MXPA06008861A - A fluid dispenser - Google Patents

Abstract

A fluid dispenser (1) for dispensing a metered volume of a fluid product (2) has a storage chamber (57) for storing the fluid product in;a dispensing outlet (27) through which the fluid product is dispensable from the dispenser;a metering chamber (73) which is adapted to provide the metered volume of the fluid product for dispensing through the dispensing outlet by movement of the metering chamber between a contracted stateand an expanded state, movement of the metering chamber from the contracted state to the expanded state placing the metering and storage chambers in fluid communication to enable the metering chamber to receive from the storage chamber an excess volume of the fluid product comprising the metered volume and a surplus volume;and a bleed arrangement (55a, 55b) adapted to bleed the surplus volume of the fluid product from the metering chamber. The metering chamber is defined by a boundary wall having a first section (43) movably mounted in the dispenser to move the metering chamber between the expanded and contracted states. The first section of the metering chamber boundary wall and the storage chamber are provided by a container unit (43, 57) which is movably mounted in the dispenser.

Description

A FLUID DISTRIBUTOR RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims the priority of the patent application of R. U. No. 0 402 690.2 filed on February 6, 2004, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference. This application also relates to the PCT patent applications of the Applicant that have been filed concurrently therewith under the references of Applicant PB60733-A, PB60733-B, PB60733-C, PB60733-D, PB60733-E, PB60733-G ( all entitled "A Fluid Distributor" and PB60733-F (entitled "A Metering Pumping System") and which respectively claim priority from the patent applications of U.S. Nos. 402 402, 0 402 692.8, 0 402 693.6, 0 402 697.7 and 0 402 695.1 all filed on February 6, 2004, the contents of all these applications hereby incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a dispenser for dispensing a measured volume of a fluid product and is particularly, but not exclusively, concerned with a dispenser for dispensing a measured volume of a fluid medicament, eg, medicaments having formulations liquid, soft, powder or topical (cream, pasta, etc). The invention also has application in the area of consumer health care, as in the case of toothpaste, suntan lotion, etc.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The fluid product distributors having metering devices are known in the art. As an example, in the medical field the use of metered dose inhalers (MDIs) is well established. In an MDI, the fluid product is contained under pressure in a canister having an open end closed by a valve mechanism. The valve mechanism has a valve body which defines a fixed volume measuring chamber through which a valve rod slides in a sealed manner between fill and discharge positions. In the filling position, the valve rod places the measuring chamber in fluid communication with the contents of the can, but isolates the dosing chamber from the external environment. Conversely, when the valve stem moves to the discharge position, the measurement chamber is placed in fluid communication with the external environment, but is isolated from the contents of the canister. In this way, a measured volume of fluid product is sequentially transferred to the measurement chamber and then discharged to the external environment for inhalation by a patient. The present invention provides a distributor for a fluid product having a new distributor mechanism.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a fluid dispenser according to claim 1 thereof. Exemplary features of the invention are set forth in the other claims of the same and also in the claims of the related applications mentioned above. Other exemplary aspects and features of the invention are found in the exemplary embodiments which will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying figures of the drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is an exploded perspective view of a intranasal fluid distributor, portable, operable manually according to the present invention that is configured to operate in the distribution of a plurality of measured doses of a liquid thereof, one dose per actuation cycle. Figures 2A to 21 are views in longitudinal sections of the fluid manifold sequentially showing a complete actuation cycle thereof for distributing a measured dose of the liquid. Figure 3 is a schematic elongation of the area I in Figure 2F illustrating the opening of an outlet valve of the fluid manifold during an operation distribution mode thereof. Figure 4 is a schematic illustration of an alternative container for use in the fluid dispenser which is of the bag type. Figures 5A to 5G are schematic representations of an alternative valve arrangement for use in the fluid manifold sequentially showing movement of the control members of the inlet and outlet valve during the drive cycle of the fluid manifold.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EXEMPLARY MODALITIES OF THE INVENTION Figures 1 to 3 show a fluid distributor 1 according to the present invention whose underlying principle of operation is as described and claimed in international patent applications Nos. PCT / EP03 / 08646 and PCT / EP03 / 08647, the complete contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference. The fluid distributor 1 has an outer housing 3 comprising halves of the outer, first and second housing, 5a, 5b. The outer housing 3 is assembled through the interconnection of complementary male and female connectors 7a, 7b formed on the inner surfaces 9a, 9b of the halves of the outer housing 5a, 5b. In this particular embodiment, the male connectors 7a are pins and the female connectors 7b are openings in which the pins are slidably received. The outer housing 3 is preferably made of a plastic material, for example, by molding. More preferably, the outer housing is made of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS). As indicated by the broken line in Figure 2A, the outer housing 3 of the fluid distributor 1 is held in the hand H of a human user when the fluid distributor 1 is operated. The user's hand H holding the outer housing 3 is also capable of being used to drive the fluid distributor 1, as will be well understood below. The halves of the outer housing 5a, 5b have a shape similar to a cover by which when they are assembled they enclose an internal camera 1 1. As will be understood by reference to Figure 1, for example, at an upper end 13 of the outer housing 3 there is a passageway 1 5 to the inner chamber 1 1 joined by concave recesses 17a, 17b in the halves of the outer housing 5a, 5b. The passage 15 is installed co-axially with a longitudinal axis X-X of the fluid distributor 1 and has a generally circular lateral cross-section. The passage 15 receives a nozzle 1 9 from the fluid distributor 1, which in this embodiment is formed and sized for insertion into a nasal orifice of a human user (i.e., a nasal nozzle). In this way, the fluid distributor 1 is an intra-nasal fluid distributor. For this purpose, the nasal nozzle 1 9 in this particular embodiment has an outer surface 20 having a generally circular lateral cross section and which curves laterally inwardly in the upward direction denoted by the arrow U. The nasal nozzle 1 9 is made preferably of a plastic material, for example of polypropylene (PP), and can, for example, be formed by molding. As will be seen from Figures 2A and 3, the nasal nozzle 19 is axially aligned with the longitudinal axis XX and has a longitudinal interior surface 21 for directing the liquid distributed from the distributor 1 in the upward direction U along the longitudinal axis XX. The nasal nozzle 19 has an inner, open-ended, generally cylindrical tubular section 23 whose inner circumferential surface 25 defines the interior surface of the nozzle 21. In addition, the tubular section 23 provides an upper opening 27 of the inner surface of the nozzle 21 which is the outlet orifice of the fluid distributor 1. As will be appreciated, the nasal nozzle 19 can be of other shapes and configurations suitable for insertion into a human nostril. A generally cylindrical valve body 28 of a one-way outlet valve (no return), check valve type 30 is sealed in a sealed manner on an outer circumferential surface 29 of the inner tubular section of nozzle 23 at its lower end 31 so that a lateral bottom end wall 34 of the generally U-shaped valve body 28 is positioned below an opening 32 of the nozzle front surface 21. The lateral bottom end wall 34 of the valve body 28 includes a valve opening 33 and an outlet valve control member 35 in use to selectively position the outlet valve opening 33 and the interior surface of the nozzle 21 in communication fluid so that a measured volume (metered dose) of the liquid 2 is capable of flowing through the outlet valve 30 on the interior surface of the nozzle 21, as will be described in more detail below in the present. The outlet valve control member 35 has a tubular rod, generally cylindrical, which is open at its upper end and closed by a protruding plate at its lower end. One or more openings 40 are provided in the tubular rod. The tubular rod is slidably mounted in a sealed manner in the lower opening 32 of the inner surface of the nozzle 21. The outlet valve control member 35 is deflected by a return spring of outlet valve 38, preferably formed integrally with the outlet valve control member 35, to