MXPA96001732A - Apparatus and method for adding and removing a basic assembly of a communication system - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an apparatus for adding a new base station to an existing base station network, the existing base station network includes a plurality of base stations adjacent to the new base station, the new base station has a power level of artificial noise reception and a new transmission power level, the new base station defines a direct link coverage area, a reverse link coverage area and the plurality of adjacent base stations each defines an effective direct link coverage area and An effective reverse link coverage area, the apparatus is characterized in that it comprises: a controller to control the levels of attenuation, a first level of attenuation to adjust the power level of receiving artificial noise to a power adjustment in response to the controller that adjusts the first level of attenuation to a first attenuation setting, and to decrease the level of artificial noise reception power of the power adjustment in response to the controller that lowers the first attenuation level to a second attenuation setting, thereby expanding the reverse link coverage area of the new base station, and a second attenuator to control the new level of transmission power and to increase the new level of transmission power, thereby expanding the direct link coverage area of the new base station to equal the area of expanded coverage of the reverse link

Description

APPARATUS AND METHOD TO ADD AND REMOVE A STATION BASED ON A CELLULAR COMMUNICATION SYSTEM " BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION -L-. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to communication systems. More particularly, the present invention relates to an apparatus and method for adding and removing a cell site base station from a cellular system when the system load increases or decreases or when maintenance of the base station is required.

II Description of the Related Art In some cellular telephone systems, personal communication systems, and wireless loop or local loop systems using the code division multiple access coding (CDMA) technique, a common frequency band is used for communication with all base stations in a system. The common frequency band allows communication, simultaneously, between a mobile unit and more than one base station. The signals that occupy the common frequency band are discriminated at the receiving terminal (either within the base station or from the mobile unit) by means of the broad spectrum CDMA waveform properties, based on the use of radio frequency codes. pseudo-noise P1100 / 96MX (PN) high speed and orthogonal Walsh codes. Transmitting terminals (either within a mobile unit or within a base station) using different PN codes or PN codes that are offset in time or Walsh orthogonal codes, produce signals that can be received separately in the receiving terminal. In an exemplary CDMA system, each base station transmits a pilot signal having a common PN dispersion code, which is shifted in the code phase of the pilot signal from other base stations within the system. During the operation of the system, the mobile station is provided with a list of the code phase shifts corresponding to the neighboring base stations surrounding the base station through which the communication is established. The mobile unit is equipped with a search element that allows the mobile unit to track the signal strength of the pilot signal from a group of base stations that includes the neighboring base stations. There are several methods for switching the mobile station from one base station to another (known as "transfer"). One of these methods is called "soft" transfer, in which the communication between the mobile unit and the end user is not interrupted by the eventual transfer from an original base station to P1100 / 96MX a subsequent base station. This method is considered as soft transfer, since communication with the subsequent base station is established before communication with the original base station is terminated. When the mobile unit is in communication with two base stations, from the signals coming from each base station a single signal is generated for the end user by means of a cellular or personal communication system controller. U.S. Patent No. 5,267,261, which is incorporated by reference and which is assigned to the assignee of the present invention, presents a method and system for providing communication with the mobile unit through more than one base station during the transfer process, i.e. providing a transfer soft. The mobile unit assisted by soft transfer, ~ '- operates on the basis of the intensity of the pilot signal of several sets of base stations, as measured by the mobile unit.An active set is the set of base stations a through which active communication is established. A neighbor set is a set of base stations that surround an active base station and that comprises base stations that have a high probability of having a pilot signal strength of sufficient level to establish communication. A candidate set is a set of P1100 / 96 X base stations that have a pilot signal strength of sufficient level to establish communication. When communications are initially established, a mobile unit communicates through a first base station and the Active Set contains only the first base station. The mobile unit monitors the intensity of the pilot signal from the base stations of the Active Set, the Candidate Set, and the Set • > - Neighbour. When a pilot signal from a base station in the Neighbor Set exceeds a predetermined threshold level, the base station is added to the Candidate Set and removed or removed from the Neighbor Set in the mobile unit. The mobile unit communicates a message identifying the new base station. A controller of the cellular communication system or The staff decides whether communication is established between the new base station and the mobile unit. If the cellular or personal communication system controller decides to establish it, the cellular or personal communication system controller sends a message to the new base station with the identification information about the mobile unit and a command or command to establish communications with the mobile unit. A message is also transmitted to the mobile unit through the first base station. The message identifies a new active set that includes the first base station and the new base station. Unit P1100 / 96MX r '"mobile searches for the information signal transmitted from the new base station and establishes communication with the new base station without terminating the communication through the first base station.This process can continue with additional base stations. the mobile unit communicates through multiple base stations, continuous monitoring the signal strength of the base stations of the Active Set, the Candidate Set, and the Neighbor Set, if the signal intensity corresponding to a base station of the active set falls below a predetermined threshold for a certain period of time, the mobile unit generates and transmits a message to report this case.The cellular or personal communication system controller receives this message through at least one of the base stations with which the mobile unit is communicating The cellular or personal communication system controller You can decide to terminate the communications through the base station that has a weak intensity of the pilot signal. The cellular or personal communication system controller when deciding to terminate communications through a base station generates a message identifying a new active set of base stations. The new active set does not contain the base station with which P1100 / 96MX will end the communication. The base stations through which the communication is established, send a message to the mobile unit. The communications of the mobile unit are then conducted only through the base stations identified in the new active set. Because during the soft transfer processes the mobile unit is communicating at all times with the end user through at least one base station, there is no interruption in communications between the mobile unit and the end user. A soft transfer provides significant advantages in its inherent "set before interrupting" communication over conventional "break before set" techniques used in other cellular communication systems. In "a cellular telephone or personal communication system, maximizing the capacity of the system in terms of the number of simultaneous telephone calls that can be handled is extremely important." The capacity of the system in a broad-spectrum system can be maximized. , if the transmitter power of each mobile unit is controlled in such a way that each transmitted signal reaches the receiver of the base station at the minimum level required to maintain the link If a signal transmitted by a mobile unit reaches the receiver of the base station .with a power level that is very low, the P1100 / 96MX '* bit error ratio can be too high to allow high quality communications, due to interference from other mobile units. On the other hand, if the signal transmitted by the mobile unit is at a power level that is very high when it is received at the base station, communication with this particular mobile unit is acceptable, but this high power signal acts as a interference for other mobile units. This interference may adversely affect communications with other mobile units. The loss of path propagation in the radio channel is defined as any degradation or loss suffered by a signal as it travels through the air and can be characterized by two separate phenomena: the average loss of path propagation and the weakening of propagation. The direct link, that is, the link from the base station to the mobile unit, operates normally, but not necessarily at a different frequency from the reverse link, ie, the link of the iv.mobile unit to the base station. However, because the direct link and reverse link frequencies are within the same frequency band, there is a significant correlation between the average propagation loss of the two links. For example, a cellular system usually has one of its direct link channels centered around 882 MHz P1100 / 96MX paired with one of its reverse link channels centered around 837 MHz. On the other hand, the weakening of propagation is an independent phenomenon for the forward link and the reverse link and varies as a function of time. However, the propagation weakening characteristics in the channel are the same for both the direct link and the inverse link, because the frequencies are within the same frequency band. Therefore, the average weakening of channel propagation with time, for both links, is usually the same. In an exemplary CDMA system ,. each mobile unit estimates the direct link propagation loss based on the total power at the entrance to the mobile unit. The total power is the sum of the power of all the base stations operating in the same frequency assignment, as perceived by the mobile unit. From the estimate of the average propagation loss of the forward link, the mobile unit adjusts the transmission level of the reverse link signal. The transmission power of the mobile unit is also controlled by one or more base stations. Each base station with which the mobile unit is in communication, measures the intensity of the signal received from the mobile unit. The intensity of the measured signal is compared P1100 / 96MX '' with a desired intensity level of the signal for that particular mobile unit in the base station. A command or order of power adjustment is generated by each base station and sent to the mobile unit in the direct link. In response to the commands or commands for adjusting the power of the base station, the mobile unit increases or decreases the transmission power of the mobile unit by a predetermined amount. When a mobile unit is in communication with more than one base station, commands or power adjustment commands are provided from each base station. The mobile unit acts on these multiple commands of adjustment of power of the base station to avoid levels of power of transmission that can adversely interfering with other communications of the mobile unit and still provide sufficient power to - '*' • support the communication of the mobile unit with at least one of the base stations. This power control mechanism is completed by making the mobile unit increase its transmission signal level, only if each base station with which the mobile unit is in communication requires an increase in the power level. The mobile unit decreases its transmission signal level if any base station, with which the unit is in communication mobile, requires that the power be decreased. A system P1100 / 96MX for controlling the power of the base station and the mobile unit is presented in U.S. Patent No. 5,056,109, U.S. Patent No. 5,265,119, U.S. Pat. No. 5,257,283, and U.S. Patent No. 5,267,262; all of them are incorporated by reference and are assigned to the assignee of the present invention. The diversity of the base station in the mobile unit is an important consideration in the smooth transfer process. The power control method described above operates