MXPA06013548A - 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pentanone compositions comprising a hydrofluorocarbon and uses thereof. - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed herein are refrigerant and heat transfer fluid compositions comprising 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pentanone and at least one hydrofluorocarbon for use in refrigeration and air conditioning systems employing a centrifugal compressor. The compositions may be azeotropic or near-azeotropic.

Description

COMPOSITIONS OF 1, 1, 1,2, 2, 4, 5, 5, 5-NONAFLUORO-4- (TRIFLUOROMETID-3-PENTANONE COMPRISING A UOROCARBIDE HIDROF AND USES THEREOF) Field of the Invention The present invention relates to compositions for use in refrigeration and air conditioning systems comprising at least one hydrofluorocarbon and 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4 - (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone (PEIK). In addition, the present invention relates to compositions for use in refrigeration and air conditioning systems using a centrifugal compressor comprising at least one hydrofluorocarbon and 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5, 5- nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone. The compositions of the present invention may be azeotropic or near azeotropic and are useful in processes for producing refrigeration or heat as heat transfer fluids. Background of the Invention The refrigeration industry has been working in recent decades to find substitute refrigerants for chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) that destroy the ozone layer which are being eliminated as a result of the Montreal Protocol. The solution for most of the REF: 179318 refrigerant producers has been the commercialization of hirofluorocarbon refrigerants (HFC). The new refrigerants of HFC, HFC-124a are the most widely used at this time, have a zero potential for destruction of the ozone layer and therefore are not affected by the current regulatory elimination as a result of the Montreal Protocol. Additional environmental regulations can eventually result in the global elimination of certain HFC refrigerants as well. Currently, the automobile industry faces regulations regarding the global warming potential for refrigerants used in mobile air conditioning. Therefore, there is a great current need to identify new refrigerants with reduced overall harmful potential for the automotive air conditioning market. Since regulations will be applied more generally in the future, an even greater need is generated by refrigerants that can be used in all areas of the refrigeration and air conditioning industries. Substitution refrigerants currently proposed for HFC-134a include HFC-152a, pure hydrocarbons such as butane or propane, or "natural" refrigerants such as C02 or ammonia. Many of these suggested substitutions are toxic, flammable or have very low energy efficiency. Therefore, new alternatives are constantly being sought. The aim of the present invention is to provide novel refrigerant compositions and heat transfer fluids that provide unique characteristics that meet the demands of a lower ozone depletion potential and a lower global warming potential, which are very low or near zero , compared to current refrigerants. Summary of the Invention The present invention relates to compositions comprising: 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1, 1, 3 -trifluoropropane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,3-difluoropropane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,1-difluorobutane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,2-difluorobutane, • 1,1,1,2,2,4,5 , 5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,3-difluorobutane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,4-difluorobutane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,3-difluoro-2-methylpropane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,2-difluoro-2-methylpropane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 2,3-difluorobutane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,1,1-trifluoropentane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,1-trifluoro-3-methylbutane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,1-difluoropentane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,2-difluoropentane, • 1,1,1,2,2,4,5 , 5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 2, 2-difluoropentane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,5- decafluoropentane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,1,1-trifluorohexane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,1,2,2-tetrafluorocyclobutane; and The present invention further relates to the compositions included in the above list specifically for use in refrigeration or air conditioning systems using a centrifugal compressor. The present invention is further related to the compositions included in the above list specifically for use in refrigeration or air conditioning systems using a multi-stage or two-stage centrifugal compressor. The present invention is further related to the compositions listed above specifically for use in refrigeration or air conditioning systems utilizing a single pass / single plate heat exchanger. The present invention is further related to azeotropic or near azeotropic refrigerant compositions. These compositions are useful in refrigeration or air conditioning systems. The compositions are also useful in refrigeration or air conditioning systems utilizing a centrifugal compressor. The present invention is further related to methods for producing cooling, heat and heat transfer from a heat source to a heat sink using the current inventive compositions.

Detailed Description of the Invention Applicants specifically incorporate all of the contents of all the references mentioned in this description. Further, when an amount, concentration or other value or parameter is provided as either a range, a preferred range or a list of higher preferred values and lower preferable values, it is to be understood that all ranges formed from any pair of the upper range limit or preferred value or any lower interval limit or preferred value, regardless of whether the ranges are described separately. When a range of numerical values is mentioned herein, unless otherwise indicated, the range is intended to include the endpoints thereof and all integers and fractions within the range. It is not intended that the scope of the invention be limited to specific values mentioned when defining a range. The refrigerant compositions of the present invention comprise 1,1,1,2,2,5,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone (PEIK) and a hydrofluorocarbon (HFC). The compositions of the present invention may comprise mixtures of more than one HFC, wherein these mixtures are then combined with 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3 -pentanone (PEIK). The hydrofluorocarbons of the present invention comprise compounds containing hydrogen, fluorine and carbon. These hydrofluorocarbons can be represented by the formula CxH2x + 2-yFy or CxH2x-yFy. In the formulas, x can be equal to 3 to 8 e and can be equal to 1-17. The hydrofluorocarbons may be straight chain, branched chain or cyclic; saturated or unsaturated compounds having from about 3 to 8 carbon atoms. Table 1 includes representative hydrofluorocarbons. TABLE 1 The compounds that are included in Table 1 are commercially available or can be prepared by methods known in the prior art. 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone (PEIK) is available from 3 ^ (St. Paul, Minnesota). The compositions of the present invention have a low or no ozone depletion potential and a low global warming potential. For example, lightly fluorinated hydrofluorocarbons and PEIK, alone or in mixtures, will have lower global warming potentials than many HFC refrigerants currently in use. The compositions of the present invention can be prepared by any convenient method to combine the desired amounts of the individual components. A preferred method is to weigh the desired component amounts and then combine the components in an appropriate container. If desired, agitation can be used. The refrigerant compositions of the present invention include the following: 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,1,3-trifluoropropane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,3-difluoropropane, • 1,1,1,2,2,4,5 , 5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,1-difluorobutane, • 1,1,1,2,2,4,5 , 5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,2-difluorobutane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,3-difluorobutane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,4-difluorobutane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,3-difluoro-2-methylpropane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,2-difluoro-2-methylpropane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 2,3-difluorobutane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,1,1-trifluoropentane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,1-trifluoro-3-methylbutane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,1-difluoropentane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,2-difluoropentane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 2, 2-difluoropentane, • 1,1,1,2,2,4,5 , 5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,5-decafluoropentane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,1,1-trifluorohexane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,1,2,2-tetrafluorocyclobutane; and 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6-nonafluoro -1-hexene. The heat transfer refrigerant compositions of the present invention can be azeotropic or near azeotropic compositions. An azeotropic composition is a liquid mixture of two or more substances that have a constant boiling point which may be above or below the boiling points of the individual components. As such, an azeotropic composition will not fractionate within the refrigeration or air conditioning system during operation, which can reduce the efficiency of the system. Additionally, an azeotropic composition will not be fractionated by leakage from the cooling or air conditioning system. In the situation where a component of a mixture is flammable the fractionation during the leak can lead to a flammable composition either within the system or outside the system. An almost azeotropic composition is a liquid mixture with a substantially constant boiling point of two or more substances that behave essentially as a single substance. One way of characterizing an almost azeotropic composition is that the vapor produced by partial evaporation or distillation of the liquid has substantially the same composition as the liquid from which it has been evaporated or distilled, that is, the mixture distills / refluxes without substantial change in the composition . Another way of characterizing an almost azeotropic composition is that the vapor pressure of the bubbling point and the vapor pressure of the condensation point of the composition at a particular temperature are substantially the same. Herein, a composition is almost azeotropic if, after 50% by weight of the composition has been removed, for example by evaporation or boiling off, the difference in vapor pressure between the original composition and the composition remaining. after 50% by weight of the original composition has been removed is less than about 10%. A list of the azeotropic refrigerant compositions of the present invention is included in Table 2. TABLE 2 Component Component Azeotropic Concentration Boiling Point AB azeotrope (° O% by weight of A% by weight of B PEIK HFC-263fa 78.4 21.6 46.0 PEIK HFC-272fa 74.7 25.3 33.5 PEIK HFC-392p 50.6 49.4 37.6 PEIK HFC-392qe 78.4 21.6 37.2 PEIK HFC-392qfe 84.9 15.1 41.3 PEIK HFC-392qff 92.5 7.5 45.8 PEIK HFC-392qqz 86.8 13.2 41.7 PEIK HFC-392q and 55.9 44.1 31.5 PEIK HFC-392see 75.0 25.0 36.0 PEIK HFC-4-10-3m 47.5 52.5 36.2 PEIK HFC-4-10-3mfsz 45.4 54.6 35.4 PEIK HFC-4-11 -2p 95.2 4.8 48.7 PEIK HFC-4-11-2qe 90.1 9.9 44.8 PEIK HFC-4-11-2sc 82.0 18.0 45.2 PEIK HFC-43-1 Ornate 73.6 26.4 46.0 PEIK HFC-5-12- 3m 96.0 4.0 48.8 PEIK HFC-C354cc 73.2 26.8 48.7 A list of near azeotropic refrigerant compositions and concentration ranges of the present invention is included in Table 3. TABLE 3 Compounds (A / B) Nearly Azeotropic Concentration Range% by weight of A% by weight of B PEIK / HFC-263fa 1-99 / 99-1 PEIK / HFC-272fa 1-90 / 99-10 PEIK / HFC-365mfc 1-99 / 99-1 PEIK / HFC-392p 1-99 / 99-1 PEIK / HFC-392qe 54-91 / 46-9 PEIK / HFC-392qfe 65-95 / 35-5 PEIK / HFC-392qff 76- 99 / 24-1 PEIK / HFC-392qqz 68-95 / 32-5 PEIK / HFC-392q and 1-84 / 99-16 PEIK / HFC-392see 48-90 / 52-10 PEIK / HFC-4-10-3m 1 -86 / 99-14 PEIK / HFC-4-10-3mfsz 1-84 / 99-16 PEIK / HFC-4-11 -2p 62-99 / 38-1 PEIK / HFC-4-11-2qe 72- 99 / 28-1 PEIK / HFC-4-11-2sc 51-99 / 49-1 PEIK / HFC-43-1 Ornate 1-99 / 99-1 PEIK / HFC-5-12-3m 65-99 / 35 -1 PEIK / HFC-C354cc 1-99 / 99-1 PEIK / PFBE 1 -99 / 99-1 The compositions of the present invention may additionally comprise about 0.01% by weight to about 5% by weight of a stabilizer, a free radical scavenger or antioxidants. Such additives include, but are not limited to, nitro-ethane, hindered phenols, hydroxylamines, thiols, phosphites or lactones. Single or combined additives can be used.

