MXPA94009508A - Method for producing high-grade nickel matte from at least partly pyrometallurgically refined nickel-bearing raw materials - Google Patents
Method for producing high-grade nickel matte from at least partly pyrometallurgically refined nickel-bearing raw materialsInfo
- Publication number
- MXPA94009508A MXPA94009508A MXPA/A/1994/009508A MX9409508A MXPA94009508A MX PA94009508 A MXPA94009508 A MX PA94009508A MX 9409508 A MX9409508 A MX 9409508A MX PA94009508 A MXPA94009508 A MX PA94009508A
- Authority
- MX
- Mexico
- Prior art keywords
- nickel
- furnace
- matte
- fed
- slag
- Prior art date
Links
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 186
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- WWNBZGLDODTKEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenenickel Chemical compound [Ni]=S WWNBZGLDODTKEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 26
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 7
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 6
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009854 hydrometallurgy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 240000003598 Fraxinus ornus Species 0.000 description 1
- RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-1-ylmethanolate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C[O-])=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003830 anthracite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 dross or bulk ore Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000460 iron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for producing high-grade nickel matte and slag in a combination of a suspension smelting furnace and some other furnace without charge-type converting, so that at least part of the concentrate and/or ore fed into the process is first refined pyrometallurgically into nickel matte, which then is fed into the suspension smelting furnace, where the high-grade nickel matte proper is produced.
Description
METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HIGH-GRADE NICKEL MATA FROM RAW MATERIALS CONTAINING NICKEL, WHEN LESS PARTIALLY REFINED IN A PYROMETALURGICAL FORM
The present invention relates to a method for producing high grade nickel slag and matte in a combination of a suspension melter furnace and some other pyrometallurgical furnace, without a separate conversion of type per load, so that at least part of the concentrate and / or ore fed into the process is first refined pyrometallurgically in nickel matte, which is then fed to a suspension melter furnace, where the proper matte of high grade nickel is produced.
The direct pyrometallurgical production of metallic nickel is not advantageous due, among other factors, to the high melting temperature of the metallic nickel, and thus to the high temperature of the process that should be required. Therefore, the production of nickel from sulphurous raw materials is based at least on two stages where the first one produces high grade nickel matte, which is subsequently hydrometallurgically processed into metallic nickel.
Conventionally, the high grade nickel matte can be produced from raw sulfur materials by roasting the sulphurous feed in at least a part, for example, in a fluidized bed reactor, and by melting the roast obtained in a electric oven towards nickel matte. The raw sulphurous material can also be fed into the electric oven without toasting. From the electric furnace, the obtained nickel matte is subsequently converted, for example, into a Pierce-Smith type converter in high-grade nickel matte, which is further processed hydrometallurgically in metallic nickel. A disadvantage of this method is the enormous amount of gases formed in the process step, gases containing sulfur compounds released in different stages of the process, which must be cleaned before unloading them in the open in order to avoid sulfur emissions . Due to the low sulfur content and the large volume of the gases, their processing to, for example, sulfuric acid requires significant investments in a gas processing plant, for example, an acid plant. f In the method based on conventional suspension fusion technology, the high-grade nickel matte is made from sulfur concentrates by melting dry nickel concentrate in a melting suspension furnace to nickel matte, which is subsequently converted into high-grade nickel matte in, for example, a Pierce-Smith type converter. The slags produced in both the melter suspension furnace and the Pierce-Smith converter are cleaned in an electric furnace, and the mat containing nickel is returned to the converter as a feed. One weakness of the method is the conversion stage of type per load; the volume of the gas flow and the sulfur dioxide content that comes from the conversion stage varies, and therefore the capacity of the acid plant required to treat the gases must be markedly larger than when the gases that are treated are treated. they are produced at a normal speed as a function of time.
The method described above and based on the suspension fusion is further developed in the methods specified in the Finnish patent applications no. 890395 and 922843. According to these methods, a high grade nickel matte which is suitable for a hydrometallurgical nickel process and which has a low iron content is produced directly in a suspension melter furnace without a separate conversion step, so that the sulfur dioxide released in the melt is conducted to the acid plant as a uniform gas stream with a high content of sulfur dioxide. Due to the high degree of oxidation, the slag formed in the suspension melter furnace has a high nickel content, because the slag is processed separately in an electric furnace in order to recover the nickel as a metallized matte. According to one method, the metallized mat is at least partially returned to the melter-suspension furnace in either molten or solid form, and according to the other method, the mat is directly processed in a metallic nickel hydrometallurgical process.
