MXPA96000473A - Method of non-invasive forced oxygen enrichment of fertilized bird eggs and egg and bird products of mis - Google Patents

Abstract

A method to non-invasively infuse an egg fertilized with oxygen in such a way that the structural integrity of the egg shell is not compromised, the method comprises the step of subjecting the outer surface of the egg shell to oxygen under a condition of less a vacuum and a positive pressure

Description

"NON-INVASIVE FORCED OXYGEN ENRICHMENT METHOD OF EGGS OF FERTILIZED BIRDS AND EGG AND BIRD PRODUCTS THEREOF" INVENTORS: JAMES P. COX and ROBERT COX, Americans both domiciled at 246 East BaitLett Road, Lynden, WA. 98264 United States of America.

REFERENCE TO RELATED REQUESTS This application is a continuation in part of the North American application Number 07/746, 940, filed on August 19, 1991. The original application is a continuation in part of the US application No. 07/674, 495 filed on March 25, 1991, which was a continuation of the US application No. 07/349, 974, filed May 8, 1989 and abandoned. , which was a continuation of the American Application Number 07 / 196,878, filed on May 19, 1988 and abandoned, which was a continuation of the American Application Number 07 / 070,597, filed July 8, 1987 and abandoned, which was a continuation of the North American application Number 06 / 758,086 filed on June 24, 1985 and abandoned.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In a non-extinct species, the bird egg is known to vary in mass from 0.25 to 1,500 grams. The common poultry egg has an average weight of approximately 60 grams. The common fertilized poultry egg is both an integral life support system and a cradle. However, the life support system is defective. It lacks oxygen. All other elements are present including the fuel with which the ardor of life will be sustained through the 21-day journey. Oxygen is the driving force that feeds the biological matrix from which new life is formed. The synthesis cycle begins at the moment when the "hatching" occurs, that is, the moment at which the viability process begins when the temperature of the fertilized egg exceeds approximately 19.5 ° C to approximately 21 ° C. any considerable period of time. From the first moment the viability process begins, the margins of success are tenuous. A race between the catabolic and anabolic processes begins as the life force moves forward. Oxygen must be obtained and the apparatus for collecting it must be modeled within the margins of the small reserves available. It will never normally be the big challenge or the small margins. Under mildly unfavorable environmental conditions, the battle is lost. Unfortunately, the optimal conditions for incubation also favor internal competitive forces and external invasive forces. Ideal conditions in the incubator, darkness, moderately high humidity and temperatures of 37.5 ° C + 2.8 ° C are almost optimal for the microbial life that will proliferate around and within the egg shell. Therefore, a multitude of strange life forms are present. Some may be harmless other competitors or antagonists and it is still possible that some family types such as Salmonella are symbiotic for the avian neonate.

Feasibility processes start at the center but subsequently focus outward towards the ends of the egg. Surrounding the embryo is a laminar membrane game. The outer layer (currently a bi-layer) is against the shell. The internal layer is referred to as the chorioallantic membrane and envelops the albumin and yolk. In the outer shell it is composed of crystalline calcium and is often thicker than the inner shell and the other adjacent membranes combined. The outer surface has trumpet-shaped pores that run through the shell to the surface to the membrane. Typically there are approximately 7,000 to 17,000 pores distributed across the surface of the shell, with the highest density at the rounded end (top) of the egg next to the air sac positioned adjacent to the inside of the shell. The air sac is a space created by a separation between the outer and inner shell membranes, where the outer membrane remains fixed and the internal membrane (chorioallantic) separates from the outer shell membrane. The separation between the two membranes creates the air sac that serves as a gas exchange reservoir which is sometimes referred to as the "wall" lung. The lung wall breathes in response to changes in temperature and atmospheric pressures. The lung wall also grows larger and larger as the egg requires less and less space when using its reserves, the byproducts of which pass through the lung to the outside. Once incubation has begun, the embryo provides a network of arteries and veins to the working side of the lung, which then allow efficient gas exchange through the lung. The prior art discloses that as pressure is applied and then increased to fertilized eggs, fatalities from the beginning of the pressure increase very rapidly up to 100 percent. The prior art also discloses that as a vacuum is applied and then increased to fertilized eggs, the fatalities of the initiation of pressure increase very rapidly up to 100 percent. In addition, the prior art shows that when the ambient oxygen is increased or decreased above normal concentrations (21 percent) during incubation, the hatching rate of fertilized eggs decreases remarkably. In sum, the prior art shows that there is no known advantage for any process applied to fertilized eggs before incubation, and that fertilized eggs are adversely affected by these treatments.

Artificial incubation and handling methods have been developed through the last century to create the best known conditions of humidity, air circulation, stable storage and incubation and movement temperature to provide maximum brooding of the fertilized egg material. For storage of fertilized egg material, a (upper) air bag is preferred up to no more than 20 days at a temperature of approximately 13 ° C. For incubation, a bag of air (top) of humidity of about 60 ° C during the first 18 days and of about 70 percent during the last 3 days at a temperature of 37.5 ° C + 2.8 ° C with a oscillatory movement similar to a soft cradle, timed approximately once every 90 minutes, and filtered, recirculated ambient air (21 percent of O2) • These conditions result in a more or less average average brooding. The average hatching percentages vary considerably depending on the storage age of the fertilized egg material and the age, type and conditions of the flocks of layers from which they are derived. In general, the scale is about 80 percent to less than 86 percent hatching, or a mortality rate of 14 percent to 20 percent, minus the percentage of unfertilized eggs.