The compositions of the present invention may further comprise about 0.01% by weight to about 5% by weight of a water scavenger (dryer compound). Such water scavengers may comprise orthoesters such as trimethyl, triethyl or tripropyl orthoformate. The compositions of the present invention may additionally comprise an ultraviolet (UV) dye and optionally a solubilizing agent. The UV dye is a useful component for detecting leakage of the refrigerant composition by allowing one to observe the fluorescence of the dye in the refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition at the vanishing point or in the vicinity of the refrigeration or conditioning apparatus. of air. One can observe the fluorescence of the dye under an ultraviolet light. Solubilizing agents may be needed due to the poor solubility of said UV dyes in some refrigerants. By "ultraviolet" dye is meant a UV fluorescent composition that absorbs light in the "near" ultraviolet or ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The fluorescence produced by the UV fluorescent dye under illumination by a UV light that emits radiation with a wavelength anywhere from 10 nanometers to 750 nanometers can be detected. Therefore, if the refrigerant has said UV fluorescent dye and leaks from a given point in a refrigerating or air-conditioning apparatus, the fluorescence can be detected at the vanishing point. Such UV fluorescent dyes include, but are not limited to, naphthalimides, perylenes, coumarins, anthracenes, phenanthracenes, xanthenes, thioxanthenes, naphthoxanthenes, fluoresceins, and derivatives or combinations thereof. The solubilizing agents of the present invention comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbons, hydrocarbon ethers, polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers, amides, nitriles, ketones, chlorocarbons, esters, lactones, arylethers, fluoroethers and 1,1, 1 -trifluoroalkanes. The hydrocarbon solubilizing agents of the present invention comprise hydrocarbons that include straight chain alkanes or alkenes, branched chain or cyclic containing 5 or less carbon atoms and only hydrogen without other functional groups. Representative hydrocarbon solubilizing agents comprise propane, propylene, cyclopropane, n-butane, isobutane and n-pentane. It should be noted that if the refrigerant is a hydrocarbon, the solubilizing agent may not be the same hydrocarbon. The hydrocarbon ether solubilizing agents of the present invention comprise ethers containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen such as dimethyl ether (DME). The polyoxyalkylene glycol ether solubilizing agents of the present invention are represented by the formula R1 [(OR2) xOR3] y, where: x is an integer of 1-3; and is an integer of 1-4; R1 is selected from hydrogen and aliphatic hydrocarbon free radicals having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and binding sites; R2 is selected from aliphatic hydrocarbylene radicals having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms; R3 is selected from hydrogen and aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; at least one of R1 and R3 of said hydrocarbon radical; and wherein the polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers have a molecular weight of about 100 to about 300 atomic mass units (urn). Here, the polyoxyalkylene glycol ether solubilizing agents represented by: R1 [(OR2) xOR3] and; x preferably is 1-2; and preferably it is 1; R1 and R3 are preferably independently selected from hydrogen and hydrocarbonaliphatic radicals having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R2 is preferably selected from hydrocarbylene-aliphatic radicals having from 2 to 3 carbon atoms, more preferably 3 carbon atoms; the polyoxyalkylene glycol ether molecular weight is preferably from about 100 to about 250 urn, preferably from about 125 to 250 urn. The hydrocarbon radicals R1 and R3 having 1 to 6 carbon atoms can be linear, branched or cyclic. Representative hydrocarbon radicals R1 and R3 include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, secbutyl, tertbutyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, tertbutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl. When the free hydroxyl radicals in the present polyoxyalkylene glycol ether solubilizing agents can be incompatible with certain building materials of compression refrigeration apparatuses (for example Mylar®), R1 and R3 are preferably aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. , more preferably 1 carbon atom. The aliphatic hydrocarbylene R2 radicals having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms form repeated oxyalkylene radicals - (OR2) x- which include oxyethylene radicals, oxypropylene radicals and oxybutylene radicals. The oxyalkylene radical comprising R2 in a molecule of polyoxyalkylene glycol ether solubilizing agent may be the same, or a molecule may contain different oxyalkylene groups R2. The polyoxyalkylene glycol ether solubilizing agents present preferably comprise at least one oxypropylene radical. When R1 is an aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and binding sites, the radical may be linear, branched or cyclic. Representative R1 aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals containing two binding sites include, for example, an ethylene radical, a propylene radical, a butylene radical, a pentylene radical, a hexylene radical, a cycloprenylene radical and a cyclohexylene radical. Representative R1 aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals having 3 or 4 binding sites include residues derived from polyalcohols such as trimethylolpropane, glycerin, pentaerythritol, 1,2,3-trihydroxycyclohexane and 1,3,5-trihydroxycyclohexane, by removing their hydroxyl radicals. Representative polyoxyalkylene glycol ether solubilizing agents include, but are not limited to: CH3OCH2CH (CH3) O (H or CH3) (propylene glycol methyl (or dimethyl) ether), CH30 [CH2CH (CH3) O] 2 (H or CH3) (dipropylene glycol methyl ( or dimethyl) ether, CH30 [CH2CH (CH3) 0] 3 (H or CH3) (tripropylene glycolmethyl (or dimethyl) ether), C2H5OCH2CH (CH3) 0 (H or C2H5) (propylene glycollethyl (or diethyl) ether), C2H50 [ CH2CH (CH3) 0] 2 (H or C2H5) (dipropylene glycollethyl (or diethyl) ether), C2H50 [CH2CH (CH3) O] 3 (H or C2H5) (tripropylene glycollethyl (or diethyl) ether), C3H7OCH2 [CH3) 0 ( H or C3H7) (propylene glycol n-propyl (or di-n-propyl) ether), C3H70 [CH2CH (CH3) 0] 2 (H or C3H7) (dipropylene glycol n-propyl (or di-n-propyl) ether), C3H70 [CH2CH (CH3) O] 3 (H or C3H7) (tripropylene glycol n-propyl ( or di-n-propyl) ether), C4H9OCH2CH (CH3) OH (propylene glycol n-butyl ether), C 4 H 90 [CH 2 CH (CH 3) 0] 2 (H or CH 9) (dipropylene glycol n-butyl (or di-n-butyl) ether), CH 90 [CH 2 CH (CH 3) 0] 3 (H or CH 9) (tripropylene glycol n-butyl ( or di-n-butyl) ether), (CH3) 3COCH2CH (CH3) OH (propylene glycol butyl ether), (CH3) 3CO [CH2CH (CH3) 0] (H or (CH3) 3) (dipropylene glycol butyl ether (or diterbutyl) ether), (CH3) 3CO [CH2CH (CH3) 0] 3 (H or (CH3) 3) (tripropylene glycol butyl (or diterbutyl) ether), C5HuOCH2CH (CH3) OH (propylene glycol n-pentylether), CH9OCH2CH (C2H5) OH (butylene glycol n- butyl ether), CH90 [CH2CH (C2H5) 0] 2H (dibutylene glycol n-butyl ether), trimethylolpropane tri-n-butyl ether (C2H5C (CH20 (CH2) 3CH3) 3) and trimethylolpropane di-n-butyl ether (C2H5C (CH2OC (CH2) 3CH3) 2CH2OH). The amide solubilizing agents of the present invention comprise those represented by the formulas RxCONR2R3 and cyclo- [R4CON (R5) -], wherein R1, R2, R3 and R5 are independently selected from aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms; R 4 is selected from aliphatic hydrocarbylene radicals having from 3 to 12 carbon atoms; and wherein the amides have a molecular weight of about 100 to about 300 atomic mass units. The molecular weight of the amides is preferably from about 160 to about 250 urn. Optionally, R1, R2, R3 and R5 may include substituted hydrocarbon radicals, that is, radicals containing substituents other than hydrocarbons which are selected from halogens (for example fluorine, chlorine) and alkoxides (for example methoxy). Optionally, R1, R2, R3 and R5 can include hydrocarbon radicals substituted with heteroatom, ie radicals which contain the nitrogen (aza), oxygen (oxa) or sulfur (thia) atoms in the radical chain constituted of another way of carbon atoms. In general, a maximum of three different hydrocarbon substituents and heteroatoms, and preferably a maximum of one will be present for every 10 carbon atoms in R 1"3, and the presence of any of the substituents on different hydrocarbons and heteroatoms should be considered when apply the molecular weight limitations mentioned above The preferred amide solubilizing agents consist of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen The representative aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals R1, R2, R3 and R5 include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, secbutyl, terbutyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, terpentyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl and their configurational isomers A preferred embodiment of amide solubilizing agents are those wherein R 4 in the aforementioned formula before cyclo- [R4CON (R5) -] can be represented by the hydrocarbylene radical (CR6R7) n, in other words, the formula: cycle- [(CR6R7) nCON (R5) -] where: the values previously established for the molecular weight are applied; n is an integer from 3 to 5; R5 is a saturated hydrocarbon radical containing 1 to 12 carbon atoms; R6 and R7 are independently selected (for each n) by the previously offered rules defining R1"3. In the lactams represented by the formula: cyclo- [(CR6R7) nCON (R5) -], the totality of R6 and R7 preferably they are hydrogen or contain a single saturated hydrocarbon radical between n methylene units, and R 5 is a saturated hydrocarbon radical containing 3 to 12 carbon atoms, for example 1- (saturated hydrocarbon radical) -5-methylpyrrolidin-2-ones. Representative amide solubilizing agents include, but are not limited to: l-octylpyrrolidin-2-one, l-decylpyrrolidin-2-one, l-octyl-5-methylpyrrolidin-2-one, 1-butylcaprolactam, l-cyclohexylpyrrolidin-2- Ona, l-butyl-5-methylpiperid-2-one, l-pentyl-5-methylpiperid-2-one, 1-hexylcaprolactam, l-hexyl-5-methylpyrrolidin-2-one, 5-methyl-l-pentylpiperid-2-one, 1,3-dimethylpiperid-2-one, 1-methylcaprolactam, l-butylpyrrolidin-2-one, 1, 5-dimethylpiperid-2-one, l-decyl-5-methylpyrrolidin-2-one, l-dodecylpyrrolid-2-one, N, N-dibutylformamide and N, N-diisopropylacetamide. The ketone solubilizing agents of the present invention comprise ketones represented by the formula R 1 COR 2, wherein R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from aliphatic, alicyclic and aryl hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and wherein the ketones have a weight molecular from about 70 to about 300 urn. R1 and R2 in said ketones are preferably independently selected from aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 9 carbon atoms. The molecular weight of said ketones is preferably about 100 to 200 urn. R1 and R2 together can form a hydrocarbylene radical connected and forming a cyclic ketone ring of five, six or seven members, for example, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone and cycloheptanone. Optionally, R1 and R2 may include substituted hydrocarbon radicals, ie, radicals containing different substituents of hydrocarbon which are selected from halogens (for example fluorine, chlorine) and alkoxides (for example methoxy). R1 and R2 may optionally include heteroatom substituted hydrocarbon radicals, that is, radicals which contain the nitrogen (aza), oxygen atoms (keto, oxa) or sulfur (thia) in a chain of radicals that is otherwise composed of carbon atoms. In general, a maximum of three different hydrocarbon and heteroatom substituents, and preferably a maximum of 1 will be present for every 10 carbon atoms in R1 and R2 and the presence of any of said different hydrocarbon and heteroatom substituents should be considered when applying the Molecular weight limitations mentioned above.

