters related to the supply of the materials. polymeric masses melted to the extrusion die. In particular, great differences are found through the polymer mass supplied to the tro-quel, with respect to the values of the pressure, speed, temperature and viscosity of said mass, differences that will in turn cause irregularities in the supply of Polymers to the extrusion apparatus. Due to the reasons mentioned, the amounts of extruded materials are not constant and the yarn material leaving the die has a haphazard carrying size (the diameters of the fibers are very different). In particular, in making two-component fibers, the yarn is conventionally richer in the polymeric material of lower density and having a lower viscosity and, generally, the obtained fiber includes therein the two polymers used in a randomly varying relationship. . DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Therefore, it should be apparent that in the field of manufacturing two-component fibers, there is a need to provide a suitable extrusion apparatus to provide fibers of constant size, in particular a size as close as possible to the size designated. In addition, there is a need to ensure a constant and even distribution of the two polymers in the final thread. of two components. The aim of the present invention is to provide a method for making two-component fibers that allows achieving a constant or even size of the fiber of two components and having a very constant and constant composition. Within the limit of the aforementioned goal, a main objective of the present invention is to provide a method in which the supply of the polymeric materials to the extrusion die can be accurately controlled to send to the extrusion die amounts of polymeric material in equal sets. with an established distribution (for example, of the "side by side" or "shell and core" type) of the polymeric materials that constitute the yarn that is being extruded. Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for making the fibers of two components of constant size and with a uniform distribution of the polymeric materials that make up the fiber or yarn. In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, the above-mentioned goal and objectives, as well as other objectives, which will become more apparent from here onwards, are met by a method and apparatus for making fibers of the type.; two components, said method comprises the steps of simultaneously extruding melts of a first component (A) and a second component (B), in which at least one (B) which is supplied in a direction different from the direction of the extrusion, and? N is characterized in that said method provides, current above said extrusion, a step in which said at least one component (B) is collected and made homogeneous to provide uniform physico-chemical parameters of the composite polymer mass that is going to be sent to the extruder. According to another characteristic of the method according to the present invention, said method provides, further downstream of said step carried out on the component (B), one more step of supplying said component (B) maintained separately of the first component (A), in the direction of the extrusion and, then, said components are supplied in a combined manner, towards the extrusion step. The apparatus according to the present invention, to carry out the above-discovered method, of the type comprising a distribution system for distributing melts of a first component (A) and of a second component (B) and a die provided with a plurality of extrusion holes for extruding said components, wherein at least one (B) of said components > .V V ' is supplied from a direction different from that of said holes of said die, and is substantially characterized in that said apparatus further comprises a mechanism for making the values of said parameters uniform physicists of the total mass of said at least one component (B) to be established to the extruder. According to another feature of the apparatus of the present invention, said mechanism comprises a pre-die having a plurality of channels, arranged on top of said die, wherein at least said component (B) is collected and homogenized in terms of its chemical and physical parameters. With respect to the aforementioned normal apparatus and methods, the present invention provides the advantages of controlling with precision, point by point, the parameters (pressure, temperature, speed, viscosity) that affect the supply of molten polymeric masses to the extrusion die. In fact, the polymer mass supplied laterally to the die, and which is provided for its distribution towards the surface of the die, it has very uniform values of temperature, pressure, as well as other uniform values of the other parameters of the polymer mass. The discontinuities mentioned, which are increasing according to the. distance of the polymer mass to Their lateral supply region is increased, they are eliminated or eliminated during said collection and the homogenization step, which is carried out on the polymeric mass that is being supplied laterally, before sending it to the extruder. In addition, due to the polymer mass distribution system claimed herein, including the abovementioned channels, used to distribute the components to be extruded, it is possible to precisely control the supply of the polymeric materials to the extrusion die. The fiber made, according to this, will be constituted by the established composition of the established amounts of the two polymeric materials, thus ensuring a uniform size or number of the finished yarn, as well as a very homogeneous composition thereof, and precise support of its shape or configuration, for all fibers that have been extruded. