MXPA06006493A

MXPA06006493A - Mobile desalination plants and systems, and methods for producing desalinated water

Info

Publication number: MXPA06006493A
Application number: MXPA/A/2006/006493A
Authority: MX
Inventors: Gordon Andrew
Original assignee: Gordon Andrew W
Priority date: 2003-12-11
Filing date: 2006-06-08
Publication date: 2007-04-20

Abstract

Systems, methods, and apparatus for desalinating water are provided. A vessel includes a water intake system, a reverseosmosis system, a concentrate discharge system, a permeate transfer system, a power source, and a control system. The concentrate discharge system includes a plurality of concentrate discharge ports.

Description

PLANTS AND MOBILE SYSTEMS FOR DESALI? IZACIO ?, AND METHODS TO PRODUCE DESALINATED WATER.

PRIORITY CLAIMING This application is a continuation in parts of the Patent Application of E.U. No. 10 / 630,351, filed July 30, 2003, which claims priority for the Provisional Application of E.U. Do not . 60 / 416,907, filed October 8, 2002 and for the US Patent Application. ?or. 10 / 453,206 filed on June 3, 2003, and converted to the Provisional Application of E.U. ?or. 60 / 505,341, July 14, 2003, the benefit of each of which is claimed by this application, and each of which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference. FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to systems, methods and apparatus for the provision of filtered water. The modalities include systems, methods and apparatus for the desalination and purification of water, including the removal of dissolved solids and pollutants from seawater and brackish water. The systems of the present invention can be advantageously used to provide potable or otherwise purified water, from seawater or a source of brackish water.

BACKGROUND The antiquity of water supply systems is well established. The practice of water treatment goes back to at least the (2000) A.C. when the Sanskrit writings on traditional medicine recommended the storage of water in copper containers, the exposure of water to sunlight, the filtering through coal and the boiling of infected water for the purpose of making drinking water. Subsequently, two significant advances helped establish drinking water treatment. In 1685, the Italian doctor Lu Antonio Porzio designed the first multistage filter. Prior to that, in 1680, the microscope was developed by Anton Van Leeuwenhoe. With the discovery of the microscope, allowing the detection of microorganisms and the ability to filter those microorganisms, the first water filtering facility was built in the town of Paisley, Scotland, in 1804 by John Gibb. For three years, the filtered water sent by pipeline directly to consumers in Glasgow, Scotland. In 1806, a large water treatment plant started operating in Paris, with filters made of sand and coal, which had to be renewed every six hours. The pumps were driven by horses working in three shifts. The water was then sedimented for 12 hours before filtration. In the 1870s, Dr. Robert Koch and Dr. Joseph Lister, showed that microorganisms in water supplies caused diseases, and then began the search for effective means to treat water as raw material. In 1906, in eastern France, ozone was used as a disinfectant for the first time. A few years later, in the United States, work on water in Jersey City in 1908 is the first installation in America to use sodium hypochlorite to disinfect the water supply. Also in the same year, the Bubbly Creek plant in Chicago, Illinois, instituted chlorination disinfection. For several decades thereafter, work began on improving filtration and disinfection efficiency. By the 1920's the filtration technology had developed so that pure, clean, bacteria-free, sediment-free, and particle-free water was available. During World War II, allied military forces operated in arid areas and initiated the desalination of ocean water to supply the troops with fresh drinking water. In 1942, the Public Health Service of the United States adopted the first set of standards for drinking water, and the membrane filter process for bacteriological analysis was approved in 1957. In the early 1960s, more than 19,000 municipal water systems were in operation throughout the United States. With the proclamation in 1974 of the Safe Drinking Water Act, the federal government, the public health community, and water services worked together to provide safe water production for the United States. The world has a shortage of drinking water to drink and water for agriculture, irrigation and industrial use. In some parts of the world, prolonged drought and chronic water shortages have slowed economic growth and may eventually lead to the abandonment of certain population centers. In other parts of the world, there is an abundance of fresh water, but the water is polluted with pollution such as chemicals from industrial sources and agricultural practices. The world faces severe challenges in our ability to meet our future water needs. Today there are 300 million people living in areas with severe water shortages. This number is expected to increase to 3 billion by 2025. About 9,500 children die around the world each day due to poor water quality, according to United Nations reports. The growth of the population has increased the demand for drinking water supplies, while the water available worldwide has not changed. In the decades to come, in addition to improving the efficiency of water re-use and promoting water conservation, we will need to form additional water sources at a cost and in a way that supports urban, rural and agricultural prosperity and protection environmental There has been a 300 percent increase in water use over the past 50 years. Each continent is experiencing declines in its water tables, particularly in the Great Plains of the South and the Southwest of the United States, in North Africa, Southern Europe, the Middle East, Southeast Asia, China and everywhere. Evaporation and reverse osmosis are two common methods to produce drinking water from seawater or brackish water. Evaporation methods involve the heating of seawater or brackish water, the condensate of water vapor produced, and the isolation of the distillate. Reverse osmosis is a membrane process in which the solutions are desalinated or purified using a relatively high hydraulic pressure as the driving force. Salt ions or other contaminants are excluded or rejected by the reverse osmosis membrane while pure water - - It is forced through the membrane. Reverse osmosis can remove approximately 95% to approximately 99% of the dissolved salts, silica, colloids, biological materials, pollution and other contaminants in the water. The only inexhaustible source of water is the sea. Desalination of seawater using a land-based plant in large enough quantities to supply a larger population center or large-scale irrigation projects presents many problems. Ground-based plants that desalinate seawater through evaporation methods consume enormous amounts of energy. Terrestrial plants that desalinate water through reverse osmosis methods generate enormous amounts of effluents comprising dissolved solids removed from seawater. This effluent, also referred to as concentrate, has such a high concentration of salts, such as sodium chloride, sodium bromide, etc., and other dissolved solids, that the simple discharge of the concentrate into the waters surrounding the desalination plant Earth could eventually kill the marine life that surrounds it and damage the ecosystem. In addition, the concentrate that emerges from terrestrial reverse osmosis desalination plants has a higher density than seawater, and from there, the concentrate sediments and does not mix quickly when conventionally discharged directly into the water that - surrounds a terrestrial plant. Even if the health of marine life and the ecosystem surrounding a ROE desalination plant is not a concern, the discharge of the concentrate into the water surrounding the terrestrial plant could eventually increase the salinity of the incoming water for the plant and contaminate the membranes of the reverse osmosis system. If a membrane in a reverse osmosis system is highly contaminated, it must be removed and treated to remove the contaminating material. In extreme cases, the contaminating material can not be removed, and the membrane is discarded. As a result of these factors, drinking water produced by terrestrial reverse osmosis desalination plants is expensive and has significant engineering problems for effluent disposal. Hence, despite the global shortage of drinking water, only a small percentage of the world's water is produced by desalination or purification of water using reverse osmosis methods. Therefore, there is a need for a method and system for the consistent and reliable supply of potable water using desalination technology that does not present the engineering and environmental problems that a conventional terrestrial desalination plant presents. The systems on board of known water desalination vessels are designed and operate for water consumption on board and therefore are designed and operated in accordance with various maritime standards. Maritime standards for water desalination and water quality systems and plants are less stringent than the rules governing the design and operation of terrestrial desalination plants and systems, especially those promulgated by the United States, the United Nations and the World Organization. Of the health. With the worldwide increase in the shortage of drinking water, there is a need to alleviate this shortage. Therefore, there is a demonstrable need for methods and systems that can be used at sea to provide desalinated water for onshore consumption. In addition, desalinated water produced in the sea can be stored, maintained and transported in a manner consistent with those regulations and norms that govern the design and operation of terrestrial water desalination plants and systems. SUMMARY The present invention overcomes the aforementioned disadvantages of the prior art and provides systems, apparatus and methods for the provision of water. A system of the present invention can be advantageously used to provide drinking water, drinking water and / or water for industrial uses.

The systems of the present invention include a vessel. The vessel includes systems, methods and apparatus to purify and / or desalinate the water in which the vessel floats, including brackish and / or polluted water from the sea, lakes, rivers, straits, bays, estuaries, lagoons, etc. The water produced in the boat can be delivered to land through the use of transport tanks, pipes, transfer ports and the like. The water can be transferred in bulk and / or can be packed in containers before transport. The water can be stored in the production vessel, accompanying vessels and / or other means of storage before being transported to land. The methods of the present invention include the production of water in a vessel, including drinking water or adequate water for residential, industrial or agricultural use, in the vessel and the subsequent transportation of water to land. The methods additionally comprise the storage and / or packing of the water. Apparatus of the present invention includes the vessel and associated apparatus for the production, transport, storage, cooling and / or packing of the water. The embodiments of apparatuses of the present invention are described in detail herein. The systems and methods of the present. invention can employ an apparatus of the present invention and / or can use other apparatus and equipment. The embodiments of the present invention can take a wide variety of forms. In an exemplary embodiment, a vessel includes a water intake system, a reverse osmosis system, a concentrate discharge system, a filter transfer system, a power source and a control system. The water inlet system includes a water inlet and a pump for the water inlet. The reverse osmosis system includes a high pressure pump and a reverse osmosis membrane. The concentrate discharge system includes a plurality of concentrate discharge ports. The filtrate transfer system includes a transfer pump. The reverse osmosis system is in communication with the water intake system. The concentrate discharge system and the filtrate transfer system are in communication with the reverse osmosis system. The power source is in communication with the pumps of the water intake system, the reverse osmosis system and the filter transfer system. The control system is in communication with the water intake system, the reverse osmosis system, the concentrate system, the filter transfer system and the energy source. In a further example embodiment, a method - to produce a filtrate on a floating structure includes the production of a concentrate that is discharged into the surrounding water. The concentrate is discharged through a concentrate discharge system that includes a plurality of concentrate discharge ports. In another example embodiment, a system includes a first vessel having means for producing a filtrate and means for mixing a concentrate with seawater and means for delivering the filtrate from the first vessel to a terrestrial distribution system. In another example modality, a system for the provision of disaster relief services from a maritime environment includes a first vessel and means for the delivery of desalinated water to the coast. The first vessel is operable to produce desalinated water. In yet another example modality, a system to mitigate impacts to the environment of a desalination system of a vessel (that produces a filtrate and a concentrate) in a maritime environment, includes means to regulate a salinity level of the solution Concentrate discharged from the vessel to the body of water surrounding it and means to regulate a concentrate temperature to substantially equalize the temperature of the water surrounding the vessel. In yet another example mode, one method includes - provide a first operable vessel to produce a filtrate and to mix a concentrate and deliver the filtrate from the first vessel to a terrestrial distribution system. In a further example mode, a method to provide relief to an area impacted by a disaster includes the provision of a first operable vessel to produce desalinated water and deliver the desalinated water to the coast. The first vessel includes a first tonnage. In a further example mode, a method to mitigate the environmental impacts of water desalination (the water desalination process produces a filtrate and a concentrate) includes reducing the salinity level of the concentrate and regulating a concentrate temperature to substantially equalize the temperature of the water in the area close to the discharge of the concentrate. In a further exemplary embodiment, a system comprises a vessel comprising means for producing energy and terrestrial means for transferring energy from the vessel to a terrestrial distribution system. In a further exemplary embodiment, a system comprises an operable vessel for producing desalinated water, means for delivering the desalinated water from the vessel to a terrestrial water distribution system, and means for transferring the electricity from the vessel to a distribution system terrestrial electric In a further exemplary embodiment, a vessel comprises a hull comprising a first surface and a second surface, means for producing desalinated water, means for mixing a concentrate with seawater, and means for storing the desalinated water. The water storage means comprises a tank disposed within the hull. The tank comprises a first surface and a second surface. The second surface of the tank being separated from the first surface of the hull. In a further exemplary embodiment, one method comprises providing an operable vessel for generating power and transferring energy from the vessel to a terrestrial distribution system. In a further exemplary embodiment, one method comprises providing an operable vessel to produce desalinated water and to generate electricity, delivering the desalinated water produced by the vessel to a terrestrial water distribution network and transferring the electricity generated by the vessel to a network of terrestrial electrical distribution. In yet a further exemplary embodiment, one method comprises producing desalinated water, mixing a concentrate with seawater, and storing the desalinated water in a tank. The tank is arranged in a hull of a vessel. The helmet comprises a first surface and a second surface. The tank comprises a first surface and a second surface. The second tank surface is separated from the first surface of the hull. An advantage of the present invention may be to use a drought-resistant water source. Another advantage of the present invention can be to provide a desalination facility suspended in the sea that is less expensive than a terrestrial desalination facility. Another advantage of the present invention can be to provide a safer desalination facility. Another advantage of the present invention can be to mitigate the environmental impacts of a desalination facility. Another advantage of the present invention can be to discharge a concentrate solution having a level of salinity equal to a level of salinity of the water surrounding the desalination facility. Another advantage of the present invention can be to discharge a concentrate having a temperature substantially equal to a temperature of the water surrounding the desalination facility. Another advantage of the present invention can be to provide large quantities of desalinated water to local coastal and maritime anywhere in the world or to distant locations from a body of water through the use of a distribution system. Another advantage of the present invention may be to provide relief for areas impacted by a disaster. Another advantage of the present invention may be to provide the production and mobile storage of desalinated water. Another advantage of the present invention can be to minimize the amount of terrestrial infrastructure. Another advantage of the present invention can be to provide a desalination facility in a shorter amount of time than is necessary for a terrestrial desalination installation. Another advantage of the present invention can be to provide a desalination facility that can be moved to avoid natural disruptions and calamities. Another advantage of the present invention may be to deliver emergency supplies and pre-packaged water. Another advantage of the present invention may be to remedy the aquifers and marshes. Another advantage of the present invention may be to provide a strategic Federal water reserve system. Another advantage of the present invention can be - provide marketable and transportable surplus water. Another advantage of the present invention can be to provide a modular water plant design that can be improved and modified. Another advantage of the present invention may be to deliver electricity to areas suffering from an acute shortage of energy. Another advantage of the present invention can be to generate and transfer electricity to the coast while desalinated water is discharged from a vessel. Another advantage of the present invention may be to vary the amount of desalinated water provided to a location by substituting vessels and / or plants of different size. Another advantage of the present invention can be to easily relocate the location of a water intake source and / or concentrate discharge, as desired. A further advantage of the present invention may be to produce, store and maintain water on board a vessel, consistent with the standards and requirements of terrestrial desalination systems and plants. Another advantage of the present invention is that it can reduce or eliminate the intake of water containing concentrate discharge in the water intake system.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The accompanying drawings, which are part of this specification, help to illustrate the embodiments of the invention. In the drawings, like numerals are used to indicate like elements through them. Figure IA is a side view of a vessel according to one embodiment of the present invention. Figure IB is a plan view of the vessel of Figure 1A. Figure 2 is a schematic of a system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 is a bottom view of the boat of Figure A. Figure 4 is a side view of a boat according to another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5A is a perspective view of a dispersion device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5B is a sectional view of the grate of Figure 5A taken along the line I-I. Figure 6A is a side view of a boat according to another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6B is a side view of a boat according to another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 7 is a front view of a boat according to another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 8 is a schematic of a system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 9 is a perspective view of a mixing tank according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 10 is a top view of a boat according to another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 11 is a top view of a boat according to another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 12 is a side view of a boat according to another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 13 is a schematic of a system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 14 is a schematic of a system according to another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 15 is a schematic of a system according to another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 16 is a schematic of a system according to another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 17 is a schematic of a system according to another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 18 is a schematic of a system according to another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 19A is a top view of a boat according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 19B is a sectional view taken along lines I-I of Figure 19A. Figure 20A is a diagram of a method according to one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 20B is a diagram of another embodiment of the method of Figure 17A. Figure 20C is a diagram of another embodiment of the method of Figure 17A. Figure 21 is a method according to another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 22 is a method according to another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 23 is a method according to another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 24 is a method according to another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 25 is a method according to another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 26 is a method according to another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 27 is a side view of a boat according to another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 28 is a side view of a boat according to another embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION The present invention provides systems, methods and apparatus to produce water. In one embodiment, a system of the present invention comprises: a vessel for the production of water and a distribution system for distributing the produced water to the end users. The water distribution system includes devices for pumping, tubing, storage, transportation, packing or anything else in the distribution of the water produced in the vessel. For the purposes of this specification, unless otherwise indicated, all numbers that express quantities of ingredients, reaction conditions, and so on, used in the specification, are understood to be modified in all instances by the term "around " Accordingly, unless otherwise indicated, the - Numerical parameters set forth in the following specification are approximations that may vary depending on the desired properties that are expected to be obtained by the present invention. Very at least, and not as an attempt to limit the application of the doctrine of equivalents for the scope of the claims, each numerical parameter should at least be interpreted in light of the number of significant digits reported and by the application of rounding techniques ordinary. Although the numerical ranges and parameters that establish the broad scope of the invention are approximations, the numerical values established in the specific examples are reported as accurately as possible. Any numerical value, however, inherently contains certain errors that necessarily result from the standard deviation found in their respective measurement tests. Moreover, all the ranges disclosed herein must be understood to cover each and every sub-range contained therein, and each number between the extreme points. For example, an established range of "1 to 10" should be considered to include each and every sub-range between (and including) the minimum value of 1 and the maximum value of 10; that is, all sub-ranges that begin with a minimum value of 1 or more, for example 1 to 6.1, and ending with a maximum value of 10 or less, for example 5.5 to 10, as well as all sub-ranges starting and ending between the end points, for example 2 to 9, 3 to 8, 3 to 9, 4 to 7 and finally to each number 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 content inside the range. Additionally, any reference referred to as being "incorporated in it" must be understood as being incorporated in its entirety. It is further noted that, as used in this specification, the singular forms "a", "an", ("one") and "the" ("the", "it") include plural referents unless it is expressly unequivocally limited to a referent. The embodiments of the present invention comprise systems, methods and apparatus for desalinating water from seawater, brackish water and / or contaminated water. The systems, methods and apparatus for desalinating water described herein may be generally operable to be used at sea, on board a vessel, to provide desalinated water consistent with the standards and requirements generally imposed on plants and water desalination systems. terrestrial The invention described herein, however, is not limited to applications based on the sea, but is provided as one such modality. Referring now to the drawings, and in particular, to Figures 1 and 2, the present invention provides a boat 101 comprising: a water purification system 200 comprising a water intake system 201 comprising a water intake 202 and a water intake pump 203; a reverse osmosis system 204 comprising a high pressure pump 205 and a reverse osmosis membrane 206; a concentrate discharge system 207 comprising a plurality of concentrate discharge ports; a filter transfer system 208 comprising a transfer pump 209; an energy source 103; and a control system 210. The reverse osmosis system 204 is in communication with the water intake system 201, and the concentrate discharge system 207 and the filtrate transfer system 208 are in communication with the reverse osmosis system. 204. The power source 103 is in communication with the water intake system 201, the reverse osmosis system 204 and the filtrate transfer system 208. The control system 210 is in communication with the water intake system 201 , the reverse osmosis system 204, the concentrate discharge system 207, the filtrate transfer system 208 and the energy source 103. The terms "communication" or "communication" mean to put in contact, connect or connect mechanically, electrically or otherwise, either by direct, indirect or operational means.

