MXPA06004787A - Composite yarn and products made therefrom - Google Patents

Abstract

A composite cut-resistantyam is provided that has no high-performance fibers present and has wire only in the core, yet is comparable in cut-resistance characteristics, the yam containing a core of at least one fiberglass strand and at least one wire strand, either parallel or twisted about one another, and at least one cover strand made from non-metallic non-high performance fiber, along with fabric made therefrom, and protective articles and garments made from the fabric.

Description

COMPOUND THREAD AND PRODUCTS H ECHOS WITH THE BACKGROUND OF THE I NVENTION Field of the invention The present invention generally refers to threads, fabrics and protective garments woven with those threads. More particularly, the invention relates to a composite thread construction that resists cutting which provides effective cut resistance for protective garments without the use of expensive high performance fibers. Discussion of the Antecedents In many industries, it is desirable to provide guinea-pigment clothing, to provide employees with fresh corners. Ideally, these garments should provide an acceptable amount of cut resistance while at the same time possessing adequate flexibility and durability. Up to that point, the stitched garments that had these qualities had been constructed with yarn that included "high performance" fibers to achieve a better cut resistance performance. These yarns are constructed using a wrapping technique in which a core consisting of one or more strands is wrapped with one or more additional strands. Both core and wrapping strands can include consistent strands of performance fiber. Typical examples of these include the thread resistance to the description described in the North American countries. 4,777,789; 4,838,017 and 5,11,512. These patents describe the use of well-known "high performance" fibers, which in the sense used here mean fibers such as extended chain polyethylene (Allied Spectra® brand fiber) or aramid (Keviar® brand fiber). of DuPoni). The use of these high performance fibers to produce cut resisting yarns and composite garments has not been free from certain disadvantages. First, items made from high-performance fibers can be stiff and, in particular, in the case of proving guans, the user can lose a certain amount of tactile sense and feedback. This loss of sensitivity may be important for workers in the meat processing industry. Another potential disadvantage of the use of high performance fibers is their cost. For example, the cost per unit length of high-performance fibers can easily be several times that of the next most expensive component of a composite yarn resistant to short. It would be highly desirable to substantially reduce or eliminate the high performance fiber content in a composite cut resistant yarn. A solution to these problems has been proposed in the North American patent 6,363,703 of Kolmes. In that patent, the composite yarn has a core of at least one strand of glass fiber, and requires at least one strand of wire wrapping the fiberglass core strand, followed by one or more coating strands entangled around the strand and fiberglass, made the roof strands made of non-metallic materials without high performance. There is still a need for a yarn construction that resists cutting that offers an effective level of resistance to the corle with cost savings in comparison to the composite threads that They include high performance fibers, without the need for wire-coated constructions. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a composite yarn that does not contain high performance fibers that have the shear strength of composite materials that contain high performance fibers, maintaining good feel and flexibility , without a rolled wire component. Another object of the present invention is to provide a protective garment, including but not limited to gloves, aprons, arm protectors, bags and sports equipment such as fencing equipment, made of the composite yarn of the present invention. These and other objects of the invention have been satisfied by the discovery of a composite yarn consisting of: a. a core consisting of at least one strand of fiberglass and at least one strand of wire with a diameter sufficient to provide shear strength, and wherein at least one strand of fiberglass and at least one strand of wire are parallel to each other or are twisted together and where only the core of the wire contains metal; and b. at least one cover strand made of non-metallic fibers without high performance, wound around the core in a first direction; and its use to prepare a fabric resistant to cutting and abrasion, and articles and clothing prepared from the fabric.