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The above-mentioned and other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed disclosure below of a preferred embodiment, although not exclusive of the apparatus of the invention illustrated., by way of an indicative but not limiting example, in the figures of the accompanying drawings. Figure 1 is a schematic view illustrating an exemplary embodiment of a system for making two component fibers, including the extrusion apparatus according to the present invention, Figures 2 and 3 are, respectively, an elevated side view and a top plan view illustrating the arrangement of channels for distributing polymer A. Figures 4 and 5 are, respectively, another elevated side view and a top plane view illustrating the arrangement of channels for distributing the polymer (B) , Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the detail 1A of the apparatus shown in Figure 1, Figure 7 is a perspective view illustrating a portion of the die shown in Figure 6, in which a sectional cut through the line of the transfer holes of polymer A, Figure 8 illustrates the pre-nickel of figure 7, with a cross section taken along the line of the orifices. Transfer Features of Polymer B, Figure 9 is a perspective view illustrating a portion of the extrusion die of Figure 6. which has been cross-cut along the line of the extrusion orifices, Figure 10 illustrates the apparatus made by assembling the portions of the apparatus shown in Figures 7 and 9, and Figure 11 illustrates the apparatus obtained by assembling the portions of the apparatus shown in Figures 8 and 9. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED INCORPORATION The system for making the two-component fibers illustrated in Figure 1 comprises an extrusion apparatus, indicated generally by reference number 1, which is supplied with separate masses or streams of the molten polymers. A and B, through the extruders 2 and 3, and the rotary gear pumps 4, 5. The apparatus l essentially comprises a distribution package 6 and 8, with which an extrusion die 10 is associated (see detail 1A of figure 1). This distribution package comprises: - a top plate, of ring configuration, through the thickness of which a first length 71 of the distribution channel 7 is provided for distributing to the polymer B (dotted line of figure 1), and - a lower plate 8, having a shape like that of the plate 6, and providing the distribution channel 9 for distributing the polymer A (solid line of figure 1), as well as the second length 74, 75 of the channel of distribution to distribute to polymer B (see dotted lines of detail 1A of figure 1). As clearly shown in Figures 2 and 3, the distribution channel 9 for distributing to the polymer A comprises a plurality of circular arc paths 91, arranged on the plane of the annular construction of the plate 8. This pipeline comprises the inputs 93, provided on the same plate 8, and ends with a plurality of output channels 92, which are arranged perpendicularly to the plane of the circular arcs 91 mentioned above. The path followed by the polymer mass within channel 9 is such that the spacing between the inlets 93 and the outlet channels 92 is always kept constant, regardless of the arrangement of the outlet channels within the plate 8 (see figure 3). Therefore, the time used by the polymer mass from the inputs 93 to the channels 92 will always be the same, regardless of the arrangement of the mentioned output channels 92, through the plate 8. To that end, the aforementioned channel 9 comprises a plurality of channel segments (circular arc-shaped in the illustrated embodiment) which are mutually linked in a symmetrical arrangement type wherein, in each semicircular portion of the annular plate 8 it is possible to distinguish: - a first circular arc path 911, of an extension corresponding to 90 °, provided to receive polymer A from entrance 93 and to supply said • * f polymer at the level of the central or middle point of a second circular arc 912, which also has an extension corresponding to 90 °, whose opposite end portions supply the polymer A to the central point or e of the respective circular arcs 913. With a similar arrangement, from the ends of the mentioned paths 913, the circular arch paths 914 and 915 extend, on some of which the aforementioned exit channels 92 are accommodated. Advantageously, in order to hold the mentioned exit channels in a central position, or in the innermost position of the annular surface of the plate 8, the final channels 914 and 915 are included in the line 'of the preceding channels 912 and 913. The distribution channels 7 for distributing to the polymer B, as enunciated, are provided with a first channel portion 71, arranged on the plate 6, which extends with two horizontal arms 72 and 73, oriented radially with respect to the annular construction or ring similarity of that same plate 6 (Figure 5). Each arm 72, 73 ends in turn with a respective channel 74 and 75, which are arranged perpendicular to the arms 72 and 73 and pass through the total thickness of the plates 6 and 8 (see figures 4 and 5). 