In the method introduced in the Finnish patent application 922843, the metallized mat produced in an electric furnace still contains essentially more iron than the high grade nickel matte produced in a slurry melting furnace, that is, a fast melting furnace. Therefore, the hydrometallurgical treatment of metallized nickel matte produced in an electric furnace should, at least at the beginning of the process, be carried out separately from the high melt nickel matte treatment produced in fast melting.
Methods of conformance with the previously described Finnish patent applications no. 890395 and 922843 are very suitable for sulfur concentrates made from certain types of nickel ores. However, the range of applicability of said methods is limited with respect to, for example, the iron oxide / magnesia content of the concentrate, so that a concentrate with a low Fe / MgO ratio is not suitable, at least totally , to be treated by said methods, because the slag formed in the fusion would not have adequate properties. By using the method of the present invention, the selection of suitable raw materials for suspension melting can be expanded, so that also concentrates with a low Fe / MgO ratio can be treated in an electric, suspension melting furnace process. in high grade nickel matte. In substitution of an electric furnace, it is possible, when necessary, to use some other pyrometallurgical furnace, such as a second suspension melter furnace. In f the method of the invention, all of the nickel is recovered essentially from the high-grade nickel matte produced in a fast melting furnace, and this also simplifies the hydrometallurgical step following the pyrometallurgical treatment in comparison with the method described above, due to that separate stages are no longer required to treat metallized nickel matte.
When applying the high-grade nickel matte production method of the present invention to any new or existing production plant, similar advantages have been achieved with respect to the process and equipment as in the methods of the Finnish patent applications 890395 and 922843 without essentially expanding the equipment required for the treatment of process gases. At the same time, the pyro-metallurgical production of high-grade nickel matte with a high total nickel production is made possible also from such raw materials, which, at least partially, could previously only be treated in a separate hydrometallurgical process, or which must have been treated by methods with a higher energy consumption than that of the method of the present invention, and wherein the quantities of gases formed have required a sulfuric acid plant with a remarkably higher capacity with the object to clean the gases. Other
? S? advantage of the method of the invention is that the process produces only a high grade nickel matte quality that goes to the hydrometallurgical process, in which case only a hydrometallurgical processing system is required for further processing of the metal matte , without separate extraction stages for the different and different raw materials of nickel. The essential novel features of the invention are clear from the appended claims.
• The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the attached schematic drawing, which illustrates an application of the method of the invention.
An apparatus for performing the method of the invention advantageously comprises a fast melting furnace I and an electric furnace III. The most essential parts of the fast melting furnace are a concentrate burner, a reaction well Ib, a settler and an ingestion well Id. A gas cooler II is connected to the inlet well. In addition to this, the apparatus includes a melting granulation unit IV for at least part of the mat, and a crushing unit V.
In the method of the invention, the nickel sulphide concentrate is refined pyrometallurgically, for example, in the electric furnace III. Instead of the electric furnace, some other suitable pyrometallurgical furnace can be used, for example a second fast melting furnace. The concentrate is fed into the electric furnace either as spheres or as dust. For pyrometallurgical refining, some other concentrate containing nickel, metallurgical slag possessing nickel or other advantageously crude materials of granular nickel, such as dross or bulk ore, may also be fed into the electric furnace. some reducer 3, for example coke, is fed into the electric furnace, as well as a flow 4 in order to adjust the properties of the slag. In addition to this, the slag 11 from the fast melting furnace for recovering precious metals is advantageously treated in the same electric furnace.
The molten concentrate in the electric furnace process and the valuable slag metals form on the bottom of the furnace the P nickel mat 9, which has a higher iron content than the high grade nickel matte. The valuable metal content of the slag 10 formed in the electric furnace is so low that it does not require further processing, but can be destroyed. The small amount of powder formed in the electric furnace is separately filtered from the gases of the electric furnace, which are attached to the gas flow coming from the fast melting furnace (not illustrated in the drawings). The mixture of combined gases has an adequate content of sulfur dioxide to produce sulfuric acid. The powders coming from the electric furnace are returned to the power supply of the electric furnace, or fed together with the powders 8 of the smoke gun of the fast melting furnace towards the fast melting furnace.