- The water intake system 201 supplies water to the high pressure pump 205 and the high pressure pump 205 pushes the water through the reverse osmosis membrane 206, whereby the concentrate is created on the high pressure side of the water. the reverse osmosis membrane 206. The concentrate is discharged into the water surrounding the vessel 101 through the plurality of concentrate discharge ports of the concentrate discharge system 207. On the low pressure side of the osmosis membrane Inverse 206, the created filtrate can be transferred from the vessel 101 through the filtrate transfer system 208. The vessel 101 can further comprise a propulsion device 102 in communication with the energy source 103. A separate power source can provide energy to each of the water intake system 201, the reverse osmosis system 204, the filter transfer system 208, and the propulsion device 102. For example, ca One of the water inlet pump 203, the high pressure pump 205 and the filter transfer pump 209 can be in communication with a separate power source. The vessel 101 can be either a self-propelled vessel, a moored, towed, pushed or integrated barge, or a flotilla or fleet of such vessels. Boat 101 can be manned or not - manned The vessel 101 can be either a single-hulled or double-hulled vessel. In an alternative embodiment, a power source can provide power to a combination of two or more of the water intake system 201, the reverse osmosis system 204, the filter transfer system 208, and the propulsion device 102. For example , the electric power for the high pressure pump 205 can be provided by a generator driven by the power source for the propulsion device of the vessel, such as a main engine of the vessel. In such a mode, a gear or transmission for the power increase could be installed between the main motor and the generator to obtain the required synchronous speed. In addition, an additional coupling between the propulsion device and the main engine allows the main engine to propel the generator while the vessel is not advancing. Moreover, an independent power source (not shown), such as a diesel, steam or gas turbine, or a combination thereof, can provide power to the reverse osmosis system 204, the propulsion device 102, or both. In another embodiment, the energy source of the water purification system 200 is dedicated to the water purification system 200 and is not in communication with any propulsion device of the vessel 101.

In another embodiment, the plurality of concentrate discharge ports of concentrate discharge system 207 may act as an auxiliary propulsion device for vessel 101 or act as the sole propulsion device of vessel 101. Some or all of the concentrates they can be propelled to provide unused or emergency propulsion. In another embodiment, the energy source may comprise electricity-producing windmills or water propellers that take advantage of the flow of air or water to generate power for the water purification system or the operation of the vessel. The water intake system 201 is capable of taking water from the body of water surrounding the vessel and supplying it to the reverse osmosis system 204. In one embodiment, the water intake 202 of the water intake system 201 comprises one or more openings in the case of the boat below the water line. An example of a water intake 202 is a water box. The water is taken to the vessel through the water inlet 202 comprising the one or more openings, passes through the water inlet pump 203, and is supplied to the high pressure pump 205 of the reverse osmosis system 204 The reverse osmosis system 204 comprises one - high pressure pump 205 and a reverse osmosis membrane 206. Reverse osmosis membranes are composite construction. A widely used form comprises two films of a complex polymeric resin which together define a passage for salt. In this process, the pre-treated starting water is pressed through a semipermeable barrier which disproportionately favors the permeal of the water on the permeal of the salt. The pressurized inlet water enters an organized arrangement of pressure vessels containing individual reverse osmosis membrane elements, where it is separated into two streams of process, filtrate and concentrate. The separation occurs as the feed water flows from the inlet to the outlet membrane. The fed water first enters through uniformly spaced channels and flows through the surface of the membrane with a portion of the fed water permeating the membrane barrier. The balance of the water supply flows parallel to the surface of the membrane to leave the system unfiltered. The concentrate stream is not named because it contains the concentrated ions rejected by the membrane. The concentrate stream is also used to maintain a minimum cross flow rate through the turbulence membrane element provided by the channel spacer of the brine feeder. The type of reverse osmosis membrane used in the present invention is limited only by its compatibility with water and / or contaminants in the surrounding body of water. The high pressure pump 205, operable to push the starting water through the reverse osmosis membrane 206, comprises any pump suitable for generating the hydraulic pressure necessary to push the starting water through the reverse osmosis membrane 206. In one embodiment, the vessel 101 may comprise a plurality of reverse osmosis systems 104, also referred to as trains . The plurality of reverse osmosis systems can be installed on the deck of the vessel 105. The plurality of reverse osmosis systems 104 can also be installed on other parts of the vessel 101. The plurality of reverse osmosis systems 104 can also be installed at multiple levels . For example, each reverse osmosis system of the plurality of reverse osmosis systems 104 can be installed in a separate container. Several containers can be placed one above the other to optimize the use of the deck 105 of the vessel 101 and to decrease the time and expense associated with the construction of the water purification system on the vessel 101. The plurality of reverse osmosis systems 104 they are preferably installed in parallel, but other configurations are possible.