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE I NVENTION The term "fiber" as used herein refers to a fundamental component used in the assembly of threads and fabrics. Generally a fiber is a component that has a length that is much greater than its diameter or width. This term includes battens, strips, tufts, and other forms of chopped, cut or discontinuous fibers and the like having a regular or irregular cross section. "Fiber" also includes a plurality of any of the foregoing or a combination of the foregoing. As used herein, the term "high performance fiber" means that class of synthetic or natural fibers other than glass that have high toughness values greater than 10g / denier, such that they are appropriate for applications in which the abrasion and / or cut resistance is important. Typically, high performance fibers have a high degree of molecular orientation and crystallinity in the final fiber structure. The term "filamenium" as used herein refers to a fiber of an indefinite or extreme length such as is found naturally in silk. This term also refers to manufactured fibers produced among others, by means of extrusion processes. The individual filaments that make up a fiber can have any variety of transversal sections that include round, sawn or crenular, in the form of beans and others. The term "yarn" as used herein refers to a continuous strand of fibers, filaments or textiles in a suitable form to weave, knit in a mesh stitch, or otherwise intertwine to form a textile fabric. The yarn may be present in a variety of fibers including spun yarn consisting of fibers bonded together by means of annealing; a multi-filament yarn consisting of many filaments or continuous strands; or a mono-filament thread consisting of a single strand. The term "air interlaced" as used herein refers to multiple strands of yarn in an air jet to combine the strands and thus form a single, intermiidally joined strand. This treatment is sometimes called "basting in the air". This term is not used to refer to the process of "intermixing" or "entanglement" which in the art refers to a method for air compaction of a multi-filament yarn to facilitate its further processing, particularly in tissue processes. A strand of yarn that has been interspersed typically does not combine with another thread, rather the strands of multiple individual filaments are entangled with each other within the confines of a single strand. This air compaction is used as a substitute for the gumming of the yarn and means to provide a greater puncture resistance. This term also does not refer to the well-known air texlurization that is done to increase the volume in a single-strand or multi-strand strand. The methods for intertwining composite yarns and suitable apparatuses for this purpose are described in the North American Patenies 6,349,531, 6, 341, 483 and 6,212, 914, the relieved portions of which are incorporated.

The present invention is directed to the concept of a cut-resistant composite yarn having comparable cut resistance properties to high performance fiber yarns, but which do not have expensive high performance fibers therein, and which do not contain wire layers rolled up In general, a core is formed that contains at least one strand of fiberglass, and at least one strand of wire, with one or more covers of conventional wire without high performance. Any one, two or all cores, and the cover can include two strands. Figures 1-3 are examples of the different modalities. Previously it was considered necessary to use a rolled wire layer to avoid damage to the wire caused by stretching or by the impact of a cutting edge (such as a blade) against the wire. This damage to the wire typically manifests itself in the formation of folds or wrinkles by stretching and subsequent relaxation of the wire. The present inventor has found, however, that it is impossible to provide a yarn construction using glass fibers and wire strands in the core without the need to wind a strand of wire around the core, while avoiding known damage to the wire. Within the context of the present invention, the term "adjacent strands" indicates that the strands are side by side, including both arrays in parallel and twisted together. However, in the present invention, the construction does not contain a rolled wire layer. Although it is not desired to adhere to any particular theory of operation, it is believed that the presence of parallel strands of fiberglass provide a cushioning effect for the yarn, particularly for the wire, which avoids production of the aforementioned flexures or wrinkles. Furthermore, since fiberglass is not stretched, it is believed that it serves as an "anchor" for the core of the yarn, thus preventing the stretching forces from acting on the wire. Returning to FIG. 1, there is illustrated an embodiment of the cut-resistant composite yarn 10 including a core 12 formed of a single strand of fiberglass 16 and a single strand of wire 18 (those strands are not shown to scale and may have different sizes to those indicated below). This embodiment of the cut-resistant yarn 10 also includes a cover 14 which has two cover layers formed of non-metal fiber without performance 22 and 24. The first cover 22 is wound around the core 12, the second cover 24 is wrapped around preferably in the opposite winding direction of the first cover 22. In a second embodiment, illustrated in Figure 2, the cut-resistant composite yarn 1 0 includes a core 1 2 formed of a single strand of glass fiber 16 and a single strand of wire 1 8 (again they are not to scale). This mode also includes a single cover 22 formed of a non-metallic fiber without high performance. In an allocative mode, the core may include one or more additional threads. Those one or more additional strands can be of any material without high performance, including but not limited to fiberglass, wire, and conventional fibers without high performance. These one or more additional strands may be placed in the core either parallel or twisted, encircle each other with one or