The metallized nickel mat 9 formed in the electric furnace is granulated. Part of the metallized nickel matte can also be fed into the fast melting furnace in molten form. In order to achieve an adequate grain size distribution for rapid melting, the finely divided nickel matte from the granulation is crushed, when necessary, either partially or completely and dried before being fed into the fast melting furnace.
To adjust the quality of the slag, flow 4, such as silicates, is fed into the fast melting furnace. Air enriched with oxygen 5 and a required amount of additional fuel 6 are also fed. The extra fuel used can be solid fuel (for example coke or anthracite) and liquid fuel (for example oil) or gaseous fuel (for example natural gas). In order to adjust the quality of the high-grade nickel matte formed in the fast melting furnace, other raw materials possessing nickel apart from the metallized mat may also be fed, if necessary, as part of the concentrate. to be processed or some other concentrate Ib, and several different precipitates 7 containing nickel that come from a hydrometallurgical nickel process. Also the powders 8 formed in the rapid melting process are fed back into the rapid melt. In the settler, a small amount of fuel 6 required by the thermal balance of the settler is burned.
The materials to be processed are fed into the fast melting furnace either through the concentrate burner, or part can be conducted directly to the settler. In the reaction well Ib of the fast melting furnace, the fed materials react with each other, so that part of the sulfur reacts with the oxygen in the air enriched with oxygen to form sulfur dioxide. As a result of these reactions, due to the thermal energy released and the burning of the extra fuel, the solid materials melt mainly in the reaction well Ib. The molten particles are separated from the gas flow in the sedimentator and form a melt on the lower part thereof. The chemical reactions between the different fed materials continue partially in the molten phase, and of the molten phase are separated into two phases with different Wf specific weights, so that on the lower part of the molten bath a layer of high-grade nickel matte 12 is formed, and the uppermost layer of the molten bath is formed of highly oxidized slag, which mainly contains the iron that was present in the nickel matte.
The gases from the fast melting furnace are cooled in the gas cooler II, and the powder 8 of the fume barrel obtained together with the gases is recovered; this dust 8 of the smoke gun is then returned to the feed. The cooled gases are additionally conducted within the gas processing in order to recover sulfur dioxide. High-grade 12 nickel matte 12 derived from the fast melting furnace goes to the hydrometallurgical treatment in order to produce metallic nickel. The slag 11 of the fast melting furnace is treated in the electric furnace in the manner described above to recover valuable metals. If the pyrometallurgical furnace used in the first stage was for example another fast melting furnace instead of an electric furnace, the slag obtained from the fast melting furnace that was used to produce high-grade nickel matte is, however, brought to a treatment separated in pyrometallurgical furnace, for example, to an electric furnace. Advantageously this treatment is developed jointly with the slag used in the production of nickel matte and that comes from the fast melting furnace.
The method of the invention is further illustrated by way of the following examples.
Example 1 The nickel concentrate R1 is treated together with bulk slag and ore from a fast melting furnace, used in the production of high grade nickel matte. Their compositions are: Ni S Fe MgO% by weight% in P-% in P-% in P- Concentrate Rl 5.8 16.3 25.4 14.6 Slag 2.2 0.3 40.0 4.0 Mena in mass 2.4 23.5 40.5 2.7
The slag is fed in an amount of 1.42 t and the mass ore in an amount of 0.6 t per ton of nickel concentrate Rl. Moreover, o.3 t of high grade nickel matte reuse is fed per tonne of nickel concentrate, a required amount of flow and recirculation powder from the electric furnace. From the electric furnace, waste scrap with a low content of valuable metal and nickel matte is obtained with the following contents: Ni S Fe MgO% by weight% in p. % in P. % in p # Slag 0.12 0.8 25.5 9.05 Nickel kill 11.9 27.3 47.6
The amount of nickel matte produced is 0.96 t per tonne of nickel Rl concentrate.