a rest position in which the protruding plate of the outlet valve 35 exit valve control member 35 sealingly closes the valve opening 33 when resting on a valve seat 36, as shown in Figure 2A. During actuation of the fluid manifold 1, the outlet valve control member 35 is lifted from the valve seat 36 to place the valve opening 33 in fluid communication with the interior nozzle surface 21 through one or more openings 40. in the tubular stem of the outlet valve control member 35, as will be described in more detail herein below, particularly with reference to Figure 3. The components 28, 35 of the metering valve 30 can be made of polypropylene (PP), for example, by molding. As shown in Figures 1 and 3, for example, the valve body 28 has an outer circumferential surface 37 on which sealing rings, upper and lower, 39, 41 are provided. The sealing rings, upper and lower 39, 41 can be formed integrally with the valve body 28 or can be separate valve components. As will be seen from a comparison of Figures 2A and 2B with Figures 2C to 2E, a generally U-shaped sliding member 43 is mounted in a sealed manner, slidably on the outer circumferential surface 37 of the valve body in the form of U 28 for reciprocation along the longitudinal axis XX between the positions, upper and lower, relative to the U-shaped valve body 28. More particularly, the U-shaped sliding member 43 has a longitudinal, generally circular, side wall 45. having an inner circumferential surface 47 which slides in a sealed manner over the sealing rings, upper and inner 39, 41 in the valve body 28. The U-shaped sliding member 43 further has a side lower end wall 49 which, in the upper position, it abuts the side lower end wall 34 of the valve body 28 (see, for example, Figures 2A, 2B and 2F to 21), and that, in the lower position r (Figures 2D and 2E), separates downwardly from the lateral bottom end wall 34 of the valve body 28. It can therefore be seen that the U-shaped valve body 28 and the U-shaped sliding member. 43 are installed in a nest configuration. The longitudinal side wall 45 of the U-shaped sliding member 43 has a connection protrusion extending outwards 51 in an intermediate position of its circumferential surface 53. As best illustrated in Figures 2B and 3, four transfer ports angularly spaced 55a, 55b (only two shown) extend laterally through the longitudinal side wall 45 of the U-shaped sliding member 43 at a position below the connecting projection 51. Of course, the number of transfer ports can be decreased or increased as desired. In this embodiment, the U-shaped sliding member 43 is made of a plastic material, for example, by molding. A preferred plastic material is polypropylene (PP). A hollow container containing liquid, generally cylindrical 57 is fixed to the U-shaped sliding member 43 for reciprocation therewith on the longitudinal axis X-X. In particular, the container 57 has an open end container body 56 having a generally U-shaped head 59 at an upper end 61 which is nested with the U-shaped sliding member 43 to engage in a sealed, fixed manner with the projection of the container. connection 51 of the U-shaped sliding member 43, for example, by adhesion therebetween. As best shown further in Figures 2B and 3, the connection is such that the lower section 60 of the outer circumferential surface 53 of the U-shaped sliding member 43, which is below the connecting projection 51, is laterally separated. inwardly of the inner circumferential surface 62 of the head of the U-shaped container 59 to form an annular channel 64 therebetween, which is sealingly sealed at the upper end 61 by the connecting projection 51 and in which the ports of transfer 55a, 55b open. The container body 56 further has an elongated hollow base 63 at a lower end 65 and a hollow neck 67 extending longitudinally from the base 63 to the head 59. A sealing piston 69 is slidably mounted, sealed at the base of the housing. container body 63 for sealingly closing the container body 56 at the lower end 65. In this embodiment the container body 56 is made of glass, although, of course, other inert materials can be used, for example, a material plastic, such as polypropylene (PP). Where the container body 56 is made of a plastic material, it can be connected to the projection 51 of the plastic U-shaped sliding member 43 by welding, for example, by ultrasonic welding.

In this embodiment, the sealing piston 69 is made of a plastic material, for example, by welding, and is preferably made of butyl rubber. In this particular embodiment, the container 57 contains a liquid medicament formulation. As will be appreciated by the skilled person in the art, the lower end of the annular channel 64 around the U-shaped sliding member 43 is in fluid communication with the inner volume of the neck of the container body 67 which, in turn, is in fluid communication with the inner volume of the base of the closed container body 63. Therefore, it will be understood that the container 57 cooperates with the sliding member 43 to define an anterior volume of container 71 that is only open in the transfer ports 55a, 55b due to the inner volume 71 being sealed by the sealing piston 69 at the lower end 65 and by the connecting projection 51 at the upper end 61. For convenience, the assembly of the U-shaped sliding member 43 and the container 57 will now be referred to as the "container unit 58". Importantly, as will be appreciated from recourse to FIGS. 2C to 2E and 3, the U-shaped sliding member 43 and the lateral bottom end wall 34 of the measuring valve body 28 cooperate to define a pumping measuring chamber. 73 between them that either selectively seals or opens to the transfer ports 55a, 55b or the inner surface of the nozzle 21 depending on the sliding position of the container unit 58 on the valve body 28, as will be detailed further below in the present. The fluid distributor 1 is filled with sufficient liquid 2 which, before it is used first, completely fills the interior volume of container 71, including annular channel 64. Moreover, the operation of the fluid distributor is such that the interior volume of the fluid Container 71 is kept without air, that is, there is no upper space. As shown in Figure 2A, for example, a compression-type return spring 75 acts on the base of the container 63 to deflect the container unit 58 in the upward direction U to a superior sliding position in the outer housing 3 in which the U-shaped sliding member 43 is placed in its upper position in the valve body 28. As will be more fully understood more shortly hereinbelow, the fluid distributor 1 is adapted so that, in its condition At rest or not actuated, the container unit 58 is placed in the upper sliding position by the return spring 75. As illustrated in Figures 2A and 2B, for example, the upper sliding position of the container unit 58 is defined by the abutting the side lower end wall 49 of the U-shaped sliding member 43 with the side lower end wall 34 of the valve body 28 (i.e., when the sliding member fo U 43 is in its upper sliding position in the valve body 28. In this way, it will be appreciated that the pumping measurement chamber 73 does not have, or substantially does not have, a volume in the idle state of the fluid distributor 1 . Further, in the upper sliding position of the U-shaped member 43 the transfer ports 55a, 55b are placed between the sealing rings, upper and lower, 39, 41 in the valve body 28. In addition, the control member of exit valve 35 is in its closed position. Consequently, the measuring chamber 73 is not in fluid communication with the internal volume counter 71 of the container 57 not with the inner surface of the nozzle 21. That is, the measuring chamber 73 is sealed. In this way, the internal volume 71 of the container unit 58 is completely sealed in the state of rest of the fluid distributor 1 in so many pollutants, so that the air and humidity, can not enter the interior volume of the container 71 at its end lower 65, due to the sealing piston 69, nor to the upper end 61 by virtue of the position of the transfer ports 55a, 55b between the sealing rings 39, 41, the collapsed state of the measuring chamber 73 and the closed position of the member of valve control 35. Of course, it will be appreciated that the components of the fluid manifold 1 are made of fluid impervious materials. As will be described in more detail hereinafter in more detail, the fluid distributor 1 is provided with a hand operable drive mechanism 100 for reciprocation of the container unit 58 along the longitudinal axis XX to cause a measured dose of liquid 2 is distributed. In broad terms, the drive mechanism 1 00 drives the container unit 58 downwards in the direction of the arrow D against the return force of the return spring 75. By doing this, the U-shaped sliding member 43 part of the body valve 28 to increase the volume of the measuring chamber 73, as shown in Figures 2C to 2E. This results in a negative or vacuum pressure occurring in the measuring chamber 73. Eventually, the transfer ports 55a, 55b slide past the lower sealing ring 41 to position the measuring chamber 73 and the inner volume of the container 71 in fluid communication with each other. The liquid in the container 57 is then drawn into the measuring chamber 73 due to the negative pressure created in the measuring chamber 73 during the downward stroke of the container unit 58. In this aspect, the sealing piston 69 slides upwards in the base of the container 63, under the influence of the negative pressure, to reduce the inner volume 71 of the container 57 by an amount equivalent to the liquid volume transferred in the measuring chamber 