both of the core strands of fiberglass and wire. Alternatively, if two or more additional core strands are present and made of suitable materials for air interlacing, those additional core strands may be intertwined in the air. An embodiment containing an additional parallel strand in the core is shown in Figure 3, illustrating a core 12, formed of a strand of glass fiber 16, a strand of wire 1 8 an additional core strand of a fiber without high performance 1 9, the cover 14 containing two cover layers 22 and 24 as described above. In a fourth embodiment, the core contains a single strand of glass fiber parallel to a single strand of wire, the single strand of wire being wound with a strand of a fiber wrap without high performance. This core is then covered with one or more layers of fiber cover without high performance to provide the composite yarn. In another embodiment, the composite yarn of the present invention may contain more than two cover layers, so high performance fibers are not used. This embodiment is illustrated in Figure 4, which shows a core 12 formed of a single strand of fiberglass 16 and a single strand of wire 18 (not to scale). The cover 14 contains three cover layers 22, 24 and 26, each formed of a fiber without high performance, and each successive cover layer is preferably wound in a direction opposite to the immediately lower layer. The wire used to practice the present invention desirably has a diameter of about 0.0013 to 0.0036 inches (0.03 to 0.09 mm), preferably about 0.0016. at 0.0020 inches (0.033 to 0.05 mm). The wire strands of the present invention can be made from any metal conventionally used in the yarns and an annealed stainless steel is preferably formed, with the particular diameter of the wire being selected from the ranges specified above based on the desired properties and end use of the yarn. compound. The first cover yarn and if used, the second cover yarn, consist of a non-metallic fiber without high performance. The strands may be provided in spun or filament form with a denier range of about 50 to 1200. Suitable materials for the cover strands include but are not limited to, polyester, polyester / cotton blends, acrylic, various types of nylon, wool and cotton. The selection of a particular material for the covering yarn or threads will vary depending on the final use of the composite yarn and the physical characteristics desired for the yarn (appearance, feeling, etc.). Non-metallic, non-high-performance fiber covering strands are wound around the core, or the core is covered with one or more layers of cover, at a rate sufficient to allow processing of the composite yarn in conventional fabric or woven equipment of mesh. Each successive cover strand is wound in a direction that is either the same or opposite to the immediately preceding cover strand, preferably in the opposite direction to the immediately preceding cover strand. Although it is not necessary that the cover be rolled up so that the lower part of the composite material is completely covered, it is preferable to do so. More preferably, the cover strands each are independently wound at a speed of about 6 to about 13 turns per inch (2.4 to 4.9 turns per cm). The fiberglass strand (s) in the core can be E glass or S glass, multi-filament, monofilament or spun, and can have any desired size or denier. The practice of the present invention contemplates the use of several different sizes of the commonly existing fiberglass strands, as illustrated in the following table 1: TABLE 1 Approximate Denier fiber size Denier nominal glass G-450 99.21 100 D-225 1 98.0 200 G-150 297.6 300 G-75 595.27 600 G-50 892.90 900 G-37 1206.62 1200 The sizes designated in the table are well known in the art for specifying glass fiber strands. Those fiberglass strands can be used individually or in combination depending on the particular application of the finished article. By way of non-limiting example, if the total denial of about 200 is desired for the glass fiber component of the core, either a single strand D-225 or two substantially parallel strands G-450 can be used. In a preferred embodiment, either the single strand or a combination of the strands will have a denier of about 200 to about 1200. It should be understood that the above sample shows the currently existing strand fiberglass sizes. The practice of the present invention contemplates the use of other fiber sizes of glass fiber strands when they exist on the market or that are suitable for particular applications. Suitable preferred types of glass fibers are manufactured by Corning and by PPG. The fibers have the desired properties of relative toughness of about 12 to about 20 grams per denier, resistance to most acids and bases, are not affected by bleaches and solvents, are resistant to environmental conditions such as mold and light. solar, and exhibit resistance to abrasion and aging. Preferably the general denier of the yarn of the present invention to include the fiberglass strand or strands and the strands. coverings, it will be approximately 300 and 5000 denier. In addition, the combined weight of fiberglass and wire components should be between 25% and 60% of the composite yarn. The composite yarn of the present invention can be used which can be subjected to various treatment to provide anti-fungal, antimicrobial, radiation selective (UV, I R, etc.), had and other desired properties.