- The filter transfer system 208 is capable of transferring the produced filtrate to filtrate delivery means, such as a trawl barge unit or a tank vessel. In one embodiment, the filter transfer system 208 is capable of transferring the produced filtrate to filtrate delivery means comprising tank transfer means while the vessel 101 and the tank transfer means are navigating. The filter transfer system 208 is also capable of transferring the produced filtrate to filtrate delivery means comprising a pipe in communication with the filtrate transfer system 208. The control system 210 comprises any system capable of controlling the operation of the system of water inlet 201, reverse osmosis system 204, concentrate discharge system 207, filter transfer system 208 and energy source 103 in vessel 101. Control system 210 is located in a suitable location according to the needs of the vessel 101. The control system 210 may further comprise any system capable of controlling the operation of the vessel 101. In one embodiment, the control system may comprise a processor for making autonomous operational decisions to handle the boat 101 and the water purification system 200. A system of - - Specific control planned is the TLX software from Auspice Corp., although other systems may be included in the design, such as a programmable logic control (PLC) system. The processor is generally in communication with the control system 210. Suitable processors include, for example, digital logic processors capable of processing the input, executing algorithms and generating outputs. Such processors may include a microprocessor, an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) and state machines. Such processors include, or may be in communication with, means, for example computer readable media, which store instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform the steps described therein as carried out or assisted by a processor. processor. One embodiment of a suitable computer-readable medium includes an electronic, optical, magnetic or other storage or transmission device, capable of providing a processor, such as the processor in a network server, with computer-readable instructions. Other examples of suitable means include, but are not limited to, floppy disk, CD-ROM, magnetic disk, memory chip, ROM, RAM, ASIC, configured processor, any optical medium, magnetic tape or any other magnetic medium or any other means. another medium that a computer processor can read. Also, various other forms of computer-readable media can transmit or carry instructions to a computer, including routers, public or private networks or other devices or transmission channels. In one embodiment, the control system 210 comprises operable security systems for controlling physical access to the control system 210. In another embodiment, the control system 210 comprises operable network security systems for the electronic control of access to the control system. control 210. The concentrate discharge system 207 is configured to increase the mixing of the concentrate discharged into the surrounding body of water. The plurality of concentrate discharge ports of concentrate discharge system 207 may be physically located above or below the water line of vessel 101. Referring now to Figure 3, in one embodiment, a plurality of ports of concentrate discharge 301 are physically located in such a way that a portion of the concentrate discharged through the plurality of discharge ports 301 is capable of being mixed with the water surrounding the vessel 101 by a propulsion device 102 of the vessel 101. In an embodiment comprising a plurality of reverse osmosis systems, a separate concentrate discharge system is connected to each reverse osmosis system. Referring now to Figure 4, in another embodiment comprising a plurality of reverse osmosis systems, the concentrate discharged from each reverse osmosis system is collected by the concentrate discharge system 207 into one or more longitudinally oriented pipe heads, boxes structures of beams or tunnels. At intervals along the vessel 101, a plurality of discharge ports 401 allow the concentrate to be discharged over a substantial portion of the length of the vessel 101. Referring now to Figure 5, in another embodiment of the vessel discharge system concentrate 207, each discharge port incorporates a grate 507 designed to assist in mixing having divergently oriented openings 502. A lattice with protrusions in the lattice openings may also be used to assist in mixing. In another embodiment, the concentrate discharge ports of the concentrate discharge system 207 are configured in a manner similar to the exhaust nozzles of an F-15 jet aircraft, such that the concentrate discharge ports can be change its circumference and can also change the flow direction of the concentrate. Temperatures in the oceans decrease with increasing depth. The temperature ranges extend from 30 ° C on the sea surface to 1 ° C on the seabed. The areas of the oceans that undergo an annual change in surface heating have a surface layer mixed by high temperature wind in the summer. This layer mixed by the wind is closely isothermal and can vary from 10 to 20 meters deep from the surface. Below the layer mixed by the wind, the temperature of the water can decrease rapidly with the depth to form a seasonal thermocline layer that has sudden change of vertical temperature. During the winter cooling and mixing by the increased wind on the surface of the ocean, the convective inversion and mixing erases the seasonal thermocline layer and descends the isothermal layer mixed by the wind. The seasonal thermocline layer can be reformed with summer temperatures. At depths below the layer mixed by the wind and any seasonal thermocline, a permanent thermocline separates water from temperature and subsolar regions. The permanent thermocline exists from depths of approximately 200 m to approximately 1000 m. Below this permanent thermocline, water temperatures decrease - much more slowly towards the sea floor. -The thermocline regions in the ocean can reduce mixing between water in the regions above and below the thermocline. In addition, water in a thermocline region may also not mix rapidly with water in the regions above or below the thermocline region. As used herein, the term "thermocline" refers to a temperature gradient in a layer of seawater, in which the temperature that decreases with depth is greater than that of water above and below it. Referring now to Figure 6A, in embodiments where the vessel 101 is docked, the concentrate discharge system 207 may comprise a member 601 extending downward from the hull of the vessel. 101 with a plurality of discharge ports 602 on member 601. Depending on various factors such as water depth, water temperature, water currents and surrounding ecosystem, member 601 can be extended to depth O depths that optimize mixing of the concentrate with the body of surrounding water. In one embodiment, the member 601 can be lowered from and retracted toward the vessel 101 by mechanical means, such as, for example, a hydraulic installation. Alternatively, other suitable means may be used to lower and retract member 601, including those used in conventional marine drilling operations. In another embodiment, member 601 may have sufficient mass and / or density so that member 601 can be lowered from vessel 601 to a desired depth without mechanical assistance. Such member 601 is generally retracted towards vessel 101 by mechanical means. In a further embodiment (not shown), the discharge member 601 incorporates a vacuum through which the water of the surrounding water body can be drawn into the member 601. The flow of the concentrate to the member 601 creates a reduction in the pressure (Ventura effect) and draws the water from the body of surrounding water to mix it with the concentrate before discharge. The resulting mixture is discharged through a plurality of discharge ports 602. Referring now to Figure 6B, where the water intake 202 of a water intake system 201 comprises a seawater intake, the discharge ports 602 are located on member 601 so that each discharge port 602 is placed within or below a thermocline region 640 relative to water intake 202. Such a configuration may reduce or eliminate the intake of the - discharge concentrate to the water purification system 200. In embodiments wherein the water intake 202 comprises an opening in the hull of the vessel and the draft of the vessel 101 is less than the depth of the isothermal surface layer mixed by the body water surrounding water, member 601 may extend to or below a seasonal thermocline region. For example, the draft of the ships has a deadweight tonnage of less than 200,000 and typically less than 20 meters and also less than the depth of the isothermal layer mixed by the wind. Seawater inlets placed below the water line on the front of vessel 101 would be expected to draw water from the isothermal layer mixed by the wind. Referring now to Figure 7, in another embodiment, the concentrate discharge system 207 comprises a member 701 having a plurality of concentrate discharge ports 702 where the member 701 floats on the surface of the water through the use of pontoons of support or a catenary having support pontoons, or member 701 may be inherently floating. In another embodiment, each concentrate discharge port of the concentrate discharge system 207 can be mounted on dispersion devices that allow the discharge ports to move in a full range of - hemisphere The dispersion devices may comprise a universal joint, a pivot, a compensator, a ball joint or other similar devices known to one skilled in the art. By oscillation or movement of the plurality of concentrate discharge ports, the concentrate should be dispersed more evenly in the surrounding water. In another embodiment, the concentrate discharge system 207 may additionally comprise a pump to increase the water pressure of the concentrate before being discharged through the plurality of concentrate discharge ports. In another embodiment, the vessel 101 further comprises a heat recovery system in communication with the exhaust from an energy source, the water intake system 201, the control system 210 and the reverse osmosis system 204. The system of Heat recovery can use the heat energy generated by one or more energy sources to heat the water taken by the water intake system 201 before the water passes to a reverse osmosis membrane 206. In another embodiment, the boat 101 it may further comprise a heat exchange system in communication with the reverse osmosis system 204 and the concentrate discharge system 207. The heat exchange system comprises a heat exchanger and a cooling system. The heat exchange system reduces the temperature of the concentrate to or around the temperature of the water surrounding the vessel 101. Since the concentrate normally has a high temperature when compared to the temperature of the intake water, installing an exchange system The operational heat between the reverse osmosis system 204 and the concentrate discharge system 207 provides the advantage of reducing or eliminating any impact on the surrounding ecosystem that could result from the discharge of the concentrate at an elevated temperature. In another embodiment, a heat exchange system is in communication with other systems on the vessel 101. Referring now to Figure 8, in another embodiment, the water purification system 200, comprises, a water intake system 201 comprising a water inlet 202 and a water inlet pump 203, a storage tank 830, a pre-treatment system 840, a reverse osmosis system 204 comprising a high pressure pump 205 and a reverse osmosis membrane 206, a concentrate discharge system 207, a filter transfer system 208 comprising a filter transfer pump 209, an energy recovery system 810 and a filter storage tank 820.

The energy recovery system 810 is operable to recover or convert into electricity the energy associated with the concentrate pressure. The storage tank 830 is in communication with the water inlet pump 203 and the pre-treatment system 840. The pre-treatment system 840 is in communication with the storage tank 830 and the high pressure pump 205. The energy recovery device 810 is in communication with the high pressure side of the reverse osmosis membrane 206, the high pressure pump 205 and the concentrate discharge system 207. In one embodiment, the pre-treatment system 840 comprises the minus one of a detritus prefiltration system, a reservoir and a pumping tank. A debris filtering system is typically used to ensure the stable, long-term performance of a reverse osmosis system and the life of the membrane. The detritus prefiltration system can include clarification, filtration, ultrafiltration, pH adjustment, free chlorine removal, addition of antifouling and filtration with 5 micron cartridge. In another embodiment, the pre-treatment system 840 comprises a plurality of pre-treatment systems (not shown). In clear and warm waters, an 840 pre-treatment system is usually sufficient. However, colder temperatures of the starting water (as well as more polluted water) may require more pretreatment stages. As long as the vessel 101 can be constructed for a predetermined location, and therefore with a single pre-treatment system 840, providing the vessel 101 with a plurality of pretreatment systems can allow vessel 101 to operate in a wide range of locations. variety of environments around the globe. Such a modality for vessel 101 can improve the flexibility of crisis or response to governmental or United Nations disasters, in the planning of disaster locations and environmental conditions that can not be easily anticipated or adequately planned. The energy recovery system 810 is operable to recover or convert the energy associated with the concentrate pressure. Examples of an energy recovery system 810 include devices such as a turbine. The recovered energy can be used to remove a stage from the high pressure pump 205, to assist in the thrust between stages in a two-stage water purification system or to generate electricity. In another embodiment, the boat 101 further comprises one or more noise and / or vibration reducing devices in communication with some mobile mechanical device aboard the vessel 101 and the hull of the vessel. vessel 101. Such mechanical devices include, but are not limited to, a power source, a high pressure pump, a transfer pump and a water intake pump. The noise reduction devices may comprise any insulation, suspension or impact absorbers known to one skilled in the art. The noise reduction devices also include any noise abatement technique known to one skilled in the art. The noise reduction devices may include a helmet comprising composite material or machines with precision manufacturing so that the rattle associated with a mechanical device is reduced when operating. In another embodiment, the craft 101 further comprises noise / vibration reduction devices for decreasing the vibrations associated with the movement of fluids through the pipes in the vessel, such as the sheathing on an outer pipe. Pipe sheathing can reduce the velocity of noise in the pipeline generated by the movement of water. The noise reduction devices can reduce the vibrations or noise transmitted through the hull of the vessel 101 and thereby reduce any disturbance or interference with normal aquatic or marine life. For example, noise reduction devices can reduce interference with acoustic communication between whales. In addition, noise reduction devices can reduce the risk to the ear of the crew of the boat. Referring now to Figures 9 to 12, in general, in another embodiment, the vessel 101 further comprises a mixing system in communication with the reverse osmosis system 204 and the concentrate discharge system 207. The mixing system is capable of of mixing the concentrate with water taken directly from the body of surrounding water before discharging the concentrate. Such a system is operable to dilute and / or cool the concentrate before returning it to the surrounding body of water. Referring now to Figure 9, in one embodiment, a mixing system comprises a mixing tank 905 comprising a concentrate inlet 910, a concentrate outlet 915, a water intake system 920 comprising a water inlet and a pump , a series of deflectors 925, and a mixing barrier 935 comprising a plurality of openings 935, wherein the water taken through the water intake system 920 (ie, native water) and the concentrate are forced through the mixing and mixing barrier before flowing to the concentrate discharge system 207. The size, shape, location and number of openings 935 are selected to optimize the mixing of the concentrate with the native water. The openings 935 should induce turbulence in the fluids flowing through the mixing barrier 930. The mixing barrier 930 extends from one side of the mixing tank 905 to the opposite side of the mixing tank 905. The adjacent baffles are coupled on opposite sides of the mixing tank 905. The deflectors are arranged in a stepped relationship such that a portion of each baffle 925 overlaps with an adjacent baffle 925. The fluid passing through the mixing barrier 930 must flow in a path convoluted before reaching the concentrate discharge system 207. In another embodiment (not illustrated), the mixing system comprises a mixing tank comprising a concentrate inlet, a concentrate outlet, a mixing water intake system comprising a water intake and a pump, and some device capable of forming a substantially homogeneous mixture from the concentrate and the native water. Examples of such devices include high speed paddle mixers and a static mixer. By mixing the concentrate with native water, the water purification system 200 is capable of returning a dilute concentrate back to the body of surrounding water. For example, if the surrounding body of water contains total dissolved solids (TDS) of 30,000 mg / l and the water purification system was operating at a 50% recovery of filtrate, then the TDS of the concentrate would be - around 60,000 mg / l. When mixing native water with the concentrate, the TDS of the diluted concentrate would be between 60,000 and 30,000 TDS. In another embodiment, the water intake of the mixing tank is operable to provide diluent water to the mixing tank having a TDS less than the TDS of the surrounding water of the vessel. Examples of sources of such diluent water include, but are not limited to, filtering the reverse osmosis system and rainwater collected in the vessel or other vessel. In another embodiment, the water intake of the mixing system is the same water intake as the water intake 202 of the water intake system 201. In another embodiment, the water intake of the mixing system is a separate water intake. . The deflectors can be oriented horizontally, transverse or longitudinally. Referring now to Figures 10, 11 and 12, in one embodiment, mixing tank 905 of the mixing system comprises a hold 109 in vessel 101. As shown in Figure 10, in one embodiment, deflectors 925 they are oriented transversely. As shown in Figure 11, in one embodiment, baffles 925 are oriented longitudinally. As shown in Figure 12, in one embodiment, baffles 925 are oriented horizontally.

- Referring again to Figure 1A, in another embodiment, the vessel 101 further comprises a filtration storage tank comprising holds 109 for filtering wherein the filtrate storage tank is in communication with the reverse osmosis system 204 and the system filter transfer 208. In another embodiment, the vessel 101 further comprises a packing system 110 in communication with the filter storage tank. Packing system 110 includes extraction pumps that will supply lines to carry the filtrate out of the filtrate storage tank. The packing system 110 can be used in emergency situations where an infrastructure for distributing the filtrate is not in place or has been damaged. In another embodiment, the water purification system 200 of the vessel 101 further comprises a filtration treatment system in communication with the low pressure side of the reverse osmosis membrane 206 and the filtrate transfer system 209. In one embodiment , the filtration treatment system comprises a corrosion control system. In another embodiment, the filtration treatment system comprises a system for disinfecting the filtrate. In another embodiment, the filtering treatment system comprises a filtering conditioning system, the filtering treatment system comprising a filtering conditioning system for adjusting the taste characteristics of the filtrate. In another embodiment, the filtering treatment system comprises a corrosion control system, a filtering disinfection system and a filtering conditioning system. In another embodiment, the filtering treatment system is operationally located after the filtering transfer system 208. For example, see the description of a mode of the land distribution system 1330 below. In another embodiment, the vessel 101 comprises a plurality of reverse osmosis systems 104 where the vessel 101 is capable of producing 5,000 to 450,000 cubic meters of filtrate per day (approximately 1 to 100 million gallons of filtrate per day). In other embodiments, the amount of water that the vessel 101 is capable of producing will depend on the application and the size of the vessel 101 used. In another embodiment, vessel 101 has a deadweight (dwt) tonnage of between about 10,000 to 500,000. In another embodiment, vessel 101 has a dwt of between about 30,000 and 50,000. In another embodiment, vessel 101 has a dwt of approximately 120,000. In another embodiment, vessel 101 has a dwt of between about 250,000 and 300,000. In another mode, the dwt of - the boat 101 depends on the intended application, the minimum load to keep the boat 101 afloat, and / or the desired production capacity of the boat 101. Instead of purifying water using reverse osmosis methods, the boat 101 can be equipped with other technologies of desalination or water purification. For example, the vessel can be equipped with multi-stage flash evaporation, multi-effective distillation or mechanical vapor compression distillation. Referring now to Figure 27, in embodiments where the vessel 101 is anchored, the water intake system 201 comprises a water intake member 2701 extending from the hull of the vessel 101. The member 2701 has a water intake 2702 at the distal end of the water intake member 2701. In separate embodiments (not shown), the water intake member 2701 may have a plurality of water intakes 2702, and the intake (s) of water 2702 may be located in positions other than the distal end of the water intake member 2701. In another embodiment, the water intake member 2701 extends to or below a thermocline region 2740 and the discharge ports of concentrate are placed above the thermocline region 2740. Referring now to Figure 28, in embodiments where vessel 101 is anchored, the system - The water intake member 201 comprises a water intake member 2801 extending from the hull of the vessel 101. The water intake member 2801 has a water intake 2802 at the distal end of the water intake member 2801. In separate embodiments (not shown), the water intake member 2801 may have a plurality of water intakes 2802, and the water intakes 2802 may be located at positions other than the distal end of the water intake member 2801. The vessel 101 in Figure 28 further comprises a concentrate discharge member 2851 that extends below the hull of the vessel 101 with a plurality of discharge ports 2852 on the member 2851. The water intake member 2801 extends to or below the the thermocline region 2840 so that each water intake 2802 is placed within or below the thermocline 2840 region. In addition, the discharge ports 2852 are located below the thermocline region 2840. in another embodiment (not shown), the location of the water inlet 2802 and the concentrate discharge ports 2852 may be inverted so that the water inlet 2802 is located above the thermocline region 2840 in which the plurality of ports are located of discharge of concentrate 2852. The plankton is the productive base of both marine ecosystems and drinking water. The plankton community similar to plants is known as phytoplankton - and the animal-like community is known as zooplankton. Most phytoplankton serve as food for zooplankton. Phytoplankton production is usually greater than 5 to 10 meters below the surface of the ocean. Since little sunlight, if any, penetrates depths below 20 meters, most phytoplankton exist above 20 meters. Since phytoplankton is the foundation for a large part of the ecosystem and the ocean, one embodiment of the present invention is operable to reduce any disorganization of an ecosystem resulting from the intake of plankton in the water purification system. Specifically, the system is operable to take water in the water intake system at various depths to reduce the intake of plankton. In one embodiment, the water intake system is operable to take water at a depth below 10 meters. The draft of ships that have a dwt of more than 100,000 is commonly at least 10 meters. Seawater intakes located on the lower regions of the hull on boats that have a draft of more than 10 meters can take water below 10 meters and potentially reduce any plankton intake in the water purification system. In another modality, the water intake system is operable to take water below depths of more than 10 meters. The water intake members as shown in Figure 27 (2701) and Figure 28 (2801) are operable to take water at depths below 10 meters and reduce any plankton intake in the water purification system. In another embodiment, the vessel and the water purification system are operable to allow an operator to select between using a seawater intake or a water intake member to take water in the water purification system. An operator may select to use a seawater intake or a water intake member to take water based on the location and depth of thermoclines in the water surrounding the vessel and based on the amount of plankton at any particular depth . In a further embodiment, the vessel is equipped with instrumentation and detectors to allow the operator to detect the presence and depth of the thermocline and / or plankton populations in the vicinity of the body of water. In addition, if large amounts of plankton are detected, the instrumentation and detectors can help the operator navigate and operate in regions in the body of surrounding water that contains little plankton or that contains thermoclines that optimizes any reduction in the mixture of concentrate discharge in the water taken in the water purification system.

