MXPA06003524A

MXPA06003524A - Flexible polyurethane foams prepared using modified vegetable oil-based polyols

Info

Publication number: MXPA06003524A
Application number: MXPA/A/2006/003524A
Authority: MX
Inventors: Malsam Jeffrey; Herrington Ron
Original assignee: Herrington Ron; Malsam Jeffrey
Priority date: 2003-09-30
Filing date: 2006-03-29
Publication date: 2006-12-13

Abstract

A flexible polyurethane foam prepared by reacting, in the presence of a blowing agent, a polyisocyanate with an active hydrogen-containing composition that includes a modified vegetable oil-based polyol. The foams exhibit good load-bearing properties, relatively high sag factors, and/or good color retention upon exposure to light.

Description

FLEXIBLE POLYURETHANE FOAMS PREPARED USING POLYOLS BASED ON MODIFIED VEGETABLE OIL Field of the Invention This invention relates to the preparation of flexible polyurethane foams. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Flexible polyurethane foams are commonly made by reacting petroleum-based polyols or polyol compositions with organic polyisocyanates in the presence of catalysts, blowing agents and other optional ingredients. Since the 1960s, flexible polyurethane foams have been used as a component which provides cushioning, load support and comfort of automotive, transportation and other seat designs. To comply with the many and varied requirements of various seating designs, it is necessary that commercial flexible foam producers have technology that allows them to easily and economically vary the hardness of the flexible foams they produce. Hardness and load bearing are two terms that the flexible foam industry often exchanges. Both terms must be understood to relate to the same physical, weight-bearing characteristics of a flexible polyurethane foam.

REF: 171760 The ability of a flexible polyurethane foam to receive and support a weight is commonly defined as its load bearing capacity. Quantification of this property is done in an indentation force deflection test (IFD) that follows standardized procedure guidelines such as in ASTM D 3574, Test B1. There is a wide variety of techniques to vary the hardness of foams. The most commonly used among these techniques involve varying the density of the foam, the isocyanate index, and / or the functionality of the polyol, and the use of copolymer polyols, with copolymer polyols that are most useful. The copolymer polyols typically consist of a polyether polyol which serves as a liquid carrier for millions of very small particles, typically containing styrene / acrylonitrile. Special additive molecules and process steps are necessary to produce a stable dispersion of the particles. In the final polyurethane foam, these aggregate particles function as a classic filler and are a convenient way to adjust the hardness or load-bearing capacity of flexible foams. Although the copolymer polyols are capable of varying the hardness of the foam, they exhibit a number of disadvantages. These disadvantages include variations in the percent in weight of suspended solids, the viscosity of the pure product, and the color of the product. Variations in these characteristics lead to batch to batch behavior differences when copolymer polyols are used in a production environment. In addition, a common industrial problem with the use of copolymer polyols is the plugging of filters located at key points in a foam production plant. The filters are there to catch any traces that originate from normal transport and handling operations. Although copolymer polyols are indicated as having particles designed to be in the range of 1 micrometer in size, it is common for any given transport of the product to plug filters of 100 microns and even larger sizes. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It has been described that flexible polyurethane foams are prepared by reacting a polyisocyanate with an active hydrogen-containing composition (ie, a composition that includes reagents having groups containing hydrogen atoms capable of reacting with a group isocyanate) in the presence of a blowing agent. The composition containing active hydrogen, in turn, includes a polyol based on modified vegetable oil. A "modified vegetable oil-based polyol", as used herein, refers to a polyol that is not Presents in a natural form prepared by treating a vegetable oil to modify the chemical structure of vegetable oil, therefore producing the polyol. Preferably, the treatment involves modifying the double bonds of the vegetable oil. The hydroxyl groups of the modified vegetable oil-based polyol react chemically with the isocyanate groups to form urethane linkages. In this way, the polyol is chemically incorporated in the polyurethane polymer. The BVT Reactivity test, described in more detail below, can be used to evaluate the degree of reaction between hydroxyl groups and isocyanate groups. Preferably, the polyol is characterized such that when combined with a catalyst and toluene diisocyanate to form a reaction mixture according to the protocol indicated in the BVT Reactivity Test, the reaction mixture has a viscosity