Shortly after hatching, the chickens are injected with vaccines (such as Marek's) to avoid the sickness of the flock. Significant expense and mortality are incurred due to the invasive nature of the injection. The improvements in the total health of hatched chickens strongly influences the efficiencies with respect to the growth factors of the flock, that is, the percentages of growth, size, resistance, fertility, feed conversion, susceptibility to diseases and finally the total commercial success of flocks of layers, breeding or those birds for roasting and frying for meat. Improvements related to better disease resistance, feed conversion, resistance and increased commercial growth success are also desirable. Finally, the ability to provide initial nutrition benefits, to provide drugs related to improved mortality or growth, to alter or manipulate sex characteristics, to provide microbial synergistic agents (probiotics), to control disease agents including those of corral and those pathogenic to humans, it is also desirable.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Oxygen as defined herein includes O (oxono), 02 O3 (ozone) or any convenient source thereof including liquid oxygen, hydrogen peroxide and potassium permanganate, all the above chemical substances are defined as oxygen-carrying chemicals . The fertilized egg as defined herein includes both fertilized and pre-fertilized eggs (egg) - which is also referred to as "vital eggs" - of any bird egg including chicken, turkey, goose, duck, raptor and parakeet The present invention encompasses the treatment of fertilized eggs before and in the prenatal incubation phases by methods employing one or more of the combinations of empty pressures and above ambient oxygen levels in the form of O2 and / or 03, sources of them to transfer non-invasively O2 and / or O3 through the egg shell without compromising the structural integrity of the shell. When used in accordance with the present invention to achieve the ends as noted, ozone exhibits vitalization as opposed to expected lethal properties by lending to the ovule with markedly improved resistance. This not only results in significantly higher survivorship through incubation, but also greater resistance to adulthood. Contrary to the prior art, it is in the incubation period and before the egg has developed the oxygen collecting organs or breathing the forced treatment of oxygen / ozone shows the most profound results. Increased brooding of fertilizable eggs can be obtained by enrichment with oxygen preferably forced and more preferably when the treatment is applied before or shortly after the incubation begins, with the oxygen being supplied to the interstices of the egg - even at high concentration levels that would normally be considered lethal concentrations. The increase of non-invasive oxygen can be achieved in a variety of ways, including subjecting fertilized eggs to brief periods of voids and / or pressures in the presence of oxygen or oxygen-containing substances or carriers.

Noninvasive but forced infusion of disease control vaccines from fertilized eggs, with and without simultaneous forced oxygen enrichment, can also provide profound benefits in terms of reduced mortality and cost savings from inoculation. Stronger inoculation occurs and considerable reductions in hatching than mortality by injection. In addition, non-invasive forced perfusion and characteristic health and gender growth additives such as aromatase, can be added with or without enriched oxygen providing valuable benefits to treated brood flocks including disease control and significant "out-of-shell" infection, improved growth, additional feed conversions and robustness and total vitality. In addition, the levels of enrichment required to improve the survival of fertilized eggs also lend chickens greater robustness, as shown by better feed conversions throughout the growing period. The result is much higher production efficiencies. Feed conversion is a composite result that may comprise one or more other performance factors such as healthier, more resistant, less sick, more resistant to disease. Also, the microbicidal effects of oxygen against endemic bacteria of poultry such as Salmonella, are obtained; particularly if active forms such as nascent oxygen and ozone are increased in the oxygen enrichment treatment. Finally, the present invention provides improved feed safety since it is axiomatic that healthier animals provide healthier, safer food products.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The aforementioned objects and the inherent advantages of this invention will be more readily apparent as it is better understood by reference to the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 is a functional diagram of a first exemplary process of the present invention; Figure 2 is a functional diagram of a second exemplary process of the present invention; Figure 3 is a functional diagram of an exemplary third process of the present invention; Figure 4 is a functional diagram of an exemplary fourth process of the present invention; Figures 5A to 5C are schematic representations of a localized non-invasive process and apparatus for increasing the oxygen / ozone of the present invention; Figure 6 is a schematic representation of a systematic non-invasive process and apparatus for increasing the oxygen / ozone of the present invention; Figures 7A through 7H are schematic representations of a second process and localized non-invasive apparatus for increasing the oxygen / ozone of the present invention; Figure 8 is a graphic representation of the vacuum and pressure processes of the present invention; Figure 9 is a graphic representation of the vacuum process of the present invention; Figure 10 is a graphic representation of the pressure process of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED MODALITIES I. TOTAL VIEW A. Oxygen The application of oxygen can be calculated as any equivalent molar weight above the atmospheric concentrations (20.946 percent) supplied to the fertilized egg. Oxygen includes allotropic forms, nascent oxygen, liquid oxygen and oxygen containing compositions such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) potassium permanganate (KMn? 4) and the like. The molar weights calculated as percentages of oxygen in the enrichment fluid supplied to the fertilized egg, can be calculated as O (oxono) at a molar weight of 7.9997, O2 (oxygen) at a molar mass of 15.9994 and O3 (ozone) at a weight molar of 47,982. For purposes of increased hatching capacity of fertilized eggs, the working scale of oxygen enrichment calculated as 02 / O3 or a combination thereof that can be used is greater than that of the environment and is from about 21 percent to about 99.9998 percent. The preferred oxygen scale is from about 25 percent to about 99.99 percent. The percentage of oxygen especially preferred is about 45 percent + 4 percent. When the reduction of indigenous microbes is the object or an additional object, the preferred scale is from about 50 percent to about 95 percent and the especially preferred oxygen concentration is about 70 percent + 5 percent. For boiling capacity, oxygen can be oxygen of high purity or a mixture of oxygen of high purity (O2) and ozone (O3) as liquids or gases. Oxygen sources can also be selected as hydrogen peroxides, a solution of potassium permanganate and other fluxed oxygen carriers. A mixture of O 2 and O 3 of from about 1 to about 250 parts per million of O 3 to O 2 is preferred. For hatching and microbial control, a mixture of O 2 and O 3 with O 2 can also be used within the range of about 10 to about 5,000 parts per million O 2. A ratio of about 100 parts per million O3 to O2 is preferred. Although not preferred, H2O2 O2 and O3 can also be used in combination or H2O2 can be used as an adjunct agent or treatment at scales from about 0.001 percent to about 30 percent in an aqueous solution. About 7 percent + to about 4 percent is preferred. Aqueous solutions of potassium permanganate can vary from about 0.001 percent to about 20 percent in an aqueous solution, but are preferred at lower concentrations, that is, from about 3 percent + to about 2 percent. The scale of work of oxygen in weight in comparison with the weight of the egg is from approximately 0.0001 gram to approximately 20 grams per 1,000 grams of egg mass. As stated, oxygen can be from any source such as liquid oxygen, purified oxygen, oxygen or ozone dissolved or associated with water or another carrier (s) or solute (s), including but not limited to ambient air as a carrier of ozone. The preferred scale is from about 0.001 to about 9 grams per 1,000 grams of egg mass. The preferred amount is about 3.0 grams per 1,000 grams of egg mass. When oxygen or only one source or source of oxygen is used as the treatment agent or in a carrier (usually but not always one or both of air or water), the concentrations may vary from over the environment (21 percent) to approximately 99.9998 percent. The preferred scale is from about 60 percent to about 99 percent. Some other preferred oxygen levels as the treatment agent or ingredient thereof are: when applied as a gas including oxygen available in the carrier, approximately 95 percent; when applied as a liquid with the carrier (s), to approximately 50 percent; as it is applied as a super-cooled gas or liquid, approximately 99.8 percent; when applied as a liquid or supercooled gas containing at least one part per million of ozone, to approximately 99 percent; when applied as a hydrogen peroxide solution, approximately 60 percent; and as a solution of hydrogen peroxide and / or permanganate containing at least one part per million of ozone, about 70 percent. Blends of oxygen with ozone are the especially preferred enrichment media.