Preferably, such processes include impairing antimicrobial properties using a commercially available antimicrobial agent, such as that described, for example, in US Pat. Nos. 6,260,344, 6,266,951 and 6,351, 932. These treatments can be used individually or in combinations of two or more. These techniques are well known in the art and can be applied to the finished thread, to any portion of the yarn or to the individual yarn components or portions of the same yarn to assemble the final yarn, using a conventional yarn treatment equipment. EXAMPLES By way of non-limiting example, constructions of yarns are illustrated by demonstrating various embodiments of the present invention in Examples 1-5 in Table 2. Examples 6-9 are included for the comparative tests and will be explained below. The nomenclature "X" refers to the number of strands of a particular composite yarn component used. In each case layers 1 a and 2 a. They are wound in first and second opposites directions (in the case of a 3rd cover layer, it is wound in the same direction as the first layer and opposite to the second layer).

TABLE 2 Core Example Glass Wire 1 a. cover 2a cover 3a. Denier cover (diam in composite inches) 1 G-450 2x0.0016 Polyester Polyester 623 Parallel 150 Denier 150 Denier 9.4 tpi 9.4 tpi 2 G-450 0.0016 Polyester Polyester 546 Parallel 150 Denier 150 Denier 11.1 tpi 8.8 tpi 3 G-37 0.0016 Polyester Polyester Polyester 3635 Parallel 500 Denier 500 Denier 1000 Denier 8.3 tpi 11.6 tpi 1 1.6 tpi 4 G-225 2x0.0016 Polyester Polyester 715 Parallel 150 Denier 150 Denier 9.4 tpi 8.4 tpi 5 G-450 0.0016 Polyester Polyester 712 Parallel, the 150 Denier 150 Denier wire has been coated only Texturized Textured with non-twisted polyester without textured twist of 150 7.2 tpi 7.3 tpi denier twisted in Z to 6.6 tpi None 0.0016 Polyester Polyester 685 parallel wire with 150 Denier 150 Denier polyester 220 denier Textured Textured 7.0 tpi 6.8 tpi G-450 None Wire Polyester Polyester 531 0.0016 in 150 denier 150 denier 5.1 tpi 4.1 tpi G-50 0.0020 Polyester Polyester Polyester 3381 Wire wound 500 Denier 500 Denier 1000 Denier around glass at 8.5 tpi 9.9 tpi 7.5 tpi 9.1 tpi G-37 None Polyester Polyester 3995 Parallel glass with 1000 denier 1000 denier polyester 500 denier 7.1 tpi 6.9 tpi 0 G-150 None Spectra® Polyester Polyester 70 200 denier 70 denier denier 1 G-75 None Spectra® Spectra® Polyester 650 denier 650 denier 1000 denier 2 G-37 None Spectra® Spectra® Polyester 650 denier 650 denier 1000 denier tpi = twists per inch Examples that use a core and a lower denier cover would be woven using a 10 gauge machine or simulated. Examples that use a higher denier core and shell would be woven using a 7-gauge weaving machine or simulated. The yarn of the present invention can be manufactured in standard yarn manufacturing equipment. If the yarn is to be provided with three layers of cover, preferably the fiberglass core and wire is wound with a first cover thread in a first layer. Then, the second and if the third cover thread is used, they are added in a second operation in a separate machine. However, other procedures may be used as will be evident for those with a common experience. The yarn of the present invention has several advantages over the non-metallic cut resistant yarns described herein. The fiberglass and wire core strands and the covering strand or fibers benefit each other mutually. The fiberglass component acts as a support for the cut / abrasion resistant wire strand. The properties of the resulting yarn can be varied by varying the diameter and the sheath of sheath (twists per inch) of the covering yarn (s) around the fiberglass core and wire. The resistance performance to the yarn cutting of the present invention is shown in the following table 3 comparing the performance of the yarn constructed in accordance with the present invention (without the high performance fiber) to a similar structure including a high fiber. performance. The tests were performed using the test procedure ASTM F1790-97. For this ASTM test the reference force is the mass required for a cutting edge of the test apparatus to move an inch and initiate a "cut through" of the material being tested. Damages to corfe resistance harvested using the ASTM test described above are summarized in Table 3 below. Each of the examples 10-12 is a composite yarn that resists the commercial yarn that includes a Specira® fiber / glass fiber combination. The Spectra® fiber core strand is wrapped around the fiberglass strand in Examples 10 and 11. The Spectra® fiber strand is parallel to the fiberglass core strand in example 12. TABLE 3 