25 With respect to polymer B, also, the distance lAÍ of the inlets 76 on the plate 8 and all the supply sections or channels 74, 75 to the die is kept constant by the arrangement that has already been discovered with reference to figure 3 (i.e., the trails 711 to 715 of circular arc of figure 5). With the plates 6 and 8 combined in the distribution package 1 of figure 1, the channels 7 and 8 above discovered will be mutually arranged according to figure 1. From said illustration, the arrangement should be apparent Bilateral characteristic of channels 74 and 75 for distributing polymer B with respect to related channel 92 to distribute polymer A. Such bilateral distribution will provide the channel arrangement for distributing the aforesaid polymeric materials with a radial orientation with respect to the discovered distribution package, of channel type 75 (polymer B) - channel 92 (polymer A) - channel 74 (polymer B). The polymers A and B, in the output from such a distribution package through the respective channels 75, 75 for the polymer B and 92 for the polymer A, they will arrive at the winding assembly 10 shown in figure 6. This assembly is provided with a top plate 11, having a shape equal to that previously discovered, provided with an annular chamber 13 central to collect the polymer A supplied through the channel 92. That same plate 11 is, furthermore, provided with a plurality of side orifices or channels 20 and 22 respectively arranged on the inner side and outer side of said central chamber 13 for collecting the polymer B which is respectively supplied through channels 75 and 74. Under the plate 11 uncovered is another plate 14, of the same shape, which is adapted to operate as a pre-rolling element or as a pre-die. This plate, in particular, is provided with a plurality of vertically extending orifices 15, which defines the channel for sending the polymer A, itself, from said chamber 13 to the die 12. Due to the alternate assembly of the rows of holes 15, the pre-die 14 will be provided with rows of corresponding holes 16, which are aligned radially with respect to the preceding holes, and allow the polymer B to be sent, by itself, to the die 12 ( arrows of figure 6). In addition, said orifices 16 communicate with the transverse channels 23 receiving polymer B, as it is supplied bilaterally with respect to polymer A, through channels 20 and 22 (figure 6). Below the plate 14 previously discovered, a die is provided, which is composed of a plate 12, which in turn is provided with a plurality of holes 18 arranged in the same direction as the holes 15 and 16 of the die 14. In the illustrated embodiment, each hole 18 is coaxially arranged with respect to the corresponding holes 15 of the pre-die 14. From figure 6 it should be apparent that the die 12 is provided with a chamber 17, on the annular surface or similar to the ring meshing with the plate 14 immediately superimposed on the holes 18. Accordingly, the chamber 17 will communicate, on the upper part, with the holes 15 and 16 of the pre-die 14 and, on the lower part with the holes IB of the punch 12. Moreover, since the axes of said holes 15, 16 and 18 are mutually parallel, the chamber 17 will concurrently transfer the masses of the polymers A and B towards the triangle 12 ( see the arrows of figure 6). In addition, those same holes 15, 16, 18 can have a cross section of any desired shape (be it circular, square, rectangular or the like) having an area of preferably 0.03 to 3.50 mm2. The extrusion method executed by the apparatus discovered before according to the present invention will be discovered in a more detailed manner from now on. Through the lines 21 and 31, the extruders 2 and 3 will supply the melts of the polymers A and B to the corresponding channels 9 and 7 of the apparatus 1. More specifically, the polymer A is supplied to the winding assembly 10 through of the vertical channels or holes 92 of the plate 8, while polymer B will reach the same assembly 20 through said vertical channels or holes 74 and 75 of plate 6, with a bilateral distribution with respect to that of polymer A. In this way, polymers A and B they will reach, respectively, the central chamber 13 and the lateral channels 20, 22 of the plate 11 of the winding assembly 10. From this region onwards, the polymer A will flow into the orifices 15 of the pre-die 14, in a direction coaxial with respect to the direction of the holes 18 of the die 12. The polymer B, which is supplied laterally with respect to the polymer A (and, accordingly, also laterally of the die 12) will be placed on the previous one, to be distributed within the mentioned transverse channels 23. The latter, in addition to supplying the polymer mass B from the side edges of the winding assembly 10 to the die 12, will operate as "plenum chambers" allowing the polymer mass to be properly rearranged on the die. In this way, the discontinuities of the physical-chemical parameters (temperature, pressure, velocity, viscosity and others) of the melt of polymer B and that are caused by the change of direction to which it is subjected to said mass when passing from the channels 20, 22, lateral to the transverse channels 23, are nullified or eliminated, thus providing a constant optimum value of these parameters, at any point within the mass to be extruded. The mass of the polymer B, whose parameters have been adjusted in order to properly supply it to the die 12, is then oriented according to the flow currents created by the passage of said mass through the holes 16 of the pre-die 14. , the polymer B which was transversely directed into the channel 23, with respect to the extrusion direction, is now forced to flow with a concurrent arrangement with respect to the polymer A. Therefore, the chamber 17 immediately upstream of the die 12 will be always supplied by: a stream of the polymer A flowing, through the holes 15 of the pre-die 14, in the same direction as that of the axis of the holes 18 of the die 12, and a stream of polymer B, flowing through the holes 16 of said pre-die 14, in the same direction or concurrently with respect to the flow of polymer A (see arrows in figure 8) and, accordingly, parallel to the longitudinal axis of the holes 18 of the die 12. According to this, at the entrance of the holes 18 of the extrusion die 12 will come two streams of polymers A and B which were previously supplied together inside the chamber 17, in the discovered way up. According to a