73. According to the above, no upper space is generated on the liquid 2 in the container 57 during the filling of the measuring chamber 73. It should be noted that the exit valve control member 35 remains closed in the downward stroke to prevent the escape of any of the liquid 2 transferred in the measuring chamber 73 during this operation filling mode of the fluid distributor 1. Once the down stroke is complete, and the container unit 58 is in its lower sliding position shown in Figure 2E, the return spring 75 is released to drive the container unit 58 upward and compresses the measurement chamber 73. For To this end, the hydraulic force necessary to cause the sealing piston 69 in the base of the container 63 to slide down is less than that required to open the control member of the outlet valve 35. As a result, during a phase initial of the ascending return golde of the container unit 58 in the outer housing 3 a proportion of the liquid 2 in the measuring chamber 73 is poured back to the inner volume of the container 71 through the transfer ports 55a, 55b resulting in the sealing piston 69 sliding down at the base of container 63. This is the spill operation mode of fluid distributor 1. In the spill operation mode the sealing piston 69 moves downward to a new rest position that separates upwards from its previous rest position before the filling operation mode. The increase in the interior volume of the container 71 in the spill mode is equivalent to the volume of liquid spilled back to it. In this way, no upper space is created in the inner volume of the container 71 in the spill mode. In an intermediate sliding position of the container unit 58 during the ascending return stroke, not shown, the transfer ports 55a, 55b are juxtaposed with the lower sealing ring 41 to close as well. At this point in the ascending return stroke no more liquid 2 is able to spill back into container 57. In addition, the measurement chamber 73 now defines the measurement volume of the fluid distributor 1 and is filled with a measured volume of the liquid 2 transferred therein during the filling operation mode. In this particular embodiment, the measurement volume is 50 μL, although, of course, the fluid distributor 1 can be made to produce other measurement volumes depending on the specific application and / or product to be distributed. During the final phase of the ascending return stroke of the container unit 58, in which the container unit 58 slides from the intermediate sliding position to the upper sliding position, the volume of the measurement chamber 73 continues to decrease to increase the hydraulic pressure therein causing the exit valve control member 35 to lift the outlet valve seat 36 and the measured liquid volume 2 to be pumped from the measurement chamber 73 out of the distributor outlet orifice 27 through the surface nozzle interior 21. this is the operation distribution mode of the fluid distributor 1 and is shown schematically in Figure 3. At the end of the return stroke the exit valve control member 35 closes the outlet valve opening 33. As it will be appreciated, a driving cycle of the fluid distributor 1 results in the sealing piston 69 moving upward by a quantity which results in the interior volume of the container 71 being reduced by the measured volume. This ensures that no top space is provided in the front volume of the container 71 thus ensuring that no air is present in it. Accordingly, the repeated use of the fluid distributor 1 causes the sealing piston 60 to move upwardly upwardly until it abuts against the roof 66 of the base of the container 63 where no further distribution has entrainment. The use of the return spring 75 to drive the container unit 58 upwards for the spill and distribution modes removes the inconsistencies of human force from the use of the fluid distributor 1. The pumping force of the fluid distributor 1 is such as to produce an atomized spray having a uniform and relatively small drop size ideal for supplying the user's nasal passage. For example, the fluid distributor 1 can be adapted to distribute the volume measured as a drop spray having a diameter in the range of 10-20 μm. Bearing in mind the above description of the reciprocal pumping action of the container unit 58 in the outer housing 3 along the longitudinal axis XX, it will be noted that the actuation of the drive mechanism 100 of the fluid distributor 1 has three effects sequential, mainly: (1) Create a filling mode in which a volume in excess of the liquid 2 is removed from the container 57 to the measuring chamber 73 by the negative pressure created in the measuring chamber 73 as it expands. (2) Create a spill mode in which the excess volume of the liquid 2 in the measuring chamber 73 is returned to the container 57 to leave a measured volume in the measuring chamber 73 as the measuring chamber 73 starts to compress. (3) A mode of distribution in which the measured volume is pumped from the distributor 1 as the measuring chamber 73 completes its compression at zero volume, or substantially zero. Each additional actuation of the drive mechanism 1 00 results in this cycle of events repeating until the sealing piston 69 abuts the roof 66 of the base of the container 63. In this particular embodiment, the interior volume 71 of the base of the container 63 , which corresponds to the volume of liquid 2 that is distributable from the fluid distributor 1, is 14 ml. Consequently, the fluid distributor 1 has 280 drives. By way of example, the container 57 can be filled with the liquid 2 after it has been assembled in the fluid distributor 1 by forming the sealing piston 69 so that it is capable of being sealedly pierced by a needle-like object. and then sealed again after removal of the needle-like object (e.g., a "septum"). In this way, the liquid could be injected through the sealing piston 69. For this purpose, it will be seen from Figure 1 that the halves of the outer housing 5a, 5b each have a base with a concave cut 81 a, 81 b that, when the outer housing 3 is assembled, provide an opening in the base of the outer housing. The injector could be inserted through the sealing piston 69 through this opening. An alternative filling method is vacuum filling, as will be understood by the person skilled in the art. A description of the drive mechanism 1 00 will now be given with reference to Figures 2 and 3. The drive mechanism is based on the lever in the sense that the drive is effected through a drive lever 1 01 which is mounted to the outer housing 3 in a longitudinal groove 102 thereof formed by the union of opposite sides of the halves of the outer housing 5a, 5b. The actuating lever 101 has a lower end 1 03 which is pivotally connected to the outer housing 3 at a pivot point 105 for pivotal movement about a first lateral pivot axis P1 -P1. The actuating lever 1 01 has an inner surface 1 07 on which a return leaf spring 1 08 depends. The return leaf spring 1 08, which is preferably a fully formed part of the lever 1 01, cooperates with the the base of the container 63 for biasing the actuating lever 101 to an external rest position in which it forms a level adjustment in the outer housing 3, as shown in Figure 2A, for example. This is the position that the actuating lever 1 01 adopts in the rest or non-actuated state of the fluid distributor 1. As illustrated in Figures 2A to 2C, to operate the drive mechanism 100 the user picks up the fluid distributor 1 in his hand H and pushes the actuating lever 101 from its outward rest position towards the outer housing 3 to cause turn around the first pivot shaft P1 -P1 against the return force of the leaf spring 108. The user uses a digit of the hand H which holds the fluid distributor 1 to push the actuating lever 01 to the inside, in this in the case of his thumb T. The actuating lever 101 is returned to the external return position in the release, or relaxation, of the thrust force F on the actuating lever 1 01 by the return spring 108. In this particular embodiment, the user pushes the actuating lever 101 inward after the nozzle 19 has been inserted into one of its nostrils. Mounted on the inner surface 1 07 of the actuating lever 101 at an upper end 1 04 thereof is a laterally extending drive structure 109 which is thus constructed and installed in the fluid distributor 1 to transmit the povital movement inside of the drive lever 101 in a downward driving force in the container unit 58 to effect the downward stroke thereof, as described hereinabove. More particularly, the drive structure 1 09 has an outer generally U-shaped bearing structure 1 1 1 pivotally connected to the drive lever 101 for pivotal movement about a second lateral pivot axis P2-P2 which extends generally parallel to the first pivot axis P1 -P1. The outer U-shaped carrier structure 1 1 1 has a pair of generally parallel side members 1 13a, 1 13b which is mounted on the neck 67 of the container 57 on opposite sides thereof and are connected at first ends thereof to points of pivot 1 15a, 1 15b on the inner surface of actuating lever 107, and a crossbar member 1 17 connecting the side members 1 13a, 1 1 3b in second ends thereof. In this way, the outer U-shaped carrier structure 1 1 1 forms a structure similar to a hollow box with the operating lever 1 01 enclosing the neck 67 of the container 57. The outer U-shaped carrying structure 1 1 1 further has a return leaf spring 1 19a, 1 19b depending on the first end of each side member 1 13a, 1 13b cooperating with the inner surface 1 07 of the actuating lever 101 to deflect the U-shaped carrier structure 1 1 1 to a higher turning position which, for example, is shown in Figure 2A.