of at least 5,000. mPas (more preferably at least 10,000 mPas, e, even more preferably, at 20,000 mPas), measured 600 seconds after the formation of the reaction mixture. These foams offer a number of advantages. For example, in some embodiments the foams exhibit good load carrying capacity at a relatively low polyol load, as reflected in the load efficiency number (which is typically at least 4 Newtons / parts of modified vegetable oil-based polyol, and in some embodiments may be at least 7 or at least 10 Newtons / parts of modified vegetable oil-based polyol). The charge efficiency number is calculated according to the procedure described in Van Heu in et al., Application WO 02/10247, using load bearing data from 65% indentation force deflection. Preferably, the foams have a charge efficiency number that is at least as high as the charge efficiency number of a polyurethane foam prepared by replacing an equal amount of a copolymer polyol with the modified vegetable oil-based polyol. The foams also preferably have a hardness value that is greater than the hardness value of a control foam prepared using a composition which contains active hydrogen lacking a modified vegetable oil-based polyol. Active hydrogen-containing compositions used to prepare foams including the modified vegetable oil-based polyol in combination with a polyether-based polyol, polyester-based polyol, or combination thereof, have ideally low viscosities that facilitate easy handling and processing. Preferably the viscosity of the active hydrogen-containing composition is lower than the viscosity of a comparable active hydrogen-containing composition in which a copolymer polyol is substituted. by the modified vegetable oil-based polyol. Compositions containing active hydrogen are also clear, rather than undesirably opaque. For example, when 1-49 parts by weight of the modified vegetable oil-based polyol are combined with 99-51 parts by weight of a polyether-based polyol having a hydroxyl number of less than 120, a stable liquid is formed ( that is, a liquid that is optically clear to the naked eye) at 23 ° C. In addition, compositions containing active hydrogen remain preferably stable at 23 ° C for extended periods of time. Additionally, compositions containing active hydrogen are preferably free of particles having a size greater than 0.1 microns. Another useful attribute of foams is their color fixation, which refers to their ability to retain their white color as it is manufactured over extended periods of time when exposed to light under environmental conditions. Preferably, the foams, upon exposure to light under ambient conditions, for a period of 6 weeks in the absence of an ultraviolet light stabilizer, have an included mirror reflectance color characterized by a value (L) of at least 70. units, a value (b) of no more than 25 units, and, preferably, a value (a) of no more than 4 units, measured according to the protocol described in the Examples section, below. In addition, the foams, as They preferably have values (L), (a) and (b) that meet the listed values, and these values do not substantially change upon exposure to light under the conditions described above. In particular, the values (L) and (b) do not change by more than 14 units, and the value (a) does not change by more than 5 units. The foams exhibit an odor that is at least as good as, if not better than, the odor associated with equivalent foams prepared using a copolymer polyol, rather than a modified vegetable oil-based polyol. In addition, the foams are environmentally friendly since the polyols based on modified vegetable oil are derived from natural, renewable resources, rather than from petroleum resources. The details of one or more embodiments of the invention are indicated in the accompanying drawings and the subsequent description. Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims. Brief Description of the Figures Figure 1 is a graph showing the results of the BVT reactivity test for a petroleum-based polyol (Arcol® LHT-240). Figure 2 is a graph showing the BVT reactivity test results for two polyols a soybean base of the prior art (SoyOyl® GC5N and SoyOyl® P38N). And petroleum-based polyol (Arcol® LHT-240). Figure 3 is a graph showing the results of the BVT reactivity test for three polyols based on modified vegetable oil according to the invention (Polyol E, Polyol F and Polyol G), two polyols based on soy from the technique above (SoyOyl® GC5N and SoyOyl® P38N), and petroleum-based polyol (Arcol® LHT-240). Detailed Description of the Invention Flexible polyurethane foams are prepared by reacting a polyisocyanate with an active hydrogen-containing composition that includes a modified vegetable oil-based polyol. More than one type of modified vegetable oil-based polyol can be included in the composition. In addition, the composition may contain one or more non-vegetable oil-based polyols such as copolymer polyols, polyether-based polyols, polyester-based polyols, and the like, as well as dendritic macromolecules. The reaction is carried out in the presence of a blowing agent and, optionally, a