optimally when the mobile unit communicates with each of the base stations through which communication is possible, typically between one to three base stations, although a further number is possible big. By doing so, the mobile unit avoids "inadvertently interfering with communications through the base station that is receiving the signal from the mobile unit to an excessive level, but can not communicate a power adjustment command to the mobile unit. because the communication with the mobile unit is not established Each base station coverage area has two transfer limits A transfer limit is defined as the physical location between two base stations where the link would carry out the same, without considering If the P1100 / 96MX mobile unit was communicating with the first or second station, base. Each base station has a direct link transfer limit and a reverse link transfer limit. The direct link transfer limit is defined as the position where the receiver of the mobile unit would perform the same without having - in account of which base station was receiving it. The reverse link transfer limit is defined as the position of the mobile unit where two base station receivers would perform the same with respect to that mobile unit. Ideally, these limits should be balanced, which means that they have the same physical position with respect to the base station. If they are not balanced, the capacity of the system can be reduced as the power control process is altered or the transfer region expands unreasonably. Note that the transfer limit balance is a function of time since the reverse link power increases as the number of mobile units increases. The reverse link power is inversely proportional to the coverage area. Therefore, if all other conditions remain static, an increase in reverse link strength decreases the effective size of the coverage area of the base station, and causes the transfer limit of P1100 / 96MX reverse link moves inward towards the base station. Unless a compensation mechanism for the direct link is incorporated in the base station, even a system that is initially perfectly balanced will intermittently unbalance depending on the load of the base station. In a cellular system, personal communication or a wireless loop or local circuit that is working, the fluctuation of the load is common. For example, if an accident occurs at a peak time on a major highway, the resulting traffic bottleneck may result in a substantial increase in the number of system users attempting to access the system. Planned events, such as major sporting events, conferences and parades, can have the same effect. A large fluctuation of the load that increases the number of users beyond the expected average load can overload the system. If the overload is important, new requests for communication links will be rejected. Although the overload situation is undesirable, the obvious alternative of providing additional capacity to each base station in the system is impractical. However, currently there is no method or apparatus by which overload situations can be avoided without interrupting or temporarily degrading the P1100 / 96MX system performance. Additionally, when a base station requires routine or unplanned maintenance, the base station must be removed from the system and replaced when the maintenance is finished. However, during the removal and replacement of the base station it is important to maintain the normal operation of the system and avoid the interruption of any ongoing communications in the * -. system. However, conventional systems do not provide means by which a base station can be removed from the system and returned to it when the base station requires maintenance without detrimental effects on system performance. Therefore, there is a need for an apparatus and method for efficiently managing and avoiding overload situations and for maintaining normal system operations when maintaining the base station.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In accordance with the foregoing, the present invention is directed to an apparatus and a method for adding and removing a base station from a communication system that avoids overloads of the system, which provides a service that does not is affected during the P1100 / 96MX maintenance of the base station, and that substantially avoids one or more of the problems due to the limitations and disadvantages of the related technique. In order to achieve these and other advantages, and in accordance with the purpose of the invention as generally incorporated and described herein, the present invention defines a method and apparatus for adding a new base station to a communication system and / or remove a base station from the system. The present invention is suitable for adding a new base station operating at a predetermined frequency to an existing network of base stations operating at the same predetermined frequency when an increase in the system load creates the need for a station (s) ( is) additional base (s). It can also be used to remove a base station from the base station network when the load decreases, making the removed base station unnecessary. In addition, the present invention can be used to remove and replace or replenish a base station (or a separate sector of a base station) when maintenance or modernization is required. The process of adding a base station to the system (or "cell blooming") requires the expansion in unison of the direct or reverse link coverage areas of the new base station. The removal of a base station (or "cell withering") requires contraction to P1100 / 96MX unison the direct and reverse link coverage areas of the removed base station. Before adding a new base station to the existing network, the power of this direct link (or transmission) and the reverse link (or reception) signal strength of the new base station are both approximately equal to zero. To begin the process of adding a new base station, in the path of reception of the new base station an attenuator is set to 0 with a high loss of trajectory propagation at high attenuation level, creating a high power level of reception of artificial noise. In the transmission path also an attenuator is adjusted to a high level of attenuation, which in turn causes a low level of transmission power. The high level of artificial noise reception power results in the reverse link coverage area of the new base station being very small. Similarly, because the direct link coverage area is directly proportional to the transmission power, the very low transmission power level results in the area of. Direct link coverage is also very small. The process then continues by adjusting in unison the attenuators in the reception and transmission paths. The attenuation level of the P1100 / 96MX attenuator in the reception path, whereby the level of the artificial noise reception power is decreased, increasing the natural level of the signal, and hence the size of the reverse link coverage area is increased. The attenuation level of the attenuator of the transmission path is also decreased, thereby increasing the transmission power level of the new base station and expanding its direct link coverage area. The speed at which the transmission power is increased and the artificial noise reception power is decreased must be sufficiently slow to allow the transfer of calls between the new and surrounding base stations as the new base station is added to the system or Remove it. As the new base station is added to the system, the powers of reception and transmission vary one in correspondence with the other. That is, when the new base station is added, the transmission power is increased in correspondence with the decrease in the artificial noise reception power of the new base station. In accordance with the above, as the transmission power is increased by one dB, the power of reception of artificial noise is decreased by one dB. This one-to-one correspondence in transmission power and reception power is maintained throughout the process of P1100 / 96 X adding the new base station to the system. Preferably, the process of adding a new base station is terminated when the transmission power of the new base station reaches a desired predetermined level. Alternatively, if the base stations are equipped with a "cell respiration" device (described later) the process of adding the new base station is terminated when the system reaches a state - ^ "- of" equilibrium "between all the base stations of the system Each of the base stations has two coverage areas: an isolated coverage area and an effective coverage area The isolated coverage area refers to the coverage maximum that a base station can have and is defined by the condition in which the base station is isolated from all other base stations, that is, it is the only base station operating in the system.The effective coverage area is the limit around the base station within which the mobile units are communicating with the base station The effective coverage area expands or increases and contracts or decreases in response to the base station load When a new base station is added To the system, its reverse link and direct link coverage areas are increased from essentially zero.If the system is equipped for cell respiration, this process P1100 / 96MX "continues, keeping the reverse and direct link coverage areas in a balanced relationship, that is, at essentially the same size, at the same time, the system decreases the effective coverage areas of direct and inverse link of the existing base stations adjacent to the new base station In accordance with the foregoing, the effective coverage areas of the adjacent base stations are contracted while the coverage areas of the new base station expand with the capacity of cell respiration, this contraction and expansion continues until the adjacent base stations and the new base station are equally charged, that is, the system reaches equilibrium. Alternatively, the contraction and expansion may cease when the transmission power level of the new base station reaches a predetermined desired level (the desired level is limited by the maximum nominal power of the new base station). In a system equipped for the respiration of the cell, after reaching equilibrium, as the load increases and decreases for several base stations, its effective coverage areas of reverse link are caused to expand and contract, the limit of the area of Direct link coverage is matched or tied with the reverse link coverage area. In this way, after the flowering process of the cell ends, the areas P1100 / 9bMX '"' ie coverage of base stations" inhale and exhale "(breathe) together The process of removing an existing base station from the base station network (or cell wilt) is the reverse of the flowering of the In this way, the coverage areas of the withdrawn base station are contracted.This process continues until the forward and reverse coverage areas of the removed base station are approximately equal to zero.The result is that the base station The retreat is no longer in operation, and the effective coverage areas of the adjacent 'base stations are expanded to fill or occupy the unoccupied area or' vacated by the removed base station.As well as the cells' flowering, the wilting of the The cell can be carried out without presenting failures of interruptions in the operation of the system In the apparatus and method of the present invention, in the communication system it can communicate Check the information using the CDMA. The CDMA is a broad-spectrum, direct sequence method of multiplexing transmissions by encoding the transmissions, so that each of them is different. CDMA multiplexing allows a greater number of transceivers (ie, mobile telephone units) to communicate within the system, compared to the number of transceivers that P1100 / 96MX > This form would be possible without this broad-spectrum technique. It should be understood that both the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention, as claimed. The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated and constitute as a part of this invention. - * - specification, to illustrate the embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, to explain the principles of the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a schematic overview of an exemplary mobile cell phone system; Figures 2A-2C show three unbalanced transfer conditions. Figure 3 is a block diagram of the base station apparatus in accordance with the present invention; Figure 4 is a block diagram of an alternative base station apparatus having cell respiration capability in accordance with the present invention; and Figures 5A-5C illustrate the flowering of the cell in an exemplary system.

P1100 / 96MX DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Reference will now be made to the detail of the present preferred embodiment of the invention, an example of which is illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Whenever possible, the same reference numbers will be used throughout all the drawings to refer to the same or similar parts. An exemplary embodiment of a land mobile cellular phone system 100 in which the present invention can be incorporated is illustrated in Figure 1.