The aliphatic, alicyclic and aryl radicals R1 and R2 represented in the general formula R1COR2 include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, secbutyl, tertbutyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, terpentyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, heptyl, octyl. , nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl and their configurational isomers as well as phenyl, benzyl, cumenyl, mesityl, tolyl, xylyl and phenethyl. Representative ketone solubilizing agents include, but are not limited to: 2-butanone, 2-pentanone, acetophenone, butyrophenone, hexanophenone, cyclohexanone, cycloheptanone, 2-heptanone, 3-heptanone, 5-methyl-2-hexanone, 2-octanone , 3-octanone, diisobutyl ketone, 4-ethylcyclohexanone, 2-nonanone, 5-nonanone, 2-decanone, 4-decanone, 2-decalone, 2-tridecanone, dihexylketone and dicyclohexyl ketone. The nitrile solubilizing agents of the present invention comprise nitriles represented by the formula R 1 CN, wherein R 1 is selected from aliphatic, alicyclic or aryl hydrocarbon radicals having from 5 to 12 carbon atoms, and wherein the nitriles have a molecular weight of about 90 to approximately 200 urn. R1 in said nitrile solubilizing agents are preferably selected from aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals having 8 to 10 carbon atoms. The molecular weight of the nitrile solubilizing agents is preferably from about 120 to about 140 urn. R1 may optionally include substituted hydrocarbon radicals, i.e., radicals containing different hydrocarbon substituents which are selected from halogens (e.g. fluorine, chlorine) and alkoxides (e.g., methoxy). Optionally, R1 may include heteroatom substituted hydrocarbon radicals, ie, radicals which contain the nitrogen (aza), oxygen (keto, oxa) or sulfur (thia) atoms in a radical chain otherwise composed of carbon atoms . In general, a maximum of three different hydrocarbon and heteroatom substituents, and preferably a maximum of one will be present for every 10 carbon atoms in R1, and the presence of any of said different hydrocarbon and heteroatom substituents should be considered when applying the molecular weight limitations mentioned above. The aliphatic, alicyclic and aryl radicals R1 representative R1 in the general formula R1CN include pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, terpentyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl and their configurational isomers as well as phenyl, benzyl, Cumenyl, mesityl, tolyl, xylyl and phenethyl. Representative nitrile solubilizing agents include but are not limited to: 1-cyanopentane, 2,2-dimethyl-4-cyanopentane, 1-cyanohexane, 1-cyanoheptane, 1-cyanooctane, 2-cyanooctane, 1-cyanononane, 1-cyanodecane, 2-cyanodecane, 1-cyanoundecane and 1-cyanododecane. The chlorocarbon solubilizing agents of the present invention comprise chlorocarbons represented by the formula RC1X, wherein; x is selected from the integers 1 or 2; R is selected from aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 12 carbon atoms; and wherein the chlorocarbons have a molecular weight of from about 100 to about 200 amu. The molecular weight of the chlorocarbon solubilizing agents is preferably about 120 to 150 amu. The representative aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals R in the general formula RC1X include: methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, secbutyl, tertbutyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, terpentyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl , undecyl, dodecyl and their configurational isomers. Representative chlorocarbon solubilizing agents include, but are not limited to: 3- (chloromethyl) pentane, 3-chloro-3-methylpentane, 1-chlorohexane, 1,6-dichlorohexane, 1-chloroheptane, 1-chloroctane, 1-chlorononane , 1-chlorodecane and 1, 1, 1-trichlorodecane. The ester solubilizing agents of the present invention comprise esters represented by the general formula R1C02R2, wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from linear and cyclic, saturated and unsaturated, alkyl and aryl radicals. The preferred esters consist essentially of the elements C, H and O, have a molecular weight of about 80 to about 550 amu. Representative esters include, but are not limited to (CH3) 2CHCH2OOC (CH2) 2-4OCOCH2CH (CH3) 2 (dibasic diisobutyl ester), ethyl hexanoate, ethyl heptanoate, n-butyl propionate, n-propyl propionate , ethyl benzoate, di-n-propyl phthalate, benzoic acid ethoxyethyl ester, dipropyl carbonate, "Exxate 700" (a commercial 7-carbon alkyl acetate), "Exxate 800" (an alkyl acetate of 8 commercial carbon atoms), dibutyl phthalate and tert-butyl acetate. The lactone solubilizing agents of the present invention comprise lactones represented by structures [A], [B] and [C]: [A] [B] [C] These lactones contain the functional group -C02- in a ring of six (A) or preferably five (B) atoms, where, for structures [A] and [B], Ri a R8 are independently selected from hydrogen or linear, branched, cyclic, bicyclic, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbyl radicals. Each Ri to Rs can be connected by forming a ring with another Ri to R8. The lactone may have an exocyclic alkylidene group as in the structure [C], where Ri to Re are independently selected from hydrogen or linear, branched, cyclic, bicyclic, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbyl radicals. Each Ri a Re can be connected by forming a ring with another Ri a Re. The lactone solubilizing agents have a molecular weight range of from about 80 to about 300 amu, from about 80 to about 200 amu are preferred. Representative lactone solubilizing agents include, but are not limited to, the compounds included in Table 4. TABLE 4 Lactone solubilizing agents generally have a kinematic viscosity of less than about 7 centistokes at 40 ° C. For example, the? -undecalactone has a kinematic viscosity of 5.4 centistokes and cis- (3-hexyl-5-methyl) dihydro furan-2 -one has a viscosity of 4.5 centistokes, both at 40 ° C. Lactone solubilizing agents may be commercially available or may be prepared by methods as described in the U.S. Patent Application. 10 / 910,495 (the inventors are: P. J. Fagan and C. J. Brandenburg), filed August 3, 2004, incorporated herein by reference. The aryl ether solubilizing agents of the present invention further comprise aryl ethers represented by the formula R 1 or R 2, wherein: R 1 is selected from hydrocarbaryl radicals having 6 to 12 carbon atoms; R2 is selected from aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and wherein the aryl ethers have a molecular weight of from about 100 to about 150 amu. Representative R1 aryl radicals in the general formula R1OR2 include phenyl, biphenyl, cumenyl, mesityl, tolyl, xylyl, naphthyl and pyridyl. Representative aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals R 2 in the general formula R 10 R 2 include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, secbutyl and tertbutyl. Representative aromatic ether solubilizing agents include but are not limited to: methylphenyl ether (anisole), 1,3-dimethoxybenzene, ethylphenyl ether and butylphenyl ether. The fluoroether solubilizing agents of the present invention comprise those represented by the general formula RxOCF2CF2H, wherein R1 is selected from aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals having from about 5 to about 15 carbon atoms, preferably primary, linear and saturated alkyl radicals . Representative fluoroether solubilizing agents include, but are not limited to: CßH? 7OCF2CF2H and C6OCF2CF2H. It should be noted that the refrigerant is a fluoride, then the solubilizing agent may not be the same fluoroether. The fluoroether solubilizing agents may further comprise ethers lacking fluoroolefins and polyols. The fluoroolefins can be of the type CF2 = CXY, where X is hydrogen, chlorine or fluorine, and Y is chlorine, fluorine, CF3 or ORf, where Rf is CF3, C2F5, or C3F7. Representative fluoroolefins are tetrafluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene and perfluoromethylvinylether. The polyols can be of the HOCH2CRR '(CH2) z (CHOH) xCH2 (CH2OH) type and wherein R and R' are hydrogen or CH3 or C2H5 and where x is an integer of 0-4, and is a whole number from 0-3 and z is zero or 1. Representative polyols are trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, butanediol and ethylene glycol. The solubilizing agents 1, 1, 1-trifluoroalkane of the present invention comprise 1,1,1-trifluoroalkanes represented by the general formula CFsR1, wherein R1 is selected from aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals having from about 5 to about 15 carbon atoms, preferably primary linear saturated alkyl radicals. Representative 1, 1, 1-trifluoroalkane solubilizing agents include, but are not limited to 1,1,1-trifluorohexane and 1,1,1-trifluorododecane. The solubilizing agents of the present invention may be present as a single compound or may be present as a mixture of more than one solubilizing agent. Mixtures of solubilizing agents may contain two solubilizing agents of the same class of compounds, for example two lactones or two solubilizing agents of two different kinds, such as a lactone and a polyoxyalkylene glycol ether. The present compositions comprise a refrigerant and a UV fluorescent dye, from about 0.001% by weight to about 1.0 percent by weight of the composition is UV dye, preferably from about 0.005% by weight to about 