modified embodiment shown in Figures 7 to 11, the pre-die 14, which is made in a single piece with the plate 11 of the apparatus of Figure 6, is also provided with a plurality of holes or channels 23 , each of which has a cross section corresponding substantially to the sum of the areas of the holes 16 that open in said channel. Due to the uncovered size of the holes 16 and 23, respectively, polymer B (supplied to the last orifices through the orifice assembly indicated by 75, 20 and 74, 22, respectively) will find, within said channels 23, a space or volume sufficient to allow a desired level of pressures, before entering the chamber 17. Also in this modified embodiment, the orifices 16 of each row of radially arranged holes in the lower part of the pre-die 14, have diameters which can be changed depending on the melt or fluidity condition of the polymer B, thus optimally distributing the latter within the chamber 17. Of course, this variation will depend on the unidirectional or bidirectional supply of the channels 23. In the preferred embodiment shown in the figures mentioned, the number of holes 16 corresponds to about 20% of the number of holes 18 of the extrusion die 12, and have no relationship with the position or distribution of the die. More specifically, according to the preferred embodiment of the invention, in a pre-assembly. die 14 - die 12 as shown in figure 10 having a primitive diameter of 500 mm, 25,000 holes 15 and 18 are provided, respectively, with a diameter that can vary from 0.10 to 2.5 mm. Due to the adoption of the size proportions that have been discovered above, it was possible to obtain two-component fibers in a "short winding" type system (which is of the short winding type) that have a size greater than 0.75 denier, with very good production results. In particular, the coefficient of variation (CV%) of the fiber count made was less than 10. Accordingly, a high equalization of the fibers made was obtained which confirms the great advantages provided by the present invention. It should be noted with connection to the subject that the arrangement or distribution of the holes 15, 18 with respect to the holes or channels 23 can be provided in radial double rows (embodiment shown in Figures 7 to 11, in which the number of the holes 23 is half the number of the radial rows where, there, along the holes are distributed 15), or also according to either the multiple or individual rows (ie, the number of the rows of holes 15 and 18 can be increased or decreased with respect to that shown in the mentioned examples). Also, in this modified embodiment, the polymers or copolymers that may be employed will be of commercially available types. Thus, according to the invention, the stream or flow of the polymer B supplied in a transverse direction on the extrusion die 12 (ie, in a direction that is different from the extrusion direction) will be homogenized first, so that it can provide constant values of its parameters throughout the mass of it. Then, the polymer B will be redirected to change from a transverse supply direction to a concurrent supply direction, parallel to the extrusion direction. To achieve a very good result in the control of the parameters of the polymers supplied to the die 12 of extrusion, will also contribute the configuration of channels 9 and 7 of polymer distribution, for distri- respectively, polymers A and B. Such assembly has been designed to provide the polymer paths to the winding die 10 with the same lengths, regardless of the position of sections 74, 75 and 92. In this way, it will be possible to precisely control the parameters related to these components as the strands are formed, which will have the desired desired size as well as the established compositions of the delivery. the materials A and B, in a similar way for all the fibers that are extruded. The incorporation of the winding assembly 10 shown in Figure 6 is of the appropriate type to provide so-called "wrap and core" strands, in the Wherein the polymer B will completely coat a central core formed by the polymer A. In this connection it should be apparent that by means of an external arrangement of the holes 15 with respect to the holes 18 (not shown), it will be possible to make strands having a construction called "side by side", or other desired texture. It should also be noted that modifications and subsequent variations can be carried out to the apparatus described above and illustrated, which may be related to the shape of the back plates of distribution (either quadrangular or in other way) and with respect to the assembly of the channels to distribute the polymers or materials to be extruded. Within the scope of the invention, the invented apparatus can be modified to include in it a single lateral channel (20 or 22) to supply the polymer B 'to the extrusion die. In addition, the cross sections of the channels 23, may also be different from the cross section shown (ie, tapering out of the extrusion die or from the center towards the edge portions of the extrusion die, respectively, in the case of a unidirectional or bidirectional supply). In addition, the holes 16 of the pre-die 14 can also be oriented differently to the orientation previously discovered and, advantageously, they can also have a diameter that increases from the point of supply of the component B towards the interior of the channels 23. : in fact, the advantages of the invention could be exclusively derived from the provision of the channels 23 for redistributing the polymer that is supplied laterally of the extrusion die. Finally, the apparatus discovered and illustrated above can be used in different winding systems, in particular in the systems of "long winding", "short winding", "rolled up" and "cast-blown".