The system illustrated in Figure 1 can use the time division multiple access (TDMA.) Technique, the technique CDMA, and other modulation techniques in communications between mobile units 102 and base stations 104.

Cellular systems in large cities can have hundreds or thousands of mobile units 102 and many base stations 104. However, the present invention is not limited to mobile units 102 and can be used to interconnect fixed position cellular communications devices. For example, a remote unit 106 may be provided in a building for the purpose of sending and receiving data and / or voice communications between some device in the building and a home base 108 that collects the data. Transmissions from stations P1100 / 96MX base 104 to the mobile units 102 and the remote unit 106 are sent on a direct 120, while the transmissions in the opposite direction are sent on a reverse link 130. A typical cellular, cellular communication or local wireless loop system, such as the one illustrated in Figure 1, contains some base stations having multiple sectors. A multisector base station comprises multiple independent transmit and receive antennas, as well as independent processing circuitry. The present invention applies equally to each sector of a sectorized base station and to independent base stations of a single sector. Therefore, for the remainder of this description, it can be assumed that the term "base station" will refer to either a sector of a multisector base station or a single sector base station. Figures 5A-5C, discussed subsequently in detail herein, show an exemplary three-sector base station 402. In accordance with the present invention, an apparatus and method is provided for adding and removing a target base station in a network of existing base stations. The network includes base stations adjacent to the target base station. The target base station has a reception power level and a power level of P1100 / 96MX transmission. The adjacent base stations and the target base station each define a direct link coverage area and a reverse link coverage area. The apparatus comprises a first attenuator for decreasing and increasing the level of the artificial noise reception power and with which the reverse link coverage area of the target base station is expanded and contracted. The apparatus also comprises a second attenuator for increasing and decreasing the transmission power level and by expanding and contracting the direct link coverage area of the target base station. The attenuation levels of the attenuators, first and second, are controlled by a controller. In response to the expansion of the reverse and direct link coverage areas of the target base station, the effective forward and reverse link coverage areas of the adjacent base stations are contracted. In response to the contraction of the reverse and direct link coverage areas of the target base station, the forward and reverse link coverage areas of the adjacent base stations are expanded. Each base station coverage area has two transfer limits. A transfer limit is defined as the physical location between two base stations where the link would be made in the same way without considering which of the base stations was in P1100 / 9bMX communication mobile unit. Each base station has a direct link transfer limit and a reverse link transfer limit. The direct link transfer limit is defined as the position where the receiver of the mobile unit would perform the same without considering from which base station it was receiving. The direct link transfer limit is defined as the position of the mobile unit where two receivers of the base stations would perform the same with respect to that mobile unit. The present invention is described herein, in the preferred embodiment, based on a system having a smooth transfer capability. However, the invention is equally applicable to all types of transfer operation. It is helpful to balance (ie, align) the reverse link transfer limit with the forward link transfer limit, or vice versa, to maximize system capacity. A transfer limit is always defined between at least two base stations. For example in Figure 2A, the forward link transfer limit 60 is a function of the power transmitted from the base station 10 and from the base station 40, as well as the interference from other surrounding base stations (not shown) and other sources in the band. The link transfer limit P1100 / 9bMX inverse 50 is a function of the power level received in the base station 10 and in the base station 40 from a mobile unit in that position and the power level required in the base station 10 and in the base station 40 from the other movable units and other sources within the band, and any noise generated by the receiver at base stations 10 and 40. Ideally, the forward link transfer limit and the reverse link transfer limit are 0 co-positioned , so that the optional capacity of the system can be reached. If they are not co-positioned, then three situations that are detrimental to capacity can arise. Figure 2A shows the first of these situations. A soft transfer region is the physical region between two base stations where it is likely that a mobile unit located within the region will establish communication with both base stations. In Figure 2A, the shaded portion represents the soft transfer region. In a mobile unit assisted with soft transfer, the transfer region is defined by the direct link characteristics. For example, in Figure 2A, the soft transfer region 20 represents the region where the quality of the signal from the base station 10 and the signal quality of the base station ^ 40 is P1100 / 96MX enough to support communications. When the mobile unit 30 enters the soft transfer region 20, it will notify any base station, with which it is in communication, that the second base station is available for communications. The system controller (not shown) establishes communication between the second base station and the mobile unit 30 as described in the aforementioned U.S. Patent No. 5,265,261. When the mobile unit 30 is in smooth transfer between the base station 10 and the base station 40, both stations control the transmit power from the mobile unit 30. The mobile unit 30 decreases its transmission power if any base station orders a decrease it increases its transmit power only if each base station orders an increase, as disclosed in the aforementioned U.S. Patent No. 5,265,119. Figure 2A shows the first situation that is detrimental to the capacity of the system. In Figure 2A, the forward link transfer limit 60 and the reverse link transfer limit 50 are significantly unbalanced (i.e., separated). The mobile unit 30 is located in a position where the communication is established only with the base station 40. In the region where the mobile unit 30 is located, the performance of the direct link is better with the base station P1100 / 96MX 40, but the performance of the reverse link would be better if the mobile unit 30 were communicating with the base station 10. In this situation, the mobile unit 30 is transmitting more power than it would be transmitting if it were in communication with the station base 10. The increase in the transmission power is added unnecessarily to the total interference of the system thus affecting the capacity adversely. The total power consumption of the mobile unit 30 is also increased, thereby decreasing the life of its battery and endangering the communication link if the mobile unit 30 reaches its maximum transmission power and is unable to respond to commands from power increase. Figure 2B shows an alternative result but that is also detrimental to an unbalanced transfer condition. In Figure 2B, the soft transfer region 70 is located around-the reverse link transfer limit 50. This transfer position could be the result of an alternative transfer scheme where the transfer is based on reverse link performance instead of direct link performance. In this case, each base station would try to measure the power received from each mobile unit. When the measured power level exceeds a threshold or exceeds the level received from the other base stations, P1100 / 96MX establishes communication with a second base station. In Figure 2B, the mobile unit 30 is located in a region where the communication is stable only with the base station 10. As in Figure 2A, in the region where the mobile unit 30 is located, the performance of direct link is better with the base station 40, but the reverse link performance is better with the base station 10. Unlike the reverse link, the forward link does not have a large dynamic range of transmit power and as the mobile unit 30 is moving to the base station 40, the interference from the base station 40 increases as the power level received from the base station 10 decreases. If the power level from the base station 10 falls below a sufficient signal of the interference level or below a certain absolute level, the communication link is at risk of being lost. The power level transmitted from the base station 10 is slowly increased within a limited dynamic range as the mobile unit 30 moves away from the base station 10. This increase in power interferes adversely with other users in the base station 10. and in this way the base station 40 unnecessarily decreases capacity. Another alternative modality is a combined transfer scheme based on both direct link performance and reverse link performance. Figure 2C P1100 / 96MX shows this case. In Figure 2C, the transfer region 80 is large and encompasses both the reverse link transfer limit 50 and the forward link transfer limit 60. But unnecessary soft handoff directly decreases the capacity of the system. The purpose of the soft handoff is to provide a "" set before interrupting "" type transfer between the base stations and to provide an efficient mechanism for power control. However, if the soft transfer region is very large, the negative effects become significant. For example, in Figure 2C, both the base station 10 and the base station -40 must transmit to the mobile unit 30 while the mobile unit 30 is in the soft transfer region 80. In this way, the total interference of the system increases while the mobile unit 30 is in the soft transfer