The drive structure 109 further comprises a generally U-shaped inner cam structure 121 which is carried by the outer U-shaped carrier structure 1 1 1 inside it. The inner cam structure 121 has a pair of generally parallel lateral members 123a123b which are generally installed parallel to the side members 1 13a, 1 13b of the outer carrier structure 1 1 1. The side members of the inner cam structure 123a, 1 23b are each provided with an outwardly projecting drag 125a, 125b at a first end thereof which is received in a longitudinal side opening 127a, 127b formed in the side member of outer carrier structure, adjacent 1 13a, 1 13b between the ends thereof, first and second. The side members of the inner cam structure 123a, 123b are also each provided with an inwardly projecting cam element 129a, 129b of wing-like cross-section, the function of which is further emphasized hereinafter. The inner cam structure 121 further has a cross bar member 131 which connects the side members 123a, 123b in second ends thereof. The cross-bar member of inner cam structure 131 is configured as a C-shaped fastener that is clamped to the cross-bar member 1 17 of the outer supporting structure 1 1 1 to allow the anterior cam structure 121 to be pivotal. around it The pivotal movement of the anterior cam structure 121 in the outer carrier structure 1 1 1 is governed by sliding movement of the trailers 125a, 125b in the associated sliding apertures 127a, 127b. Specifically, the final limits of the pivotal movement of the inner cam structure 121 around the cross bar member 1 17 of the outer carrier structure 1 1 1 between the pivot, lower and upper positions, are determined respectively by the abutment of the trawls. 125a, 125b with the ends, lower and upper, of the longitudinal sliding openings 1 27a, 127b. In this regard, and referring to Figure 1, the inner cam structure 121 still comprises a return leaf spring 133a, 133b projecting upwards from each opposite end of the crossbar member 131. The return leaf springs 133a, 133b of the inner cam structure 121 each cooperate with a abutment surface 134 on the adjacent outer carrier member side member 13a, 1 13b to deflect the anterior cam structure 121 in the descending direction D to its lower pivot position. In this way, in the rest state of the fluid distributor 1 shown in Figure 2A, for example, the trailers 125a, 125b of the inner cam structure 121 are held against the lower ends of the sliding openings 127a, 127b of the outer carrier structure 1 1 1. The function of the inner cam structure 121 is to convert the inward movement of the actuating lever 101 into a falling cam action in the container unit 58 and thus place the fluid distributor 1 in its filling mode. For this purpose, a pair of cam followers formed in the diametrically opposite pin 135a, 1 35b (only one shown) extend laterally from the neck 67 to the container 57. The cam followers 135a, 135b and cam elements 129a, 129b in the inner cam structure 121 cooperate to produce the downward stroke of the container unit 58 representing the filling mode, as will now be described in more detail. When the fluid distributor 1 is in a state of rest, the parts of the component thereof adopt the relative positions shown in Figure 2A. Notably, the container unit 58 is held in its upper sliding position by the return spring 75, the actuating lever 1 01 is in its pivoted out position, the outer carrier structure 1 1 1 is in its upper pivot position and the inner cam structure 121 is in its lower pivot position. Referring to Figures 2A and 2B, to drive the drive mechanism 1 00 the actuating lever 101 is rotated inwardly, as previously discussed, and this pivotal inward movement is transmitted to the drive structure 109 causing it to move laterally. into. In an initial phase of the inward movement of the drive structure 109, the inner carrier structure 121 moves from its lower pivot position relative to the outer cam structure 1 1 1 to its upper pivot position as a result of the elements of cam 129a, 129b going on the upper surfaces of cam followers 135a, 135b. In other words, the trailers 125a, 125b are caused to slide upwardly in the slidable openings 127a, 127b of the lower end of the sliding openings 127a, 127b to the upper ends with concomitant compression of the leaf springs of the cam structure. nterior 133a, 1 33b. Once the trailers 125a, 125b reach the upper ends of the sliding openings 127a, 127b, the anterior carrier structure 121 is "fixed" in its upper pivot position. Referring to Figures 2C and 2D, the continuous inward movement of the actuating lever 101 leads to an intermediate phase of inward movement of the drive structure 109 in which the cam elements 129a, 129b act on the cam followers 135a, 1 35b to move the container unit 58 in the downward direction D to its lower sliding position against the return force of the return spring 75. This moves the fluid distributor 1 to its mode of filling in which the measuring chamber 73 expands and places in fluid communication with the liquid 2 in the container 57. Referring to Figures 2E and 2F, further inward continuous movement of the actuating lever 101 leads to a phase inward movement terminal of the drive structure 1 09 in which the cam elements 129a, 129b are disengaged from the followers 135a, 135b whereby the return spring 75 operates to return the container unit 58 to its upper sliding position . This moves the fluid distributor 1 sequentially through its modes of operation, spill and distribution, described hereinabove, so that a measured volume of the liquid 2 is discharged from the nasal nozzle 19 as an atomized spray S (Figures 2F). and 3) in the user's nasal cavity. Figure 3 shows in detail how the exit valve control member 35 is lifted from the outlet valve seat 36 during the distribution mode by the hydraulic pressure formed in the measurement chamber 73 once the measurement chamber 73 is Seal after the spill mode. As indicated by the arrows, this allows the liquid 2 to be pumped through the outlet valve opening 33, around the side of the control member of the outlet valve 35, through the opening (s). 40 in the outlet valve control member 35 and out of the outlet hole 27 through the interior nozzle surface 21. Further, once the cam members 129a, 129b are disengaged from the cam followers 135a, 135b the return leaf springs 1 33a, 133b of the inner cam structure 121 are free to slide the trailers 125a, 125b downwardly. in the sliding openings 127a, 127b to return the inner cam structure 121 to its lower sliding position in the outer carrier structure 1 1 1. This is clearly shown in Figure 2F. As shown in Figure 2E, for example, the inward movement of the drive structure 109 is delimited by abutting the cross bar 1 31 of the inner cam structure 121 with an inner surface of the outer housing 3. Once the fluid distributor 1 has distributed the measured liquid volume, the user can remove or reduce the inwardly moving force F on the actuating lever 101 to allow the return leaf spring of the actuating lever 1 08 to return the actuating lever 101 to its outer rest position to reposition the fluid distributor 1 in its rest mode in preparation for its next use. This sequence is shown in Figures 2G to 21 from which it is noted that, in an initial phase of the concomitant return outward movement of the drive structure 109, the cam elements 129a, 129b re-engage the cam followers 135a , 135b, although this time going on the lower cam follower surfaces due to the trailers 125a, 125b now being at the lower ends of the sliding openings 127a, 127b. Further, for the same reason, the outer carrier structure 1 1 1 is tilted to its lower pivot position in the drive lever 101. Towards the end of the return movement of the drive mechanism 100 to its rest state, the cam elements 129a, 129b are disengaged from the cam followers 135a, 135b thus allowing the outer carrier