B. Negative Pressure: Fertilized eggs can be subjected to negative pressure on the outer surface of the egg. One method is to place the egg in a closed full chamber on which negative pressure is exerted to create a vacuum. Vacuums are applied externally from the egg in order to create space within the egg for oxygen, and to force the forms of enriched oxygen (s) and the oxygen carrying substance (s) through the shell during the release of negative pressure . The capacity of the egg enrichment is improved by disinfusion of the vacuum of the ambient gases present previously in the internal spaces and as gases dissolved in the matter of the egg. This step is followed by critical introduction of the selected oxygen-containing enrichment mixtures in the full vacuum chamber to the egg, which is also in a negative pressure state. Alternative treatment methods can also be used even when the basic principles remain in operation. The aforementioned treatment method allows the optimum concentration of the selected enrichment gases towards the egg to be optimized. This means can be achieved by ways other than using a camera or container. For example, the egg can be heated to cause internal expansion, resulting in the expulsion of the internal gases from the environment and cooling the egg in the presence of the selected enrichment gases after which the egg will absorb the enrichment gases and replace at least some of the original ambient gases present. Also, liquid oxygen that preferably contains ozone can be applied by fine spraying to the pores of the egg surface to infuse oxygen. Another example is to employ a pressure vessel such as a suction cup which can be fixed by contact with the surface of the outer shell preferably immediately above the air bag where the pores are at maximum density. Applying the negative pressure vacuum through an opening in the cup or suction cup, the air bag and the other portions of the egg are emptied of indigenous gases. The oxygen and other treatment agents can then be infused through the pores of the shell by negative pressure and / or in a positive pressure stream. While not essential for minimal oxygen enrichment, treatment voids are preferred when gases are used alone. An exception to the use of vacuum is when the available oxygen or other treatment agent is in a liquid or is associated with a carrier such as liquid oxygen, solutions of hydrogen peroxide or potassium permanganate in aqueous solution, as examples. In these cases, a perfusate containing a positively pressurized fluid stream can be directed through and forced through the pores appropriately. However, as a general rule, the preferred steps are a negative pressure and then a positive pressure. The work scales of the gaps that can be used are from greater than the environment to approximately 762 millimeters of mercury for a short period of time. The time scale for the application of the preferred voids from environment to 749.30 millimeters of mercury is approximately one second to twenty minutes. The preferred vacuum scale is approximately 50,760 millimeters of mercury. The preferred time scale for application of the above-preferred vacuum scale is from about one to about ten minutes. The preferred vacuum, if an additional pressure cycle is not used, is approximately 711.20 millimeters and + 38.10 millimeters of mercury. The preferred preferred vacuum time if an additional pressure cycle treatment is not employed is about one and one and one half minutes + one minute. If it is going to be applied to the egg, also a positive pressure cycle, then the preferred vacuum is still about 711.20 millimeters of mercury + 44.45 millimeters of mercury for about one to one and a half minutes + one minute. In general, the time to achieve the selected vacuum can vary from about one second to twenty minutes. Preferred times to achieve selected gaps for all preferred scales is from about thirty seconds to about ten minutes. The preferred time to achieve vacuum is approximately three minutes + 1.5 minutes. If a given vacuum is achieved too quickly, such as 760 millimeters of mercury in a second, physical damage to some eggs can occur. The opposite is the case for the time through which the vacuum is maintained. If it is maintained very long at higher vacuum scales, eg, of approximately 685.80 millimeters of mercury for twelve to thirty minutes, the vacuum can cause damage to certain eggs. Negative pressure may not be required for a lower efficiency treatment; Positive pressure alone can be adequate. Of course, the opposite is also the case. When the lower efficiency treatment is acceptable, however, positive pressures are usually preferred since it only fills the air bag. All except the most modest negative pressure treatments (of approximately 76.20 millimeters of mercury up 40. 64 millimeters of mercury) will challenge the air bag and the air bag can only be refilled by at least one small positive pressure step (approximately .352 to .703 kilogram per square centimeter in a full chamber).

C. Positive Pressure Positive pressure as well as negative pressure without oxygen kills fertilized eggs. If a positive and / or negative pressure is applied for a sufficient period of time or a sufficiently high or low pressure, even the added oxygens will not prevent egg fatalities. The working scale of positive pressures that can be employed are from slightly higher than the environment (approximately .211 kilogram per square centimeter) to approximately 4.22 kilograms per square centimeter for approximately 1 second to approximately 30 minutes. The preferred pressure scale is about .141 kilogram per square centimeter to about 2.46 kilograms per square centimeter for from about 1 second to about 10 minutes. The preferred pressure and time is approximately .98 kilogram per square centimeter + .21 kilogram per square centimeter for about one and one and a half minutes + one minute. Preferred pressure scales vary when the vacuum is also used and are from about .21 kilogram per square centimeter to about 1.41 kilogram per square centimeter for from about 4 minutes to about 15 minutes, but vary from about .14 kilogram per square centimeter to approximately 2.46 kilograms per square centimeter for one second to approximately 10 minutes are also acceptable. The preferred pressure with vacuum is about .98 kilogram per square centimeter for about 2 minutes. The working scales for the pressure when applied to an oxygen-carrying fluid stream are from approximately 1.76 kilograms per square centimeter to approximately 10.55 kilograms per square centimeter and when low fluid flow of approximately 7.03 kilograms per square centimeter is applied to approximately 105.45 kilograms per square centimeter.