0.5% by weight, and more preferable from 0.01% by weight to approximately 0.25% by weight. The solubility of these UV fluorescent dyes in the refrigerants may be poor. Therefore, the methods for introducing these dyes into the refrigeration or air conditioning apparatus have been problematic, expensive and time-consuming. The patent of E.U.A. No. RE 36,951 describes a method which uses a dye powder, a solid pellet or suspension of the colorant that can be inserted into the component of the refrigerating apparatus or air conditioner. As the coolant and lubricant are circulated through the apparatus, the colorant dissolves or disperses and is transported through the apparatus. Many other methods for introducing dye into the refrigeration or air conditioning apparatus are described in the literature. Ideally, the UV fluorescent dye can be dissolved in the refrigerant itself so that no specialized method is required for introduction to the refrigeration or air conditioning apparatus. The present invention relates to compositions that include a UV fluorescent dye, which can be introduced into the refrigerant system. The compositions of the present invention will allow the storage and transport of the colorant-containing refrigerant even at low temperatures while maintaining the colorant in solution. In the present compositions comprising refrigerant, UV fluorescent dye and solubilizing agent, from about 1 to about 50% by weight, preferably from about 2 to about 25% by weight and more preferably from about 5 to about 15% by weight of the combined composition is a solubilizing agent in the refrigerant. In the compositions of the present invention, the UV fluorescent dye is present in a concentration of about 0.001% by weight to about 1.0% by weight in the refrigerant, preferably from 0.005% by weight to about 0.5% by weight, and more preferable from 0.01% by weight to approximately 0.25% by weight. Optionally, commonly used refrigeration system additives may be added, as desired, to the compositions of the present invention in order to improve the performance and stability of the system. These additives are known within the refrigeration field and include, but are not limited to, antiwear agents, extreme pressure lubricants, correction and oxidation inhibitors, metal surface deactivators, free radical scavengers and foam control agents. In general, these additives are present in the compositions of the invention in small amounts in relation to the general composition. Typically, concentrations of less than about 0.1% by weight to about 3% by weight of each additive are used. These additives are selected based on the individual system requirements. These additives include members of the triaryl phosphate family of EP lubricity additives (extreme pressure), such as butylated triphenyl phosphates (BTPP) or other alkylated triaryl phosphate esters, for example Syn-0-Ad 8478 from A zo Chemicals, tricresyl phosphates and related compounds. Additionally, metal dialkyl dithiophosphates (eg zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (or ZDDP), Lubrizol 1375 and other members of this family of chemicals can be used in compositions of the present invention.) Other antiwear additives include natural products oil and polyhydroxylasimetric lubrication additives such as Synergol TMS (International Lubricants) In a similar way, stabilizers such as antioxidants, free radical scavengers and water scavengers can be used.Compounds in this category can include, but are not they are limited to butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and epoxides.Solubilizing agents such as ketones can have an objectionable odor, which can be masked by the addition of an odor or fragrance masking agent Typical examples of agents for masking odors or fragrances can Include Evergreen, fresh lemon, cherry, cinnamon, peppermint, fl oral, orange peel, commercially available as well as d-limonene and pinene. Such odor masking agents can be used at concentrations from about 0.001% to as much as about 15% by weight based on the combined weight of the odor masking agent and the solubilizing agent.

The present invention further relates to a method of using fluid refrigerant or heat transfer compositions further comprising an ultraviolet fluorescent dye and optionally a solubilizing agent, in a refrigerating or air-conditioning apparatus. The method comprises introducing the refrigerant or the fluid heat transfer composition into the cooling or air conditioning apparatus. This can be done by dissolving the UV fluorescent dye in the refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition in the presence of a solubilizing agent and introducing the combination into the apparatus. Alternatively, this may be accomplished by combining the solubilizing agent and the UV fluorescent dye and introducing said combination into the refrigerating or air-conditioning apparatus containing the refrigerant or heat transfer fluid. The resulting composition can be used in a refrigeration or air conditioning apparatus. The present invention relates additionally to a method of using the refrigerant or heat transfer fluid compositions, comprising an ultraviolet fluorescent dye for detecting leaks. The presence of the colorant in the compositions allows detection of the leakage refrigerant in the refrigeration or air conditioning apparatus. Leak detection helps to correct, resolve or prevent inefficient operation of the device or system or equipment failure. Leak detection also helps contain chemicals used in the operation of the device. The method comprises providing the composition comprising refrigerant, ultraviolet fluorescent dye as described herein and optionally, a solubilizing agent as described herein, for an air conditioning and refrigeration apparatus and using a suitable means for detecting the refrigerant containing UV fluorescent dye. The suitable means for detecting the colorant includes, but is not limited to, an ultraviolet lamp, often referred to as "black light" or "blue light". Such ultraviolet lamps are commercially available from numerous sources designed specifically for this purpose. Once the composition containing ultraviolet fluorescent dye has been introduced into the cooling or air conditioning apparatus and allowed to circulate through the system, a leakage by brightness of the ultraviolet lamp can be found in the apparatus and by observing the Fluorescence of the dye in the vicinity of any vanishing point. The present invention is further related to a method for using the compositions of the present invention to produce refrigeration or heat, wherein the method comprises producing refrigeration by evaporating the composition in the vicinity of a body to be cooled and subsequently condensing the composition.; or producing heat by condensing the composition in the vicinity of the body to be heated and subsequently evaporating said composition. Mechanical refrigeration is primarily a thermodynamic application wherein the cooling medium, such as a refrigerant, advances through a cycle so that it can be recovered for reuse. Commonly used cycles include vapor compression, absorption, steam jet or steam and air expeller. Steam compression refrigeration systems include an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser and an expansion device. A vapor compression cycle reuses refrigerant in multiple stages producing a cooling effect in one stage and a heating effect in a different stage. The cycle can be described simply as follows. The liquid refrigerant enters an evaporator through an expansion device and the liquid refrigerant boils in the evaporator at a low temperature to form a gas and produce cooling. The low pressure gas enters a compressor where the gas is compressed to increase its pressure and temperature. The gaseous refrigerant with higher pressure (compressed) then enters the condenser in which the refrigerant condenses and discharges its heat to the environment. The refrigerant returns to the expansion device through which the liquid expands from the higher pressure level in the condenser to a lower pressure level in the evaporator and in this way the cycle is repeated. There are several types of compressors that can be used in refrigeration applications. Compressors can generally be classified as reciprocating, rotating, jet, centrifugal, displacement, spiral compressor, helical or axial flow, depending on the mechanical means to compress the fluid or positive displacement (eg reciprocating, spiral or helical) or dynamic (eg centrifugal) of jet) depending on how the mechanical elements act on the fluid to be compressed. Either positive displacement or dynamic compressors can be used in the method of the present invention. A centrifugal type compressor is the preferred equipment for the current refrigerant compositions. A centrifugal compressor uses rotating elements to accelerate the refrigerant radially and typically includes an impeller and a diffuser housed in a cover. Centrifugal compressors usually take fluid in a driving eye, or a central inlet of a circulating impeller and accelerate it radially outward. There is some increase in static pressure in the impeller, but most of the pressure increase occurs in the diffuser section of the cover, where the speed is converted to static pressure. Each impeller-diffuser assembly is a stage of the compressor. Centrifugal compressors with 1 to 12 or more stages are built, depending on the desired final pressure and the volume of refrigerant to be handled. The pressure ratio, or compression ratio of a compressor, is the ratio of absolute discharge pressure to absolute input pressure. The pressure supplied by a centrifugal compressor is practically constant over a relatively wide range of capacities. Positive displacement compressors pull steam into a chamber and the chamber decreases in volume to compress the vapor. After it is compressed, the steam is driven from the chamber to further decrease the volume of the chamber to zero or almost zero. A positive displacement compressor can accumulate a pressure, which is limited only by the volumetric efficiency and the resistance of the parts to resist pressure. Unlike a positive displacement compressor, a centrifugal compressor completely depends on the centrifugal force of the high-speed impeller to compress the steam that passes through the impeller. There is no positive displacement but rather what is called dynamic compression. The pressure that a centrifugal compressor can develop depends on the tip speed of the impeller. The tip speed is the speed of the impeller measured at the tip and is related to the diameter of the impeller and its revolutions per minute. The capacity of the centrifugal compressor is determined by the size of the passages through the impeller.