structure 1 1 1 and inner cam structure 121 return to their respective resting states. In this embodiment, the drive lever 1 01, the outer carrier structure 1 1 1 and the inner cam structure 121 are made of a plastic material, for example, ABS, as an example by molding. In a modification of the fluid distributor 1, the container 57 can be replaced by a bag structure which would contract and expand equivalently, and for equivalent function, such as the container 57, for example, being made of a flexible material, for example , a plastic material. An advantage of a bag structure on the container 57 would be that which avoids the need for a complex structure for shrinking and expanding its anterior volume. An example of a bag container 1 57 is shown in Figure 4 with similar reference numbers indicating similar characteristics in the container 57 of Figures 1 to 3. The bag container 157 has a head 159 and a neck 167 corresponding to those in the container 57. The base 163 of the bag container 157 is formed by a bag member that expands / contracts depending on the mode of operation of the fluid distributor 1. Referring now to Figures 5A to 5G, an alternative valve installation for use in the fluid manifold 1 of Figures 1 to 3 is shown. For simplicity, those characteristics in the alternative valve installation that are equivalent to the characteristics of the Valve installation shown in Figures 1 to 3 are ascribed as reference numbers. As shown in Figures 5A to 5G, a relief inlet valve 150 is positioned between the metering chamber 73 and the inner volume 71 of the container 57 that remains closed differently than when the downward stroke of the container unit 58 is initiated. while it is temporarily caused to open by the reduced pressure created in the measuring chamber 73 during this phase. This allows the liquid 2 to enter the measuring chamber 73 before the transfer ports 55a-c (three shown at this time) are placed in fluid communication with the measuring chamber 73. This makes it easier to move the container unit 58 in the downward direction D against the reduced pressure in the measuring chamber 73 until the transfer ports 55a-c are opened, while the liquid 2 enters the measuring chamber 73 therethrough. This results in the pressure in the measuring chamber 73 increasing, which bypasses the inlet valve 150 back to its closed position. The filling of the measuring chamber 73 then continues through the transfer ports 55a-c as previously described with reference to Figures 1 to 3. More particularly, the inlet valve 150 has an inlet valve opening 1 51 in the side lower end wall 49 of the U-shaped sliding member 43 and an input valve control element 153 slidably mounted in a sealed manner in the inlet valve opening 151 for movement between a closed position, shown in FIG. Figure 5A, in which the inlet valve control element 153 is seated in the inlet valve seat 1 52 to close the opening of the inlet valve 151 to prevent fluid communication between the measuring chamber 73 and the volume Front 71 of container 57, and an open position, shown in Figure 5B, in which the inlet valve control element 1 53 moves the valve seat 152 is opened to open the opening of the inlet valve 151 for placing the measurement chamber 73 and the interior volume 71 of the container 57 in fluid communication. The inlet valve 150 further has a return spring 155 which biases the inlet valve control element 1 53 to its closed position. Figure 5A shows that the inlet valve control element 1 53 is biased by the return spring 155 to the closed position in the idle state of the fluid distribution 1. When the drive mechanism 100 is actuated by inward movement of the drive lever 101, the U-shaped sliding member 43 moves downward with respect to the outlet valve body 28 causing the measuring chamber 73 to expand from its contracted state. The reduced or negative pressure that this creates in the measuring chamber 73 pulls the inlet valve control element 153 up from the inlet valve seat 152 to its open position against the return force of the inlet valve return spring 155 The reduced pressure in the measuring chamber 73 then draws the liquid 2 into the measuring chamber 73 of the container 57 through the opening of the inlet valve 151, as shown in Figure 5B. At this point, the transfer ports 55a-c are still closed in the sense that they have not passed under the lower sealing ring 41. As the downward movement of the U43 sliding member continues during the filling operation of the fluid distributor 1, the measuring chamber 73 continues to expand and withdraw the liquid 2 through the inlet valve 150 until the transfer ports 55a-c are opened, so that liquid 2 can be drawn into measurement chamber 73 through them, as shown in Figure 5C. As further shown by Figure 5C, as the pressure in the measuring chamber 73 increases at the liquid intake 2 therein, the return force of the inlet valve return spring 155 deflects the control element from inlet valve 153 back to inlet valve seat 152 to close inlet valve opening 151. The measuring chamber 73 is then filled through the transfer ports 55a-c as the U-shaped sliding member 43 completes its downward stroke. As shown in Figures 5A to 5D, the outlet valve 130 remains closed during the entire down stroke. Specifically, the exit valve control element 135 is deflected by the exit valve return spring 138 in the sealing clutch in the outlet valve opening 133 (the closed position). Figures 5E to 5G represent the upward stroke of the container 57 from which it will be seen that the inlet valve 150 remains closed. Figures 5F and 5G show that after the transfer of the ports 55a-c are closed again by the lower sealing ring 41, the hydraulic pressure in the measuring chamber 73 is sufficient to open the outlet valve 130 to allow the discharge of the measured volume contained in the measuring chamber 73. Specifically, as shown in Figure 5F, the hydraulic pressure created in the measuring chamber 73 forces the exit valve control element 1 35 to slide up into the opening of the outlet valve 133 against the biasing force of the exit valve return spring 138 to allow the liquid in the measurement chamber 73 to pass through the outlet valve 130 to the exit port 27 (the open position) . As shown in Figure 5G, once the measured volume has been distributed, the exit valve return spring 138 returns the exit valve control element 135 to its closed position. The inlet and outlet valve control members 135, 153 can be made of a plastic material, such as polypropylene (PP), for example, by molding. The fluid dispenser 1 described above provides high accuracy dosing of a sealed system that protects liquid 2 from contamination of the external environment. For example, the non-return outlet valve 30; 130 prevents the entry of air. In addition, the inner volume of the container 71 is isolated from the outlet orifice 27 by the outlet valve 30; 130 and the closing of the outlet valve opening 33 by the U-shaped sliding member 43 in the quiescent state of the distributor. According to the foregoing, the liquid may be free of preservative, of particular benefit when the liquid is a medicament. The distributor 1 is also distributed without the need for a submersion tube, and there is no return drain. Other advantages of the fluid dispenser 1 that can be mentioned are, without limitation: • Its compaction due to its installation in line, compared, for example, with the distributor described in International patent application Nos. PCT / EP03 / 08646 and PCT / EP03 / 08647. • The user's need to move only the actuating lever 101 in a single direction to produce a complete drive cycle. Where the dispenser of the invention is a drug distributor, for example, an intranasal drug dispenser, administration of the medicament can be indicated for the treatment of acute, chronic, mild, moderate or severe symptoms or for prophylactic treatment.