region 80. In addition, the resources in both the base station 10 and the station 40 must be dedicated to the signal received from the mobile unit 30. Therefore, the increase in the size of the soft transfer region is not an efficient use of the capacity and system resources. The solution to these adverse effects is to balance (ie, co-position) the reverse link transfer limit with the link transfer limit P1100 / 96MX direct or vice versa. This balance needs to be maintained during the addition or removal of a base station from the system. To add a base station, the direct link limit established by the transmitted power increases slowly. For optimal system performance, the reverse link transfer limit must track "the forward link transfer limit that is slowly expanding." To remove a base station, the reverse link transfer limit must track the link transfer limit The direct link performance can be controlled by the base station In an exemplary CDMA system, each base station transmits a pilot signal The mobile units perform the transfer based on the perceived pilot intensity as described above. By changing the power of the pilot signal transmitted from the base station, the position of the forward link transfer limit can be manipulated.The reverse link performance can also be controlled by the base station.The noise performance of the receiver of the base station establishes the minimum level of reception signal that can be from The noise performance of the receiver is typically defined in terms of a data or total noise figure of the system. Controlling the noise figure of the receiver, for example, by injecting noise or P1100 / 96MX adding attenuation, reverse link performance, and from here, the limit of reverse link transfer can be adjusted. The present invention utilizes a controllable attenuator in the reverse link path to control the reverse link coverage area. The attenuator is located either before or after the low noise amplifier (LNA) of the base station. The attenuator must be located close enough to the LNA to have an effect on the overall noise performance of the base station. The ideal position for the attenuator is before the LNA in such a way that the attenuation level and the added noise level have a linear correlation. Due to the fact that most attenuators are not ideal and do not provide zero attenuation at the minimum setting, the optimal performance of the system in the limiting case of not requiring attenuation may dictate that the attenuator be placed after the LNA. When the LNA is placed after the LNA, the effect of the attenuator in the system will not have a one-to-one correspondence with the attenuation value and the system will have to be calibrated. The following case suggests an ideal configuration where the attenuator is placed in front of the system's LNA. There are a variety of other mechanisms that can be used to control the function that in the modality Preferred P1100 / 96MX described herein is achieved with attenuators. For example, automatic gain control (AGC) circuits comprised of variable gain amplifiers may be used. The gain of the power amplifier and the LNA can vary the actual performance of the antenna could be modified to provide the same effect. A controllable noise generator could be used to inject noise into the "receiver." In the exemplary transfer scheme described above, the transfer limits are based on the measurement of the intensity of the pilot signal from the base station in the mobile unit. to control the power of the total transmission of the target base station would be to control only its pilot signal level.For the designer of the coverage area, this scheme may have some appeal, but control the total transmission power, including traffic signals (for example, active calls) and pilot signals have * some advantages First, the proportion of the pilot signal to the traffic channel signal remains fixed The mobile unit is waiting for the proportion to be fixed and passes the assignment of its resources in this proportion, if the mobile unit were to receive two equally powerful pilot signals, each a corresponding to a traffic channel that has a different level of power, is P1100 / 96MX would alter the demodulation of the two signals in the smooth transfer process. Second, controlling the total transmission power reduces interference to the other coverage areas of the base station. If the pilot signal is not strong enough to guarantee a transfer in the coverage area of a neighboring base station, the high power traffic channel signal adds unnecessary and unnecessary interference to that area. The configurations of Figures 3 and 4 are based on the control of the total power transmitted from a base station. With reference to Figure 3, the apparatus of the present invention will be described below for adding and removing a base station 200 from a network of existing base stations. The base station 200 has a transmission path 202 and a reception path 204. In the path of. reception there is a first attenuator 210 which can be used to control an artificial noise receiving power level of the base station 200. The natural power of the signal (PN) is input to the first attenuator 210 which varies the natural power level of the the signal of the mobile units that reach the LNA 224 and that varies the level of the reception power of artificial noise perceived by the receiver. The output of LNA 224 (PR) represents the sum of the natural power of the signal P1100 / 96MX 'attenuated and the artificial noise reception power as amplified by the LNA 224. In the transmission path 202 there is a second attenuator 218, which is used to vary the transmit power level of the base station 200. The actual transmit power (PA) is input to the second attenuator 218, which outputs the transmit power (Pt) to a high power amplifier 222, which in turn outputs the final transmit power (PFINAL) • The attenuation levels Both of the first and second attenuators 218, 218, are controlled by a controller 220. The controller 220 can vary the attenuation levels of the two attenuators 210, 218 in a concerted or independent manner. The controller 220, preferably a unit based on a microprocessor, can be designed in such a way as to vary the attenuation levels of the two attenuators 210, 218, such that there is a correspondence, ie, dB per dB in the effect of both attenuators. Thus, in response to controller 220, for each 1 dB increase or decrease in first attenuator 210, second attenuator 218 will also experience an increase or decrease in attenuation of 1 dB. Nevertheless, it should be understood that the two attenuators 210, 218 do not need to have the same level of attenuation, only that their attenuation levels increase and decrease at the same speed. P1100 / 96MX During cell flowering and wilting processes, the forward and reverse link coverage areas (and transfer limits) are preferably balanced. It is helpful to balance the reverse link transfer limit with the forward link transfer limit, or vice versa, to maximize system capacity even when the target base station is fully flowered and operating in a static condition. The signal to interference level of the forward link signal received in a mobile unit is a function of other mobile units located within the coverage area of the base station. As the load on a base station increases, the forward link transfer limit is contracted to the base station. The reverse link limit is not accepted in the same way. In this way, a system that is initially balanced over time can become unbalanced. To balance the forward and reverse link transfer limits, the size of the base station's coverage area can be prepared to "inhale and exhale" (breathe) . Breathing effectively moves the reverse link transfer limit to the same position as the forward link transfer limit. The "cell respiration" process can be used to keep in alignment the coverage areas (and the limits of P1100 / 96MX transfer) of the target base station. In a system with a cell's breathing capacity, each base station in the system is initially calibrated in such a way that the sum of the receiver path noise at no load and the desired pilot power is equal to a calibration constant. As the cellular system becomes more charged (ie mobile units begin to communicate), a compensation network maintains a constant relationship between the reception power and the pilot power transmitted by each base station. The load of a base station effectively brings the coverage area of reverse link to the base station. To obtain the same effect in the direct link, that is, to bring the direct link coverage area closer, the pilot power decreases as the load increases. Cell respiration is described in copending United States Patent Application Serial No. 08 / 278,347, filed July 17, 1994, entitled "METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR BALANCING THE FORWARD LINK HANDOFF BOUNDARY TO THE REVERSE LINK HANDOFF BOUNDARY IN A CELLULAR COMMUNICATION SYSTEM "assigned to the assignee of the present invention. For breathing to be effective, "the reverse link transfer limit and the forward link transfer limit must be aligned initially, each of which limits depends on the performance of at least two P1100 / 96MX base stations. As shown below, to align the two limits, the sum of the performance of the direct link with the performance of the reverse link must be the same for all base stations in the system. Using the intensity of the pilot signal to control the forward link transfer limit and the noise figure to control the reverse link transfer limit, a complete system must be chosen. Rather than trying to force all base stations to be equal, the easiest method is to define a constant and change the performance of each base station to equal the constant. The interest of the performance of the system, a minimum noise increase is desired. Therefore, to define the constant? Nivei »for each base station, the following equation is used: Kni eí = MAX L NRX: t + Pjyfax:? Equation 1 all where: NRx: Is the propagation noise of the receiver of the base station I in dB; pMax: Is the maximum desired power of the pilot signal of the base station ¿in dB; and to MdAaX t. rL 1 ': find the largest sum of all the base stations in the system.