Referring now to Figure 23, in another aspect, the present invention provides, a method 2301 for producing a filtrate on a floating structure comprising: producing a filtrate wherein a concentrate 2310 is produced; and discharging the concentrate into the surrounding water through a concentrate discharge system comprising a plurality of concentrate discharge ports 2320. In an embodiment of method 2301, the step of producing a filtrate comprises pumping water through a system. of reverse osmosis comprising a high pressure pump and a filter element comprising a reverse osmosis membrane wherein a concentrate is produced on the high pressure side of the reverse osmosis membrane. In another embodiment, method 2301 further comprises the step of having the floating structure traveling through the water while discharging the concentrate. In another embodiment, method 2301 comprises pumping water to be purified through a plurality of reverse osmosis systems in a parallel configuration. In another embodiment, method 2301 further comprises the step of having a floating structure traveling through water in a pattern selected from the group consisting of a substantially circular pattern, an oscillating pattern, a straight line, and any other pattern determined by test which is more advantageous to disperse the concentrate in the surrounding water and water streams. In another embodiment, method 2301 further comprises the step of having a floating structure that remains substantially fixed relative to a position on the ground and having the concentrate dispersed by the water stream. In another embodiment of method 2301, the plurality of concentrate discharge ports is located on the vessel such that a substantial portion of the discharged concentrate is mixed with the surrounding water by a propulsion device of the floating structure. In another embodiment of method 2301, the plurality of concentrate discharge ports may be located above or below the water line of the floating structure. In another embodiment of method 2301, the plurality of concentrate discharge ports is located such that the discharged concentrate is capable of propelling the vessel in an auxiliary manner or as the sole means of propulsion. In another embodiment of method 2301, the method may further comprise the step of mixing the concentrate with water taken directly from the surrounding body of water before discharging the concentrate. In one embodiment, the mixing step of the concentrate with water taken directly from the surrounding body of water, comprises the passage of the concentrate and the water taken directly from the body of surrounding water together, through a series of deflectors, before being discharged to through a plurality of concentrates discharge ports. The deflectors can be oriented horizontally, transverse or longitudinally. The adjacent deflectors are coupled to opposite sides of the mixing tank. The baffles are arranged in staggered relationship such that a portion of each baffle overlaps with an adjacent baffle. The water taken and the concentrate follow a convoluted route before reaching the concentrate discharge system. In another embodiment of method 2301, the concentrate is mixed with water from the surrounding water body within the concentrate discharge member. Water from the surrounding body of water is drawn to the discharge member through a suction that generates a suction as the concentrate flows into the discharge member. The concentrate is subsequently mixed with the incoming water before the mixture is discharged. The concentrate is discharged in order to increase the mixing of the concentrate with the body of surrounding water. In another embodiment of method 2301, the plurality of concentrate discharge ports is physically located from - - such that a portion of the concentrate discharged through the plurality of concentrate discharge ports is capable of being mixed with the water surrounding the vessel, by the propulsion device. In one embodiment of method 2301 comprising a plurality of reverse osmosis systems, a separate concentrate discharge system is connected to each reverse osmosis system. In one embodiment of method 2301 comprising a plurality of reverse osmosis systems, the concentrate discharged from each of the reverse osmosis systems is collected in one or more longitudinally oriented pipe heads, structural beam boxes or tunnels. At intervals along the floating structure, the plurality of discharge ports allow the concentrate to be discharged over a substantial portion of the length of the floating structure. In another embodiment of method 2301, each concentrate discharge port incorporates a grate designed to assist in mixing with the surrounding body of water having divergingly oriented openings. A lattice with protrusions in the lattice openings can also be used to assist in mixing. In another embodiment of method 2301, the concentrate discharge ports are configured in a way that Similar to the exhaust nozzles in an F-15 jet aircraft, so that the concentrate discharge ports can change their circumference and can also change the direction of the concentrate flow. In an embodiment of method 2301 where the floating structure is moored or otherwise stationary, the concentrate discharge can be discharged through a member extending down from the hull of the vessel or on the side of the vessel with a plurality of ports of discharge in the member. Depending on several factors such as water depth, water temperature, water currents, and the surrounding ecosystem, the limb can be extended to depth or depths that optimize the mixing of the concentrate with the surrounding body of water. In another embodiment, the member having a plurality of concentrate discharge ports can float on the surface of the water through the use of support pontoons or a catenary having support pontoons, or through the inherent floating of the member. In another embodiment of method 2301, each concentrate discharge port can be mounted in dispersion devices that allow the discharge ports to move in a completely hemispherical range. Dispersion devices may include a universal joint, a pivot, - a compensator, a ball joint or other similar devices known to someone skilled in the art. By oscillation or movement of the plurality of concentrate discharge ports, the concentrate should be dispersed more evenly in the surrounding water. In another embodiment of method 2301, the concentrate can be further pressurized before being discharged through the plurality of concentrate discharge ports. Figure 13 is a schematic view of one embodiment of the present invention. The system 1301 shown in Figure 13 generally comprises a first vessel 1310 and means for delivering a filtrate from the first vessel 1310 to a land distribution system 1330. The terms "terrestrial", "land", "based on the coast" and "on the coast" refer to systems and structures that are first or fully disposed on land or on the coast. Portions or components of such systems may be arranged off-shore, in water or in structures arranged offshore, over water or moored or anchored to the seabed. The first vessel 1310 includes means for producing a filtrate. In one embodiment, the filtration production means includes a water purification system (as described in more detail herein).

Other structures can be used. Other means of producing a filtrate can be used in other embodiments. Generally, the first 1310 vessel includes a tanker converted from a single hull. The term "converted" generally refers to a vessel that has been reconfigured to perform a function for which the vessel was not originally designed. Here, the 1310 vessel was originally designed to transport oil. Alternatively, the first vessel 1310 may be a vessel constructed by or for a private individual. The first vessel 1310 is located offshore and includes means for producing a filtrate from the surrounding seawater. Typically, the filtrate includes desalinated water. As described in more detail below, the first vessel 1310 also includes means for mixing a concentrate with seawater. Although the term "seawater" is used, it is to be understood that seawater includes "fresh" water, such as, for example, lake water or any other appropriate source of starting water. For example, the starting water may still include water shipped from offshore to the first vessel 1310 for desalination or further processing. Water previously processed or partially processed can be refreshed as well. In the case where the filtrate is desalinated water, the concentrate generally includes a brine. It is likely that other impurities are present in the concentrate. The other impurities and dissolved total solids depend on the source of the starting water. It is well known that some bodies of water are more contaminated than others and that stagnant water and waters near the coasts generally contain greater amounts of pollutants and total dissolved solids than those of the open sea. The first vessel 1310 typically includes a deadweight (dwt) tonnage in a range between approximately 10,000 tons and approximately 500,000 tons. In various embodiments, the first vessel 1310 may have a deadweight tonnage of about 40,000, 80,000 or 120,000. In another embodiment, the first vessel 1310 has a dwt of between about 30,000 and 50,000. In another embodiment, the first vessel 1310 has a dwt of between about 65,000 and 80,000. In another embodiment, the first vessel 1310 has a dwt of between about 250,000 and 300,000. In other embodiments, the size of the first vessel 1310 will depend on the intended application, the control ballast, and the desired production capacity of the first vessel 1310. A capacity of the filtrate production means is generally dependent on the tonnage of weight - - dead of the first vessel 1310. However, the capacity of the means of production of the filtrate is not limited by an internal volume formed by the hull of the first vessel 1310, such as the oil storage capacity of such vessel. In one embodiment, a portion of the filtration production means is disposed on a main deck of the first vessel 1310. For example, the components of the filtration production means can be placed in compartments in containers (see Figures 1A and IB). ) and interconnected to each other and coupled to the main deck. It is known that container vessels have containers stacked one on top of the other several stories high along a substantial length of the main deck of the vessel. In another embodiment (not shown) where the propulsion device 102 comprises an electric motor and a propeller in communication with an energy source 103, the filtering production means is arranged below the main cover of the first vessel 1310. In one additional mode, the power source 103 is also in communication with the filtering production means. The advantages associated with the use of an electric motor and propeller to propel the first 1310 vessel include, but are not limited to, optimizing the use of space below the main deck of the first vessel 1310 and reducing the noise created by the first vessel 1310. The advantages associated with the provision of the means of production of the filtrate below the main deck of the first vessel 1310 in relation to the first vessel 1310 having the filtering production means arranged in or on the main deck include, but are not limited to, simplification of the hydraulic system to move fluids, reduction of the number of pumps water, reduction of operating costs, reduction in the deadweight tonnage of the first vessel 1310, and reduction of the size of the first vessel, necessary to produce the same or similar amount of water. The components of the filtration production means can be arranged in a similar manner to increase the capacity of the filtration production means otherwise limited by the internal structure of the first vessel 1310. It can be appreciated that a vessel configured in such a way can be modified to adjust the filtering production capacity of the first vessel 1310 as desired. Thus, the capacity of the filtration production media is generally in the range between approximately 1 million gallons per day and approximately 100 million gallons per day. Other means of filtering production can be used in other embodiments. Alternatively, other appropriate structures may be used. As described below, the filtration production means typically includes a reverse osmosis system. Alternatively, other suitable filtration production media can be employed. In one embodiment, the filtration production means are operable to produce filtering substantially continuously. Generally, while the first vessel 1310 is in motion with respect to the coast 1302, the first vessel 1310 may take seawater 1303 to process through the means. of filtering production. Alternatively, by the use of intake pumps and other known means, the first vessel 1310 may take seawater 1303 while not in motion with respect to the coast 1302. To be in motion with respect to the coast 1302, the first 1310 vessel must be en route. The term "en route" means that the first vessel 1310 is making its route on the bottom under its own power or under the energy of another vessel. However, the first vessel 1310 may be in motion with respect to coast 1302 even when it is not en route. The first vessel 1310 may be in motion relative to the coast 1302 while it is moored, anchored or drifting. As discussed above, the first vessel 1310 includes means for mixing the concentrate. As described above in greater detail, the mixing means are operable to dilute the concentrate. It is also described above in greater detail that the mixing means are operable to regulate a temperature of the concentrate at a temperature substantially equal to that of the water near the first vessel 1310. In one embodiment, the concentrate discharged by the first vessel 1310 to the body of surrounding water, has substantially the same temperature as the water surrounding the first vessel 1310. In another embodiment, the dilute concentrate discharged by the first vessel 1310 to the surrounding body of water has a level of dissolved total solids between the level of total solids dissolved from the concentrate produced by the filtrate production means and the dissolved total solids of the surrounding water body. As used herein, the term "substantially equal" does not refer to a comparison of quantitative measures, but rather to the fact that the impact on the affected marine life or the ecosystem is qualitatively insignificant. A) Yes, in one embodiment, little or no observable adverse environmental effects occur when the concentrate is discharged directly into the water - surrounding the first vessel 1310. Other suitable structures and mixing means may be used. In one embodiment, the means of delivering the filtrate comprises a second vessel 1320. A deadweight tonnage of the second vessel 1320 is in the range between about 10,000 and 500,000 tons. In one embodiment, the second vessel 1320 includes a towing unit. In another embodiment, the second vessel 1320 includes a converted single or double case tanker. Generally, the first vessel 1310 is operable to transfer the filtrate to the second vessel 1320 and the second vessel 1320 is operable to receive the filtrate from the first vessel 1310. As will be discussed in more detail below, the second vessel 1320 is operable to deliver filtering to the land distribution system 1330. The transfer of fluid, typically fuel oil, between vessels that sail is known. The transfer of filtrate, that is, desalinated water, between the first and second vessels 1310, 1320, uses similar principles. However, in contrast to the transfer of fuel between vessels, the environmental consequences of a transfer line 1315 transferring damaged, cut or disconnected desalinated water is negligible.