The appropriate medicaments can thus be selected, for example, analgesics, for example, codeine, dihydromorphine, ergotamine, fentanyl or morphine; anginal preparations, for example, diltiazem; antiallergics, for example, cromoglycate (for example, as the sodium salt), quetotifen or nedocromil (for example, as the sodium salt); anti-infectives, for example, cephalosporins, penicillins, streptomycin, sulfonamides, tetracyclines and pentamidine; antihistamines, for example, metapyrylene; anti-inflammatories, for example, beclomethasone (e.g., as the dipropionate ester), fluticasone (e.g., as the propionate ester, flunisolide, budesonide, rofleponide, mometasone (e.g., as the furoate ester), ciclesonide, triamcinolone (for example, as acetonide), 6 -9a-difluoro-1 1ß-hydroxy-16a-methyl-3-oxo-17-propionyloxy-and rosta-1,4-diene-7β-carbothioic acid S- (2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl) ester or 6a-9a-difluoro-17a - [(2-furanylcarbonyl) oxy] -1 1 -β-hydroxy-1 6a-methyl-3-oxo-and rosta- 1,4-diene-17β-carbothioic S-fluoromethyl ester, antitussives, for example, noscapine, bronchodilators, for example, albuterol (for example, as sulfate or free base), salmeterol (for example, as xinafoate), ephedrine, adrenaline, fenoterol (for example, as a hydrobromide), formoterol (for example, as fumarate), isoprenaline, metaproterenol, phenylephrine, phenylpropanolamine, pirbuterol (for example, as acetate), reproterol (for example, as rocloride), rimiterol, terbutaline (for example, as sulfate), soetarin, tulobuterol or 4-hydroxy-7- [2 - [[2 - [[3- (2-phenylethoxy) propyl] sulfonyl] ethyl] amino] ethyl -2 (3H) -benzothiazolone; PDE4 inhibitors, for example, cilomilast or roflumilast; leukotriene antagonists, eg, montelukast, pranlukast and zafirlukast; [adenosine 2A agonists, eg, 2R, 3R, 4S, 5R) -2- [6-Amino-2- (1 S-hydroxymethyl-2-phenyl-ethylamino) -purin-9-yl] -5- ( 2-ethyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl) -tetrahydro-furan-3,4-diol (for example, as maleate)]; [inhibitors of integrin a4 for example (2S) -3- [4- ( { [4- (aminocarbonyl) -1-piperidinyl] carbonyl} oxy] phenyl] -2 - [((2S) -4 -methyl-2- { [2- (2-methylphenoxy) acetyl] amino.}. pentanoyl) amino] propanic (eg, as potassium salt or free acid)], diuretics, eg, amiloride, anticholinergics, for example, ipatropium (for example, as bromide), tiotropium, atropine or oxitropium; hormones, for example, cortisone, hydrocortisone or prednisolone; xanthines, for example, aminophylline, choline theophyllinate, lysine theophyllinate or theophylline; therapeutic proteins and peptides, for example, insulin or glucagons. It will be clear to a person skilled in the art that, where appropriate, the medicaments can be used in the form of salts, (for example, as amine or alkali metal salts or as acid addition salts) or as esters (e.g. , lower alkyl esters) or as solvates (eg, hydrates) to optimize the activity and / or stability of the medicament and / or to minimize the solubility of the medicament in the propellant. Preferably, the medicament is an anti-inflammatory compound for the treatment of inflammatory disorders or diseases such as asthma and rhinitis.

The drug can be a glucocorticoid compound, which has anti-inflammatory properties. A suitable glucocorticoid compound has the chemical name: 6cc-9a-d-fluoro-17a- (1 -oxopropoxy) -1 1β-hydroxy-16a-methyl-3-oxo-androsta-1,4-dieno acid 17ß-carbothioic S-fluoromethyl ester (fluticasone propionate). Another suitable glucocorticoid compound has the chemical name: 6a, 9a-difluoro-17a - [(2-furanylcarbonyl) oxy] -1 1ß-hydroxy-1 6 -methyl-3-oxo-androsta-1,4-diene -17ß-carbothioic S-fluoromethyl ester. An additional suitable glucocorticoid compound has the chemical name: 6a, 9a-difluoro-1β-hydroxy-16a-methyl-17a - [(4-methyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carbonyl) oxy] -3 acid -oxo-androsta-1, 4-diene-17β-carbothioic S-fluoromethyl ester. Other suitable anti-inflammatory compounds include NSAI Ds, for example, PDE4 inhibitors, leukotriene antagonists, NOS inhibitors, elastase and tryptase inhibitors, integrin beta-2 antagonists and adenosine 2a agonist. The medicament is formulated as any suitable fluid formulation, particularly a solution (eg, aqueous) formulation or a suspension formulation, optionally containing other pharmaceutically acceptable additive components. The formulation may contain a preservative, although the sealed system of the distributor may deny the need for this. The medication formulation can incorporate two or more medications. The dispenser therein is suitable for dispensing fluid medicament formulations for the treatment of inflammatory and / or allergic conditions of the nasal passages such as rhinitis, for example, temporal or perennial rhinitis as well as other local inflammatory conditions such as asthma, COPD. and dermatitis. A suitable dosage regimen would be for the patient to inhale slowly through the nose subsequent to the nasal cavity that clears. During inhalation the formulation would be applied to one nasal cavity while the other is manually compressed. This procedure would then be repeated for the other nasal cavity. Typically, one or two inhalations per nasal cavity would be administered by the above procedure up to three times a day, ideally once a day. Each dose, for example, can supply 5μg, 50μg, 100μg, 200μg or 250μg of active medication. The precise dosage is either known or easily ascertainable by those skilled in the art. It will be understood by the reader skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described herein with reference to the figures of the drawings, but may be varied to take other appearances within the scope of the appended claims. As an example, the dispenser of the invention does not need to be portable, nor operable by hand. In addition, the dispenser can be used to supply any number of different fluid, medicinal or non-medicinal products, as outlined above. Additionally, the dispenser can form an internal part of a device unit so that the dispenser supplies a measured volume of the fluid product to another internal part of the device unit. For example, the unit can be a distributor unit including the distributor and the measured volume is supplied to transport means in the distributor unit that transports the fluid product to an outlet orifice of the unit for discharge of the unit to the surrounding environment. The means of transport can be such as to change the state of the fluid, for example, the transport means can have a vibrating element, for example, a mesh, which converts a measured volume of liquid to an aerosol or mist which is then directed outside the exit hole. The vibrating element could, for example, be a piezoelectric element or mesh. Finally, to avoid doubt, the inclusion of reference numbers in the claims is purely for illustration, and does not mean that it has a limiting effect on the scope of the claims.