Claims (41)

1. NOVELTY OF THE INVENTION Having described the invention, it is considered as a novelty, and therefore, the content of the following clauses is claimed as property. CLAUSES 1. A method for making two-component fibers, by means of the simultaneous extrusion of melts of a first component (A) and a second component (B), at least one (B) of which is supplied in a direction different from the direction of extrusion, characterized in that said method comprises, upstream of the extrusion step, a step wherein at least one component (B) is collected and made homogeneous, in order to homogenize the values of the physico-chemical parameters of the entire mass of said component (B) to be extruded.
2. 2. A method according to Clause 1, characterized in that said method further comprises, downstream of said step executed in said component (B), the step of sending said component (B) in a condition separate from the first component (A), in an extrusion direction and then the step of supplying, in a combined manner, said components to said extrusion step.
3. 3. A method according to Clause 1, characterized in that said first component (A) is supplied in said extrusion direction and said second component (B) is supplied unidirectionally, with respect to said component (A), for said step of collection and homogenization.
4. 4. A method according to Clause 1, characterized in that said first component (A) is supplied in said extrusion direction and said second component (B) is supplied bidirectionally, with respect to said component (A), for said step of collection and homogenization.
5. 5. A method according to Clause 1, characterized in that said physico-chemical parameters comprise the temperature, pressure, velocity and viscosity of at least one component (B).
6. 6. A method according to Clause 1, characterized in that said melts of said components (A, B) each have an equal travel time from the entrances to the exits of their respective distribution paths.
7. 7. A method according to Clause 1, characterized in that said method is appropriate for making fibers "side by side" and "wrap and core".
8. 8. A method according to Clause 1, characterized in that said method provides fibers of two components that have a size greater than 0.75 denier and with a coefficient of variation (CV%) less than 10.
9. 9. A method according to Clause 8, characterized in that said method is carried out by a system of the "fast winding" type.
10. 10. An apparatus for making fibers of two components by a method according to Clause 1 / of the type comprising a distribution system for distributing melts of a first component (A) and a second component (B), a extrusion die (12) provided with holes for extruding said components, wherein at least one (B) of said components is supplied in a direction different from that of said orifices (18), characterized in that said apparatus further comprises mechanisms for homogenize the values of said physical parameters of the entire mass of said at least one component (B) to be extruded.
11. An apparatus according to Clause 10, characterized in that said mechanisms comprise a pre-die (14) provided with a plurality of channels (23) arranged on said extrusion die (12), wherein at least said component (B) is collected and homogenized in the physical chemical parameters of the same.
12. 12. An apparatus according to Clause 11, characterized in that said pre-die (14) is further provided with a plurality of orifices or channels (16) for supplying at least said component (B), at said output. channels (23), in the direction of said holes (18) of said extrusion die (12).
13. 13. An appliance in accordance with Clause 12, characterized in that each channel (23) has a transverse section equal to or not less than the sum of the areas' of said holes (16) opening to said channel.
14. 14. An apparatus according to Clause 12, characterized in that the number of said orifices (16) corresponds to 20% of the number of the holes (18) of the extrusion die (12), and where the said area holes (16) is not greater than the area of said holes (18).
15. 15. An apparatus according to Clause 12, characterized in that said pre-punch (12) is further provided with a plurality of holes (15) to supply the other component (A) in the same direction of the holes (18) of the extrusion die (12).
16. 16. An apparatus according to Clause 15, characterized in that said holes (15, 16) are arranged in a relationship of mutual alignment in the horizontal plane of the pre-die (14).
17. 17. An apparatus according to Clause 16, characterized in that said holes (15) and respectively (16) are arranged according to alternating rows in said pre-die (14).
18. 18. An apparatus according to Clause 15, characterized in that said apparatus further comprises a chamber (17), arranged between said pre-die (14) and extrusion die (12), suitable for receiving the concurrent streams of said components (A, B) coming from said pre-die (14) in order to transfer said equal flow streams to said extrusion die (12).
19. 19. An apparatus according to Clause 10, characterized in that said distribution system comprises a package of superimposed plates to provide a stream of the component (B) that is supplied either uni-directionally or bidirectionally with respect to said component ( TO) .