- In one embodiment, a transfer line 1315 communicates the desalinated water between the first and second vessels 1310, 1320. The transfer line 1315 can communicate an internal filter storage compartment for the first vessel 1310 with an internal filter storage compartment for the second vessel 1320. Support vessels (not shown) may be employed as necessary to facilitate the transfer of desalinated water between the first and second vessels 1310, 1320. Generally, the transfer of filtrate between the first and second vessels 1310, 1320 , may be performed while both, the first and second vessels 1310, 1320 are in motion with respect to coast 1302. Alternatively, the transfer of filtrate between the first and second vessels 1310, 1320 may be performed while both, the first and second vessels 1310 , 1320, are moored or anchored. The first vessel 1310 is operable to continue to produce filtering while the first and second vessels 1310, 1320 are transferring filtering. When the filtrate transfer between the first and second vessels 1310, 1320 is complete, the second vessel 1320 may transfer the filtrate to the land distribution system 1330 located on the coast 1302, or may transfer the filtrate to a third vessel (not illustrated) wherein the third vessel is permanently located at jetty 1331 or breakwater (not shown), dock (not shown) or moorings (not shown). In one embodiment, the second vessel 1320 travels to and is secured to a pier 1331. The filtrate is transferred to a pipe system 1332 from the second vessel 1320 or to a third vessel arranged proximate to the pier 1331. The pipe system 1332 is in communication with and transfers the filtrate to the land distribution system 1330. The land distribution system 1330 generally includes at least one water storage tank 1333, a pumping station 1336, and a pipe or pipe network 1335. In one embodiment, the terrestrial distribution system may include a plurality of tanks 1333 located in a single storage area or be distributed in various locations on coast 1302. The network of pipes 1335 may interconnect the plurality of tanks 1333. Additionally, the network of Pipes 1335 can communicate the water supply with individual pumping stations (not shown) and / or end users (not shown), such as industrial or residential users. In a modality, the land distribution system 1330 may include a chemical feed station (not shown) for adjusting a plurality of water quality parameters. The chemical feed station can adjust water quality parameters such as pH, corrosion control, and fluoride as desired. Other desirable water quality parameters can be adjusted by the chemical feed station. In one embodiment, the chemical feed station is disposed downstream of the chemical feed station and upstream of the pumping station 1336. Alternatively, the chemical feed station can be arranged in other appropriate locations. In an alternative embodiment, the filtrate can be transferred from the second vessel 1320 to a land transportation system (not shown) to be delivered directly to the end users or to alternate water storage facilities. The land transportation system may include a plurality of tank cars or a truck network (not shown). The land transportation system may include a railroad or a rail network. Additionally, the land transportation system may include a combination of a truck network and a rail network. Referring now to Figure 14, an alternate filtering delivery means is shown. In one embodiment, the filtrate can be transferred directly from the first vessel 1310 to a floating pipeline 1415. The floating pipes for transferring oil are known. The floating pipe 1415 may be similar in design to such floating pipes. The floating pipe 1415 can be coupled to a permanent buoy 1404. The floating pipe 1415 can be transported from the coast 1302 to the buoy 1404 by a tugboat or other service vessel. The floating pipe 1415 may be constructed of known floating materials or may be coupled with floating buoys (not shown) disposed along its length. The floating pipe 1415 can float on the water surface 1303. Alternatively, the floating pipe 1415 can be submerged partially below the surface of the water 1303. An alternative embodiment of the filter delivery means includes a stabilized seafloor pipeline. (not shown). The stabilized seafloor pipeline may be coupled to the permanent buoy 1404. The stabilized seafloor pipe is first disposed below the water surface 1303 and rests on the seabed. The stabilized seafloor pipe may have a plurality of weights distributed over its length to generally hold it in place. Alternatively, the stabilized marine bottom pipe can be securely fixed to the seabed with known anchoring devices and methods. A first end of the stabilized seafloor pipeline may be disposed above the water surface 1303. The first end of the stabilized seafloor pipeline is in communication with the first vessel 1310. A second end of the bottom stabilized pipeline The marine can be disposed in a manner close to the land distribution system 1330. In one embodiment, a portion of the stabilized seafloor pipeline near the first end passes through the permanent buoy 1404. In another embodiment, a portion of the pipeline The stabilized seabed near the first end is integral with the permanent buoy 1404. Another alternative embodiment of the filter delivery means includes a pipe buried in the seabed (not shown). The pipe buried in the seabed can be coupled to the permanent buoy 1404. The pipeline buried in the seabed is first disposed below the surface of the seabed. The pipe buried in the seabed is usually secured in place by the seabed. Alternatively, anchoring devices may be employed to secure the buried pipe to the seabed. In another modality, the pipe buried in the seabed can be covered by several materials. Other structures and means of filtering delivery can be used in other modalities. In another embodiment of the system 1301, the first vessel 1310 includes a packing system (not shown) for packing the filtrate. The packaging system may include a bottling plant on board. Alternatively, the packaging system may include other suitable packages, such as, for example, large plastic bladders. As described in more detail below, the packed filtrate may be transported to provide relief to an area impacted by a disaster at coast 1302. In addition to the provision of packaged desalinated water, the first vessel 1310 may include a store of provisions of relief for disasters, such as food, medical supplies and clothing. To support the operation of the first vessel 1310, a support fleet (not shown) can be included. The support fleet is operable to provide the first 1310 vessel with one or more of the following: fuel, supplies and supplies, repair and replacement materials and equipment, personnel and airlift capabilities. The support fleet may include a single vessel or a plurality of vessels. Referring now to Figure 15, there is shown a system 1502 for providing disaster relief services of a maritime environment in accordance with the present invention. The system 1501 described in greater detail below, is operable to provide critical assistance to a wide variety of areas lacking sophisticated, well-developed or functional infrastructure. Additionally, the 1501 system leaves no "footprint" on the coast 1302. Moreover, the 1501 system is mobile and can respond to developing crises without much time or news in advance. This is especially true when system 1501 is deployed across the globe. The 1501 system includes a first boat 1510 operable to produce desalinated water. Generally, the first vessel 1510 is operable to produce desalinated water at a rate in a range between approximately 1 million gallons per day and approximately 100 million gallons per day. Typically the first vessel 1510 includes a reverse osmosis system. In a modality, the first vessel 1510 is operable to produce the desalted water in a substantially continuous manner. The first vessel 1510 may include a converted single hull tanker and includes a first tonnage of dead cargo. The first tonnage of dead cargo includes a range between about 10,000 and 500,000 tons. In another embodiment, the first vessel 1510 has a dwt of between about 30,000 and 50,000. In another embodiment, the first vessel 1510 has a dwt of between about 65,000 and 80,000. In another embodiment, vessel 1510 has a dwt of between about 120,000. In another embodiment, the first vessel 1510 has a dwt of between about 250,000 and 300,000. In other embodiments, the size of the first vessel 1510 may depend on the intended application, the control load and on the desired production capacity of the vessel. The first vessel 1510 may be in continuous movement with respect to coast 1502. Generally, while the first vessel 1510 is moving with respect to shore 1502, the first vessel 1510 may take 1503 seawater to process, through the system of reverse osmosis. Alternatively, through the use of intake pumps and other known means, the first vessel 1510 may take seawater 1503 as long as it is not in motion with respect to shore 1502. To be in motion with respect to shore 1502, the first vessel 1510 may be on its route. However, the first vessel 1510 may be in motion with respect to coast 1502 even if it is not en route. The first vessel 1510 may be moving with respect to the 1502 coast while it is moored, anchored or drifting. In one embodiment of the system 1501, the first vessel 1510 includes a packing system (not shown) for packing the desalinated water. The packaging system may include a bottled plant on board. Alternatively, the package may include other, suitable packages, such as, for example, large plastic bladders. The packed filtrate can be transported to coast 1502 to provide relief to an area impacted by a disaster. In addition to providing packaged desalinated water, the first vessel 1510 may include a storehouse of provisions for disaster assistance, such as food, medical supplies and clothing. The system 1501 may include means for delivery of desalinated water to the coast 1502. In one embodiment, the delivery means include a second vessel 1520. The second vessel 1520 includes a second tonnage in a range of between about 10,000 and 500,000 dwt. . The second vessel 1520 may include a converted single hull tanker. The second vessel 1520 may also include a tugboat unit. Alternatively, other suitable boats can be used. The second vessel 1520 is operable to receive the desalinated water from the first vessel 1510 and to deliver the desalinated water to the coast 1502. As described in detail below, the first vessel 1510 can transfer the desalinated water to the second vessel 1520 by a 1515 transfer line. Accordingly, this transfer process will not be repeated at this point. The second vessel 1520 is operable to receive the desalinated water from the first vessel 1510 while the first and second vessels 1510, 1520 are in motion relative to the coast 1502. In an alternative mode, unprocessed or partially processed raw water can be delivered from coast 1502 by, for example, the second vessel 1520 to the first vessel 1510 for further processing or processing (eg, refreshing the starting water). The water from the second vessel 1520 can be transferred to the first vessel 1510 by reversing the transfer process described above. Once the first vessel 1510 has processed or "cooled" the water provided from the coast, the first vessel 1510 can transfer the desalinated or "cooled" water to the second vessel 1520 to deliver to the coast 1502. Once the desired amount of desalinated water has been transferred from the first vessel 1510 to the second vessel 1520, the second vessel 1520 can transport the desalinated water near coast 1502. Typically, the second vessel 1520 will dock along a pier 1530. Alternatively, the second vessel 1520 may be an amphibious vehicle, in which case the second vessel 1520 may deliver the desalinated water directly to the coast 1502. In yet another alternative mode, the first vessel 1510 or the second vessel 1520 can transfer desalinated water packaged to the coast 1502 by discharging the water packed at the pier 1530 or dropping the water packed by the embankment allowing the tide to carry the water packed to the coast 1502. In an alternative mode VAT, the means of delivery include a delivery system by airlift (not shown). The airlift delivery system is operable to transport the necessary aid faster and farther inland than conventional means of transport. Furthermore, some areas on the coast 1502 can only be accessed by air. In one embodiment, the airlift delivery system includes a helicopter (not shown). The helicopter can land or fly over the first vessel 1510 or the second vessel 1520. The helicopter can be loaded with packed water or can transport pallets with the packaged water. In another embodiment, the airlift delivery system includes a ofoil. The ofoil can be loaded directly with packed water and transport the packed water inland where necessary. Other structures and means of delivery can be used in other modalities. The 1501 system can provide other disaster assistance services in addition to the delivery of desalinated water. As discussed previously, the 1501 system can also provide food (such as, for example, Ready-to-Eat Foods - MREs), medical supplies and clothing. As discussed above, system 1501 may include a support fleet (not shown) operable to provide the first vessel 1510 with one or more of the following: fuel, supplies and supplies, repair and replacement materials and equipment, personnel, and air support capabilities. The support fleet may include a single vessel or a plurality of vessels. Moreover, in addition to the support of the first vessel 1510, the support fleet can dispatch emergency personnel and additional emergency assistance to coast 1502. Referring now to Figure 16, a 1601 system is shown to mitigate environmental impacts of a water purification system of a 1610 vessel in a maritime environment. The water purification system (not shown) produces a filtrate and a concentrate. The water purification system may be similar to that described above. Alternatively, other water purification systems may be employed. Typically, the filtrate produced includes desalinated water and the concentrate produced includes a brine. In one embodiment, system 1601 includes mixing means for controlling the level of total dissolved solids of the concentrate discharged from vessel 1610 in the surrounding body of water. As described in more detail previously, the mixing means are operable to dilute the concentrate and / or to regulate the temperature of the concentrate discharged from the vessel 1610. In one embodiment, the system 1601 includes means for discharging the concentrate. Generally, the concentrate discharge means is operable to mix the concentrate with the starting water before the concentrate is discharged to the "surrounding body of water." In another embodiment, the concentrate discharge means is operable to mix the concentrate with water. having a total of dissolved solids below the level of dissolved solids of the surrounding water body prior to discharge The concentrate discharge means may be similar to those previously described In one embodiment, the concentrate discharge means includes a lattice For example, the lattice may include a plurality of divergingly oriented openings In another example, the lattice may include a plurality of projections disposed over the plurality of openings The lattice may be configured as described above and referenced to Figures 5A and 5B.Alternatively, the lattice can be configured in other ways. alternate god In another embodiment, the dispersing means of the concentrate includes a discharge member extending from the vessel and a plurality of orifices disposed in the discharge member. The discharge member may include a plurality of discharge tubes, each of the tubes extending to a different depth. The discharge member may include a floating sleeve, which generally extends from the main deck of the vessel and into the water. The download member may also include a catenary. Other alternate dispersion media can be like those described above. Other suitable structures and dispersion media can be used. In one embodiment, the system 1601 includes means for reducing the noise level on board. For example, the noise reduction means includes a plurality of casings for pipes. In another example, the noise reduction means includes a plurality of vibration attenuation elements. Other systems to mitigate the environmental impacts of a water desalination system of a vessel on the maritime environment can be similar to those systems, devices and methods - described above. Alternatively, other appropriate structures, systems and means may be employed. Referring now to Figure 17, a system 1701 is shown to produce and transfer energy to a terrestrial distribution system. The system 1701 comprises a vessel 1710. The vessel 1710 comprises means for producing energy 1703. System 1701 also comprises land means 1720 for transferring energy from vessel 1710 to a land distribution system 1740. In one embodiment, a capacity of Energy production means 1703 comprises a range of around 10 megawatts and 100 megawatts. In one embodiment, vessel 1710 comprises a deadweight tonnage in a range between approximately 10,000 and 500,000. As described above, vessel 1710 may be a reconfigured single-hull tanker. Other appropriate vessels can be reconfigured, such as tugboats and other merchant vessels and retired naval vessels (in storage). Alternatively, the boat 1710 can be custom built, that is, designed and built especially for a particular application. In one embodiment, the energy production means 1703 comprises a supply transformer (not shown), a motor (not shown), a frequency converter (not shown) and a motor control (not shown). The frequency converter is operable to control the speed and a motor torque. Preferably the energy producing means 1703 comprises an electric propeller impeller, which is known in the art. Generally, the transformer is in communication with the motor and the frequency converter. Typically, the motor control is in communication with the transformer, the motor and the frequency converter. The motor can be a driving motor or an electric motor generator. Typically, the energy production means 1703 is disposed completely below the main cover. In an alternative embodiment, the energy production means 1703 may be arranged in and on the main cover, as well as below the main cover. Moreover, the means of production of energy 1703 can be supplemented by temporary electric generators (not shown), such as, for example, diesel generators. Preferably the motor is an AC motor. The speed of the motor can be controlled by varying the voltage and frequency of its supply. The frequency converter can also provide stepless control of three-phase AC currents from zero to a maximum output frequency, corresponding to a desired arrow speed, both - towards bow as aft. In another embodiment, the means of producing energy comprises a fuel cell (not shown). Alternatively, other suitable energy production means may be employed, such as, for example, conventional marine diesel engines, or nuclear steam or fossil fuel plants. The energy transfer means 1720 comprises means for synchronizing 1725 the energy of the vessel 1710 towards the land distribution system 1740. As described above, the energy transfer means 1720 is a land system or on the coast. The use of terrestrial energy transfer means 1720 rather than means of energy transfer on board, allows vessel 1710 to maximize its limited space for power generation, and other additional functions. Additionally, terrestrial energy transfer means 1720 are configured by the local power authority to connect to the terrestrial energy distribution system 1740. Thus, vessel 1710 may not have to be modified to adjust to variations between different grid systems. In one embodiment, the synchronization means 1725 comprises a start-up transformer generator (not shown) and a second converter (not shown). The starting transformer generator is operable to establish a voltage from vessel 1710 at a voltage substantially equal to the land distribution system 1740. For example, the starting transformer generator can set the voltage from vessel 1710, for example, 600 V to 38 kV, the voltage of the land distribution system 1740. In another example, the starting transformer generator can set the voltage from vessel 1710, for example, 600 V to 69 kV, the voltage of the land distribution system 1740. The second The converter is operable to synchronize the energy from the vessel 1710 with the land distribution system 1740. For example, the second converter can convert DC energy from vessel 1710 to AC power from the land distribution system 1740. As another example, the second converter can convert the phase of energy from vessel 1710 to the phase of energy in l land distribution system 1740. The land distribution system 1740 may include a grid or electrical grid to supply and transport electrical power to commercial, industrial and / or residential end users. Such a 1740 terrestrial distribution system generally includes, but is not limited to, transmission towers, overhead or overhead power lines, substations, transformers, converters, and wiring, as well as service connections.