To show that the adjustment of the sum of the P1100 / 96MX power received and the power transmitted to a Kn see ?, of course balances the system, various assumptions are made. The first is that in any base station that uses balanced redundant antennas of reception and transmission, the antennas have been balanced so that they have the same performance. Also, it is feared that identical decoding performance is available at each base station. It assumes a constant ratio between the total forward link power and the power of the pilot signal and reciprocity in the forward link path propagation losses and the reverse link path propagation losses. To find the direct link transfer limit between two arbitrary base stations, base station A and base station B, let's start by noting that the direct transfer limit occurs when the pilot power of the two base stations is equal. Supposing that. the mobile unit C is located in the limit, mathematically: Pilot Power of A Received in C Pilot Power of B Received in C Total Power Received in C Total Power Received in C Equation 2 Observing that the power received in the mobile unit is equal to the power transmitted by the trajectory propagation losses, the previous one becomes: P1100 / 96MX * \ Power Pilot Transm. from A X Loss of Propagation from A to C Transm. Pilot Power from A X Loss of Propagation from A to C Total Power Received in C Total Power Received in C Equation By rearranging the last equation and eliminating the common denominator, we obtain 0 Pilot Power Transmitted from A Loss of Path Propagation from B to C Pilot Power Transmitted from B Loss of Path Propagation from A to C Equation Following the same procedure for the reverse link and noting that the reverse link transfer limit occurs when each base station perceives the same signal to interference ratio for that mobile station: & Power of C Received in A Power of C Received in B Total Power Received in A Total Power Received in B Equation 5 5 Noting that the power received in the base station is equal to the power transmitted by the trajectory propagation losses, the latter equation becomes: P1100 / 96MX PotfTfc »Transm. from C X Loss of Propagation from C to A Power Transm. from C X Loss of Propagation from C to B Total Power Received in A Total Power Received in B Equation 6 Rearranging this equation and eliminating the common numerator, you get: Total Power "Received in Loss of Propagation of Path from C to A Tbtal Power Received in B -Per a Propagation of Trajectory from C to B Equation 7 Due to the supposed reciprocity in the direct and inverse bond path propagation losses in any position, equations 4 and 7 can be combined to produce: Total Power Received in A Pilot Power Transmitted from B Total Power Received in B Pilot Power Transmitted from A Equation 8 Changing the units of equation 8 of linear power to dB yields: Total Power Received in A (dB) - Total Power Received in B (dB) = Pilot Power Transmitted from B (dB) - Pilot Power Transmitted from A (dB) Equation 8 ' Equation 8 'is equivalent to the premise exposed since P1100 / 96MX "" if the Total Power received in A (dB) + the Power Pilot Transmitted is A (dB) = Knive ?. and the Total Power Received in B (dB) + the Pilot Power Transmitted from B (dB) = Knivei »• then equation 8 will be satisfied and the limit of direct link transfer and reverse link transfer limit are co-positioned. Three mechanisms are needed to perform the breathing function: a means to initially adjust the performance to Knive ?, a means to monitor fluctuations in the reverse link, and a means to change the direct link performance in response to link fluctuations reverse. A method for initially adjusting the performance to? Level / is to measure the maximum intensity of the available pilot signal taking into account the variation with temperature and time and adding attenuation in line with the receiver in a non-signal input condition until Will Knive performance be achieved ?. By adding attenuation, the receiver is sensitized and the noise figure thereof is effectively increased. This also requires that each mobile unit transmits more power proportionally. The added attenuation must be kept to the minimum dictated by Knivel • Once the initial balance is achieved, the power that enters the base station can be measured for P1100 / 96MX "monitor the performance of the reverse link Various methods can be used The measurement can be made to monitor an AGC (Automatic Gain Control) voltage or directly measuring the input level.This method has the advantage that if it is present a disturbing emission (such as an FM signal) this energy will be measured and the transfer limits will be attracted closer to the base station, attracting the transfer limit closer to the base station, it must be eliminated from the coverage area of the base station to the disturbing emission and its effect minimized. The measurement could be made by simply counting the number of users communicating through the base station and estimating the total power based on the fact that each mobile unit signal nominally arrives at the base station at the same signal level. In an ideal configuration, the breathing mechanism would measure the reception power and change the transmission power proportionally. However, some systems may not use the proportional method and in turn may change the transmission level only a fraction of the perceived change in reception power. Another alternative changes the transmission level only when the receiver's level exceeds a predetermined threshold. This method could be used mainly to treat P1100 / 96MX disturbing emissions. Referring now to Figure 4, the base station 200 may be equipped with a cell breathing apparatus, which causes the transmission power to respond to fluctuations in reception power. In this cell breathing apparatus, the reception path 204 includes not only the first attenuator 210 and the LNA 224, but also a power detector 302, which generates an output signal of the power level which indicates the total power in the total output power of the output of the LNA 224. A low pass filter 304 averages the output signal of the power level. A scale and a threshold component 306 adjust the desired ratio and displacement of the ratio between the increases in reception power and decreases in transmit power and outputs a control signal (CRcv) • The transmission path 202 controls the transmission power in response to variations in reception power. The control signal (CRcv) emitted by the scale and the threshold component 306 is input to the second attenuator 218 in the transmission path 202. The second attenuator 218 generates a comparative transmission power (Éc) which is a function of the power of real transmission (PA) of the base station 200 and CRcv. The second attenuator 218 adjusts the transmission power of the P1100 / 96MX base station 200 in response to the reception power of the base station 200, so that the transmit power tracks essentially one dB per dB of the reception power. In this way, as the reception power increases 1 dB the transmission power also increases approximately 1 dB. The comparative transmission power (Pe) emitted by the second attenuator 218 is input to the high power amplifier 220, which - "~~ amplifies Pe and therefore generates the power signal of 0 final output transmission (PFINAL). The speed at which the flowering takes place and the wilting of the cell is governed by the speed at which the smooth transfer can be completed.In current systems, the fastest soft transfer 5 can be completed in approximately 1/10 of a second. In accordance with this time, to ensure that a smooth transfer occurs without disconnection or interruption of the call in progress, the transmission gain (which is measured in dB) is adjusted (by the second attenuator 218) to a 0 speed of 1- 2 dB / seconds However, to provide preferably a margin of error in the smooth transfer, the transmission gain is adjusted to a lower speed, namely less than 1 dB / seconds. Experienced artisans will recognize that, as the time required to complete the smooth transfer is decreased, the P1100 / 96MX speed at which the transmission gain is adjusted. For example, if only 1 / 100th of a second were required for a smooth transfer, the transmission gain could be adjusted to a speed 10 times greater than that currently used. The speed at which the first and second attenuators 210, 218 increase and decrease the power levels of reception and transmission can be controlled to provide the required time. An attenuator speed controller which is either fixed at a predetermined speed, or which is variable to count the different time requirements of the soft transfer can be provided. Those skilled in the art will recognize that these controllers can be implemented by physical wiring or integrated circuitry or by software. Referring now to FIGS. 5A-5C, the flowering of the cell is illustrated, showing how the new base station 404 is added to the existing base station network 400. The flowering of the cell is useful in a variety of circumstances. For example, when the 404 network is heavily loaded with mobile communication units-such as in the parking area of a stadium prior to a sporting event, or in the case of a large traffic jam on a highway-the network of stations existing base 400 may not have the capacityEoU P1100 / 96MX to handle the increase in load. Therefore, unless the capacity of the network is increased, some mobile units will be denied access to the cellular system. One way to remedy this problem is to add an additional base station to network 400 to deal with the increase in load. The blooming of the cell is an effective way to add a base station to the network 400. In accordance with the present invention, the '? The flowering of the cell is effected in such a way that the new base station 404 is added to the network 400 without affecting any other system operations, including calls in progress. Before the cell flowering process begins, the new base station 404 has a transmission power of approximately zero and a natural reception signal power of approximately zero from the mobile units and a high artificial noise power. The sectors 402A, 402C and 406A of the base station are providing coverage for the area in which the new base station 404 will eventually operate during and after the cell's flowering. As the cell's flowering process begins, the apparatus of the new base station 404 performs a variety of functions. The controller 220 adjusts the first and second attenuation levels 210, 218 to a high level. The high level of attenuation of the first attenuator 210 P1100 / 96MX causes a high path propagation loss in the reception path 204 of the new base station 402, which causes the artificial noise receiving power of the new base station 402 to reach a high level. In response to the controller 220, the attenuation level of the first attenuator 210 decreases, causing the artificial noise reception power to decrease from the high level by reducing the contribution of the noise received from the artificial noise to the total reception power (PR), causing so the inverse coverage area of the new base station 402 expands. The controller also decreases the attenuation level. of the second attenuator 218, Preferably dB per dB with the effect of the attenuation level of the first attenuator 210. The actual transmit power (PA) is input to the second attenuator 218, and the attenuation level of the second attenuator 218 is decreased, to its it causes the transmission power level (Pt) of the new base station 404 to increase. As a result, the direct and reverse link coverage area of the new base station 404 is expanded, as shown, by the coverage area 404A in Figure 5B. ErT Figure 5A dark lines 410 and 412 mark the approximate transfer limits between sectors 402A, 402C, and 406A, such that mobile unit 420 is communicating through sector 402A, the unit P1100 / 96MX mobile 424 is communicating through sector 402C, and mobile unit 422 is communicating through sector 406A. In Figure 5B, the expanded coverage area of the base station 402 has expanded to the coverage area 404A. The transfer-limits between sectors 402A, and sectors 402A, 402C and 406A, are indicated by irregular shape 408. Due to the balance flowering process, irregular shape 408 represents the two direct link transfer limits and reverse. Note that in Figure 5B, the mobile unit 422 is probably more in smooth transition between the base station 404 and the sector 406A. As the flowering continues as shown in Figure 5C, the direct and reverse link coverage area 404A continues to increase. In Figure 5C, the effective coverage area has expanded as shown by the transfer limits illustrated by the irregular shape 430. In Figure 5C, both the mobile unit 422 and the 424 are in communication with the base station 404 due to which they are located inside the irregular shape 430. In this way the sectors 402A, 402C, and 406A, have reduced loads of mobile units and the network 400 is able to handle more simultan calls. If the new base station 404 is equipped with the cell breathing apparatus of Figure 4, the operation of the apparatus of the new base station 404 is as follows. To the P1100 / 96MX as above, the attenuation level of the first attenuator 210 is set to a high level and is subsequently decreased. The power detector 302 detects an output indication of the power level that is proportional to the power level of reception of the new base station 402. After processing by the low pass filter 304 and the scale and the threshold component 306, the control signal (CRCv) is output to the second attenuator 218 to the transmission path 202 of the new base station 402. As described above, the second attenuator 218 processes the CRcv along with the actual transmission power (PA) of the new base station 402, and, in response to the decrease in reception power, the transmission power of the new station • base 404 is increased. Accordingly, because the artificial noise receiving power decreases and