Claims (98)

1. CLAIMS 1. A fluid distributor (1) for distributing a measured volume of a fluid product (2) having: (a) a storage chamber (57) for storing the fluid product therein; (b) a distribution outlet (27) through which the fluid product is distributable from the distributor; (c) a measuring chamber (73) which is adapted to provide the measured volume of the fluid product to be distributed through the movement distribution outlet of the measuring chamber between a contracted state (Fig. 2A) and an expanded state (Fig. 2D), movement of the measuring chamber from the state contracted to the expanded state by placing the measuring and storage chambers in fluid communication to allow the measuring chamber to receive from the storage chamber an excess volume of the fluid product comprising the measured volume and an excess volume; (d) a spill installation (55a, 55b) adapted to spill the excess volume of the fluid product from the measuring chamber; and (e) the measuring chamber is defined by a boundary wall having a first section (43) movably mounted on the distributor to move the measuring chamber between the states, contracted and expanded; and (f) the first section of the boundary wall of the measuring chamber and the storage chamber are provided by a containment unit (58) movably mounted in the distributor. The dispenser according to claim 1, characterized in that the measuring chamber is defined by a boundary wall having a first section movably mounted in the distributor to move the measuring chamber between the expanded and contracted states. 3. The dispenser according to claim 2, characterized in that the transfer port is in the first section. 4. The dispenser according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the transfer port is closed when the measuring chamber is in an intermediate state between its states, expanded and contracted. The dispenser according to claim 4, characterized in that the measuring chamber has a volume corresponding to, or substantially corresponding to, the volume measured when it is in the intermediate state. The dispenser according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the transfer port is closed when the measurement chamber moves between the states, intermediate and contracted, and opens when the measurement chamber moves between the states, intermediate and expanded. 7. The dispenser according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the limit wall has a second section and the measuring chamber moves between its states, expanded and contracted, by movement of the first section in the distributor relative to the second section. The dispenser according to claim 7, characterized in that the second section is fixed in the distributor. The dispenser according to any of claims 2 to 6 and claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the second section is adapted in use to selectively open and close the transfer port. The dispenser according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that an outlet port is provided in the boundary wall through which the measured volume of the fluid product is transferable from the measuring chamber to the dispensing outlet. eleven . The dispenser according to claim 10 when appended to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the outlet port is provided in the second section. The dispenser according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the container unit is adapted in use to operate as a pumping mechanism for filling and emptying the measuring chamber. The dispenser according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the movement of the measuring chamber from its contracted state to its expanded state causes a pressure difference between the measuring and storage chambers which results in the excess volume of the fluid product that creeps towards the measuring chamber. 14. The dispenser according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the movement of the measuring chamber from its expanded state to its contracted state pumps the measured volume of the fluid product out of the measuring chamber. 15. The dispenser according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measuring chamber moves repeatedly between its different states thus allowing the dispenser to repeatedly distribute a measured volume of the fluid product. 16. The dispenser according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further has a valve mechanism that is adapted in practice to keep the dispensing outlet closed until the spill facility spills the excess volume of the fluid from the chamber measurement. The dispenser according to claim 16, characterized in that the valve mechanism is adapted to open the dispensing outlet as the measuring chamber moves to its contracted state and closes the dispensing outlet when the contracted condition is reached . 18. The dispenser according to claim 1, claim 1 or any of claims 12 to 15, when appended to claim 10, characterized in that it further has a valve mechanism in the outlet port that is adapted to allow only the volume Measurement of the fluid product is transferred to the distribution outlet. The dispenser according to claim 1 8, characterized in that the valve mechanism is configured to close the outlet port except when the measuring chamber moves to its contracted state after the installation of. spill pours the excess volume of the fluid product from it. 20. The dispenser according to any of claims 16 to 1, characterized in that the valve mechanism is a non-return valve mechanism. twenty-one . The dispenser according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the dispensing outlet is located in a nozzle of the dispenser. 22. The dispenser according to claim 21, characterized in that the nozzle is configured as a buccal part or a nasal nozzle. The dispenser according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spill installation is adapted to be used in spilling the excess volume of the fluid product in the measuring chamber into the storage chamber. The dispenser according to claim 23 when appended to claim 2, characterized in that the spill installation is adapted to be used in spilling the excess volume of the fluid product into the storage chamber through the transfer port. 25. The dispenser according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the storage chamber is adapted to move from an expanded state to a contracted state in response to excess volume transferring to the measuring chamber. 26. The dispenser according to claim 25 when appended to claim 23 or 24, characterized in that the storage chamber is adapted to move back to an expanded state in response to the excess volume spilling back thereto. The dispenser according to claim 24 when appended to any of claims 16 to 20, characterized in that: the storage chamber is adapted to: (i) move from an expanded state to a contracted state in response to an excess volume transferring to the measuring chamber by movement of the measuring chamber from its contracted state to its expanded state, and (ii) returning to an expanded state in response to excess volume spilling back into it by movement of the measuring chamber from its expanded state to its contracted state; and the valve mechanism has an opening pressure threshold that is greater than the pressure necessary to return the storage chamber to its expanded state whereby the valve mechanism remains closed during the bleeding of the excess volume of the fluid product. The dispenser according to claim 26 or 27 adapted so that in use the volume of the expanded state of the storage chamber before the transfer of the excess volume of the fluid product to the measuring chamber is greater than the volume of its state expanded after the excess volume is recycled therein. 29. The dispenser according to any of claims 25 to 28, characterized in that the storage chamber is adapted to move between its states, expanded and contracted, by pressures created by movement of the measuring chamber between its states, expanded and contracted. The dispenser according to any of claims 25 to 29, characterized in that the storage chamber has a boundary wall having sections, first and second, that are movable relative to another group to bring the storage chamber to its states., expanded and contracted. 31 The dispenser according to claim 30 when appended to claim 2, characterized in that the transfer port is located in the first section of the boundary wall of the storage chamber with the second section of the boundary wall of the storage chamber separating from the storage chamber. transfer port. 32. The dispenser according to claim 31 adapted so that in use the separation of the second section of the boundary wall of the storage chamber of the transfer port reduces after each cycle of movement of the measuring chamber between its states, expanded and contracted. 33. The dispenser according to any of claims 30 to 32, characterized in that the second section of the boundary wall of the storage chamber is slidably mounted in the first section of the boundary wall of the storage chamber. 34. The dispenser according to claim 33, characterized in that the second section of the boundary wall of the storage chamber has a final wall of the storage chamber that is slidably mounted in the first section of the boundary wall of the storage chamber. the storage chamber. 35. The dispenser according to any of claims 30 to 34, characterized in that the first section of the boundary wall of the storage chamber comprises the first section of the boundary wall of the measuring chamber. 36. The dispenser according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the container unit is mounted for translational movement in the distributor. 37. The dispenser according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has an axis along which the container unit, in practice, moves. 38. The dispenser according to claim 37, characterized in that the storage and measurement chambers are located on the axis. 39. The dispenser according to any of claims 37 to 38 when appended to claim 10, characterized in that the output port is located on the axis. 40. The dispenser according to any of claims 37, 38 or 39, characterized in that the distribution outlet is located on the shaft. 41 The dispenser according to claim 40, characterized in that the outlet port and the dispenser outlet are at opposite ends of an axial channel of the dispenser. 