This makes the size of the compressor depend more on the required pressure than on the capacity. Due to its high-speed operation, a centrifugal compressor is primarily a low-pressure, high-volume machine. A centrifugal compressor works best with a low pressure refrigerant, such as trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11) or 1,2,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane (CFC-113). Large centrifugal compressors typically operate from 3,000 to 7,000 revolutions per minute (rpm).

Small turbine centrifugal compressors are designed for high speeds, from approximately 40,000 to approximately 70,000 rpm and have small drive sizes, typically less than 0.15 meters. A multi-stage impeller can be used in a centrifugal compressor to improve compressor efficiency and thus requires less energy when used. For a two-stage system, in operation, the discharge of the impeller from the first stage advances to the suction inlet of a second impeller. Both impellers can be operated by the use of a single axis (or arrow). Each stage can accumulate in a compression ratio of approximately 4 to 1; that is, the absolute discharge pressure can be four times the absolute suction pressure. An example of a two-stage centrifugal compressor system, in this case for automotive applications, is described in document E.U.A. 5,065,990, incorporated herein by reference. The compositions of the present invention suitable for use in refrigeration or air-conditioning systems using a centrifugal compressor are selected from the group consisting of at least one of: 1,1,1,2,2,4,5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,1,3-trifluoropropane 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3 pentanone and 1,3-difluoropropane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,1-difluorobutane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,2-difluorobutane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,3-difluorobutane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,4-difluorobutane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,3-difluoro-2-methylpropane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,2-difluoro-2-methylpropane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 2,3-difluorobutane, • 1,1,1,2,2,4,5 , 5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,1-trifluoropentane, • 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) ) -3-pentanone and 1,1,1-trifluoro-3-methylbutane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,1-difluoropentane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,2-difluoropentane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 2,2-difluoropentane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5- decafluoropentane, • 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,1-trifluorohexane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3 • pentanone and 1,1,2,2-tetrafluorocyclobutane; and 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6-nonafluoro -1-hexene. These compositions that are included in the above list are also suitable for use in a multi-stage centrifugal compressor, preferably a two-stage centrifugal compressor apparatus. The compositions of the present invention can be used in stationary air conditioning, heat pumps or in mobile air conditioning and refrigeration systems. Stationary heat pump and air conditioning applications include ductless window terminals, ducts, packed, chillers and commercial type that include those that are placed in the ceiling packed. Refrigeration applications include household or domestic refrigerators and freezers, ice making machines, self-contained chillers and freezers, portable chillers and freezers, and transport refrigeration systems. The compositions of the present invention can additionally be used in air conditioning, heating and cooling systems utilizing fin and tube heat exchangers, microchannel heat exchangers and a vertical or horizontal single pass tube or heat exchangers of type of plate. Conventional microchannel heat exchangers may not be ideal for the low pressure refrigerant compositions of the present invention. Low operating pressure and density result in high flow rates and high frictional losses in all components. In these cases the design of the evaporator can be modified. Instead of several microchannel plates being connected in series (with respect to the refrigerant path), a single-pass / single-pass heat exchanger distribution can be used. Therefore, a preferred heat exchanger for the low pressure refrigerants of the present invention is a single plate / single pass heat exchanger. In addition to two-stage compressor systems, the following compositions of the present invention are suitable for use in refrigeration or air conditioning systems utilizing a single plate / single pass heat exchanger: 1,1,1,2,2 , 4,5,5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,3,3-trifluoropropane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,3-difluoropropane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane; 1,1, 1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,1-difluorobutane; 1,1, 1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,2-difluorobutane; 1,1, 1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,3-difluorobutane; 1,1, 1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,4-difluorobutane; 1,1, 1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,3-difluoro-2-methylpropane; 1,1, 1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,2-difluoro-2-methylpropane; 1,1, 1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 2,3-difluorobutane; 1,1, 1,2,2,4,5,5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,1-trifluoropentane, • 1,1, 1,2,2,4 , 5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,1,1-trifluoro-3-methylbutane; 1,1, 1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,1-difluoropentane; 1,1, 1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,2-difluoropentane; 1,1, 1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 2,2-difluoropentane; 1,1, 1,2,2,4,5,5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5- decafluoropentane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,1,1-trifluorohexane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,1,2,2-tetrafluorocyclobutane; and 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6-nonafluoro -1-hexene. The compositions of the present invention are particularly useful in small turbine centrifugal compressors, which can be used in automotive and window air conditioning or heat pumps as well as in other applications. These high efficiency miniature centrifugal compressors can be driven by an electric motor and therefore can be operated independently of the motor speed. A constant compressor speed allows the system to provide a relatively constant cooling capacity at any engine speed. This provides an opportunity to improve in efficiency, especially at higher engine speeds compared to a conventional R-134a automobile air-conditioning system. When considering the operation of conventional system cycles at high driving speeds, the advantage of these low pressure systems becomes even greater. Some of the low pressure refrigerant fluids of the present invention may be suitable as substitutions in case of decomposition for CFC-113 in existing centrifugal equipment. The present invention relates to a process for making refrigeration, which comprises evaporating the compositions of the present invention in the vicinity of a body to be cooled, and subsequently condensing said compositions. The present invention is further related to a process for producing heat, which comprises condensing the compositions of the present invention in the vicinity of a body to be heated, and subsequently evaporating said compositions. The present invention is further related to a process for heat transfer from a heat source to a heat sink wherein the compositions of the present invention serve as heat transfer fluids. Said method for heat transfer comprises transferring the compositions of the present invention from a heat source to a heat sink. Heat transfer fluids are used to transfer, move or extract heat from a space, place, object or body to a different space, object or body, by radiation, driving or conviction. A heat transfer fluid can function as a secondary refrigerant by providing a means for transferring for cooling (or heating) a remote cooling (or heating) system. In some systems, the heat transfer fluid can remain in a constant state through the transfer process (ie, it does not evaporate or condensate). Alternatively, the evaporative cooling processes can also use heat transfer fluids. A heat source can be defined as any space, place, object or body from which it is desirable to transfer, move or eliminate heat. Examples