the transmission power increases, the reverse and direct link coverage areas of the new base station 402 expand together maintaining the alignment of the transfer limits. The adjacent base stations 402 and 406 may include the same cell breathing apparatus (shown in Figure 4) as the new base station 404. In this manner, the adjacent base stations 402 and 406 may include apparatus for detecting the indication of exit from P1100 / 96MX power level proportional to the reception power and to adjust its transmission power level in response to the output indication of the power level. The flowering of the cell ceases, as illustrated in Figure 5C, when the new base station 404 reaches a predetermined predetermined transmission power level if the breathing is not implemented. If breathing is implemented in the system, the coverage area of the "*" new base station 404 depends on the load in the system. The final coverage area is a function of the maximum nominal power of the new base station 404. It is also a function of the reception power of each of the base stations in the network 400. Other variables may include noise in the system, the number and position of the mobile units that communicate within the system, and the nominal power of the other base stations. The example of Figure 5A-5C shows that cell blooming is used to increase the number of active calls in the system. The reverse process would occur for cell wilt. Withering of the cell can be used to remove one from service. base station for its repair. When the repair is completed, the base station would flower back to operation. Those experienced in the art also P1100 / 96MX will recognize that the present invention can be used for a variety of different base stations. As discussed above, in cellular communication systems, base stations can be single or with multiple "sectorization". The coverage area of a base station of a single sector, a basically circular configuration, is illustrated by the coverage area 404A. Also used are base stations of * '- "multiple sectors such as the base station 402 in Figure 4 which illustrates one having three sectors 402A, 402B, 402C, each sector providing about 1/3 of the coverage area of the base station 402. Base stations may have different numbers and configurations of sectors in addition to what is shown in Figure 4. In most of the cellular systems in operation, each sector of a base station has two independent reception paths that would require duplicate antennas The present invention can be used in the flowering and withering of single or multi-sector base stations For example, when the illustrated three-column base station 402 blooms, each sector 604, 606, 608 will expand to the same. When it wilts, each sector 402A, 402B, 402C will contract at the same speed, moreover, any one or a combination of e P1100 / 96MX sectors 402A, 402B, 402C may bloom or wither independently of each other. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the apparatus and method of the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. In this way, it is intended that the present invention cover the modifications and variations of this "" "invention, provided that they fall within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

P1100 / 96MX

Claims (71)

1. NOVELTY OF THE INVENTION Having described the present invention, it is considered as a novelty and, therefore, the content of the following CLAIMS is claimed as property; 1. An apparatus for adding a new base station to an existing base station network, the "existing base station network includes a plurality of base stations adjacent to the new base station, the new base station has a reception power level of artificial noise and a new transmission power level, the new base station defines a direct link coverage area, a reverse link coverage area and the plurality of adjacent base stations each define an effective direct link coverage area and an effective reverse link coverage area, the apparatus is characterized in that it comprises a controller for controlling the levels of attenuation; urr first attenuator having a first level of attenuation to adjust the power level of artificial noise reception to an adjustment of power in response to the controller that adjusts the first level of attenuation to a first attenuation setting, and to decrease the n Level of artificial noise reception power of the power setting in response to the controller decreasing the first P1100 / 96MX attenuation level at a second attenuation setting, thereby expanding the reverse link coverage area of the new base station; and a second attenuator to control the new transmission power level and to increase the new transmission power level, thereby expanding the direct link coverage area of the new base station to match the expanded reverse link coverage area. . The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the second attenuator is comprised of a variable gain amplifier. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that for every 1 dB of decrease in the power level of artificial noise reception, the new transmission power level is increased by approximately 1 dB. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the controller includes a timer, the timer is adjusted in such a way that the controller decreases the first level of attenuation at a speed less than or equal to 1 dB / second. 5. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the new base station has a total reception power level, the apparatus also includes a P1100 / 96MX power detector to detect an output indication of the new level, of power proportional to the power level of reception ^ total of the new base station; wherein the controller increases the new transmission power level in response to the output indication of the new power level detected by the power detector. The apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the plurality of adjacent base stations has an adjacent reception power level and an adjacent transmitted power level and includes a power level compensation to detect an output indication of the power level. adjacent, proportional to the adjacent reception power level and to adjust the adjacent transmitted power level in response to the output indication of the adjacent power level. **• 1 . The apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that a first product of the total reception power level and the new transmission power level is controlled to maintain balanced the direct and reverse link coverage areas of the new base station, and where a second product of the adjacent reception power level and the adjacent transmission power level is controlled to maintain balanced the effective coverage areas of the forward and reverse link of each of P1100 / 96MX the plurality of adjacent base stations. 8. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the new base station has a predetermined desired transmission power level, and wherein the term of the expansion of the direct and reverse link coverage areas of the new base station is a function of the predetermined transmission power level. wanted. 9. An apparatus for removing an operating base station from a network of existing base stations, the existing base station network includes a plurality of base stations adjacent to the base station in operation, the base station in operation has a power level of artificial noise reception and a transmission power level in operation, the base station in operation defines a direct link coverage area and a reverse link coverage area and the plurality of adjacent base stations each define an area of effective direct link coverage and an effective reverse link coverage area, the apparatus is characterized in that it comprises: a controller to control the levels of attenuation; a first attenuator that has a first level of attenuation -to 'increase the power level of artificial noise reception in response to the controller that increases the first level of attenuation, contracting at P1100 / 96MX both the reverse link coverage area of the base station in operation, - and a second attenuator to decrease a transmission power level in operation, thereby contracting the direct link coverage area of the base station in operation. The apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that the second attenuator has a second attenuation level; and wherein the second attenuator decreases the transmission power level in operation, in response to the controller increasing the second attenuation level. The apparatus according to claim 10, characterized in that for every 1 dB increase of the first attenuation level, the second attenuation level is increased by approximately 1 dB. 12. The apparatus according to claim 10, characterized in that the controller includes a timer, the timer is adjusted in such a way that the controller increases the first and second attenuation levels at a speed less than or equal to 1 dB / second. The apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that the base station in operation has a total reception power level, the apparatus further comprises a power detector for detecting an indication Output P1100 / 96MX of the power level in operation proportional to the total reception power level of the base station in operation; wherein the second decreases the transmission power level in operation in response to the output indication of the power level in operation detected by the power detector. The apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that each of the plurality of stations • "adjacent J" bases have an adjacent reception power level and an adjacent transmitted power level, and include a power level compensator to sense an output indication of adjacent power level proportional to the adjacent reception power level for adjusting the adjacent transmitted power level in response to the output indication of the adjacent power level 15. The apparatus according to claim 14, characterized in that a first product of the total reception power level and the transmission power level in operation. it is controlled to maintain balanced the direct and reverse link coverage areas of the base station in operation, and wherein the second product of the adjacent reception power level and the adjacent transmission power level is controlled to maintain the balance areas Direct and reverse link coverage of each P1100 / 96MX one of the plurality of base stations. 16. The apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that the term of the contraction of the direct and reverse link coverage areas of the operating base station occurs when the transmission power level in operation is approximately equal to zero. 17. A method of adding a new base station to a network of existing base stations, the existing base station network includes a plurality of base stations adjacent to the new base station, the new base station has a power level of receiving artificial noise and a new level of transmission power, the new base station defines a direct link coverage area and a reverse link coverage area and the plurality of adjacent base stations each define an effective direct link coverage area and an effective reverse link coverage area, the method is characterized in that it comprises: first adjusting the first attenuation level to a first attenuation setting; secondly adjusting the artificial noise reception power level to a power adjustment in response to the adjustment of the first attenuation level to said first attenuation setting; first decrease the first level of attenuation from the first attenuation setting and increase the new P1100 / 96MX "transmit power level, whereby the direct link coverage area of the new base station is expanded, secondly the artificial noise receiving power level of the power adjustment in decreasing response of the first attenuation level, thereby expanding the reverse link coverage area of the new base station 18. The method according to claim 17, further characterized in that it comprises adjusting a second attenuation level to a second adjustment of the second. attenuation and decrease the second attenuation level of the second attenuation setting, where the new transmission power level increases in response to the decrease of the second attenuation level 19. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that it also includes a fourth reduction of the second attenuation level by approximately 1 dB for each 1 dB decrease of the first level of attenuation. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that the first and second attenuation levels decrease at a speed less than or equal to ldB / second. 21. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that the new base station has a level of P1100 / 96MX total reception power, the method further comprises detecting first, a new output indication of the power level proportional to the total reception power level of the new base station in operation; wherein the new transmission power level is increased in response to the new output indication of the power level. The method according to claim 21, characterized in that each of the plurality of adjacent base stations has an adjacent reception power level and an adjacent transmitted power level, and the method further comprises detecting in the second place an output indication of the adjacent power level proportional to the adjacent reception power level; and adjusting the adjacent reception power level in response to the output indication of the adjacent power level. The method according to claim 22, characterized in that it further comprises controlling first a first product of the total reception power level and the new transmission power level in order to maintain the direct and reverse link coverage areas of the new base station balanced.; and secondly controlling a second product, the adjacent reception power level and the adjacent transmission power level to maintain the link coverage areas balanced P1100 / 96MX direct and inverse of each of the plurality of adjacent base stations. 