II. SPECIFIC EXAMPLES EXAMPLE 1: With reference to Figures 1 and 8, the fertilized eggs were enriched in a forced manner with oxygen in the following manner. Five hundred and twenty eggs were treated and five hundred and twenty were kept as controls. The average weight of the eggs was 60 grams + 5 grams. Sixty-five eggs were in each treatment and the total number of treatments was eight. Bottled oxygen (99.8 percent) was regulated under pressure to be supplied to the treatment vessel at 2.25 kilograms per square centimeter through an ultraviolet ozone generator (bulb or bulb of 7.5 watts, 2,537 units amstrong) and an ultraviolet camera (diameter of 17.78 centimeters per length of 35.56 centimeters). The ozone generated from oxygen was 0.5 gram per cubic meter of oxygen at 2.25 kilograms per square centimeter. Sixty-five eggs were placed in the pressure vessel and sealed. The vacuum level was selected as being 723.90 millimeters of mercury with the time elapsed until the complete vacuum being 2.5 minutes. At 723.90 millimeters of mercury the evacuation of the chamber was stopped and the eggs were retained for five minutes. Oxygen equilibrated in the ultraviolet chamber at 2.25 kilograms per square centimeter was slowly fed into the egg container to restore ambient pressure. The combination of O2 O3 continues to feed into the chamber for approximately 10 minutes until a pressure of 2.25 kilograms per square centimeter was achieved. The pressure of 2.25 kilograms per square centimeter was maintained for five minutes. Immediately afterwards, the exhalation valve of the pressure vessel containing the eggs was opened and the oxygen and ozone were discharged until the chamber was able to reach the ambient pressure. The time from the exhaust or discharge of the oxygen / ozone pressurized to ambient pressure was approximately one minute. The eggs were removed from the chamber and the process was repeated seven times until five hundred and twenty eggs had been treated per test. After being removed from the camera, the time from the process until the eggs had been "hatched" in the incubator varied from five to one hundred and twenty minutes. The temperature through the process and the retention time of preincubation was 16 ° C + 2.8 ° C. The results were the following: Broods Not% Increased Increase Control Group 435 85 83.7 Group Number 1 458 62 88.1 5.3 Control Group 417 103 80.2 Group Number 2 437 «83 84.0 4.7 Control Group 444 76 85.4 Group Number 3 463 57 89.0 4.2 Control Group 437 83 84.0 Group Number 4 467 53 89.8 6.9 Control Group 433 87 83.3 Group Number 5 456 64 87.7 5.3 Control Group 470 50 90.4 Group Number 6 489 31 94.0 4.0 Control Group 422 98 81.2 Group Number 7 462 58 88.8 9.4 Control Group 450 70 86.5 Group Number 8 471 49 90.6 4.7 Control Group 433 87 83.3 Group Number 9 457 63 87.9 5.5 Control Group 434 86 83.5 Group Number 10 456 82 87.7 5.0 The average increase in hatching for all ten groups was 5.5 percent.

Grown Growth Test No _%% Increased Growth Control Group 435 85 83.7 Group Number 11 458 62 88.1 5.3 After hatching, both the treated and control chickens of Group Number 11 were transported to a growth facility where feed intake and body weight were monitored weekly. Feed consumption is typically calculated based on the amount of feed needed to increase the bird's weight by .454 kilogram. This is referred to in the industry as the feed conversion ratio. Food efficiencies have increased dramatically in recent years so there is little room for improvement. However, industry calculations indicate that even small reductions in the feed conversion ratio that are measured up to the second signal point are significant and can represent considerable savings for the poultry producer. The results of the feed conversion analysis are listed in the table below.

Results: FOOD CONVERSION (Kilograms of Food: Kilograms of Increase) Group 13 20 45 of Days Days Days Days Reduction Control 432 .559 632,902 Treaty 419,513 623,897 0.55 Differences in body weight were determined by individual chicken weight measurements for both control and treated chickens. The table presented below is an average of the body weight data collected in the treated and control chickens. Results: BODY WEIGHT (Kilograms) Group 6 13 20 45% of Days Days Days Days Reduction Control .114 .268 .601 2.33 Treaty .122 .303 .648 2.39 2.61 EXAMPLE 2 Of the 1,728 fertilized eggs, 576 were kept as controls and 288 were subjected to a vacuum of 756.9 millimeters of mercury for ten minutes, pressurized at ambient pressure with filtered air only, and then placed in an incubator as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 9. Another 288 fertilized eggs were placed in a pressure chamber for fifteen minutes with filtered ambient air only at 1.97 kilograms per square centimeter and then placed in the same incubator as shown in Figure 3 and in Figure 10. Another 288 fertilized eggs were subjected to a vacuum of 756.9 millimeters of mercury for 10 minutes and were pressurized with filtered ambient air only for 15 minutes at 1.97 kilograms per square centimeter as shown in Figure 1 (but no generation). of ultraviolet light from ozone) and Figure 8. Another 288 fertilized eggs were subjected to a vacuum of 756.9 millimeters of mercury for ten minutes and immediately pressurized with O2 / O3 for fifteen minutes at 1.97 kilograms per square centimeter. The mixture of 99.6 percent pure oxygen was washed through a 35 watt ultraviolet light (2,537 angstrom units) until the ozone concentration measured by an ozone monitoring device was 4.5 grams per cubic meter of Ü2. The mixture was flooded into the vacuum chamber to release the vacuum over a period of eight minutes and then allowed to press the container to 1.97 kilograms per square centimeter through a period of fifteen minutes as shown in Figure 1 and in Figure 8. All test batches and controls were randomly placed in the same Jamesway incubator for 2, 000 eggs (Model Number 1080) at a relative humidity of 60 percent and at a temperature of 37.5 ° C + 2.8 ° C. Results: Group Empollados No% of Empollados Empolla- Hard increase Control 488 84.7 Group Number 1 235 53 81.6 -3.7 (Only Empty) Group Number 2 238 50 82.6 -2.5 (Only under Pressure) Group Number 3 231 57 80.2 -5.3 ( Pressure / Vacuum) Group Number 4 260 28 90.3 +6.6 (Vacuum / Pressure / 03) These results demonstrate the bactericidal efficacy of pressure and vacuum and the beneficial effects of O2 / O3 on fertilized egg mortality when applied before incubation and in the initial prenatal phases of the egg.

EXAMPLE 3: Example 1 was repeated, with the exception that no pressure cycle was used, see Figure 1 and Figure 8, excluding the pressure cycle. The chamber was brought under vacuum at ambient pressure and then discharged, and the eggs were removed for incubation.

Results: Broods Not% of Em-% of Brooding peel Increase Controls 430 90 82.7 Group Number 1 438 82 84.2 1.8 Controls 420 100 80.8 Group Number 2 434 86 83.5 3.3 Controls 431 89 82.9 Group Number 3 454 66 87.3 5.3 The average increase through control was approximately 3.5 percent. This test demonstrates the profound effect of O2 / O3 when added to the vacuum admission. (Compare these results with the results of the test where O2 / O3 was not used).

EXAMPLE 4: Example 3 was repeated with the exception that only ambient air without oxygen / ozone was attracted to the vacuum admission, see Figure 2 and Figure 9. Vacuum treatment only of fertilized eggs without the benefit of oxygen, and particularly ozone, results in significant increased mortality when compared to controls. Results: Empc • ied Not% of Empo% of Brooding Increase Controls 433 87 83.3 Group No. 1 418 102 80.4 -3.5 Controls 450 70 8 6.5 Group No. 2 434 86 83.5 -3.5 Controls 454 66 87.3 Group No. 3 441 79 84.8 -2.9 EXAMPLE 5: The protocol of Example 3 was followed with the exception that only pressure was used (without oxygen or ozone); see Figure 3 and Figure 10. Air was supplied by a two horsepower two-horsepower air compressor through a carbon filter. Treatment with pressure only of fertilized eggs without oxygen benefit, and in particular ozone, gave results with a significant increased mortality when compared with controls. Results: Broods Not% of Empo% of Broods fillet Increase Controls 431 89 82.9 Group No. 1 423 97 81.3 -1.9 Controls 440 80 84.6 Group No. 2 428 92 82.3 -2.7 Controls 456 64 87.7 Group No. 3 441 79 84.8 -3.3 EXAMPLE 6: As shown in Figure 4 and Figure 10, pressure treatment only of eggs fertilized with oxygen and in particular ozone, results in significant brooding regimes significant in relation to the controls.