The nickel matte produced in an electric furnace is melted in a
Jfl fast melting furnace together with the nickel concentrates Rl and R2. The contents of the concentrate R2 are provided below, the contents of R1 are the above. Ni S Fe MgO% by weight% in p. % in P. % in P. Concentrate of 4.7 18.1 27.5 11.4 R2 nickel
The amount of concentrate Rl is 0.12 t and the amount of concentrate R2 is 0.23 t per ton of nickel matte. In addition to this, a required amount of silicate flow, a small amount of recirculated powder from the flue gas is fed. The extra fuel required and the air, with an oxygen enrichment of 85%. The amount formed of slag per tonne of nickel matte is 1.48 t, and its composition is as follows: Ni S Fe MgO% by weight% in p. % in P. % in P. Oven slag 2.2 0.3 40.0 4.0 fast melter
The total amount of slag is treated in the electric furnace in the manner described above.
Due to the high degree of oxygen enrichment, the content of the sulfur dioxide of the gas formed is high, approximately 35% ÉM. of S02. The gas coming from the electric furnace is mixed with the gas coming from the fast melting furnace. The sulfur dioxide content of the gas obtained is still sufficiently high for the production of sulfuric acid from the gas. The product obtained from the fast melting furnace is a high-grade nickel matte with an amount of 0.23 t per tonne supplied from nickel matte, which means that approximately 72% of the nickel fed into the fast melting furnace is recovered directly into the matte of high grade nickel. In the case described above, the total nickel produced is 96.6%. The composition of the high-grade nickel matte is provided below.
Ni Fe% by weight% by weight Mata de nickel by 45.9 3.7 high grade
It is noted that said result is obtained at a lower temperature and with fewer processing steps than with the methods of the prior art.
Claims (15)
- PATENT CLAIMS 1. A method for the production of high grade nickel matte without type conversion per load, characterized in that the method comprises the following stages: a) when at least part of the nickel sulphide concentrate to be processed is refined in a pyrometallurgical furnace (III) in conjunction with nickel matte flow, which b) is subsequently fed together with flow, flue gas powder, additional fuel and air enriched with oxygen in a suspension melter furnace, that is, a fast melting furnace (I), c) in the fast melting furnace, high-grade nickel slag and matte is formed, d) the high-grade nickel matte is conducted to hydrometallurgical treatment, and e) the slag formed in the melting furnace Fast (I) is processed in a pyrometallurgical furnace in order to recover valuable metals.
- 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the pyrometallurgical furnace in an electric furnace (III).
- 3. A method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the nickel sulphide concentrate is refined in an electric furnace (III) together with the slag obtained from the fast melting furnace.
- 4. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the pyrometallurgical furnace for producing nickel matte is another fast melting furnace.
- 5. A method according to claim 4, characterized in that the slags obtained from the fast melting furnaces are treated in a pyrometallurgical furnace.
- 6. A method according to claim 5, characterized in that the pyrometallurgical furnace in an electric furnace.
- 7. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the nickel sulphide concentrate is refined in a pyrometallurgical furnace together with another crude material having nickel.
- 8. A method according to claim 7, characterized in that the crude material having nickel is a concentrate.
- 9. A method according to claim 7, characterized in that the crude material having nickel is a mass ore.
- 10. A method according to claim 7, characterized in that the raw material having nickel is a reverse.
- 11. A method according to claim 7, characterized in that the crude material having nickel is a metallurgical slag.
- 12. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that some of the nickel sulphide concentrate is also fed into the fast melting furnace (I).
- 13. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that some raw material having nickel is also fed into the fast melting furnace (I).
- 14. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that some slag having nickel is also fed into the fast melting furnace (I).
- 15. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the concentrate fed into the pyrometallurgical furnace (III) is in the form of spheres. (57) EXTRACT The invention relates to a method for the production of high grade nickel slag and matte in a combination of a suspension melter furnace and some other furnaces without type conversion per load, so that at least part of the The concentrate and / or ore fed to the process is first refined pyrometallurgically in nickel matte, which is then fed into the suspension melter furnace, where properly high grade nickel matte is produced. #
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FI935539 | 1993-12-10 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| MXPA94009508A true MXPA94009508A (en) | 2002-03-26 |
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