catalyst. The amount of modified vegetable oil-based polyol included in the active hydrogen-containing composition is selected based on the desired performance characteristics of the foam. In general, for applications in which it is desired to increase the load-bearing capacity of the foam, the composition preferably includes 0.5 to 50 parts by weight of the vegetable oil based polyol modified by 100 parts of the active hydrogen-containing material. Also useful for load bearing purposes are compositions wherein the amount of the modified vegetable oil-based polyol is in the range of 1 to 40, or 2 to 30, parts by weight per 100 parts of active hydrogen-containing material. Useful modified vegetable oil-based polyols include polyols prepared by providing an epoxidized vegetable oil (which can be prepared by reacting a peroxyacid with the vegetable oil), and then combining the epoxidized vegetable oil with an alcohol, a catalytic amount of acid fluoroboric, and, optionally, water to form the polyol. Such polyols contain all secondary hydroxyl groups. Essentially all the double bonds of the vegetable oil can be epoxidized. Examples of such preparations are described, for example, in Petrovic et al., U.S. Patent 6,686,435; Petrovic et al. , Patent of the United States of North America 6,107,433; Petrovi et al., Patent of the United States of North America 6,573,354; and Petrovic et al., United States of America 6,433,121, each of which is incorporated herein by reference. Alternatively, the reaction of epoxidation can be carried out under conditions that result in a polyol having residual double bonds. These polyols can be used directly to produce polyurethane foams. Alternatively, they can be reacted with the epoxidized vegetable oils described above in the presence of a fluoroboronic acid catalyst and, optionally, water to form a suitable polyol for the preparation of polyurethane foams. Modified vegetable oil based polyols prepared by a hydroformylation process are also suitable. In this process, a vegetable oil is reacted with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a Group VIII metal catalyst (eg, a rhodium catalyst) to form a hydroformylated vegetable oil. The hydroformylated vegetable oil is then hydrogenated to form the polyol based on modified vegetable oil. This process produces polyols containing all the primary hydroxyl groups. Alternatively, they can be reacted with the epoxidized vegetable oils described above in the presence of a fluoroboronic acid catalyst and, optionally, water to form a suitable polyol for the preparation of polyurethane foams. Examples of suitable vegetable oils include soybean oil, safflower oil, seed oil linen, corn oil, sunflower oil, olive oil, canola oil, sesame oil, cottonseed oil, palm oil, rape seed oil, tung oil, fish oil, peanut oil , and combinations thereof. Also useful are hydrogenated vegetable oils and genetically modified vegetable oils, including safflower oil concentrated in oleic acid, soy bean oil concentrated in oleic acid, peanut oil concentrated in oleic acid, sunflower oil concentrated in oleic acid, and oil of oil. Safflower seed concentrated in erucic acid (crambe oil). Useful polyisocyanates have an average of at least about 2.0 isocyanate groups per molecule. Both aliphatic and aromatic polyisocyanates can be used. Examples of suitable aliphatic polyisocyanates include 1,4-tetramethylene diisocyanate, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, 1,1-dodecane diisocyanate, cyclobutan-1,3-diisocyanate, cyclohexane-1, 3- and 1,4-diisocyanate. , 1,5-diisocyanate-3, 3, 5-trimethylcyclohexane, 2,4- and 4,4'-dihydrocyanate-hydrogenated diphenyl ethane (H12MDI), isophorone diisocyanate, and the like. Examples of suitable aromatic polyisocyanates include 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (TDI), 2,6-toluene diisocyanate (TDI), and mixtures thereof, 1,3- and 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate, diisocyanate 4,4 '-diphenylmethane (including mixtures thereof with minor amounts of the 2,4'- isomer) (MDl), 1,5-naphthylene diisocyanate, triphenylmethane-4,4', 4"- triisocyanate, polyphenylene polymethylene polyisocyanates (PMDI), and the like Derivatives and prepolymers of the above polyisocyanates, such as those containing urethane, carbodiimide, allophanate, isocyanurate, acylated urea, biuret, ester and similar groups, can be The amount of the polyisocyanate is preferably sufficient to provide an isocyanate number of about 60 to about 120, preferably and about 70 to about 110, and, in the case of water-concentrated formulations (ie, formulations containing less about 5 parts by weight of water per 100 parts by weight of other materials containing active hydrogen in the formulation), from about 70 to about e 90. "Isocyanate index" refers to 100 times the proportion of isocyanate groups to active hydrogen groups in the reaction mixture. The blowing agent generates a gas under the conditions of the reaction between the polyol and the polyisocyanate. Suitable blowing agents include water, liquid carbon dioxide, acetone, and pentane, with water being preferred.