Oxygen and ozone were supplied at 2.25 kilograms per square centimeter.

Results: Broods Not% of Empo% of Broods fillet Increase Controls 444 76 85.4 Group No. 1 463 57 89.0 4.2 Controls 420 100 80.8 Group No. 2 434 86 83.5 3.3 Controls 423 97 81.3 Group No. 3 437 91 84.0 3.3 Controls 4.39 81 84.4 Group No. 4 456 64 87.7 3.9 EXAMPLE 7: As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 8 (without pressure cycle), the vacuum treatment only of eggs fertilized with oxygen and in particular ozone, results in significant brooding regimes significant in relation to the controls. Oxygen and ozone were supplied at 723.9 millimeters of mercury.

Results: Grown No% of Empo% of Grooved ground Au: ment Controls 467 53 89.8 Group No. 1 476 44 91.5 1.9 Controls 439 81 84.4 Group No. 2 456 64 87.7 3.9 Controls 425 95 81.7 Group No. 3 440 80 84.6 3.5 Control 2 and Group 2 chickens were grown separately for twenty-three days. The mortality in the control group was ten birds or a loss of 2.3 percent. For the test group it was seven birds, that is, a loss of 1.5 percent.

EXAMPLE 8: PROOF 1: Non-invasive injection of hydrogen peroxide solutions through the pores of the fertile egg shells results a significant brooding increase. 500 milliliters of 8 percent solution of hydrogen peroxide were added to the reservoir of a 3 milliliter peristaltic supply pump attached to a 12.70 centimeter long by 6.35 millimeter diameter plastic tip nozzle with a perforation of approximately one millimeter The pump line pressure during the positive phase measured 4.53 kilograms per square centimeter. Results: Test 1 Broods Not% of Empo--% of Broods Controls 441 79 84.8 Group No. 1 456 64 87.7 3.4 Controls 427 93 82.1 Group No. 2 440 80 84.6 3.0 Controls 442 78 85.0 Group No. 3 455 65 87.5 2.9 Controls 470 50 90.4 Group No. 4 489 31 94.0 4.0 The e: polypeptide increased to levels of use of hydrogen peroxide was more than 3 percent.

TEST 2: Referring to Figures 5A to 5C, the ozone concentrated in the air (> 1,000 parts per million ozone to 99.6 percent pure oxygen) was directed to the rounded (upper) end of the fertilized eggs in a high pressure burst. The supply was made through a controlled supply, of an impact piston loaded with high speed spring (2 cubic centimeters at> 7.03 kilograms per square centimeter).

- - Results: Controls 440 80 84 6 Group No. 1 - °° C Coonnttrroolleess 427 93 • Group No. 2 4? 4 / i? 0 80 84. or J.U EXAMPLE 9: Same test as in Example 8, with the exception that distilled water and a 2.0 solution per potassium permanganate was used in the injector.

Results: Empollados No% of empo-% _de - Grooved fillet Increase Controls? 42 i7 9933 82.1 ^ Group No. 1 4-3 / Controls 44411 79 8g47. > 8? 2 > 7 Group No. 2 «= 3 Controls / 4n3n0 9 ^ 0 82.7 Q 2 8 Group No. 3 ?? ¿ Brooding increased to levels of potassium permanganate use was approximately 2.5 per hundred.

EXAMPLE 10, A Jamesway Model 1080 incubator was modified in accordance with Figure 6. Specifically, the incubator was reisolated with 38.10 millimeter R-90 insulation sheets and made air-tight by the addition of seals and silicone caulking along all open seams or escape points. Shock-absorbing dampers were fixed in the air inlet and outlet lines of the unit so that all ambient air inlet or outlet could be sealed by closing or opening the dampers. The output line of the condensed material was fixed to a positive displacement pump that automatically emptied the condensed material when the moisture increased from above 60 percent + 2 percent during the first eighteen days and 70 percent + 2 percent during the last three days of incubation. Oxygen, ozone, humidity, air pressure, carbon dioxide and temperature were monitored by test probes. Data acquisition was recorded every ten seconds and stored on an IBM-compatible computer. The automatic controllers were operated to compensate for humidity and temperature. Oxygen and ozone were monitored and physically increased or decreased by opening or closing an oxygen regulating valve and activating or deactivating the ultraviolet ozone generating module (2537 angstrom units). The CO2 accumulations were absorbed in an aligned shock cleaner that contains 10 percent KOH and water to limit the accumulation of CO2 to no more than 0.5 percent. The test used a thousand eggs as subjects and a thousand as controls. Both incubators were modified to the same specifications with the exception that the control incubator was fed from a two-horsepower compressor through an adjustable air regulator. The air intake from the compressor was first filtered through a charcoal and fiber filter. The CO2 was absorbed in the same way as in the oxygen / ozone incubator. Oxygen treatment and control incubators were graduated at a temperature of 37.5 ° + 2.8 ° C and relative humidity of 60 percent + 2 percent during the first eighteen days and relative humidity of 70 percent + 2 percent during the last three days. The change in gas transport per incubator was at a rate of approximately six liters per hour. The top mounted air discharge was adjusted to allow the intake of ambient air through the partially opened filtered air intake damper to achieve an average oxygen concentration of 39 percent in the oxygenated incubator with 0.21 gram of ozone per liter of oxygenated recirculated air. Carbon dioxide was controlled to a constant of <0.5 percent above the ambient levels through the tests. The pressure was adjusted by opening the air exhaust valve and the filtered ambient air cushion until an ambient pressure was achieved. The units were operated immediately after being charged for a period of twenty-eight hours. Immediately afterwards, the oxygen and ultraviolet ozonation unit and the air compressor were deactivated. The air intake dampers for both systems were opened and the air exhaust dampers were left in the closed position. The air exhaust valves were left open at approximately 10 percent. Eggs hatched on the 21st day from the start of incubation. The oxygen / ozone-treated eggs started to hatch approximately eight hours before the controls. Results: Brooding Not% of E po-% of Brooding Increase Controls 829 171 82.9 Group No. 1 862 138 86.2 4.0 Controls 841 159 84.1 Group No. 2 869 131 86.9 3.3 Controls 832 168 83.2 Group No. 3 858 142 85.8 3.1 EXAMPLE 11: The protocol of Example 10 was repeated with the exception that the air pressure of the oxygenated incubator was adjusted to from .352 to .422 kilogram per square centimeter gauge.