Alternatively, other terrestrial distribution systems can be used. In one embodiment, vessel 1710 comprises means for cleaning emissions 1707. Typically, emissions refer to contaminants, as well as to various particulates. The emissions cleaning means 1707 are disposed upstream, or before the emission of the emissions from the vessel 1710. The emissions of the vessel are generally produced when generating energy. Of course, auxiliary functions on board can produce some additional emissions. In one embodiment, the emissions cleaning means 1707 comprises a cleaning equipment. In another embodiment, the emissions cleaning means 1707 comprises a particulate filter. Referring now to Figure 18, a system 1801 is shown. System 1801 comprises an 1810 vessel operable to produce desalinated water and electricity. The system 1801 also includes means for delivering (not shown) the desalinated water from vessel 1810 to a terrestrial distribution system 1830 and means for transferring 1820 electricity from vessel 1810 to the 1840 terrestrial electrical distribution system., vessel 1810 comprises a deadweight tonnage in a range of between about 10,000 and 500,000. As described above, vessel 1810 may be a reconfigured single hull tanker. Other appropriate vessels can be reconfigured, such as tugboats and other merchant vessels. Alternatively, vessel 1810 can be custom made for this particular application. Generally, vessel 1810 is operable to produce desalinated water in a range of about 1 million gallons per day to 100 million gallons per day. Typically, vessel 1810 produces desalinated water as described above, and therefore, will not be repeated here. Alternatively, other suitable means of producing desalinated water can be employed. Generally, a capacity of the 1810 vessel for the production of electricity is in a range between about 10 megawatts and 100 megawatts. While vessel 1810 is producing desalinated water, vessel 1810 is generally off coast 1803. When vessel 1810 has produced its desalinated water capacity - or when vessel 1810 has produced as much as desired or needed - vessel 1810 It goes to coast 1802 and secures to or moors near a pier 1831. The delivery or discharge of desalinated water to the 1830 land distribution system can take around 12 hours, which, of course, can vary depending on the amount of water to be delivered from the - vessel 1810. In one embodiment, the means for delivery of desalinated water from vessel 1810 to land water distribution system 1830 includes a pipe system 1832. Alternatively, other suitable embodiments may be used. The pipe system 1832 is in communication with the terrestrial water distribution system 1830. The land water distribution system 1830 generally includes at least one water storage tank 1833, a pumping station 1836, and a water pipe or network. pipes 1835. In one embodiment, the terrestrial water distribution system may include a plurality of 1833 tanks located in a single storage yard or distributed in various locations on coast 1802. The pipe network 1835 may interconnect the plurality of tanks 1833. Additionally, the pipe network 1835 can communicate the water source with individual pumping stations (not shown) and / or end users (not shown) such as industrial or residential users. In one embodiment, the land water distribution system 1830 may include a chemical feed station (not shown) for adjusting a plurality of water quality parameters. The chemical feed station can adjust water quality parameters such as pH, corrosion control, fluoridation, as desired. Other appropriate water quality parameters can be adjusted by the chemical feed station. In one embodiment, the chemical feed station is disposed upstream of the storage tanks 1833. In another embodiment, the chemical feed station is disposed downstream of the chemical feed station and upstream of the pump station 1836. Alternately , the chemical feed station can be arranged in other appropriate locations. In an alternative embodiment, the desalinated water can be transferred from the vessel 1810 to a land transportation system (not shown) to deliver directly to the end users or alternate water storage facilities. The land transportation system may include a plurality of tank cars or a truck network (not shown). The land transportation system may include a railroad or a rail network. Additionally, the land transportation system may include a combination of a truck network and a rail network. While the 1810 vessel is delivering the desalinated water to an 1830 land water distribution system, the 1810 vessel can generate electricity for transfer to an 1840 terrestrial electrical distribution system. Generally, one megawatt is sufficient to power 1000 typical American homes. . Thus, where the capacity of the 1810 vessel is 100 megawatts, the 1810 vessel can provide power for around 100,000 homes. In addition to providing desalinated water, the 1810 vessel can provide critically needed energy to help alleviate suffering in areas impacted by disasters by providing energy to hospitals and other emergency infrastructure, as well as homes. In one embodiment, the vessel 1810 comprises a supply transformer (not shown), a motor (not shown), a frequency converter (not shown) and a motor control (not shown). The frequency converter is operable to control a motor speed and torque. Preferably the supply transformer, the motor, the frequency converter and the motor control comprise an electric generating means 1803. Generally, the transformer is in communication with the motor and the frequency converter. Typically, the motor control is in communication with the transformer, the motor, and the frequency converter.