24. The method according to. claim 17, characterized in that the new base station has a predetermined predetermined transmission power level, the method further comprising terminating the expansion of the direct and reverse link coverage areas of the new base station upon reaching the predetermined transmission power level. wanted. 25. In a system having a plurality of base stations for bidirectional communication with a remote unit, wherein the information is communicated to the remote unit from the plurality of base stations on a direct link, and the information is communicated to the plurality of base stations from the remote unit in a reverse link, and wherein each base station defines a direct link coverage area and a reverse link coverage area, a method for adding a new base station having a new coverage area of reverse link and a new direct link coverage area with the plurality of base stations, characterized in that it comprises the steps of: gradually increasing the reception sensitivity of the new base station, in such a way that the new reverse link coverage area Of the new P1100 / 96MX base station gradually expands; and adjusting a direct link power level at the new base station based on reception sensitivity to preserve the balance of a position of the new reverse link coverage area in relation to the position of the new direct link coverage area . 26. A method for adding a new base station of claim 25, characterized in that the product of a reverse link power level in the new base station and the forward link power level in the new base station is equal at a constant during the steps of gradually increasing the reception sensitivity and adjusting the direct link power level. 27. In a system having a plurality of base stations, each of the plurality of base stations has a corresponding direct link coverage area and a corresponding reverse link coverage area, wherein each of the plurality of base stations is to communicate with a remote unit located within the corresponding direct link coverage area and each of the plurality of base stations is to receive the communication- from a remote unit located within the corresponding reverse link coverage area, a method for adding a new base station to the plurality of base stations having a first coverage area of P1100 / 96MX direct link and a first reverse link coverage area, characterized in that it comprises the steps of: gradually increasing the transmission power level of the new base station to expand a position of the first direct link coverage area, - and gradually lowering the artificial load level of the first reverse link coverage area to expand a position of the first reverse link coverage area; wherein the position of the first direct link coverage area and the position of the first reverse coverage area are co-positioned during the increment and decrement steps. 28. The method for adding a new base station of claim 27, characterized in that a total reverse link power level adjusts the position of the first reverse link coverage area, wherein the total reverse link power level comprises energy received from a set of remote units located within the first expanding reverse link coverage area and the artificial load level. 29. The method for adding a new base station of claim 28, characterized in that a total reverse link power level of the first reverse link coverage area further comprises received energy P1100 / 96MX from a non-system user and from a set of remote units located within a reverse link coverage area corresponding to a second base station. The method for adding a new base station of claim 27, characterized in that the step of gradually lowering the artificial load level of the first reverse link coverage area is limited to a maximum coverage area limit. 31. A method for initiating communication with an additional base station in a system comprising a plurality of base stations in operation, characterized in that it comprises the steps of: transmitting a direct link signal to a first power level selected from the station additional base that defines a first direct link coverage area; receiving a reverse link signal at a first power level at the additional base station defining a first reverse link coverage area; transmitting a forward link signal to a selected power level from a first base station in operation defining a second direct link coverage area, wherein the first direct link coverage area and the second direct link coverage area is intercept to define a first position of equality of P1100 / 96MX direct link, in which a mobile unit receives communication with the same performance level of the additional base station and the first base station in operation; receiving a reverse link signal at a power level in the first operating base station defining a second reverse link coverage area, wherein the first reverse link coverage area and the second reverse link coverage area are intercepted to define a first reverse link equality position, wherein the additional base station and the first base station in operation receive communication from a mobile unit in the first reverse link equality position with the same level of performance, and wherein the first direct link equality position and the first reverse link equality position are the same, - transmit from the additional base station the forward link signal at a slightly higher power level which defines a first direct link coverage area slightly larger and a second position of equality of direct link, in such a way that the second position of equality of the The direct link is closer to the first base station in operation than the first direct link equality position, and receive the reverse link signal at a slightly lower power level at the first base station. P1100 / 96MX - thus defines a first reverse link coverage area slightly larger than the additional base station, and which defines a new reverse link equality position in the same position as the second direct link equality position. 32. The method for initiating communication with an additional base station of claim 31, characterized in that each of the plurality of stations ** "" "base in operation of the system transmits a pilot signal, and where the direct link signal from the additional base station is the pilot signal corresponding to the additional base station 33. The method to initiate communication with a station additional base of claim 31, characterized in that each of the plurality of base stations in operation of the system transmits a pilot signal and message signals, and wherein the forward link signal from the additional base station is the pilot signal and the signals messages corresponding to the additional base station 34. The method for initiating communication with an additional base station of claim 31, characterized in that the product of the first power level selected from the forward link signal from the additional base station and the first level of signal strength P1100 / 96MX reverse link in the additional base station is equal to a constant, and wherein the product of the slightly higher power level of the forward link signal from the additional base station and the slightly lower power level of the link signal Inverse in the additional base station is equal to said constant. 35. The method for initiating communication with an additional base station of claim 34, characterized in that the product of the selected power level of the forward link signal from the first base station in operation and the power level of the link signal Inverse in the first base station in operation is equal to said constant. 36. The method for initiating communication with an additional base station of claim 34, characterized in that the first power level of the reverse link signal in the additional base station comprises an artificial power amount. 37. The method for initiating communication with an additional base station of claim 36, characterized in that the power level of the reverse link signal in the first base station in operation comprises an amount of artificial power such that the product of the level power of the direct link signal from the first base station in operation and the level of P1100 / 96MX power of the direct link signal at the first base station in operation is equal to said constant. 38. In a system having a plurality of stations for bidirectional communication with a mobile unit, wherein the information is communicated to the mobile unit from the plurality of base stations on a direct link, and the information is communicated to the plurality of base stations in a direct link, and the information is communicated to the plurality of base stations from the mobile unit in a reverse link, and wherein each base station defines a direct link coverage area and a reverse link coverage area , a method for removing a first base station having a first reverse link coverage area and a first direct link coverage area of the plurality of base stations is characterized in that it comprises the steps of: progressively decreasing the reception sensitivity of the first base station, such that the new reverse link coverage area of the first base station is progressively contracted; and adjusting a direct link power level at the first base station based on reception sensitivity to preserve the balance of a position of the first reverse link coverage area relative to a position of the first direct link coverage area . P1100 / 96MX 39. A method for removing a first base station of claim 38, characterized in that the product of a reverse link power level in the first base station and the forward link power level in the first base station is equal to a constant during the steps to decrease the reception sensitivity and adjust the direct link power level. 40. In a system having a plurality of base stations, each of the plurality of base stations has a corresponding direct link coverage area and a corresponding reverse link coverage area wherein each of the plurality of base stations is will communicate with a mobile unit located within the corresponding direct link coverage area and each of the plurality of base stations will receive communication from a mobile unit located within the corresponding reverse link coverage area, a method to withdraw, from the plurality of stations having a withering direct link coverage area and a withering reverse link coverage area, a withering base station, characterized in that it comprises the steps of: decreasing in a non-instantaneous manner a transmitting power level of the base station that withers to contract a position of the coverage area a link Direct P1100 / 96MX withering; and non-instantaneously increasing an artificial load level of the reverse link coverage area that withers to contract a withering reverse link coverage area position; where the position of the withering direct link coverage area and the position of the withering reverse link coverage area are co- - * *. positioned during the steps of increasing and decreasing, - 41. The method for removing a withering base station from claim 40, characterized in that the total reverse link power level adjusts the position of the reverse link coverage area that is withering, wherein the total reverse link power level comprises energy received from a set of mobile units located within the withering reverse link coverage area and the artificial load level. 42. The method for removing a withering base station from claim 41, characterized in that the total reverse link power level of the withering reverse link coverage area further comprises energy received from a non-system user and a set of mobile units located within a reverse link coverage area corresponding to a second P1100 / 96MX base station. 43. The method for removing a withering base station from claim 40, characterized in that the step of non-instantaneously increasing the artificial load level of the withering reverse link coverage area is terminated when the coverage area of reverse link that withers is virtually eliminated. 44. A method for terminating communication with "" * "a target base station in a system comprising a plurality of base stations in operation, characterized in that it comprises the steps of: transmitting a forward link signal to a selected first power level from the target base station defining a first direct link coverage area, receiving a reverse link signal to a first power level at the target base station defining a first reverse link coverage area, transmitting a direct link signal at a power level selected from a first base station in operation defining a second direct link coverage area, wherein the first direct link coverage area and the second direct link coverage area are intercepted to define a first position equality of direct link in which the mobile unit receives communication P1100 / 96MX with the same level of performance of the target base station and the first base station in operation; receiving a reverse link signal at a power level at the first base station in operation defining a second reverse link coverage area, wherein the first reverse link coverage area and the second reverse link coverage area are intercept to define the first reverse link equality position, wherein the target base station and the first base station in operation receive communication from a mobile unit in the first reverse link equality position with the same level of performance, and where the first direct link equality position and the first reverse link equality position are the same, - transmit from the target base station the forward link signal at a slightly lower power level which defines a first direct link coverage area slightly smaller and a second position of equal direct link such that the second position of equality of direct link cto is closer to the target base station than the first direct link equality position, and receive in the target base station the reverse link signal at a slightly higher first power level, by which it defines a second coverage area of reverse link slightly smaller than the P1100 / 96MX target station and "defines a new reverse link equality position in the same position as the second direct link equality position." 