Results: Stained Not% of Empo-% of Empowerment of the fat Increase Controls 859 141 85.9 Group No. 1 888 112 88.8 3.4 Controls 867 133 86.7 Group No. 2 913 87 91.3 5.3 The chickens of Group 1 and Control 1 were grown separately for three weeks. The mortality in Group 1 was ten birds, a loss of 1.2 percent. In the control group was seventeen birds, a loss of 2 percent.

EXAMPLE 12: The protocol of Example 10 was repeated with the exception that the incubators were operated normally for forty-eight hours before starting the tests.

Results: Brooding Not% of mowing% of brooding Increase Controls 831 169 83.1 Group No. 1 858 142 85.8 3.2 Controls 800 200 80.0 Group No. 2 834 166 83.4 4.3 EXAMPLE 13 The following examples-illustrate the non-invasive addition of chemical substances other than oxygen and ozone through the egg shell without compromising the structural integrity of the shell. One thousand fertilized eggs were kept as controls and one thousand were treated according to the protocol of Example 1. A porous bandage with a diameter of 1.27 centimeters was saturated on the adsorption pad with 0.8 milliliter of distilled water and 0.3 milliliter of Marek's disease vaccine. Omaha Vaccine Company, was fixed to the rounded top (point of greatest porosity) of each one of the thousand eggs to be enriched in a forced way with oxygen / ozone. Two hundred and fifty control eggs and two hundred and fifty oxygen-treated and forcefully vaccinated eggs were destroyed after fourteen days and the embryos individually tested for positive and negative vaccine. The other five hundred hatched after twenty-one days of incubation initiation. Results: RESULTS OF THE VACCINATION PENETRATION IN THE EMBRYON Test 1 Positive Negative Controls 0 250 Treaty 247 3 Test 2 Positive Negative Controls 0 250 Treaty 249 1 RESULTS OF THE NECKWEAR Broods No% of Empo- of Brooding Increase Test 1 Controls 634 116 84.5 Treaty 659 91 87.9 4.0 Test 2 Controls 629 121 83.9 Treated 661 89 88.1 5.0 EXAMPLE 14 Example 13 was repeated using the Omaha Chic-N-Pox Vaccine.

Results: PENETRATION RESULTS OF THE EMBRYO VACCINE Test 1 Positive Negative Controls 0 250 Treated 250 0 Test 2 Positive Negative Controls 250 Treated 246 4 RESULTADOS DE EMPOLLADO Empollados No% of Empo% of Empollados lladura Increase Test 1 Controls 642 108 85.6 Treated 664 86 88.5 3, Test 2 Controls 634 116 84.5 Treated 665 85 88.7 5.

EXAMPLE 15: The Marek vaccine was introduced under the same conditions as in Example 6 and at the same dosages as in Example 13.

Results: RESULTS OF PENETRATION OF THE VACCINE IN THE EMBRYO Test Positive Negative Controls 0 250 Treaty 225 25 RESULTS OF THE BUNNY Grown Not of Empo-% of Grooved calf Increase Test 1 Controls 213 37 85.2 Treaty 220 30 88.0 3.2 The results cited above clearly demonstrate the feasibility of obtaining effective vaccines through the pores of the fertile egg without sustaining losses incurred during the traditional invasive vaccinations of hatched chickens. The advantages of the shell vaccine are further enhanced when combined with the forced improvement of oxygen methods. Almost any form of vaccine suitable for chickens can be achieved by the methods discussed in the present invention.

EXAMPLE 16: Growth promoters including antibiotics and micronutrients are also effectively transported non-invasively through the hull without compromising the structural integrity of the hull thus influencing favorably the hatching regime, early chick survival and feed conversions. increased. Galimycin was introduced under the same conditions as in Example 6, using the same dosages as in Example 13.

Results: RESULTS OF VACCINATION PENETRATION IN THE EMBRYO Positive Negative Controls 0 250 Treaty 225 25 BOLTED RESULTS Grown Not% of Empo% of Grooved fillet Increase Controls 215 37 85.2 Treated 220 30 88.0 3.2 Chlortetracycline, bacitracin, virginiamycin, bambermycin, and lincomycin were all tested in twenty-five eggs by the procedure cited above. It was found that all of them had penetrated the egg to the surface of the shell membrane.

EXAMPLE 17: Referring to Figures 7A to 7H, a suction cup apparatus that engages in the shell preferably at the point where most of the pores are located (the upper part of the egg above the air bag) can be used to applying any or all of the aforementioned voids or pressures in order to non-invasively transfer oxygen, ozone and / or other chemical substances through the shell. Two fluid lines communicate separately with the cup of the cup apparatus as shown in Figures 7A to 7H. Figure 7A shows the cup apparatus before engagement with the surface of the shell. Figure 7B shows the apparatus immediately after coupling the surface applying a negative pressure. Figure 7C shows the air sac of the egg that is emptied by negative pressure through a line of the cup. Figure 7D shows the empty air bag and the cup being pressurized more tightly to supply the positive pressure fluid treatment beginning in Figure 7E. Figure 7F shows the air bag filled with the treatment agent until it is filled in Figure 7G, after which the added pressure is released and the egg is decoupled in Figure 7H.