42. The dispenser according to claim 21 or any claim appended thereto, characterized in that the storage chamber, the measuring chamber and nozzle are configured in line. 43. The dispenser according to claim 10 or any claim appended thereto, characterized in that the storage chamber, measuring chamber and outlet port are configured in line. 44. The dispenser according to claim 7 or any claim appended thereto, characterized in that the first section of the boundary wall of the measuring chamber is mounted for sliding movement in the second section of the boundary wall of the measuring chamber. 45. The dispenser according to claim 44, characterized in that the first section of the boundary wall of the measuring chamber is slidably mounted in sealed manner in the second section of the boundary wall of the measuring chamber. 46. The dispenser according to any of claims 37 to 41 and claim 44 or claim 45, characterized in that the first section of the boundary wall of the measuring chamber has at least a portion of an axially oriented side of the measuring chamber. 47. The dispenser according to claim 46 when appended to claim 3, characterized in that the transfer port is provided on the axially oriented side of the measuring chamber. 48. The dispenser according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first section of the boundary wall of the measuring chamber has a movable end wall of the measuring chamber. 49. The dispenser according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first section of the boundary wall of the measuring chamber has a generally U-shape 50. The distributor according to claims 46, 48 and 49, characterized in that the end wall of the measuring chamber is present at the base of the U-shape and the side of the measuring chamber is present at the limbs of the U-shape. 51. The dispenser according to claim 46, 47 or 50 when appended to claim 7, characterized in that the second section of the boundary wall of the measuring chamber is present by a structure having an axially oriented surface in which the side of the chamber of measurement is mounted slidably. 52. The dispenser according to claim 51, characterized in that the axially oriented surface of the structure is an outer surface. 53. The dispenser according to claim 7 and any claim appended thereto, characterized in that the second section of the boundary wall of the measuring chamber has a final wall of the measuring chamber. 54. The dispenser according to claim 7 and any claim appended thereto, characterized in that the second section of the boundary wall of the measuring chamber is provided by a generally U-shaped structure. The dispenser according to claim 51 or 52 and claims 53 and 54, characterized in that the base of the U-shaped structure has the final wall of the measuring chamber and the limbs of the U-shaped structure have the axially oriented surface. 56. The dispenser according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first section of the boundary wall of the measuring chamber is formed by a female depression in an outer surface of the container unit. 57. The dispenser according to claim 56 when appended to claim 7, characterized in that the second section of the boundary wall of the measuring chamber is formed as a male projection which is inserted into the female depression. 58. The dispenser according to claim 56 or 57, characterized in that the depression extends in the storage chamber. 59. The dispenser according to claim 58, characterized in that the storage chamber surrounds the depression. 60. The dispenser according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least a portion of the storage chamber surrounds the measuring chamber. 61 The dispenser according to claim 60, characterized in that the at least one portion of the storage chamber is installed concentrically with the measuring chamber. 62. The dispenser according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measuring chamber has zero volume, or substantially zero volume, when it is in its contracted state. 63. The dispenser according to claim 62 when appended to claim 7, characterized in that the first and second sections of the boundary wall of the measuring chamber abut in the contracted state. 64. The dispenser according to claim 63, characterized in that the first and second sections of the boundary wall of the measuring chamber are complementary. 65. The dispenser according to claim 63 or 64, characterized in that the sections, first and second, are nested in the contracted state. 66. The dispenser according to claim 1 or any claim appended thereto, characterized in that the first section of the boundary wall of the measuring chamber closes the outlet port in the contracted state of the measuring chamber. 67. The dispenser according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is portable. 68. The dispenser according to any of the preceding claims having a manually operable drive mechanism for actuating the movement of the measuring chamber between its different states. 69. The dispenser according to claim 68 characterized in that the actuating mechanism has a manually engagable actuating member that operatively engages the container unit to move the container unit so that the measuring chamber completes a cycle between its different states. 70. The dispenser according to claim 69, characterized in that the actuating member movably mounts in the distributor, the movement of the actuating member causing a complete movement cycle of the measuring chamber between its different states. 71 The dispenser according to claim 70 adapted so that the movement of the actuator member in a single direction causes a complete cycle of the measuring chamber between its different states. 72. The dispenser according to claim 71, characterized in that the predetermined direction is inward with respect to the dispenser. 73. The dispenser according to claim 72, characterized in that the actuator member is deflected in an outward direction. 74. The dispenser according to any of claims 69 to 73, characterized in that the actuator member is a trigger member. 75. The dispenser according to any of claims 69 to 74, characterized in that the actuator member is pivotally mounted in the dispenser. 76. The dispenser according to any of claims 69 to 75, characterized in that the dispensing outlet is located at an upper end of the dispenser and the actuator member is mounted on one side of the dispenser. 77. The dispenser according to claims 75 and 76, characterized in that the actuator member has a pivot point at a lower end thereof. 78. The dispenser according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has a condition of rest in which the measuring chamber is in the contracted state. 79. The dispenser according to claim 78 when appended to any of claims 68 to 77, characterized in that in the rest condition the container unit is placed in a position of rest in the dispenser and the actuating mechanism is adapted to move the container. receiving unit through a cycle that begins, and ends, in the rest position and passes through an initial position, in which the measuring chamber is in its expanded state, in the drive of the drive mechanism. 80. The dispenser according to claim 79, characterized in that the drive mechanism deflects the container unit to the rest position. 81 The dispenser according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has a fluid product contained in the storage chamber. 82. The dispenser according to claim 81, characterized in that the fluid product is selected from the group consisting of a liquid, viscous product, a powder and a gas. 83. The dispenser according to claim 81 or 82, characterized in that the fluid product is a medicament. 84. The dispenser according to claim 81, 82, or 83, characterized in that the fluid product is free of preservative. 85. The dispenser according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spill installation is adapted so that the excess volume of the fluid product causes it to spill out of the measuring chamber by movement of the measuring chamber from the expanded state towards the been contracted. 86. The dispenser according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measuring chamber has an input port through which the storage chambers are able to be placed in fluid communication and furthermore in which there is an associated inlet valve mechanism. with the inlet port for selectively opening and closing the inlet port, wherein the inlet valve mechanism is adapted to open the inlet port when the measuring chamber moves from its contracted state to its expanded state. 87. The dispenser according to claim 86, characterized in that the inlet valve mechanism is a non-return valve. 88. The dispenser according to claim 86 or 87 when appended to claim 13 adapted so that the pressure difference causes the inlet valve mechanism to open the inlet port. 89. The dispenser according to claim 86, 87 or 88, characterized in that the inlet valve mechanism has a deflection mechanism for deflecting the inlet valve mechanism to close the inlet port. 90. The dispenser according to any of claims 86 to 89 adapted so that the inlet valve mechanism opens the input port in an initial phase of movement of the measuring chamber from its contracted state to its expanded state. 91 The dispenser according to any of claims 86 to 90 adapted so that in the opening of the moving input port of the measuring chamber of its contracted state to its expanded state, the open inlet port is the only flow path for the fluid product enters the chamber of measurement of the storage chamber. 92. A distributor unit having a distributor according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the distribution outlet is a distribution outlet of the unit through which the measured volume of the fluid product is, in use, distributed to the external environment. 93. A device unit having a dispenser according to any of claims 1 to 91, wherein the distribution outlet is an internal outlet of the unit through which, in use, the measured volume of the fluid product is distributed in the unity. 94. The device unit according to claim 93 further having a distribution outlet opening to the external environment around the unit and means for transporting the fluid product distributed through the internal outlet to the external environment through the distribution outlet. . 95. The device unit according to claim 94, characterized in that the means of transport is such as to change the state of the fluid product. 96. The device unit according to claim 94 or 95, characterized in that the transport means has a vibrating element for airing a liquid distributed by the distributor. 97. The device unit according to claim 96, characterized in that the vibrating element is a piezoelectric element. 98. A fluid manifold substantially as described hereinbefore with reference to, and as illustrated by, Figures 1 to 3, Figures 1 to 4, Figures 1 to 3 and 5 or Figures 1 to 5 of the accompanying drawings.