The blowing agent is used in an amount sufficient to provide the desired density of the foam. For example, when water is used as the sole blowing agent, from about 0.5 to about 10, preferably from about 1 to about 8, more preferably from about 2 to about 6 parts by weight, are used per 100 parts by weight of others. materials that contain active hydrogen in the formulation. Other additives that may be included in the formulation include surfactants, catalysts, cell size control agents, cell opening agents, colorants, antioxidants, preservatives, static dissipating agents, plasticizers, crosslinking agents, flame retardants, and similar. Examples of useful surfactants include silicone surfactants and alkali metal salts of fatty acids. Silicone surfactants, for example, block copolymers of an alkylene oxide and a dimethylsiloxane, are preferred, with degrees of "low nebulosity" of silicone surfactants being particularly preferred. Examples of useful catalysts include tertiary amine compounds and organometallic compounds. Specific examples of useful tertiary amine compounds include triethylenediamine, N-methylmorpholine, N-ethylmorpholine, diethylethanolamine, N-coco morpholine, l-methyl-4-dimethylaminoethylpiperazine, 3-methoxy-N-dimethylpropylamine, N, N-diethyl-3-diethylaminopropylamine, dimethylbenzylamine, bis (2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether, and the like. Tertiary amine catalysts are advantageously used in an amount of from about 0.01 to about 5, preferably from about 0.05 to about 2 parts per 100 parts by weight of the active hydrogen-containing materials in the formulation. Specific examples of useful organometallic catalysts include organic salts of metals such as tin, bismuth, iron, zinc, and the like, with the organotin catalysts being preferred. Suitable organotin catalysts include dimethyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin dilaurate, stannous octoate, and the like. Other suitable catalysts are taught, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 2,846,408, which is incorporated herein by reference. Preferably, about 0.001 to about 1.0 parts by weight of an organometallic catalyst are used per 100 parts by weight of the active hydrogen-containing materials in the formulation. Catalyst mixtures can also be used. In some cases, a static dissipating agent may be included in the formulation during the preparation of foam, or used to treat the finished foam. Useful examples include ionizable, non-volatile metal salts, optionally together with an improvement compound, as described in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,806,571, 4,618,630 and 4,617,325. Of particular interest is the use of up to about 3 weight percent of sodium tetraphenyl bride or a sodium salt of a perfluorinated aliphatic carboxylic acid which has up to about 8 carbon atoms. Both techniques of free increase (cellular foam foamed in blocks) and molding can be used to prepare the foam. In cell-foam-plated processes, the reagents are mixed and emptied into a conveyor where the reaction mixture enlarges against its own weight and cures. In the molding process, the reagents are mixed and supplied in a mold where they react, filling the mold and assuming the shape of the mold cavity. It is often desirable to post-cure the foam after the initial foaming (and demold in the case of molded foams) to develop the optimum physical properties. The post-curing can be done under ambient conditions for a period of about 12 hours to seven days, or at elevated temperatures for a period of about 10 minutes to about 3 hours.