The aforementioned arrangement is similar to the egg transfer machines currently used which, by means of suction against the egg, can be used to lift and transport the eggs from one place to another. These machines can be modified to carry out different treatments through the core of the coupling device which in this case is shown as a suction cup apparatus with a barely central chamber to allow fluid transfers between the cup and the egg. The input and output lines communicate through the center of the cup with connection and disconnection valves that can be operated independently. The cup apparatus for egg coupling is convenient, but any comparable coupling device that does not damage the egg or break the egg shell will be sufficient and also any of the input / output lines, whether one or more is used, may be used. be used. Using the aforementioned apparatus, the egg can be coupled by a contact device and applied at the same pressure. If the pressure is negative, the air bag will empty until it conforms to the inside of the egg shell. After emptying the air bag, treatment agents such as oxygen and / or ozone, antibiotics, growth promoters, hormones, micronutrients and vaccines can be introduced under a neutral or positive pressure. If a positive pressure is applied, such as a fluid stream, then the apparatus can be held against the egg to allow positive pressure to accumulate and force the treatment agents through the pores. This action can be continued until the air bag has been replenished with the desired treatment agent. The treatment may be limited to negative pressure, ambient compression, positive pressure or combinations thereof. For example, Examples 1, 3, 6, 7 and 8, with treatment agents selected from any or all of those described in the foregoing examples, may be employed with the aforementioned apparatus. An advantage of the present invention is that the egg can be handled while it is being processed in order to see the condition of the air bag. This resulted in the ability to cut the process times of Example 1 in the following manner: the vacuum cycle of 723.9 millimeters of mercury was carried out until the air bag formed into the interior of the egg shell approximately for 25 seconds and the retention time at 723.9 millimeters of mercury of about 40 seconds was then used; the release of vacuum with oxygen and / or ozone (time to neutral pressure) was approximately 15 seconds; the pressure was increased to 2.25 kilograms per square centimeter for approximately 45 seconds until the air bag had returned to at least its original size; and the release of the pressure, at ambient pressure, was approximately 15 seconds. The total time of the protocol of Example 1 was reduced to approximately two hours and twenty minutes.

Results: BUNNY Test 1 Empollados No de Empo-% of Grooves fillet Increase Controls 1 85 15 85.0 Group No. 1 90 10 90.0 5.9 Controls 8.3 17 83.0 Group No. 2 88 12 88.0 6.0 Controls 85 15 85.0 Group No. 3 87 13 87.0 2.4 Controls 84 16 84.0 Group No. 4 88 12 88.0 4.8 EXAMPLE 18 Fifteen eggs each was treated by the method of Example 17, whereby the different chemical substances were infused non-invasively through the egg shell. Results: Amount With Positive Negative Amount Amount __2L __ \ 3 injected * Recovers Strep probiotic mixture. lactis Desconoy Strep. faecalis 12 5 100 cida CuCl2 15 0 15 8.00 KI2 15 0 1 0.65 KMn04 15 0 90 60.00 FeS0 15 0 100 70.00 ZnCl2 15 0 80 40.00 Mo 14 0 1 0.80 Biotin 15 0 0 0.20 Hill 10 5 l, 000 500.00 Folic acid 14? 5 0.60 Niacin 12 3 30 12.00 Pantothenic acid 15 0 10 6.00 Riboflavin 11 4 5 2.00 Thiamine 10 5 3 1.00 B-6 14 1 3 1.00 B-12 (cobalamin) 15 0 1 0.08 * The amounts are in milligrams Although the specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in some detail in the foregoing, changes and modifications may be made to the illustrated embodiments without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Claims (57)

N O V E D A L D I N V E N C I N Having described the invention, it is considered as a novelty and, therefore, the content of the following CLAIMS is claimed as property:

1. A method for non-invasively infusing an egg fertilized with oxygen in such a way that the structural integrity of the egg shell is not compromised, the method comprises the step of subjecting the outer surface of the egg shell to oxygen under a condition of minus a vacuum and positive pressure.

The method according to claim 1, wherein the oxygen is of a substance selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nascent oxygen, liquid oxygen, oxone, ozone, hydrogen peroxide and potassium permanganate.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein essentially the entire outer surface of the egg shell is subjected to the condition of at least one vacuum and one positive pressure.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein only a portion of the outer surface of the egg shell is subjected to the condition of at least one vacuum and positive pressure.

The method according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the antibiotics, growth hormones, sex hormones, vaccines, vitamins and nutrients are also non-invasively infused into the fertilized egg.

6. A fertilized egg infused with oxygen oxygen according to the method of claim 1.

7. A fertilized egg according to claim 6, characterized in that it has a higher hatching percentage than an untreated fertilized egg.

8. A bird of a fertilized egg infused non-invasively with oxygen according to the method of claim 1.

9. The bird according to claim 8, characterized in that it has a lower mortality rate than a bird in a fertilized egg. not treated.

10. The bird according to claim 8, characterized in that it has a higher feed conversion than a bird in an untreated fertilized egg.

11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the fertilized egg is subjected only to positive pressure.

12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the fertilized egg is subjected only to vacuum.

The method according to claim 1, wherein the fertilized egg is subjected to a predetermined vacuum for a predetermined retention time and then returned to ambient pressure.

The method according to claim 13, wherein the vacuum is between about 50.80 millimeters of mercury and about 760.73 millimeters of mercury and the retention time is between about one second and about ten minutes.

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the vacuum is approximately 711.20 millimeters of mercury and the retention time is approximately ninety seconds.

The method according to claim 1, wherein the fertilized egg is subjected to a predetermined positive pressure for a predetermined retention time, is subjected to a predetermined vacuum for a predetermined retention time and then returned to the pressure environment, the positive pressure being applied either before or after the application of the vacuum.

The method according to claim 16, wherein the vacuum is between about 50.80 millimeters of mercury and about 760.73 millimeters of mercury, the vacuum retention time is between about one second and about ten minutes, the pressure is between about .141 kilogram per square centimeter and approximately 2.25 kilograms per square centimeter, and the retention time under pressure is between about one second and about 10 minutes.

18. The method according to claim 17, where the vacuum is about 711.20 millimeters of mercury, the vacuum retention time is about ninety seconds, the pressure is about .98 kilogram per square centimeter and the retention time under pressure is about two minutes.

The method according to claim 1, wherein the fertilized egg is subjected to a predetermined positive pressure during a predetermined retention time and then returned to the ambient pressure t.

The method according to claim 19, wherein the pressure is between about .141 kilogram per square centimeter and about 2.25 kilograms per square centimeter and the retention time is between about one second and about ten minutes.

The method according to claim 20, wherein the pressure is about .98 kilogram per square centimeter and the retention time is about ninety seconds.

22. A method for non-invasively infusing an egg fertilized with oxygen in such a way that the structural integrity of the egg shell is not compromised, the method comprising the steps of: subjecting the outer surface of the egg shell to oxygen under a condition default vacuum during a predetermined hold time; and return the outer surface of the egg shell to ambient pressure.

The method according to claim 22, wherein the oxygen is of a substance selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nascent oxygen, liquid oxygen, oxone, ozone, hydrogen peroxide and potassium permanganate.

The method according to claim 22, wherein essentially the entire outer surface of the egg shell is subjected to a condition of at least one vacuum and one positive pressure.

25. The method according to claim 22, wherein only a portion of the outer surface of the egg shell is subjected to the condition of at least one vacuum and one positive pressure.

The method according to claim 22, wherein at least one of the antibiotics, growth hormones, sex hormones, vaccines, vitamins and nutrients are also non-invasively infused into the fertilized egg.