45. The method for terminating communication with a target base station of claim 44, characterized in that each of the plurality of base stations in operation of the system transmits a pilot signal and where the direct link signal from the base station "" "~" target is the pilot signal corresponding to the target base station. 46. The method for terminating communication with a target base station of claim 44, characterized in that each, one of the plurality of base stations in operation of the system transmits a pilot signal and message signals, and wherein the forward link signal from the target base station is the pilot signal and the message signals corresponding to the target base station. 47. The method for terminating communication with a target base station of claim 44, characterized in that the product of the first power level selected from the forward link signal from the target base station and the first power level of the link signal inverse in the target base station is equal to a constant, and where the product of the first level of P1100 / 96MX power slightly lower than the forward link signal from the target base station and the first slightly higher power level of the reverse link signal at the target base station is equal to said constant. 48. The method for terminating communication with a target base station of claim 47, characterized in that the product of the selected power level of the forward link signal from the first base station in operation and the power level of the link signal Inverse in the first base station in operation is equal to said constant. 49. The method for terminating communication with a target base station of claim 44, characterized in that the first slightly higher power level of the reverse link signal in the target base station comprises an artificial power amount. 50. The method for terminating communication with a target base station of claim 49, characterized in that the power level of the reverse link signal in the first base station in operation comprises an amount of artificial power such that the product of the level of power of the direct link signal from the first base station in operation and the power level of the reverse link signal at the first base station in operation is equal to said constant. P1100 / 96MX ' 51. An apparatus for eliminating a direct link coverage area and a reverse link coverage area of a base station, in a station system, for bidirectional communication with a set of mobile units is characterized in that it comprises: an antenna system which it has a wired line port that provides an input signal at a reception power level and that receives a transmission signal at a transmission power level; an artificial noise generator having an input connected to the wired line port of the antenna system and having an output port which provides a signal with an amount of artificial noise in addition to the reception power level; a power detector having an input connected to the output port of the artificial noise medium and having an output that provides an output indication of the power level proportional to the sum of the power level of reception and the amount of noise artificial; a variable attenuator having a power control signal input port connected to the output of the power detector and having an input port that receives an information signal and has an output port that provides an information signal P1100 / 96MX controlled by controlled power, with the wired line port of the antenna system adjusting the transmission power level; and a controller that successively increases the amount of artificial noise until the reverse link coverage area is virtually eliminated, - where the transmission power level is controlled to maintain the balance at a position of the area of ~ '~ direct link coverage with a position of the reverse link coverage area. 52. The apparatus for the removal of a direct link coverage area and a reverse link coverage area of a base station of claim 51, characterized in that it further comprises a scale and threshold block located between the power detector and the variable attenuator. 53. The apparatus for the elimination of a direct link coverage area and a reverse link coverage area of a base station of claim 51, characterized in that the artificial noise generator is a variable attenuator. 54. An apparatus for adding a direct link coverage area and a reverse link coverage area of a base station in a base station system for bidirectional communication with a set of units Mobile P1100 / 96MX, characterized in that it comprises: an antenna system having a wired line port which provides an input signal at a reception power level and which receives a signal transmitted at a transmission power level; an artificial noise generator having an input connected to the wired line port of the antenna system and having an output port which provides a signal with an amount of artificial noise in addition to the reception power level, - a power detector having an input connected to the output port of the artificial noise medium and having an output which provides an output indication of the power level proportional to the sum of the reception power level and the amount of artificial noise .; a variable attenuator having an input port of the power control signal connected to the output of the power detector, and having an input port that receives an information signal and has an output port, which provides a signal of power-controlled information, connected to the wired line port of the antenna system, thereby adjusting the transmission power level; and a controller that gradually decreases the P1100 / 96MX amount of artificial noise such that the reverse link coverage area expands from the nominal nonexistence to a full reverse link coverage area existence; wherein the level of transmission power is controlled to maintain the balance at a position of the direct link coverage area with a position of the reverse link coverage area. "" ~ 55. The apparatus for the elimination of a direct link coverage area and a reverse link coverage area of a base station of claim 54, characterized in that it further comprises a scale and threshold block located between the power detector and variable attenuator. 56. The device for the elimination of a direct link coverage area and a reverse link coverage area of a base station of claim 54, characterized in that the artificial noise generator is a variable attenuator. 57. In a cellular communication system having: a plurality of base stations each defining respective geographical coverage areas and a plurality of remote stations, a method for adding an additional base station in the cellular communication system characterized in that It includes the steps of: P1100 / 96MX locating the additional base station within a coverage area of at least one base station of the plurality of base stations; increase by degrees an additional base station coverage area; and decreasing by degrees an area of coverage of the at least one base station within which the additional base station is located. 58. The method according to claim 57, characterized in that each of the respective geographical coverage areas is comprised of a direct link coverage area and a reverse link coverage area, and wherein the step of increasing the area by degrees The coverage of the additional base station comprises the step of equalizing a direct link coverage area of the additional base station with the reverse link coverage area of the additional base station. 59. The method according to claim 57, characterized in that each of the respective geographical coverage areas is comprised of a direct link coverage area and a reverse link coverage area, and wherein the step of increasing the area by degrees The coverage of the additional base station comprises the step of reducing by degrees an amount of artificial noise added to a signal received at the additional base station. P1100 / 96MX 60. The method according to claim 57, characterized in that the coverage area of the additional base station is linked, at least in part, by an equality position, wherein a remote unit located in the equality position has equal communication capabilities with the additional base station and the at least one base station. 61. In a cellular communication system having a plurality of base stations defining each respective geographical coverage area and having a plurality of remote stations, a method for removing a first base station from the plurality of base stations of the communication system cellular is characterized in that it comprises the steps of: decreasing non-instantaneously a coverage area of the first base station, and increasing non-instantaneously a coverage area of at least one base station adjacent to the first base station, and removing the first base station from service when the coverage area of the first base station has been consumed at least in part by the at least one base station. 62. The method according to claim 61, characterized in that each of the respective areas of P1100 / 96MX geographic coverage is comprised of a direct link coverage area and a reverse link coverage area, and wherein the step of non-instantaneously decreasing the coverage area of the first base station comprises the step of equalizing a direct link coverage area of the first base station with reverse link coverage area of the first base station. 63. The method according to claim 61, characterized in that each of the respective geographic coverage areas is comprised of a direct link coverage area and a reverse link coverage area, and wherein the step of increasing in a non- instantaneous the coverage area of the first base station comprises the step of increasing in an instantaneous manner an amount of artificial noise added to a signal received in the first base station. 64. The method according to claim 61, characterized in that the coverage area of the first base station is linked, at least in part, by an equality position, wherein a remote unit located in the equality position has equal communication capabilities. with the first base station and the 'at least one base station. 65. In a cellular communication system having a plurality of base stations defining, each, P1100 / 96MX an area of respective geographic service coverage and having a plurality of remote user stations, a method for modifying the coverage area of the at least one base station in the cellular communication system is characterized in that it comprises the steps of: providing a first base station that has a service coverage area; providing a second base station within the coverage area of the first base station, the second base station lacks a second base station service coverage area, - providing by the second base station a second base station service coverage area within the coverage area of the first base station, the coverage area of the second base station is initially substantially lower than the coverage area of the first base station and progressively increases within the coverage area of the first base station; and providing by the first base station a decrease in the coverage area of the first base station at a rate corresponding to the rate of increase in the coverage area of the second base station. 66. The method according to claim 65, characterized in that it further comprises the step of removing the first base station from the service supply in the system P1100 / 96MX cellular communication when the second station coverage area partly consumes the coverage area of the first base station. 67. The method according to claim 65, further characterized in that it comprises the step of providing service to some of the remote user stations respectively within the coverage areas of the first and second base stations. 68. A cellular communication system for providing communication service with at least one remote user station, characterized in that it comprises: a first base station having a service coverage area of the first base station, - and a second base station located within the coverage area of the first base station, the second base station initially lacks a service coverage area and subsequently introduces a service coverage area of the second base station that increases its size at a first speed, within the area service coverage of the first base station, as the service coverage area of the first base station decreases its size, at a speed that has the same value as the rate of increase of the service coverage area of the second station base. 69. The cellular communication system for P1100 / 9Í.MX providing communication services of claim 68, characterized in that it further comprises a third base station having a third base station service coverage area that overlaps the service coverage area of the first base station, the service coverage area of the third base station decreases in size when the service coverage area of the second base station increases to the service coverage area of the third base station. 70. The cellular communication system for providing communication services of claim 68, characterized in that the service area of the first base station decreases when the coverage area of the second base station consumes, in part, the coverage area of the base station. first base station until the first base station is removed from the service supply in the cellular communication system. 71. The cellular communication system for providing communication services of claim 68, characterized in that the first base station and the second base station provide communication with at least one remote user station, when the at least one remote user station is located within the coverage area of the first base station and the coverage area of the second base station, respectively. P1100 / 96MX