In some cases, it may be desirable to open the cell walls of the foam mechanically. This is most conveniently done by any of the known compression techniques. In some cases, it is desirable to prepare foams having two or more areas that have different hardness values. One or both of the areas may comprise the flexible polyurethane foams described above prepared using polyols based on modified vegetable oil. The product foams exhibit good mechanical properties, including density, tensile strength, tear resistance, and elongation at break. In general, the foam densities are in the range of 8 to 160 kg / m3, preferably 12 to 128 kg / m3, and more preferably 16 to 80 kg / m3. The particular density value is selected based on the application for which the foam is proposed. Foams can be used in a variety of applications. For example, foams can be incorporated into seat components (e.g., seat cushions, seat backs, or both) for use in motor vehicles or furniture. In the case of seat components for use in motor vehicles, multiple hardness foams are particularly useful. Other examples of applications for foam include shavings, mattresses, and packaging foams flexible EXAMPLES ABBREVIATIONS The following abbreviations are used throughout this section: B-Side masterbatch- The premix of polyol (s), surfactant (s), crosslinker (s), catalyst (s), additive (s), and agent (s) ) of blowing, which will be combined with a desired polyisocyanate to initiate a reaction that produces the foam. BVT- An abbreviation for words Proof of Viscosity of Brookfield. This test is a simple and convenient way to compare the gelatin reactivity characteristics of various polyols with a polyisocyanate of interest. CPP- An abbreviation for the words copolymer polyol. CS - An abbreviation for the words compression fixation. Smell of Foam - In some cases, immediately after demolding and compressing by hand, each of the foams is classified by its odorous characteristics. A normal classification is assigned for foams that exhibit an odor not different from that normally expected from freshly prepared foam using conventional technology. In Other examples, the foam sometimes takes a noticeable odor that can be traced back to the particular polyol that is used. A soft classification is assigned to those foams that have a noticeably different but not objectionable odor level. A strong rating indicates that the odor is different and is present at such a level that most observers can object to it. In other cases, the odor of the foam is evaluated according to the SAEJ1351 protocol, described later in the "Odor Test" section. Foam thickness - A subjective evaluation of how closed or open the cell is after it is immediately demoulded. The thickness infers that the foam has a more closed than open cell. The more closed a foam cell is, the thicker it is and this has implications for how easy it will tear during the demolding event and how much compressive pressure will be needed to mechanically compress the opening of the foam cells to avoid break as soon as the foam cools. HACS- An abbreviation for the words compression fixation aged by humidity. Manual Compression - The physical action of placing hands on the surface shown of a recently demoulded foam pad and repeatedly hitting the foam again and again to cause the rupture of any closed cell windows that may be present in the foam. The action is repeated between the total surface of the pad to ensure uniformity in the various sections of the pad. Charge efficiency number - A number calculated as in the application WO 02/10247 to assist in deciding which candidate method of foam hardness adjustment is more efficient. The load efficiency ratio is defined as the number of Newtons of foam hardness increase per part by weight of aggregate load increase material. The reference to a base or control formulation which does not contain load adjusting additive is necessary for an appropriate calculation of the classification. Load bearing characteristics - A collective term used to refer to the results found in testing the load-bearing capacity of a flexible foam. The data normally reported include the indentation force deflection values of 25 to 65%. Combat Factor - A number calculated as the ratio of the indentation force deflection value to 65% to the deflection value of the indentation force. MATERIALS The following materials are used in the Examples: Arcol® F-3022- a weight polyether triol Nominal, petroleum-based molecular 3000 made by the addition of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide to a glycerin-based starter compound. Typical characteristics of the commercially available product include a water white color, terminal hydroxyl which are all secondary in nature, a hydroxyl number of about 56, and a viscosity at 25 ° C in the range of 480 mPas. The material reveals a very mild and characteristic polyether polyol odor. This material is available from Bayer Corporation. Arcol® LHT-240- a nominal, petroleum-based 700 molecular weight polyether triol made by the addition of propylene oxide to a glycerin-based starter compound. Typical characteristics of the commercially available product include a water white color, terminal hydroxyl which are all secondary in nature, a hydroxyl number of about 238, and a viscosity of 25 ° C in the range of 250 mPas. The material reveals a mild and characteristic smell of polyether polyol. This material is available from Bayer Corporation. Chem-Trend PRC-7166- A solvent-based, appropriate mold release composition available from Chem-Trend Corporation. Dabco®BL-ll- A commercial catalyst product from Air Products Corporation which consists of a solution to the 70% bis (dimethylaminoethyl) ether in dipropylene glycol. Typically used as a catalyst for the blowing reaction. Dabco® DC-5169. A commercial surfactant product from Air Products Corporation. Dabco® 33 -LV - A commercial catalyst product of Air Products Corporation which consists of a 33% by weight solution of triethylene diamine in dipropylene glycol. Typically used as a polymerization or gelation catalyst. DEOA- Diethanolamine. A pure, commercial grade of Huntsman is used as a foam stabilizing crosslinker in this work. Hyperlite® Polyol E-848- A polyether polyol of the high-functionality, petroleum-based type made by adding propylene oxide to a suitable starter compound to achieve an intermediate molecular weight and then crowning at the end with ethylene oxide of such Thus, the final product has improved reactivity due to its increased functionality and the presence of primary hydroxyls. Typical characteristics of the material include a very light straw color, a functionality of 3.8, a hydroxyl number of about 31.5 and a viscosity of 25 ° C in the range of 1100 mPas. The material reveals a very mild and characteristic polyether polyol odor. This material is commercially available from Bayer Corporation.