20. 20. An apparatus according to Clause 19, characterized in that said distribution package consists of an upper plate (6) that includes a first portion (71) of a distribution channel (7) for distributing said component (B).
21. 21. An apparatus according to Clause 20, characterized in that said distribution package further consists of a plate (8), arranged below the plate (6) where a channel (9) is formed to distribute said component (A ), and a second distribution portion (74, 75) for distributing said component (B), either with an orientation or unidirectional or bilateral with respect to said distribution channel for distributing said component (A).
22. 22. An apparatus according to Clause 21, characterized in that said distribution channels (7, 9) have the same length extensions, from the entry of the respective polymers, to the outputs of said polymers to the winding assembly (10).
23. 23. An apparatus according to Clause 22, characterized in that said channels (7, 9) comprise a plurality of segments of joined channels, which are joined in a symmetrical arrangement.
24. 24. An apparatus according to Clause 23, characterized in that said channels (7, 9) comprise a plurality of channel segments, arranged in the horizontal plane of said distribution package, from where one - l (711, 911 ) supplies the polymer mass to an array of paths (712-715) respectively, and (912-915) provided, at the end thereof, with outlet sections (74, 75, 92) for discharging said polymer to the assembly (10) Winding.
25. 25. An apparatus according to Clause 20, characterized in that said first portion (71) of said distribution channel (7) for distributing said component. (B) extends with two horizontal arms (72, 73) oriented in a horizontal plane of said plate (6).
26. 26. An apparatus according to Clause 25, characterized in that said arms (72, 73) terminate with the channels (74, 75) respectively, which are arranged perpendicularly to the plane of the arms (72, 73) and which pass through the entire thickness of said distribution package.
27. 27. An apparatus according to Clause 21. characterized in that said apparatus has the following mutual arrangement, in a horizontal plane, of said distribution channels for distributing said components (A, B): channel (75) distribution to distribute component (B) -channel (92) of distribution to distribute the component (B) - distribution channel (74) for distributing component (B).
28. 28. An apparatus according to Clause 10 for making synthetic "wrapper and core" fibers, characterized in that said holes (15) of said pre-die (14) are arranged coaxially with respect to said holes (18) of said extrusion die (12).
29. 29. An apparatus according to Clause 10, for making "side-by-side" synthetic fibers, characterized in that said holes (15) of said pre-die (14) are balanced with respect to said holes (18) of said extrusion die (12).
30. 30. An apparatus according to Clause 10, characterized in that said package (6, 8) of distribution and winding assembly (10) have a ring-shaped configuration.
31. 31. An apparatus according to Clause 10, characterized in that said package (6, 8) of distribution and assembly (10) of winding have a quadrangular configuration.
32. 32. An apparatus according to Clause 12, characterized in that said orifices (16) have diameters that increase from the point of supply of said component (B) into said channels (23).
33. 33. An apparatus according to Clause 15, characterized in that said orifices (15, 16, 18) have a circular cross section having an area of 0.030 to 3.50 mm2, or a different cross section, but of the same area.
34. 34. An apparatus according to Clause 11, characterized in that said channels (23) have a tapered cross-section which increases from said supply point of the component (B).
35. 35. An apparatus according to Clause 10, characterized in that said orifices (15, 18) are arranged, with respect to said channels (23), with an arrangement of single row, double row or multiple row.
36. 36. An apparatus according to Clause 30, characterized in that said apparatus further comprises, in a pre-die mounting (14) - extrusion die (12) having a diameter of 500 mm. a number of 25,000 holes (15) and (18) respectively.
37. 37. An apparatus according to Clause 36, characterized in that the diameter of said holes (15, 18) varies from 0.10 to 2.5 mm.
38. 38. An apparatus according to Clause 10, suitable for use in systems of "long winding", "short winding", "double winding" and "melting-blowing".
39. 39. A two-component fiber, characterized in that said fiber is made by a method according to the Clause 1 and an apparatus according to Clause 10.
40. 40. A fiber of two components according to Clause 39, characterized in that said fiber is a synthetic fiber of the "side by side" type.
41. 41. A two-component fiber according to the Clause 39, characterized in that said fiber is a synthetic fiber of the "wrapping and core" type. IN TESTIMONY OF LC) WHICH, I have signed the previous description and claims of novelty of the invention, as attorney of FARE 'S.p.A. in Mexico City, Republic of Mexico on June 27, 1996.