- Typically, the electric generating means 1803 is disposed completely below the main cover. In an alternate mode, the electric generating means 1803 may be arranged in and / or on the main cover, as well as under the main cover. Moreover, the electric generating means 1803 can be supplemented by temporary electric generators (not shown), such as, for example, diesel generators. Preferably the motor is an AC motor. The speed of the motor can be controlled by the variation of the voltage and frequency of its supply. The frequency converter is operable to create a variable frequency output. The frequency converter can also provide stepless control of three-phase AC currents from zero to the maximum output frequency, corresponding to a desired arrow speed both forward and aft. In another embodiment, the electric generating means 1803 comprises a fuel cell (not shown). Alternatively, other suitable energy production means may be used, such as, for example, conventional marine diesel machines. The energy transfer means 1820 comprises means for synchronizing 1825 the energy from the vessel 1810 to a land distribution system 1840. As previously described, the energy transfer means 1820 is a terrestrial or coastal system. In one embodiment, the synchronization means 1825 comprises a start transformer generator (not shown). The starting transformer generator is operable to establish a voltage from vessel 1810 at a voltage substantially equal to the land distribution system 1840. For example, the starting transformer generator can set the voltage from the vessel, for example at 600 V, to 38 kV, the voltage of the terrestrial distribution system 1840. In another example, the starting transformer generator can set the voltage from vessel 1810, for example from 600 V to 69 kV, the voltage of the land distribution system 1840. The second The converter is operable to synchronize the energy from the vessel 1810 with the land distribution system 1840. For example, the second converter can convert DC energy from vessel 1810 to the AC power of the land distribution system 1840. As another example, the second converter can convert the phase of the energy from the 1810 vessel to the energy phase in the terrestrial distribution system 1840. In one embodiment, vessel 1810 comprises means for cleaning emissions 1807. Typically, emission refers to contaminants, as well as to various particulates. The 1807 emission cleaning means are disposed upstream, or before the emission of the emissions from the vessel 1810. The emissions of the vessel are generally produced when generating energy. Of course, auxiliary functions on board can produce some additional emissions. In one embodiment, the emissions cleaning means 1807 comprises a cleaning equipment. In another embodiment, the emissions cleaning means 1807 comprises a particulate filter. Referring now to Figures 19A and 19B, a vessel 1901 is shown. Boat 1901 comprises a hull 1902. Hull 1902 comprises a first surface 1902a and a second surface 1902b. Generally, the first surface 1902a of the hull 1902 comprises an interior surface of the vessel 1901 and the second surface 1902b of the hull 1902 comprises an exterior surface of the vessel 1902. The vessel 1901 also comprises means for producing desalinated water (not shown) and means for mixing a concentrate with seawater (not shown). The mixing means and means for producing desalinated water include the structures and methods described above to produce desalinated water. As shown in Figure 19A, the means for producing desalinated water includes the plurality of reverse osmosis systems 1904 installed in separate containers disposed in and on the main deck 1905 of vessel 1901. Alternatively, other suitable means can be used to produce desalinated water. The 1901 vessel also includes means to store the desalinated water. The water storage means comprises a tank 1903 disposed within the hull 1902. Tank 1903 may occupy a majority of the volume formed by hull 1902 below the main deck of vessel 1901. Alternatively, tank 1903 may occupy other volumes appropriate, and may be arranged in appropriate configurations. Tank 1903 comprises a first surface 1903a and a second surface 1903b. In a preferred embodiment, the tank 1903 is arranged inside a double hull of the vessel 1901. In another embodiment, the tank 1903 forms a double hull of the vessel 1901. A double hull generally refers to a second hull disposed within the hull 1902. When tank 1903 contains desalinated water, the first surface 1903a of tank 1903 is disposed close to the desalinated water. Alternatively, the first surface 1903a of the tank 1903 is in communication with the desalinated water. Generally, the second surface 1903b of the tank 1903 is disposed in frontal opposition to the second one. surface 1902b of hull 1902. Second surface 1903b of tank 1903 is separated from the first surface 1902a of hull 1902 by a distance. Typically, the distance between second surface 1903b of tank 1903 and first surface 1902a of cascol902 is greater than or equal to about 2 meters. In another embodiment, the distance between second surface 1903b of tank 1903 and first surface 1902a of hull 1902 is less than about 2 meters. Alternatively, other appropriate distances may be employed. In one embodiment, vessel 1901 comprises means for maintaining a temperature (not shown) of the desalinated water in tank 1903 above freezing. The desalinated water freezes at around 0 degrees C. In one embodiment, the means for maintaining the temperature of the desalinated water can include the insulation disposed between the second surface 1903b of the tank 1903 and the first surface 1902a of the hull 1902. The insulation can be coupled to each or both of the second surface 1903b of the tank 1903 and the first surface 1902a of the hull 1902. In another embodiment, the means for maintaining the temperature may include forced or circulating air between the second surface 1903b of the tank 1903 and the first surface 1902a of the hull 1902. The air temperature is sufficient to keep the desalinated water in tank 1903 above freezing. The air can be heated by electric coils or by other convenient means. In a further embodiment, the temperature maintaining means may include direct heating of the tank 1903 by direct means, such as heating coils. The temperature maintaining means may also include imparting some movement or displacement of the desalinated water in the tank 1903, such as, for example, by an agitator. Other suitable means may be employed to maintain the temperature of the desalinated water in tank 1903 above freezing. Tank 1903 comprises at least one of the following: concrete, a plastic, a thermoplastic resin, a thermosetting resin, a polymerized ethylene resin, a polytetrafluoroethylene, a carbon steel and a stainless steel. Stainless steel is selected from the group consisting of grade 304 stainless steel and grade 316 stainless steel. In an embodiment where tank 1903 comprises a carbon steel, a coating may be attached to first surface 1903a of tank 1903. Generally, the coating it engages when the tank 1903 is formed. Alternatively, the liner may be coupled to the first surface 1903a of the tank 1903 after the tank 1903 has been formed. Typically, the coating comprises stainless steel, including grade 304 stainless steel and grade 316 stainless steel. In one embodiment, a sacrificial anode may be coupled to second surface 1903b of tank 1903. In another embodiment, a printed electrical current may be used. . The first and second surfaces 1903a, 1903b of tank 1903 can be treated with coatings to help maintain the desalinated water itself for human consumption. Several national codes and standards specify particular coatings for such tanks, such as, for example, ANSI / AWWA D102-97. The first surface 1903a of the tank 1903 comprises a layer (not shown). The layer of the first surface 1903a comprises a first layer, a second layer and a third layer. In one embodiment, the first layer is applied to the first surface 1903a as a primary coating. The second layer is applied to the first layer after the first layer has cured or dried. The third layer is applied to the second layer after the first layer has cured or dried. Thus, the second layer is disposed between the first and second layers. The first layer of the first surface 1903a is selected from the group consisting of a bicomponent epoxy, a zinc-rich primer, a vinyl coating, an quick-drying coal tar varnish coating and a primer for immediate application. The second layer of the first surface 1903a is selected from the group consisting of a bicomponent epoxy, a vinyl resin coating and a cold applied coal tar coating. The third layer of the first surface 1903a is selected from the group consisting of a bicomponent epoxy, a vinyl resin coating, a hot-applied coal tar varnish and a cold-applied coal tar coating. Alternatively, other compounds suitable for the first, second and third layers of the first surface 1903a may be employed. The second surface 1903b of tank 1903 comprises a layer (not shown). The layer of the second surface 1903b comprises a first layer, a second layer and a third layer. In one embodiment, the first layer is applied to the second surface 1903b as a primary coating. The second layer is applied to the first layer after the first layer has cured or dried. The third layer is applied to the second layer after the first layer has cured or dried. Thus, the second layer is disposed between the first and second layers. The first layer of the second surface 1903b is selected from the group consisting of a first rust-inhibiting pigmented alkyd, a vinyl coating, a bicomponent epoxy, and a zinc-rich primer. The first pigmented rust-inhibiting alkyd comprises a red iron oxide, a zinc oxide, an oil and a first alkyd. The second layer of the second surface 1903b is selected from the group comprising an easy-mix aluminum coating, an alkyd varnish, an alkyd coating, a vinyl coating and a bicomponent epoxy. The third layer of the second surface 1903b is selected from the group comprising an easy-mix aluminum coating, an alkyd varnish, a vinyl coating, and a bicomponent aliphatic polyurethane coating. Alternatively, other compounds suitable for the first, second and third layers of the second surface 1903b may be employed. Figures 17A-17C show modalities of a method 1701 according to the present invention. Method 1701 can be employed to deliver desalinated water to a terrestrial distribution system, such as, for example, system 1330 shown in Figure 13 and as described above. The items shown in Figure 13 are referred to in the description of Figures 17A-17C to help understand the method shown in method 1701. However, the methods of the methods according to the present invention can be employed in a wide variety of ways. other systems. Referring now to Figure 20A, block 2010 indicates that a first vessel is provided. The first boat can be similar to the one described above. In one embodiment, the first vessel includes a single hull tanker converted having a deadweight tonnage in a range of between about 10,000 tons and 500,000 tons. In another modality, the first vessel has a dwt between about 30,000 and 50,000. In another embodiment, the first vessel 1710 has a dwt of between about 65,000 and 80,000. In another modality, the first vessel has a dwt of around 120,000. In another modality, the first vessel has a dwt of around 250,000 and 300,000. In other modalities, the size of the first vessel will depend on the intended application, the maximum draft to keep the vessel afloat, and the production capacity of the vessel. Alternatively, other suitable boats can be used. The first vessel is operable to produce a filtrate and to mix a concentrate. As described herein, the filtrate is produced from starting water, typically seawater. The filtrate generally includes desalinated water and the concentrate includes a brine. In a modality, the 2001 method includes providing a reverse osmosis system. Typically, a rate of filtrate production by the first vessel is in the range of between approximately 1 million gallons per day and approximately 100 million gallons per day. In another modality, the first vessel is in continuous movement with respect to a coast. In another modality, the first vessel is fixed with respect to the coast. As described in more detail herein, one embodiment of the 2001 method includes diluting the concentrate to a level substantially equal to a level of water salinity near the first vessel. Referring again to Figure 20A, block 2020 indicates that the filtrate is delivered from the first vessel to a terrestrial distribution system. Referring now to Figure 20B, a modality for delivering filtering from the first vessel to the terrestrial distribution system is shown. Block 2022 indicates that the step to deliver the filtrate from the first vessel to the terrestrial distribution system includes transferring the filtrate from the first vessel to a second vessel. In another modality, the 2001 method may include filtering packaging. The filtrate can be packaged as described above with reference to Figure 13. Alternatively, other filtrate packaging methods can be employed. Once packaged, the filtrate can be transported to shore by several methods, including, for example, means of delivery by airlift. A helicopter or a hydrofoil can be used to transport the packed filtrate to the coast. The first vessel can include a heliport to accommodate the landing, loading, and departure of a helicopter. In one embodiment, a deadweight tonnage of the second vessel is in a range between about 10,000 and about 500,000. In one embodiment, the second vessel may be a converted single hull tanker. In another embodiment, the second vessel may be a towing unit. During the transfer of the filtrate from the first vessel to the second vessel, both of the first and second vessels may be in motion with respect to the coast. Alternatively, the first and second vessels may be substantially stationary with respect to the coast. As described above, filtering can be transferred from the first vessel to the second vessel using a transfer line. The use of transfer lines to transfer fuel oil between vessels is known. The transfer of filtering between vessels can use similar principles. As shown in Figure 20B, block 2024 - -indicates that the stage of delivery of the filtrate from the first vessel to the terrestrial distribution system includes the transport of the filtrate arranged in the second vessel close to the terrestrial distribution system. The second vessel can travel to a mooring or dock near the coast under its own power or with the assistance of a tugboat or other appropriate support vessel. As shown in Figure 20B, block 2026 indicates that the step of delivering the filtrate from the first vessel to the terrestrial distribution system includes transferring the filtrate from the second vessel to the terrestrial distribution system. The filtrate can be transferred from the second vessel to the terrestrial distribution system as described above with reference to Figure 13. Generally, the filtrate is transferred from the second vessel to the terrestrial distribution system through a transfer line that is in communication with an intake pump for storage tank. The intake pump for the storage tank assists in the transfer of the filtrate to a storage tank. Alternatively, other appropriate methods of transferring the filtrate from the second vessel to the terrestrial distribution system may be used. Referring now to Figure 20C, an alternate modality is shown for delivery of the filtrate from the first vessel to the terrestrial distribution system. As indicated by block 2027, the filtrate is transferred from the first vessel to a pipeline. The transfer of the filtrate from the first vessel to the pipeline may be similar to that described above with reference to Figure 13. For example, in one embodiment, the pipe may include a floating pipeline covering a distance from the first vessel over a permanent buoy To the coast. In another embodiment, the pipeline may include a seabed stabilized pipe similar to that described above. In yet another embodiment, the pipeline may include a buried seabed pipe similar to that described above with reference to Figure 13. Alternatively, other pipes and appropriate pipe configurations may be employed. As indicated by block 2028, the filtrate in the pipeline is transported near the terrestrial distribution system. The filtrate can be transported in the pipeline similar to that described above with reference to Figure 13. Alternatively, other methods suitable for transporting the filtrate can be used. Generally, a transfer pump coupled to a permanent buoy or to the first vessel, provides the necessary pressure to - transport the filtrate near the coast. In one embodiment, the 2001 method further comprises providing a storage tank. Generally, the storage tank is arranged on the coast and stores the filtrate for future transport and / or use. In one embodiment, there is a plurality of storage tanks. In another embodiment, the method 501 further comprises communicating a pipe or pipe network with the storage tank. In yet another embodiment, method 1701 further includes communicating a pumping station with the pipe or pipe network. Typically, a combination of a storage tank, a pipeline or a network of pipes in communication with the storage tank, and a pumping station in communication with the pipe or pipe network, comprises the land distribution system. The terrestrial distribution system may be similar to that described above and with reference to Figure 13. Alternatively, other appropriate configurations and arrangements may be used. In one embodiment, the 2001 method further comprises communicating a chemical feed station to the storage tank. The chemical feed station is operable to adjust a plurality of water quality parameters, such as, for example, pH, corrosion control and fluoridation. Water can be transported to users - end, such as industrial or residential users, directly from the storage tank and the pipe network. Alternatively, water can be transported by providing a land transportation system. In one embodiment, the land transportation system may include a railway or a rail network. In another embodiment, the land transportation system may include a tank car or a truck network. Figure 21 shows an embodiment of a method 2101 according to the present invention. Method 2101 can be used to provide assistance for an area impacted by disaster. The items shown in Figure 14 are referred to in the description of Figure 21 to help understand the mode shown of method 2101. However, the modalities of the methods according to the present invention can be employed in a wide variety of other systems. . As indicated by block 2110, method 2101 includes providing a first vessel having a first tonnage. In one embodiment, the first vessel includes a single hull tanker converted having a first tonnage in a range between about 10,000 and 500,000. In another modality, the first vessel has a dwt between about 30,000 and 50,000. In another modality, the first vessel has a dwt between about 65,000 and 80,000. In another modality, the first vessel has a dwt of around 120,000. In another modality, the first vessel has a dwt of between about 250,000 and 250,000. In other modalities, the size of the first vessel will depend on the intended application, the minimum draft to keep the vessel afloat, and the desired production capacity of the vessel. Alternatively, other suitable vessels may be employed, including those similar to that described above with reference to Figures 13-16. The first vessel is operable to produce desalinated water. Generally, the first vessel includes an operable reverse osmosis system to produce desalinated water at a rate in the range of approximately 1 million gallons per day and approximately 100 million gallons per day. In one embodiment, the first vessel is in continuous movement with respect to a coastline. Alternatively, the first vessel is stationary with respect to the coast. Desalinated water can be produced using methods and apparatus similar to those described above. Other suitable methods for producing desalted water can be employed. In another embodiment, method 2101 includes the packing of desalinated water. For example, the first vessel may include a packing plant.

- Generally, method 2101 includes providing a store of disaster relief supplies, such as, for example, food, medicine and clothing. As indicated by block 2120, method 2101 of providing assistance to an area impacted by disaster also includes the delivery of desalinated water to the coast. In one embodiment, method 2101 includes providing a second operable vessel to receive the desalinated water from the first vessel and delivering the desalinated water to the shore. The second vessel includes a second tonnage. Typically, the second tonnage is less than the first tonnage. The second tonnage can be in the range between about 10,000 and 500,000 dwt. Other suitable boats can be used, such as those similar to the one described above. In one embodiment, the second vessel is operable to receive the desalinated water of the first vessel while the first and second vessels are in motion with respect to the coast. Alternatively, the second vessel can receive the desalinated water from the first vessel while the first and second vessels are substantially stationary with respect to the coast. The means of transferring desalinated water from the first vessel to the second vessel may be similar to that described above. Alternatively, they can be used - other appropriate means for transferring desalinated water between the first and second vessels. Once the desired amount of desalinated water has been received by the second vessel, the second vessel can transport to desalinated water near the coast for distribution to the area impacted by the disaster. Since areas affected by disasters frequently lack or have compromised terrestrial distribution systems, an alternative 2120 method of delivering desalinated water to the coast, includes providing an air vehicle. The areas impacted by disaster are often accessible only by air. In one embodiment, the aerial vehicle includes a helicopter. In another embodiment, the aerial vehicle includes a hydrofoil. The air vehicle is operable to transport packaged desalinated water, as well as provisions for disaster relief. Other alternate methods of delivering desalinated water include simply throwing desalinated water packed overboard. The packaged water can float to the coast or be collected by other vessels. In the case of a helicopter, the helicopter is operable to transport several discrete packages or to transport pallets of packaged desalinated water. In one modality, the first vessel can include a heliport to facilitate flight operations and capabilities of the - helicopter. Typically, a plurality of aerial vehicles may exist. Aerial vehicles can originate from the coast or from other vessels. Method 2101 includes providing a plurality of support vessels. The support vessels are operable to provide the first vessel with one or more of the following: fuel, supplies and supplies, repair and replacement materials and equipment, personnel and flight capabilities. Figure 22 shows a modality of a method 2201 according to the present invention. The 2201 method can be used to mitigate the environmental impacts of water desalination. The items shown in Figure 16 are referred to in the description of Figure 22 to assist in understanding the modality of method 1901 shown. However, the methods of methods according to the present invention can be used in a wide variety of other systems. The water desalination processes produce a filtrate and a concentrate. Block 2210 indicates that method 2201 includes diluting a concentrate. The total dissolved solids of the diluted concentrate are between the dissolved total solids of the concentrate and the total dissolved solids of the native water. Generally, the concentrate is mixed with water taken directly from the body - of surrounding water (this is "native water") before discharging the concentrate to the water of the maritime environment in which the vessel operates. As indicated by block 2220, the method also includes regulating a concentrate temperature to substantially equalize the water temperature near the concentrate discharge area. In one embodiment, method 2201 includes providing a mixing tank. Generally, the mixing tank is arranged in a volume of a vessel. As described in more detail above, the mixing tank is operable to mix the concentrate with native water before discharging the concentrate into the water of the marine environment in which the vessel is operating. In one embodiment, the mixing tank is similar to that described herein and with reference to Figure 9. Alternatively, other suitable mixing tanks may be employed. In one embodiment, method 2201 includes dispersing the concentrate. Generally, the concentrate is dispersed when it is discharged into the water of the maritime environment in which the vessel is operating. Method 2201 also includes providing a lattice. In one embodiment, method 1901 includes providing a lattice. In another embodiment, method 2201 further comprises disposing a plurality of apertures divergently oriented in the lattice. The dispersion media of the concentrate can be similar to those described above. In yet another modality, the method 2201 further comprises providing the lattice with a plurality of openings and arranging a plurality of projections in the plurality of openings. In one embodiment, the lattice is configured as described above and with reference to Figures 5A and 5B. Alternatively, the lattice can be configured in other suitable alternate media. In one embodiment, method 2201 includes the discharge of the concentrate from a plurality of locations. Method 2201 may include providing a concentrate discharge member. Method 2201 may also include providing a plurality of holes disposed in the concentrate discharge member. For example, the discharge member may extend from the vessel and a plurality of holes disposed in the discharge member. The discharge member may also include a plurality of discharge tubes, each of the tubes extending to a different depth. The discharge member may include a floating sleeve, which generally extends from the main deck of the vessel and into the water. The download member may also include a catenary. Other alternate methods of concentrate discharge may be like those described above. Moreover, other concentrate discharge methods can be used.