of heat sources can be spaces (open or closed) that require cooling or cooling, such as cabinets of a refrigerator or freezer in a supermarket, construction spaces that require air conditioning or the passenger compartment of a car that requires air conditioning. A heat sink can be defined, any space, place, object or body capable of absorbing heat. A vapor compression refrigeration system is an example of such a heat sink. EXAMPLES EXAMPLE 1 Impact of Steam Leakage A vessel with an initial composition at the specified temperature is charged, and the initial vapor pressure of the composition is measured. The composition is allowed to escape from the container, while keeping the temperature constant, until 50% by weight of the initial composition has been removed, at which time the vapor pressure of the composition remaining in the container is measured. The results are summarized in table 5 below. TABLE 5 Compounds Psia kPA Psia kPa after Differential Initial weight% Initial after 50% of P% l% by weight B 50% of leakage PEIK / HFC-263fa (46.0 ° C) 78.4 / 21.6 14.67 101.15 14.67 101.15 0.0% 85/15 14.68 101.22 14.68 101.22 0.0% 90/10 14.69 101.28 14.69 101.28 0.0% 95/5 14.59 100.60 14.56 100.39 0.2% 99/1 14.13 97.42 13.52 93.22 4.3% 100/0 13.24 91.29 13.24 91.29 0.0% 70/30 14.69 101.28 14.69 101.28 0.0% 60/40 14.75 101.70 14.74 101.63 0.1% 40/60 14.91 102.80 14.90 102.73 0.1% /80 15.06 103.84 15.05 103.77 0.1% 10/90 15.13 104.32 15.12 104.25 0.1% 1/99 15.18 104.66 15.18 104.66 0.0% 0/100 15.19 104.73 15.19 104.73 0.0% PEIK / HFC-272fa (33.5 ° C) 74.7 / 25.3 14.68 101.22 14.68 101.22 0.0% 90/10 14.28 98.46 13.13 90.53 8.1% 91/9 14.20 97.91 12.58 86.74 11.4% 100/0 8.32 57.36 8.32 57.36 0.0% 60/40 14.48 99.84 14.16 97.63 2.2% 40/60 13.74 94.73 12.75 87.91 7.2% /80 12.66 87.29 11.80 81.36 6.8% /90 12.04 83.01 11.55 79.63 4.1% 1/99 11.45 78.95 11.40 78.60 0.4% 0/100 11.39 78.53 11.39 78.53 0.0% 'HFC-365mfc (50, .0 ° C) 0/100 20.23 139.48 20.23 139.48 0.0% 1/99 20.23 139.48 20.23 139.48 0.0% /80 20.14 138.86 20.13 138.79 0.0% 40/60 19.82 136.65 19.71 136.17 0.4% 60/40 19.16 132.10 18.94 130.59 1.1% 80/20 17.87 123.21 17.48 120.52 2.2% 99/1 15.41 106.25 15.36 105.90 0.3% 100/0 15.23 105.01 15.23 105.01 0.0% 'HFC-392p (37.6 < DC) 50.6 / 49.4 14.71 101.42 14.71 101.42 0.0% 80/20 13.92 95.98 13.36 92.11 4.0% 90/10 12.70 87.56 11.75 81.01 7.5% 99/1 10.18 70.19 9.92 68.40 2.6% 100/0 9.74 67.16 9.74 67.16 0.0% /80 14.31 98.66 14.11 97.29 1.4% /90 13.99 96.46 13.81 95.22 1.3% 1/99 13.61 93.84 13.58 93.63 0.2% 0/100 13.56 93.49 13.56 93.49 0.0% PEIK / HFC-392qe (37.2 ° C) 78.4 / 21.6 14.67 101.15 14.67 101.15 0.0% 90/10 14.42 99.42 13.59 93.70 5.8% 91/9 14.34 98.87 13.18 90.87 8.1% 92/8 14.25 98.25 12.65 87.22 11.2% 100/0 9.59 66.12 9.59 66.12 0.0% 60/40 14.38 99.15 13.60 93.77 5.4% 54/46 14.17 97.70 12.81 88.32 9.6% 53/37 14.12 97.35 12.67 87.36 10.3% 0/100 9.56 65.91 9.56 65.91 0.0% PEIK / HFC-392qfe (41.3 ° C) 84.9 / 15.1 14.71 101.42 14.71 101.42 0.0% 95/5 14.21 97.98 19.92 89.08 9.1% 96/4 13.99 96.46 12.37 85.29 11.6% 100/0 11.18 77.08 11.18 77.08 0.0% 65/35 14.27 98.39 12.95 89.29 9.3% 64/36 14.23 98.11 12.76 87.98 10.3% 0/100 7.91 54.54 7.91 54.54 0.0% PEIK / HFC-392qf f (45.8 ° C 92.5 / 7.5 14.71 101.42 14.71 101.42 0.0% 99/1 13.89 95.77 13.40 92.39 3.5% 100/0 13.15 90.67 13.15 90.67 0.0% 80/20 14.40 99.29 13.69 94.39 4.9% 76/24 14.24 98.18 12.87 88.74 9.6% 75/25 14.20 97.91 12.62 87.01 11.1% 0/100 5.03 34.68 5.03 34.68 0.0% PEIK / HFC-392qqz (41.7 ° C) 86.8 / 13.2 14.68 101.22 14.68 101.22 0.0% 95/5 14.35 98.94 13.26 91.43 7.6% 96/4 14.18 97.77 12.64 87.15 10.9% 100/0 11.34 78.19 11.34 78.19 0.0% 70/30 14.34 98.87 13.27 91.49 7.5% 68/32 14.26 98.32 12.88 88.81 9.7% 67/33 14.22 98.04 12.67 87.36 10.9% 0/100 7.26 50.06 7.26 50.06 0.0% PEIK / HFC-392qy (31.5 ° C) 55.9 / 44.1 14.69 101.28 14.69 101.28 0.0% 80/20 14.16 97.63 13.36 92.11 5.6% 84/16 13.86 95.56 12.47 85.98 10.0% 100/0 7.70 53.09 7.70 53.09 0.0% 40/60 14.56 100.39 14.41 99.35 1.0% /80 14.02 96.67 13.66 94.18 2.6% /90 13.60 93.77 13.33 91.91 2.0% 1/99 13.14 90.60 13.10 90.32 0.3% 0/100 13.08 90.18 13.08 90.18 0.0% PEIK / HFC-392see (36.0 ° C) 5-0 / 25.0 14.71 101.42 14.71 101.42 0.0% 90/10 14.29 98.53 12.94 89.22 9.4% 91/9 14.18 97.77 12.44 85.77 12.3% 100/0 9.16 63.16 9.16 63.16 0.0% 48/52 14.16 97.63 12.79 88.18 9.7% 47/53 14.12 97.35 12.66 87.29 10.3% 0/100 10.19 70.26 10.19 70.26 0.0% PEIK / HFC-4-10-3m (36.2 ° C) 47.5 / 52 14.70 101.35 14.70 101.35 0.0% 60/40 14.60 100.66 14.51 100 .04 0.6% 80/20 13.71 94.53 12.83 88. 46 6.4% 86/14 13.04 89.91 11.78 81. 22 9.7% 87/13 12.89 88.87 11.58 79. 84 10.2% 100/0 9.24 63.71 9.24 63. 71 0.0% 20/80 14.29 98.53 14.07 97. 01 1.5% 10/90 13.91 95.91 13.69 94., 39 1.6% 1/99 13.43 92.60 13.39 92., 32 0.3% 0/100 13.37 92.18 13.37 92., 18 0.0% PEIK / HFC-4-10-3mfsz (35.4 ° C) 45.4 / 54.6 14.67 101.15 14.67 101 .15 0.0% 80/20 13.58 93.63 12.59 86., 81 7.3% 84/16 13.15 90.67 11.89 81. .98 9.6% 85 / 15 13.02 89.77 11.69 80. .60 10.2% 100/0 8.96 61.78 8.96 61. .78 0.0% 20/80 14.33 98.80 14.14 97. .49 1.3% 10/90 13.98 96.39 13.78 95. .01 1.4% 1/99 13.53 93.29 13.50 93. .08 0.2% 0/100 13.47 92.87 13.47 92. .87 0.0% PEIK / HFC-4-ll-2p (48.7 ° C) 5.2 / 4.8 14.70 101.35 14.70 101.35 0.0% 99/1 14.62 100.80 14.62 100.80 0.0% 100/0 14.56 100.39 14.56 100.39 0.0% 80/20 14.16 97.63 13.86 95.56 2.1% 62/38 13.18 90.87 11.94 82.32 9.4% 61/39 13.13 90.53 11.81 81.43 10.1% 0/100 7.55 52.06 7.55 52.06 0.0% PEIK / HFC-4-ll-2qe (44.8 ° C) 90.1 / 9.9 14.68 101.22 14 .68 101.22 0.0% 99/1 13.51 93.15 12 .88 88.81 4.7% 100/0 12.69 87.50 12 .69 87.50 0.0% 72/28 14.29 98.53 13.02 89.77 8.9% 71/29 14.26 98.32 12 .79 88.18 10.3% 0/100 5.39 37.16 5. 39 37.16 0.0% PEIK / HFC-4-11-2SC (45.2 ° C¡ 82.0 / 18.0 14.69 101.28 14.69 101.28 0.0% 90/10 14.50 99.97 14.37 99.08 0.9% 99/1 13.19 90.94 13.05 89.98 1.1% 100/0 12.87 88.74 12.87 88.74 0.0% 60/40 14.20 97.91 13.58 93.63 4.4% 51/49 13.86 95.56 12.55 86.53 9.5% 50/50 13.81 95.22 12.41 85.56 10.1% 0/100 9.12 62.88 9.12 62.88 0.0% PEIK / HFC-43-10mee (46.0 ° C) 73.6 / 26.4 14, .69 101.28 14.69 101.28 0.0% 90/10 14, .31 98.66 14.12 97.35 1.3% 99/1 13, .41 92.46 13.33 91.91 0.6% 100/0 13, .24 91.29 13.24 91.29 0.0% 40/60 13, .81 95.22 13.28 91.56 3.8% /80 12, .52 86.32 11.79 81.29 5.8% /90 11, .65 80.32 11.14 76.81 4.4% 1/99 10, .73 73.98 10.67 73.57 0.6% 0/100 10, .62 73.22 10.62 73.22 0.0% PEIK / HFC-5 -12 -3m (48.8 ° C) 96.0 / 4.0 14.71 101.42 14.71 101.42 0.0% 99/1 14.66 101.08 14.65 101.01 0.1% 100/0 14.61 100.73 14.61 100.73 0.0% 80/20 14.12 97.35 13.76 94.87 2.5% 65/35 13.29 91.63 12.01 82.81 9.6% 64/36 13.24 91.29 11.86 81.77 10.4% 0/100 6.17 42.54 6.17 42.54 0.0% PEIK / HFC-C354CC (48., 7 ° C) 73.2 / 26.8 14.72 101.49 14.72 101.49 0.0% 90/10 14.66 101.08 14.66 101.08 0.0% 99/1 14.57 100.46 14.57 100.46 0.0% 100/1 14.56 100.39 14.56 100.39 0.0% 40/60 14.56 100.39 14.55 100.32 0.1% /80 14.37 99.08 14.35 98.94 0.1% 1/99 14.13 97.42 14.13 97.42 0.0% 0/100 14.11 97.29 14.11 97.29 0.0% PEIK / PFBE (50 ° C) 0/100 10.79 74.39 10.79 74.39 0.0% 1/99 10.86 74.88 10.84 74.74 0.2% /90 11.38 78.46 11.19 77.15 1.7% /80 11.93 82.25 11.62 80.12 2.6% /70 12.43 85.70 12.09 83.36 2.7% 40/60 12.91 89.01 12.57 86.67 2.6% 50/50 13.35 92.05 13.06 90.05 2.2% 60/40 13.78 95.01 13.54 93.36 1.7% 70/30 14.17 97.70 14.01 96.60 1.1% 80/20 14.55 100.32 14.45 99.63 0.7% 99/10 14.90 102.73 14.86 102.46 0.3% 99/1 15.20 104.80 15.20 104.80 0.0% 100/0 15.23 105.01 15.23 105.01 0.0% The results show the difference in vapor pressure between the original composition and the composition that remains after 50% by weight has been extracted, which is less than about 10% by weight for compositions of the present invention. This indicates that the compositions of the present invention are azeotropic or near azeotropic. When an azeotrope is present, the data shows compositions of the present invention having an initial vapor pressure greater than the vapor pressure of any of the pure components. EXAMPLE 2 Speed of Point to Develop Pressure The speed of tip can be calculated when realizing certain fundamental relations for refrigeration equipment that uses centrifugal compressors. The moment of torsion of an impeller ideally imparts to a gas, and is defined as T = m * (v2 * r2-v? * R?) Equation 1 where T is = torque, N * mm = mass flow , kg / s v2 = tangential speed of the impeller leaving the coolant (tip speed), m / s r2 = output impeller radius, mi = tangential speed of impeller entering coolant, m / s ri = input radius of the impeller, m Assuming that the coolant enters the impeller in an essentially radial direction, the tangential component of the velocity of vi = 0 therefore T = m * v2 * r2 Equation 2 The power required on the shaft is the product of the moment torsion and rotation speed P = T * w Equation 3 where P = power, ww = rotation speed, rez / s therefore, P = t * w = m * v2 * r2 * w Equation 4 A flows of coolant, the tip speed of the impeller and the tangential velocity of the coolant are almost identical; therefore, r2 * w = v2 Equation 5 and P = m * v2 * v2 Equation 6 Another expression for the ideal power is the product of the mass flow and the isentropic compression work, P = m * Hj * (lOOOJ / kJ) Equation 7 where Hj = difference in the enthalpy of the refrigerant from saturated steam to evaporation conditions with respect to saturated condensation conditions, kJ / kg. Combining the two expressions, equations 6 and 7, produces: v2 * v2 = 1000 * Hj Equation 8 Although Equation 8 is based on certain fundamental assumptions, it provides a good calculation of the tip speed of the impeller and provides an important way to compare the tip speeds of the refrigerants. Table 6 below shows the theoretical peak rates that are calculated for 1,2,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane (CFC-113) and the compositions of the present invention. The conditions assumed for this comparison are: Evaporator temperature 4.4 ° C (40.0 ° F) Condenser temperature 43.3 ° C (110.0 ° F) Liquid subcooling temperature 5.5 ° C (10.0 ° F) Return gas temperature 23.8 ° C (75.0 ° F) Compressor efficiency is 70% These are typical conditions under which small turbine centrifugal compressors work.

TABLE 6 The example shows that the compounds of the present invention have tip speeds within about +/- 20% of CFC-113 and can be effective substitutes for CFC-113 with minimal changes in compressor design. The most preferred compositions have tip speeds within about +/- 10% CFC-113.

EXAMPLE 3 Performance Data The data in table 7 show the operation of various refrigerants compared to CFC-113. The data is based on the following conditions. Evaporator temperature 4.4 ° C (40.0 ° F) Condenser temperature 43.3 ° C (110.0 ° F) Subcooling temperature 5.5 ° C (10.0 ° F) Compressor efficiency is 70% TABLE 7 The data shows the compositions of the present invention having evaporator and condenser pressures similar to CFC-113. Some compositions also have a higher energy efficiency (COP) capacity compared to CFC-113. It is noted that in relation to this date, the best method known to the applicant to carry out the aforementioned invention is that which is clear from the present description of the invention.

Claims (18)

1. CLAIMS Having described the invention as above, the content of the following claims is claimed as property: 1. A composition, characterized in that it is selected from the group consisting of: 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5, 5 -nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,1,3-trifluoropropane 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,3-difluoropropane, • 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane, • 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,1-difluorobutane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,2-difluorobutane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,3-difluorobutane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,4-difluorobutane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,3-difluoro-2-methylpropane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,2-difluoro-2-methylpropane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 2,3-difluorobutane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,1,1-trifluoropentane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,1-trifluoro-3-methylbutane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,1-difluoropentane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,2-difluoropentane, • 1,1,1,2,2,4,5 , 5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 2, 2-difluoropentane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5- decafluoropentane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,1-trifluorohexane, • 1,1,1,2,2,4 , 5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,1,2,2-tetrafluorocyclobutane; and 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6-nonafluoro -1-hexene.
2. 2. A refrigerant or a heat transfer fluid composition suitable for use in a refrigeration or air conditioning apparatus, characterized in that it uses: (i) a centrifugal compressor, or (ii) a multi-stage centrifugal compressor, or (iii) a single plate / single pass heat exchanger, the composition is selected from the group consisting of: 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,1,3-trifluoropropane 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,3-difluoropropane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,1-difluorobutane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,2-difluorobutane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,3-difluorobutane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,4-difluorobutane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,3-difluoro-2-methylpropane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,2-difluoro-2-methylpropane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 2,3-difluorobutane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,1,1-trifluoropentane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,1-trifluoro-3-methylbutane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,1-difluoropentane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,2-difluoropentane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 2,2-difluoropentane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,5- decafluoropentane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,1-trifluorohexane, • 1,1,1,2,2,4 , 5,5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 1,1,2,2-tetrafluorocyclobutane; and 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6-nonafluoro -1-hexene.
3. 3. An azeotropic or quasi-azeotropic composition, characterized in that it is selected from the group consisting of: from about 1% to about 99% by weight of 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5, 5-nonafluoro-4 - (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and about 99% to about 1% by weight of 1,1,3-trifluoropropane; about 1% to about 99% by weight of 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and about 99% to about 10% by weight of 1,3-difluoropropane; about 1 to about 99% by weight of 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and about 99% to about 1% by weight of 1 , 1-difluorobutane, about 54% to about 91% by weight of 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and about 46% to about 9% by weight of 1,2-difluorobutane; about 65% to about 95% by weight of 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and about 35% to about 5% by weight of 1,3-difluorobutane; about 76% to about 99% by weight of 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and about 24% to about 1% by weight of 1,4-difluorobutane; about 68% to about 95% by weight of 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and about 32% to about 5% by weight of 1,3-difluoro-2-methylpropane; about 1% to about 84% by weight of 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and about 99% to about 16% by weight of 1,2-difluoro-2-methylpropane; about 48% to about 90% by weight of 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and about 52% to about 10% by weight of 2,3-difluorobutane; about 1% to about 86% by weight of 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and about 99% to about 14% by weight of 1,1, 1-trifluoropentane; about 1% to about 84% by weight of 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and about 99% to about 16% by weight of 1,1, 1-trifluoro-3-methylbutane; about 62% to about 99% by weight of 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and about 38% to about 1% by weight of 1,1-difluoropentane; about 72% to about 99% by weight of 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and about 28% to about 1% by weight of 1,2-difluoropentane; about 51% to about 99% by weight of 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and about 49% to about 1% by weight of 2,2-difluoropentane; about 1% to about 99% by weight of 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and about 99% to about 1% by weight of 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,5-decafluoropentane; about 65% to about 99% by weight of 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and about 35% to about 1% by weight of 1,1,1-trifluorohexane; about 1% to about 99% by weight of 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and about 99% to about 1% by weight of 1,1,2,2-tetrafluorocyclobutane; and about 1% to about 99% by weight of 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and about 99% to about 1% by weight of 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-nonafluoro-1-hexene.