Example Cutting strength (in Denier compound grams) (when known) 1 2164 623 2 2006 546 3 2788 3635 4 .2560 715 5 1317 712 6 * 1855 685 7 * 2293 531 8 * 3139 3381 9 * 2928 3995 10 * 2017 1 1 * 3251 12 * 3386 * Indicates comparative example For deniers comparable compounds , the yarn of the present invention provides a cutting performance comparable to the yarn of High performance fiber with significant cost savings due to the elimination of high performance fiber and comparable corfe resistance compared to composite yarns that have coiled wire layers, without the need to wind the wire. In some cases the present invention provides improved cut resistance compared to other similar composite denier constructions. Examples 1-12 show better and better cut resistance performance as the amount of high performance fiber and the size of the fiberglass core strand rises. Surprisingly, the yarn of the present invention compares favorably with each of the examples including high performance fibers (given denier compound and comparable fiberglass size). The test results show that the combination of wire / fiberglass comparatively low-stitched provides a cut-resistant performance that is comparable to yarns that contain a high-performance fiber. The composite yarn of the present invention can be used to prepare cut and abrasion resistant fabrics, which in turn can be used to prepare articles and garments of projection. Returning to Figure 5, a glove 40 resistant to cutting and abrasion according to the present invention is illustrated. The glove incorporates compartments for fingers 42 for each of the user's fingers. Thread resistant to cutting may be incorporated into a variety of other types of garments and arycles resisted in the field, including but not limited to proiecures for arms, aprons or bags, as well as sporting goods for sports such as fencing. Although the present invention has been described with preferred embodiments and examples of those embodiments, it should be understood that modifications and variations may be used without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as those skilled in the art will readily understand. These modifications and variations are considered within the scope and scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (28)

1. REIVI NDICATIONS 1. A composite thread resisting the string consisting of: a. a core consisting of at least one strand of fiberglass and at least one strand of wire with a diameter sufficient to provide resistance to the strand, and wherein at least one strand of fiberglass and the at least one strand of wire are parallel to each other or are twisted together and where only the core of the wire contains metal; and b. at least one strand of cover made with non-metallic fibers without high performance, wound around the core in a first direction.
2. 2. The cut resistant composite yarn of claim 1, wherein the at least one strand of wire has an enamel diameter of about 0.0013 to 0.0036 inches (0.03 to 0.00 mm).
3. 3. The composite resistive yarn of claim 1, wherein the at least one strand of glass fiber has a denier of about 50 to 1200.
4. 4. The cut resistant composite yarn of claim 1, which further presents a second strand of non-mephical fiber cover without performance rolled around the at least one strand of non-metallic fiber cover without high performance in a second direction opposite to the direction of the non-metallic fiber cover strand without high performance.
5. 5. The composite yarn resisting the yarn of claim 1, wherein the first strand of non-metallic fiber cover without high Performance is a material selected from the group consisting of polyester, blends of polyester / cotton, acrylic, nylon, wool and cotton.
6. 6. The composite yarn resists the corfe of claim 4, wherein the second non-metallic fiber sheathing strand without high performance is a material selected from the group consisting of. polyester, blends of polyester / cotton, acrylic, nylon, wool and cotton.
7. The cut resistant composite yarn of claim 1, wherein the core further presents a second strand of glass fiber in parallel or igneous with one or both of at least one strand of glass fiber or at least one a strand of wire.
8. The compliant composite yarn of the claim 1, wherein the core further presents a second strand of wire in parallel or twisted with one or both of at least one strand of fiberglass or at least one strand of wire.
9. The cut-resistant composite yarn of claim 1, wherein the high performance non-metallic fiber sheath strand is wound around the core at a rate of about 6 to 13 turns per inch (2.4 to 4.9 turns per cm) ).