In one embodiment, method 2201 includes reducing a level of operating noise. The method 2201 may include the provision of a plurality of pipe boxes. In another embodiment, the method includes providing a plurality of mitigating members. Other methods to mitigate the environmental impact of a vessel desalination system in a marine environment may be similar to those methods, systems and apparatus as described herein. Alternatively, other appropriate methods may be employed. Referring now to Figure 24, one embodiment of a method 2401 according to the present invention is shown. Method 2401 can be used to transfer electricity to a terrestrial distribution system, such as, for example, system 1701 shown in Figure 17 and as described above. The items shown in Figure 17 are referred to in the description of Figure 24 to help understand the mode of method 2401 shown. However, the methods according to 1, present invention can be used in a wide variety of other systems. As shown by block 2410, method 2410 comprises providing an operable vessel for generating power. The vessel can be as described above. In one embodiment, the vessel comprises a deadweight tonnage in a range between about 10,000 and 500,000.

- Alternatively, other appropriate boats may be provided. Generally, the vessel is operable to generate electricity in a range between about 10 megawatts and 100 megawatts. Typically, the vessel comprises a supply transformer, a motor, a frequency converter and an engine control. The frequency converter is operable to control a motor speed and torque. In another embodiment, the vessel comprises a fuel cell. Alternatively, other suitable means of producing energy may be used. Where the vessel is energized by fossil fuels, the vessel may include means to mitigate the environmental consequences of burning such a fuel. For example, in one embodiment, method 2410 comprises clearing an emission from the vessel. In another embodiment, method 2410 comprises providing a scrubber. In an alternate embodiment, method 2410 comprises providing a particulate filter. Alternatively, other suitable methods for cleaning contaminants may be provided. As shown in block 2420, method 2410 comprises transferring energy from the vessel to a terrestrial distribution system. The transfer of energy from the boat, can be like that described - - before and with reference to Figure 17. Alternatively, other appropriate methods of energy transfer from the vessel may be employed. The terrestrial distribution system may be similar to that described above and with reference to Figure 17. Alternatively, other suitable terrestrial distribution systems may be employed. As described above, the equipment to transfer energy from the vessel is generally coastal, and is configured by the local energy authority to its specific grid configuration and specifications. In one embodiment, method 2410 comprises synchronizing the energy from the vessel to the terrestrial distribution system. The stage of synchronizing the energy from the vessel to the terrestrial distribution system comprises staggering a voltage from the vessel to a voltage substantially equal to the terrestrial distribution system and providing a second operable converter to synchronize the energy from the vessel with the distribution system land. Other appropriate methods can be employed to synchronize energy from the vessel, including those methods and systems described above. Alternatively, other appropriate methods may be used to synchronize energy from the vessel to the land distribution system.

Referring now to Figure 25, one embodiment of a method 2501 according to the present invention is shown. Method 2501 can be used to deliver desalinated water and to transfer electricity to terrestrial distribution systems, such as, for example, system 1801 shown in Figure 18 and as described above. The items shown in Figure 18 are referred to in the description of Figure 25 to help understand the mode shown of method 2501. However, the method embodiments according to the present inventions may be employed in a wide variety of other systems. As shown by block 2510, method 2410 comprises providing an operable vessel to produce desalinated water and to generate electricity. The boat can be like the one described above. In one embodiment, the vessel comprises a deadweight tonnage in a range between about 10,000 and 500,000. Alternatively, other suitable vessels may be provided. Typically the vessel is operable to produce desalinated water in a range between about 1 million and 100 million gallons per day. Generally, the vessel is operable to generate electricity in a range of around 10 megawatts to 100 megawatts. Alternatively, other suitable vessels may be employed. Typically, the vessel comprises a supply transformer, a motor, a frequency converter and an engine control. The frequency converter is operable to control a motor speed and torque. In another embodiment, the vessel comprises a fuel cell. Alternatively, other suitable means of generating energy can be used. Where the vessel is energized by fossil fuels, the vessel may include means to mitigate the environmental consequences of burning such a fuel. For example, in one embodiment, method 2510 comprises cleaning an emission of the vessel. In an alternative embodiment, method 2510 comprises providing a scrubber. In an alternate embodiment, method 2510 comprises providing a particulate filter. Alternatively, other appropriate means may be provided for cleaning contaminants from the vessel. As shown in block 2520, method 2510 comprises delivering the desalinated water produced by the vessel to a terrestrial distribution network. The terrestrial water distribution network may be like that described above and with reference to Figure 18. Alternatively, other appropriate water distribution networks may be used.

- As shown in block 2530, method 2510 comprises transferring the electricity generated by the vessel to a terrestrial electrical distribution system. The energy transfer from the vessel may be like that described above and with reference to Figure 18. Alternatively, other appropriate methods of transferring energy from the vessel may be employed. The terrestrial electrical distribution system may be similar to that described above and with reference to Figure 18. Alternatively, other suitable terrestrial electrical distribution systems may be used. As described above, the equipment for energy transfer from the vessel is generally coastal, and is configured by the local energy authority to its specifications and specific grid configuration. In one embodiment method 2510 comprises synchronizing the energy from the vessel to the terrestrial electrical distribution system. The step of synchronizing the energy from the vessel to the terrestrial electrical distribution system comprises the staggering of a voltage from the vessel to a voltage substantially equal to that of the terrestrial distribution system and providing a second operable converter to synchronize the energy from the vessel with the terrestrial electrical distribution system. Other appropriate methods of synchronization - Energy from the vessel to the terrestrial electrical distribution system can be used, including those methods and systems described above. Alternatively, other methods can be used to synchronize the energy of the vessel to the terrestrial electrical distribution system. Referring now to Figure 26, a method 2601 according to one embodiment of the present invention is shown. The method 2601 can be used to produce and store. The items shown in Figure 19 are referred to in the description of Figure 26 to help understand the mode of method 2601 shown. However, the methods according to the present invention can be used in a wide variety of other systems. As shown by block 2610, method 2601 comprises producing desalinated water. The desalinated water can be produced using the systems and methods as described above. Generally desalinated water is produced by an on-board desalination system. Alternatively, the desalted water can be produced by other appropriate means. As shown by block 2620, method 2601 comprises storing the desalinated water in a tank. The tank is arranged in the hull of the vessel. The helmet comprises a first surface and a second surface.

The tank comprises a first surface and a second surface. The second tank surface is separated from the first surface of the hull. The hull and tank can be as described above with reference to Figure 19. In one embodiment of method 2601, the first surface of the hull comprises an interior surface of the vessel and the second surface of the hull comprises an exterior surface of the vessel. . Where desalinated water exists in the tank, the first surface of the tank is disposed close to the desalinated water. Alternatively, the first surface of the tank is in communication with the desalinated water. Generally, the second tank surface is separated from the inner surface of the hull by a distance, the distance being greater than or equal to about two meters. In another mode, the distance can be less than about two meters. Generally the hull and tank form a double-hulled vessel. Alternatively, other suitable hulls and tanks may be used. Typically, the tank comprises at least one of the following: a plastic, a thermoplastic resin, a thermosetting resin, a polymerized ethylene resin, a polytetrafluoroethylene, a carbon steel and a stainless steel. The stainless steel is selected from the group consisting of grade 304 stainless steel and grade 316 stainless steel. In one embodiment, method 2601 comprises coupling a coating to the first surface of the tank. The coating generally comprises stainless steel. In another embodiment, method 2601 comprises coupling a sacrificial anode to the second surface of the tank. In an alternate embodiment, the first and second surfaces of the tank each comprise a layer. The layer comprises a first layer, a second layer and a third layer. The layers may be as described above with reference to Figure 19. Alternatively, other appropriate layers may be used. In one embodiment, method 2601 comprises maintaining a temperature of desalinated water disposed in the tank above freezing. Method 2601 may include providing insulation between the second surface of the tank and the first surface of the hull. Method 2601 may also include heating a space between the second tank surface and the first surface of the hull. Alternatively, other methods for maintaining the temperature of the desalinated water disposed in the tank upon freezing can be employed, including those systems and methods described above. The systems, methods and devices described above can be combined to provide a flotilla or fleet of vessels with diverse functions, such as boats that exclusively produce electricity and boats that desalinate water. In such a fleet, individual vessels can support one another. For example, the electricity producing vessel can provide or supplement the energy needs of the vessel producing desalinated water. Additionally, the fleet may also include vessels to store and transport the desalinated water to the coast or to other vessels. Such a fleet can provide multiple services (as well as relief to areas suffering from water and / or energy shortages) for coastal areas. Of course, individual vessels can also include multiple functions, such as water production, energy production and / or water storage. In one embodiment, electric power can be supplied to a vessel from land by, for example, burned cable, such that the vessel does not need its own plant. While the present invention has been disclosed with reference to certain embodiments, numerous modifications, alterations and changes to the described embodiments are possible without departing from the scope and scope of the present invention, as defined in the appended claims. Accordingly, it is intended that the present invention is not limited to the described modes, but has its total scope defined by the language of the following - - claims, and equivalent thereof.

Claims

CLAIMS 1. A vessel comprising: a water purification system comprising: a water intake system comprising a water intake and a water intake pump, where the water intake is operable to be disposed above a thermocline region within a body of water; a reverse osmosis system; a concentrate discharge system comprising a plurality of concentrate discharge ports; a filtering transfer system; a source of energy; and a control system, where the reverse osmosis system is in communication with the water intake system, the concentrate discharge system and the filtrate transfer system are in communication with the reverse osmosis system, the energy source is in communication with the water intake system, the reverse osmosis system and the filter transfer system, and the control system is in communication with the water intake system, the reverse osmosis system , the concentrate discharge system, the filter transfer system and the power source; and wherein the concentrate discharge system comprises an operable member to extend from the vessel to or below the thermocline region. The vessel of claim 1, wherein the concentrate discharge system further comprises a suction device suitable for drawing water to the discharge member from the surrounding water body for mixing and subsequent dilution of the concentrate before the concentrate is concentrated. download through a plurality of download ports. 3. The vessel of claim 1, wherein the water intake comprises a seawater intake. 4. A vessel comprising: a water purification system comprising: a water intake system comprising a water intake and a water intake pump; 5 a reverse osmosis system; a concentrate discharge system comprising a plurality of concentrate discharge ports, wherein the concentrate discharge ports are 10 operable to discharge the concentrate above a thermocline region of a surrounding body of water; a filtering transfer system comprising a transfer pump; 15 a source of energy; and a control system, where the reverse osmosis system is in communication with the system 20 of water intake, the concentrate discharge system and the filtrate transfer system are in communication with the reverse osmosis system, 25 the power source is in communication with the water intake system, the reverse osmosis and the filtrate transfer system, and the control system is in communication with the water intake system, the reverse osmosis system, the concentrate discharge system, the filter transfer system and the source of Energy; and wherein the water intake system comprises an operable member to extend from the vessel to or below the thermocline region. 5. The vessel of claim 4, in wherein the concentrate discharge system further comprises a suction device suitable for drawing water to the discharge member from the surrounding water body for mixing and subsequent dilution of the concentrate before the concentrate is discharged through a plurality of ports of discharge. 6. A vessel comprising: a water purification system comprising: a water intake system comprising a water intake and a water intake pump; a reverse osmosis system; a concentrate discharge system comprising a plurality of concentrate discharge ports; 5 a filtering transfer system; a source of energy; and a control system, where the reverse osmosis system is in communication with the water intake system, the concentrate discharge system and the filter transfer system are in communication with the reverse osmosis system, the power source it is in communication with the water intake system, the reverse osmosis system 20 and the filter transfer system, and the control system is in communication with the water intake system, the reverse osmosis system, the concentrate discharge system, the filter transfer system and the power source; and wherein the water intake system is operable to take water to the water purification system at a depth that reduces the intake of plankton to the water purification system. 7. A method for producing a filtrate on a floating structure comprising: taking water through a water intake system comprising a water intake, wherein the water intake is disposed above a thermocline region of a body of water surrounding a floating structure; supplying the water to a water purification system, - filtering the water to produce a filtrate and a concentrate; Discharging the concentrate into the surrounding body of water through a concentrate discharge system comprising a discharge member comprising a plurality of concentrate discharge ports, wherein the plurality of concentrate discharge ports are disposed within or below the thermocline region. The method of claim 7 further comprising the step of drawing water towards the discharge member from the surrounding water body as the concentrate passes through the discharge member. 9. A method for producing a filtrate on a floating structure comprising: taking water through a water intake system comprising a water intake member extending from the hull of the floating structure, wherein the member water intake comprises a water intake disposed above a thermocline region in a body of water surrounding a floating structure; supply the water to a water purification system; filter the water to produce a filtrate and a concentrate; Discharging the concentrate into the surrounding body of water through a concentrate discharge system comprising a discharge member comprising a plurality of concentrate discharge ports, wherein the plurality of concentrate discharge ports are disposed within or below the thermocline region. The method of claim 9 further comprising the step of drawing water towards the discharge member from the surrounding water body as the concentrate passes through the discharge member. 11. A method for producing a filtrate on a floating structure comprising: taking water through a water intake system comprising a water intake member extending from the hull of the floating structure, wherein the member Water intake comprises a water intake disposed within or below a thermocline region in a body of water surrounding a floating structure. supply the water to a water purification system; filter the water to produce a filtrate and a concentrate; discharging the concentrate into the surrounding body of water through a concentrate discharge system comprising a plurality of concentrate discharge ports, wherein the plurality of concentrate discharge ports are disposed above the thermocline region. - 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the concentrate discharge system comprises a discharge member comprising a plurality of concentrate discharge ports. The method of claim 12, further comprising the step of drawing water towards the discharge member from the surrounding water body as the concentrate passes through the discharge member. 14. A method for producing a filtrate on a floating structure comprising: taking water through a water intake system comprising a water intake, where the water intake is disposed at a depth below 10 meters; supply the water to a water purification system; filter the water to produce a filtrate and a concentrate; discharging the concentrate to the surrounding body of water through a concentrate discharge system comprising a plurality of concentrate discharge ports.