4. 4. An azeotropic composition characterized in that it is selected from the group consisting of: 78.4% by weight of 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 21.6% by weight of 1,1,3-trifluoropropane having a vapor pressure of about 101 kPa (14.7 psia) at a temperature of about 46.0 ° C; 74.7% by weight of 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 25.3% by weight of 1,3-difluoropropane having a pressure of steam of approximately 101 kPa (14.7 psia) at a temperature of approximately 33.5 ° C; 50.6% by weight of 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 49.4% by weight of 1,1-difluorobutane having a pressure of steam of approximately 101 kPa (14.7 psia) at a temperature of approximately 37.6 ° C; 78.4% by weight of 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 21.6% by weight of 1,2-difluorobutane having a pressure of steam of approximately 101 kPa (14.7 psia) at a temperature of about 37.2 ° C; 84.9% by weight of 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 15.1% by weight of 1,3-difluorobutane having a pressure of steam of about 101 kPa (14.7 psia) at a temperature of about 41.3 ° C; 92.5% by weight of 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 7.5% by weight of 1,4-difluorobutane having a pressure of steam of approximately 101 kPa (14.7 psia) at a temperature of approximately 45.8 ° C; 86.8% by weight of 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 13.2% by weight of 1,3-difluoro-2-methylpropane which has a vapor pressure of about 101 kPa (14.7 psia) at a temperature of about 41.7 ° C; 55.9% by weight of 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 44.1% by weight of 1,2-difluoro-2-methylpropane which has a vapor pressure of approximately 101 kPa (14.7 psia) at a temperature of approximately 31.5 ° C; 75.0% by weight of 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 25.0% by weight of 2,3-difluorobutane having a pressure steam of approximately 101 kPa (14.7 psia) at a temperature of approximately 36.0 ° C; 47.5% by weight of 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 52.
5. 5% by weight of 1,1,1-trifluoropentane having a vapor pressure of approximately 101 kPa (14.7 psia) at a temperature of approximately 36.2 ° C; 45.4% by weight of 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 54.6% by weight of 1,1,1-difluoro-3- methylbutane having a vapor pressure of about 101 kPa (14.7 psia) at a temperature of about 35.4 ° C; 95.2% by weight of 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 4.8% by weight of 1,1-difluorobutane having a pressure of steam of approximately 101 kPa (14.7 psia) at a temperature of approximately 48.7 ° C; 90.1% by weight of 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 9.9% by weight of 1,2-difluoropentane having a pressure of steam of approximately 101 kPa (14.7 psia) at a temperature of about 44.8 ° C; 82.0% by weight of 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 18.0% by weight of 2,2-difluoropentane having a pressure of steam of approximately 101 kPa (14.7 psia) at a temperature of approximately 45.2 ° C; 73.6% by weight of 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 26.4% by weight of 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5-decafluoropentane having a vapor pressure of about 101 kPa (14.7 psia) at a temperature of about 46.0 ° C; 96.0% by weight of 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 4.0% by weight of 1,1,1-trifluorohexane having a vapor pressure of approximately 101 kPa (14.7 psia) at a temperature of approximately 48.8 ° C; and 73.2% by weight of 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 26.8% by weight of 1,1,2,2-tetrafluorocyclobutane having a vapor pressure of about 101 kPa (14.7 psia) at a temperature of about 48.7 ° C; A process for producing refrigeration, characterized in that it comprises evaporating the composition according to claim 2, 3 or 4, in the vicinity of a body to be cooled and subsequently condensing said composition.
6. 6. A method for producing heat, characterized in that it comprises condensing the composition according to claim 2, 3 or 4 in the vicinity of a body to be heated, and subsequently evaporating said composition.
7. 7. A method for transferring heat, characterized in that it comprises transferring the composition according to claim 2, 3 or 4 from the vicinity of a heat source to a heat sink.
8. The composition according to claim 2, characterized in that it also comprises at least one ultraviolet fluorescent dye selected from the group consisting of naphthalimides, perylenes, coumarins, anthracenes, phenanthracenes, xanthenes, thioxanthenes, naphthoxethenes, fluoresceins, derivatives of the dye and combinations thereof.
9. The composition according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that it further comprises at least one fluorescent, ultraviolet dye selected from the group consisting of naphthalamides, perylenes, coumarins, anthracenes, fenetrannes, xanthenes, thioxanthenes, naphthoxethenes, fluoresceins , dye derivatives and combinations thereof.
10. The composition according to claim 8, characterized in that it further comprises at least one solubilizing agent selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbons, dimethyl ether, polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers, amides, ketones, nitriles, chlorocarbons, esters, lactones, arylethers, hydrofluoroethers and 1, 1, 1-trifluoroalkanes; and wherein the refrigerant and solubilizing agent are not the same compound.
11. 11. The composition according to claim 10, characterized in that the solubilizing agent is selected from the group consisting of: a) polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers represented by the formula R1 [(OR2) xOR3] y, wherein: x is an integer of 1 to 3; and is an integer from 1 to 4; R1 is selected from hydrogen and aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and binding sites; R2 is selected from aliphatic hydrocarbylene radicals having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms; R3 is selected from hydrogen, aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; at least one of R1 and R3 is selected from hydrocarbon radicals; and wherein the polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers have a molecular weight of about 100 to about 300 atomic mass units; b) amides represented by the formulas R1CONR2R3 and cyclo- [R4CON (R5) -], wherein R1, R2, R3 and R5 are independently selected from aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and at most an aromatic radical having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms; R 4 is selected from aliphatic hydrocarbylene radicals having from 3 to 12 carbon atoms; and wherein the amides have a molecular weight of from about 100 to about 300 atomic mass units; c) ketones represented by the formula R1COR2, wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from aliphatic, alicyclic and aryl hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and wherein the ketones have a molecular weight of from about 70 to about 300 Atomic mass units; d) nitriles represented by the formula R 1 CN, wherein R 1 is selected from aliphatic, alicyclic or aryl hydrocarbon radicals having from 5 to 12 carbon atoms and wherein the nitriles have a molecular weight of from about 90 to about 200 units of atomic mass . e) chlorocarbons represented by the formula RC1X, - li ¬ where x is selected from the integers 1 or 2; R is selected from aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms; and wherein the chlorocarbons have a molecular weight of from about 100 to about 200 atomic mass units; f) aryl ethers represented by the formula R1OR2, wherein: R1 is selected from aryl hydrocarbon radicals having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms; R2 is selected from aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and wherein the aryl ethers have a molecular weight of about 100 to about 150 atomic mass units; g) 1,1,1-trifluoroalkanes represented by the formula CFsR1, wherein R1 is selected from aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals and alicyclics having from about 5 to about 15 carbon atoms; i) fluoroethers represented by the formula R1OCF2CF2H, wherein R1 is selected from aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals having from about 5 to about 15 carbon atoms; or wherein the fluoroethers are derived from fluoro-olefins and polyols, wherein the fluoro-olefins are of the CF2 = CXY type, wherein X is hydrogen, chloro or fluorine, and Y is chloro, fluoro, CF3 or ORf, wherein Rf is CF3, C2F5 or C3F7; and the polyols are of the HOCH2CRR '(CH2) z (CHOH)? CH2 (CH2OH) type and, where R and R' are hydrogen, CH3 or C2H5, x is an integer of 0-4, and is a whole number from 0-3 and z is zero or 1; and j) lactones represented by structures [B], [C] [B] [C] [D] wherein Ri to Rs are independently selected from hydrogen, linear, branched, cyclic, bicyclic, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbyl radicals; and the molecular weight is from about 100 to about 300 atomic mass units; and k) esters represented by the general formula R1C02R2, wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from linear and cyclic, saturated and unsaturated alkyl and aryl radicals; and wherein the esters have a molecular weight of from about 80 to about 550 atomic mass units.
12. 12. A method for producing refrigeration or air conditioning, characterized in that it comprises: introducing the composition according to claim 10 into a compression apparatus for cooling or air conditioning, by: (i) dissolving the ultraviolet fluorescent dye in the composition refrigerant or the heat transfer fluid in the presence of the solubilizing agent, and introducing the combination into the refrigeration or air conditioning compression apparatus, or (ii) combining the solubilizing agent and the UV fluorescent dye and introducing the combination into the apparatus of refrigeration compression or air conditioning and contains the refrigerant and / or the heat transfer fluid.
13. 13. A method for detecting a leak in or in the vicinity of a refrigeration or air conditioning apparatus, the method is characterized in that it comprises: providing a composition according to claim 8 to 10 in the apparatus, and providing a suitable means to detect the composition at the vanishing point or in the vicinity of the apparatus.
14. 14. A method for producing refrigeration, the method is characterized in that it comprises: evaporating the composition according to claim 10 in the vicinity of a body to be cooled and subsequently condensing the composition.
15. 15. A method for producing heat, the method is characterized in that it comprises: condensing the composition according to claim 10 in the vicinity of a body to be heated and subsequently evaporating the composition.
16. 16. The composition according to claim 2 to 10, characterized in that it further comprises a stabilizer, water remover or an agent for masking the odor.
17. The composition according to claim 16, characterized in that the stabilizer is selected from the group consisting of nitromethane, hindered phenols, hydroxylamines, thiols, phosphites and lactones.
18. 18. The composition according to claim 16, characterized in that the water scavenger is an orthoester.