27. A fertilized egg infused non-invasively with oxygen according to the method of claim 22.

28. The fertilized egg according to claim 27, characterized in that it has a higher hatching percentage than a untreated fertilized egg.

29. A bird of a fertilized egg infused non-invasively with oxygen according to the method of claim 22.

30. The bird of claim 29, characterized in that it has a lower mortality rate than a bird in an untreated fertilized egg.

31. The bird in accordance with the 29th re-characterization, characterized in that it has a higher feed conversion than a bird in a fertilized egg not treated.

32. The method according to claim 22, wherein the vacuum is between about 50.80 millimeters of mercury and about 723.9 millimeters of mercury and the retention time is between about one second and about ten minutes.

33. The method according to claim 32, wherein the vacuum is approximately 711.20 millimeters of mercury and the retention time is approximately ninety seconds.

34. A method for non-invasively infusing an egg fertilized with oxygen in such a way that the structural integrity of the egg shell is not compromised, the method comprising the steps of: subjecting the outer surface of the egg shell to oxygen under a condition of predetermined positive pressure during a predetermined retention time; and return the outer surface of the egg shell to ambient pressure.

35. The method according to claim 34, wherein the oxygen is of a substance that is selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nascent oxygen, liquid oxygen, oxone, ozone, hydrogen peroxide and potassium permanganate.

36. The method according to claim 34, wherein essentially the entire external surface of the egg shell is subjected to the condition of at least one vacuum and one positive pressure.

37. The method according to claim 34, wherein only a portion of the external surface of the egg shell is subjected to the condition of at least one vacuum and one positive pressure.

38. The method according to claim 34, wherein at least one of the antibiotics, growth hormones, sex hormones, vaccines, vitamins and nutrients are also non-invasively infused into the fertilized egg.

39. A fertilized egg infused non-invasively with oxygen according to the method of claim 34.

40. The fertilized egg according to claim 39, characterized in that it has a higher hatching percentage than a untreated fertilized egg.

41. A bird of a fertilized egg infused non-invasively with oxygen according to the method of claim 34.

42. The bird according to claim 41, characterized because it has a lower mortality rate than a bird of a fertilized egg not treated.

43. The bird according to claim 41, characterized in that it has a higher feed conversion than a bird in an untreated fertilized egg.

44. The method according to claim 34, wherein the pressure is between about .141 kilogram per square centimeter and about 2.25 kilograms per square centimeter, the retention time is between about one second and about ten minutes.

45. The method according to claim 44, wherein the pressure is about .98 kilogram per square centimeter and the retention time is about ninety seconds.

46. A method for non-invasively infusing an egg egg fertilized with oxygen in such a way that the structural integrity of the egg shell is not compromised, the method comprising the steps of: first subjecting the outer surface of the egg shell to a vacuum of about 723.9 millimeters of mercury to about 756.92 millimeters of mercury over a period of time from about forty seconds to about ten minutes; and then subjecting the outer surface of the egg shell to oxygen at least at ambient pressure whereby the hatching rate of the fertilized egg infused with oxygen is greater than that of a fertilized egg not so infused with oxygen; wherein the oxygen is a source or source that is selected from the group consisting of pressurized oxygen and compressed air.

47. The method accor to claim 46, wherein the entire outer surface of the egg shell is subjected to vacuum.

48. The method accor to claim 46, wherein only a portion of the outer surface of the egg shell is subjected to vacuum.

49. A method to non-invasively infuse an avian egg fertilized with oxygen in such a way that the structural integrity of the egg shell is not compromised; the method comprises the steps of: first subjecting the outer surface of the egg shell to a vacuum of about 723.9 millimeters of mercury to about 756.9 millimeters of mercury over a period of time from about forty seconds to about ten minutes; and then subjecting the outer surface of the egg shell to oxygen pressurized from a pressure source or pressure having a pressure greater than the ambient pressure, the pressure being from about 352 kilogram per square centimeter to about 2.25 kilogram per square centimeter during a period of time from about forty-five seconds to about twenty-eight hours, whereby the rate of brooding of the egg infused with oxygen is greater than that of a fertilized egg not infused with oxygen; wherein the oxygen is from a source or source that is selected from the group consisting of pressurized oxygen and compressed air.

50. The method according to claim 49, wherein the entire external surface of the egg shell is subjected to vacuum.

51. The method according to claim 49, wherein only a portion of the outer surface of the egg shell is subjected to vacuum.

52. A method of non-invasively infusing an egg fertilized with oxygen in such a way that the structural integrity of the egg shell is not compromised, the method comprises the steps of: first submitting the external surface of the egg shell to a vacuum from about 723.9 millimeters of mercury to about 756.9 millimeters of mercury over a period of time from about forty seconds to about ten minutes; and then subjecting the outer surface of the egg shell to pressurized oxygen from a pressure source having a pressure greater than the ambient pressure, the pressure being from about 352 kilogram per square centimeter to about 2.25 kilogram per square centimeter over a period of about forty-five seconds to about twenty-eight hours; wherein the oxygen is from a source that is selected from the group consisting of pressurized oxygen and compressed air.

53. The method according to claim 52, wherein the entire outer surface of the egg shell is subjected to vacuum.

54. The method according to claim 52, wherein only a portion of the outer surface of the egg shell is subjected to vacuum.

55. A method for non-invasively infusing an egg fertilized with a mixture of oxygen and ozone in such a way that the structural integrity of the egg shell is not compromised, the method comprises the steps of: first submitting the outer surface of the egg shell to egg at a vacuum of about 723.9 millimeters of mercury to about 756.9 millimeters of mercury over a period of time from about five minutes to about ten minutes; and then subjecting the outer surface of the egg shell to a pressurized mixture of oxygen and ozone at a rate of 0.5 to 4.5 grams per cubic meter of oxygen having a pressure of about 1.97 kilograms per square centimeter at about 2.25 kilograms per square centimeter for a period of time from about ten minutes to about twenty-eight hours whereby the regimen of brooding the fertilized egg infused with oxygen is greater than that of a fertilized egg not infused with oxygen.

56. The method according to claim 55, wherein the entire external surface of the egg shell is subjected to vacuum.

57. The method according to claim 55, wherein only a portion of the outer surface of the egg shell is subjected to vacuum. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A method for non-invasively infusing an egg fertilized with oxygen in such a way that the structural integrity of the egg shell is not compromised, the method comprises the step of subjecting the outer surface of the egg shell to oxygen under a condition of at least a vacuum and a positive presidency. In testimony of which, I have signed the previous description and novelty of the invention as attorney-in-fact of JAMES P. COX AND ROBERT COX, in Mexico City, District Federal, today February 2, 1996. p.p.de JAMES P. COX and