Hyperlite® Copolymer Polyol E-849 - A petroleum-based polyether polyol which nominally contains 41 weight percent of dispersed and stabilized styrene / acrylonitrile-containing copolymer particles. Typical characteristics of the material include a cream color, a hydroxyl number of approximately 18 and a viscosity at 25 ° C in the range of 6500 mPas. The material reveals a characteristic and mild copolymer polyol odor. This material is commercially available from Bayer Corporation. Niax® D-19- a tin-based gelling catalyst available from GE Silicones-OSI Specialties, Inc. Niax®, Y-10184- A silicone-based surfactant available from GE Silicones-OSI Specialties, Inc. The product is designed for use in the manufacture of molded polyurethane flexible foams. Polyol A- For the later examples, this material is Hyperlite® E-849 copolymer polyol. Polyol B- For the following Examples, this material is polyol Arcol® LHT-240. Polyol C- For the later examples, this material is SoyOyl® GC5N polyol. Polyol D- For the later examples, this material is SoyOyl® P38N polyol. Polyol E- A modified soybean oil-based polyol prepared according to the procedure described in Example 6 of Petrovi, Patent of the United States of America 6, 433,121. Typical characteristics of the product include positive reactivity with isocyanate compounds, terminal hydroxyls that are secondary in nature, a hydroxyl functionality of 3.8, a hydroxyl number of 200 and a viscosity at 25 ° C in the range of 12,000 mPas. The product is clear straw in color and reveals a very soft and characteristic smell. Polyol F- A modified soybean oil-based polyol prepared as described below. The polyol contains unreacted double bonds. Typical characteristics of the product include positive reactivity with isocyanate compounds, terminal hydroxyls that are secondary in nature, a hydroxyl number of 192, and a viscosity of 25 ° C in the range of 5,500 mPas. The product is clear straw in color and reveals a very soft and characteristic smell. Polyol G- A modified soybean oil-based polyol prepared according to the process described below. Typical product characteristics include positive reactivity with isocyanate compounds, terminal hydroxyls that are primary in nature, a hydroxyl functionality of 4.5, a hydroxyl number of 220, and a viscosity of 25 ° C in the range of 14,000 mPa. The product is clear in color and reveals a very soft and characteristic odor.

Polyol H- A modified soybean oil-based polyol prepared according to the process described below. Typical characteristics of the product include positive reactivity with isocyanate compounds, terminal hydroxy groups which are all secondary in nature, a hydroxyl number of 89, and a viscosity at 25 ° C in the range of 2,300 mPas. The product has a straw color and reveals a soft and characteristic smell. SoyOyl® GC5N- A biological polyol designed for semi-flexible and rigid foam applications, commercially offered by Urethane Soy Systems Company. Typical characteristics reported of the product include a functionality of 3, a hydroxyl number of 275 and a viscosity at 25 ° C of 2,700 mPas. It is indicated that the product contains significant levels of glycerin and added sucrose. The material is amber in color and reveals a strong odor suggestive of soybean oil. SoyOyl ® P38N- A biological polyol designed for flexible foams applications, commercially offered by Urethane Soy Systems Company. Typical reported characteristics of the product include a functionality of 2, a hydroxyl number of 53 and a viscosity of 25 ° C of 2,800 mPas. The material is amber in color and reveals a strong odor suggestive of soybean oil. Tegostab® B-2370 - A surfactant product commercial of Degussa AG designed for the use of cellular foam foam sponge blocks. Tegostab® B-4690 LF- A low degree of nebulosity of the surfactant commercially available from Degussa AG. Toluene Diisocyanate - In this work, a commercially obtained sample of the 80/20 mie of the 2,4 and 2,5 isomers of toluene diisocyanate is used. The material is from Bayer Corporation and is identified as Grade A of its Mondur® TD-80 product. Water - A commercially sold grade of distilled water is used as an indirect blowing agent. SYNTHESIS OF POLYOL 1. Polyol F The preparation of modified soybean oil-based Polyol F begins with the experimental assembly of a 2-liter, 3-neck round bottom flask equipped with temperature control, an