10. The cut-resistant composite yarn of claim 1, wherein the non-metallic high performance fiber sheath strand has a denier of about 50 to 1200.
11. 1 1. The cut-resistant composite yarn of claim 1, wherein at least one strand of wire is wound with a non-metallic fiber strand wrap without high performance.
12. 12. The cut-resistant composite yarn of claim 4, further comprising a third strand of non-metallic fiber covering without high performance wound around the core combination and the non-metallic fiber sheathing without the first and second performance, in an ulterior direction opposite to the second direction.
13. 13. The cut-resistant composite yarn of claim 1, wherein the yarn or a portion thereof has been subjected to at least one irradiation selected from the group consisting of antisphatic treatments, antimicrobial treatments, and trays to provide radiation absorption, dyed and its combinations.
14. 14. A fabric resistant to cutting and abrasion formed mainly of a thread resistant to cutting which consists of: a. a core consisting of at least one strand of fiberglass and at least one strand of wire with a diameter sufficient to provide shear strength, and wherein at least one strand of fiberglass and at least one strand of wire are parallel to each other or are twisted together and where only the core of the wire contains metal; and b. at least one cover thread made with non-high-performance non-mephical fibers, wound around the core in a first direction.
15. 15. The corfe and abrasion resistant fabric of claim 14, wherein the at least one strand of wire has a diameter of between about 0.001 3 to 0.0036 inches (0.03 to .0.09 mm).
16. 16. The cut-resistant and abrasion-resistant fabric of claim 14, wherein the at least one fiberglass strand has a denier of about 50 to 1200.
17. 17. The shear and abrasion resistant element of claim 14, which furthermore it presents a second strand of non-mei-lactic fiber cover without the performance rolled around the at least one strand of non-mei-lactic fiber sheath without any performance in a second direction opposite to the direction of the non-metallic fiber sheath strand without high performance.
18. 18. The cut-resistant and abrasion-resistant fabric of claim 14, wherein the first non-metallic non-metallic fiber covering strand is a material selected from the group consisting of polyester, polyester / cotton blends, acrylic, nylon, wool and cotton
19. 19. The fabric resists the corfe and abrasion of claim 1, wherein the second strand of nonmellic fiber sheathing without performance is a material selected from the group consisting of polyester, blends of polyester / cotton, acrylic, nylon , wool and cotton.
20. 20. The cut and abrasion resisting element of claim 14, wherein the core further had a second strand of glass fiber in parallel or twisted with one or both of the at least one strand of glass fiber or the at least one strand of wire. twenty-one .
21. The fabric withstands the abrasion and abrasion of claim 14, wherein the core further had a second parallel or twisted wire strand with one or both of at least one strand of fiberglass or at least one strand of wire.
22. 22. The fabric withstands the abrasion and abrasion of claim 14, in which the non-mei-lical fiber sheathing strand without performance is wrapped around the core at a rate of about 6 to 1 3 turns per inch (2.4 to 4.9). turns per cm).
23. 23. The fabric resists the cutting and abrasion of claim 14, in which the non-metallic high performance fiber cover strand has a denier of approximately 50 to 1200.
24. 24. The abrasion and abrasion resistance of the claim 14, in which at least one strand of wire is wound with a non-mei-lah fiber strand wrap without high performance.
25. 25. The cut and abrasion resistive fabric of claim 1, further comprising a third strand of non-metallic fiber covering without high performance wrapped around the core combination and those behind the non-metallic fiber covering without high first and second performance, in a direction opposite to the second direction.
26. 26. The fabric resists the abrasion and abrasion of claim 14, in which the collar is in the form of a member selected from the group consisting of aprons, gloves, arm proctors, bags and fencing uniforms.
27. 27. The cut-resistant and abrasion-resistant fabric of claim 26, wherein the fabric has the shape of a glove.
28. 28. The fabric resists the corfe and abrasion of claim 14, wherein the yarn or a portion thereof has been subjected to at least one traction selected from the group consisting of antimicrobial treatments, antimicrobial treatments, treatments to provide absorption to the radiation, dyeing and their combinations.