addition funnel , a reflux condenser and an agitator. To this reactor system is added 500 grams (2.5 moles of double bonds) of soybean oil commercially purchased from Archer Daniels Midland Company as the RBD grade and having an Iodine Value of 127 mg I2 / 100 g and a viscosity of 60 mPas. 75 grams of glacial acetic acid (1.25 moles) and 6.36 grams of a 50% solution of sulfuric acid (0.0325 moles) in water are also added to the reactor. They mix completely these ingredients while carrying the reactor system to a temperature of 70 ° C. After obtaining the temperature fixation point, 243 grams of a 35% solution of hydrogen peroxide in water (catalog number of Aldrich 34,988-7) is added from the addition funnel over a period of 30 minutes while maintains the temperature at the fixed point of 70 ° C and shakes vigorously. After an additional 4.5 hours of reaction time, the contents of the reactor system are transferred to a 2-liter separatory funnel and allowed to cool. During the cooling period, water and unpurified partially epoxidized soybean oil are separated into two layers. The development of the product continues by draining the first layer of water and then washing with water the layer of soybean oil partially epoxidized in three separate times with aliquots of 1 liter of distilled water. The partially washed epoxidized soy bean oil is then isolated again and 40 grams of a basic ion exchange resin (Lewatite MP-64 from Bayer) are added. This mie is allowed to stir for 2 hours to allow neutralization of any remaining acid. The product is then filtered to remove the ion exchange resin and subjected to low vacuum to remove residual water. You get a bean oil product from final partially epoxidized soybean which has an iodine value of 25.6 mg of I2 / 100 grams and a number of epoxy oxygen content of 5.4%. The preparation of the modified soybean oil-based Polyol F continues with the cleaning and re-assembly of the same reactor system described above. 330 grams (10.33 moles) of methanol, 83 grams (4.59 moles) of water and 6,731 grams of tetrafluoroboric acid are added to the reactor (as a 48% mixture with water, available as catalog number 20, 703-4 from of Aldrich). These ingredients are thoroughly mixed while bringing the reactor system to boiling point. Then 510 grams (1.72 moles of epoxy groups) of the epoxidized soybean oil partially prepared above are added rapidly to the vigorously stirred reactor. After an additional 60 minutes of reaction time, 100 grams of a basic ion exchange resin (Lewatite MP-64 from Bayer) is added to neutralize the acids. This mixture is stirred for 1 hour and then allowed to cool. The recovery of the product continues by filtering the solid ion exchange resin and removing the residual water and alcohol by vacuum distillation. The modified soybean oil-based polyol recovered final is clear straw in color and has a number of hydroxyl of 192 mg KOH / g and a viscosity of 25 ° C of 5,500 mPas. 2. Polyol G The preparation of a Modified soybean oil-based Polyol G begins with the experimental setting of a 500 milliliter high-pressure stainless steel reactor. This reactor is equipped with temperature control, a gas addition door and an agitator. To this reactor system is added 100 grams (0.512 grams of double bonds) of soybean oil commercially purchased from Archer Daniels Midland Company as the RBD grade and having an Iodine Value of 127 mg I2 / 100 grams and a viscosity of 60 mPas. 0.129 grams (0.0005 grams) of rhodium dicarbonylacetylacetonate and 0.66 grams are also added to the reactor (0.0025 moles) of triphenylphosphine. The reactor is closed and these ingredients are thoroughly mixed while flowing into the reactor system with three volumes of a synthetic gas mixture which consists of an equal molar ratio of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The reactor is then pressurized to 13.4 mPa with the same gas composition. The stirring continues, and over a period of 25 minutes the reactor system is brought to a temperature of 90 ° C. The reaction is allowed to continue under these conditions for an additional two hours. Then the reactor temperature at 70 ° C, the gas pressure is released and the reactor is flowed again with three volumes of pure hydrogen gas. The reactor is then pressurized to 3.4 mPa with the hydrogen gas, sealed, stirred, heated to 130 ° C and maintained under those conditions for 30 minutes to deactivate the rhodium-based catalyst. After cooling the reactor to 30 ° C and releasing the gas pressure, the reactor is opened and charged with 9 grams of Raney nickel and 50 milliliters of isopropanol in the reactor. The system is re-sealed, flowed with three volumes of hydrogen gas and then pressurized to 4.1 mPa with hydrogen gas. Stirring is started and the temperature is increased to 110 ° C. The reaction is allowed to continue for 5 hours under a hydrogen pressure maintained at 3 to 5 mPa. The reactor is then allowed to cool to room temperature and the gas pressure is released. The recovery of the product consists of filtering the contents of the reactor through Celite and removing the residual solvent by vacuum distillation. The modified soybean oil-modified polyol recovered final is a light brown liquid which has a hydroxyl number of 220 mg KOH / g and a viscosity at 25 ° C of 14,000 mPas. 3. Polyol H The preparation of Polyol H based on modified soybean oil begins with the experimental assembly of a round bottom flask, 3-necked, 5-liter equipped with temperature control, an addition funnel, a reflux condenser and an agitator. To this reactor system is added 1500 grams of soybean oil commercially purchased from Archer Daniels Midland Company as the RBD grade and having an iodine value of 131 mg I2 / 100 grams and a viscosity of 62 mPas. 225 grams of glacial acetic acid and 19 grams of a 50% solution of sulfuric acid in water are also added to the reactor. These ingredients are mixed thoroughly while the reactor system is brought to a temperature of 70 ° C. After obtaining the temperature fixing point, 729 grams of a 35% solution of hydrogen peroxide in water (catalog number of Aldrich 34,988-7) are added from the addition funnel over a period of 30 minutes while the temperature fixing point is maintained at 70 ° C and vigorous stirring. After an additional 45 minutes of reaction time, the contents of the reactor system are transferred to a 3 liter separatory funnel and allowed to cool. During the cooling period, water and soybean oil partially epoxidized without purification are separated into two layers.

The development of the product continues by draining the first layer of water and then washing the partially epoxidized soy bean oil layer with water without purifying it three times separately with 1 liter aliquots of distilled water. The partially washed epoxy-washed soybean oil is then isolated again and 100 grams of a basic ion exchange resin (Lewatite MP-64 from Bayer). This mixture is stirred for 2 hours to allow neutralization of any remaining acid. The product is then filtered to remove the ion exchange resin and subjected to low vacuum to remove residual water. A final partially epoxidized soybean oil product is obtained which has an iodine value of 88 mg I2 / 100 grams and an epoxy content number of 1.89%. The modified soybean oil-based Polyol H preparation continues with the experimental setup of a 1 liter three-necked round bottom flask equipped with temperature control, an addition funnel, reflux condenser and agitation. 63 grams of a modified soybean oil-based polyol prepared in advance by a hydroformylation technique similar to that described for making the above Polyol G is added to the reactor. For the particular hydroformylated polyol used herein, the reaction is carried out exactly as for Polyol G with the exception of using cobalt carbonyl as a catalyst instead of rhodium dicarbonylacetylacetonate. 0.5 grams of tetrafluoroboric acid (as a 48% mixture with water) is also added to the reactor. These ingredients are thoroughly mixed while the reactor system is brought to 100 ° C. Then 150 grams of partially epoxidized soybean oil is added to this synthesis of Polyol H to the vigorously stirred reactor. After an additional 40 minutes of reaction time, the system is cooled to 50 ° C and 10 grams of a basic ion exchange resin (Lewatite MP-64 from Bayer) are added to neutralize the acids. This mixture is stirred for 1 hour and then filtered to remove the ion exchange resin. The recovery of the product continues with the removal of residual water by vacuum distillation. The modified soybean oil-based polyol recovered final is clear straw in color and has a hydroxyl number of 80 mg KOH / g and a viscosity at 25 ° C of 2.3000 mPas. REACTIVITY OF POLYOL GEL FORMATION The reactivity of potential gel formation of polyols is evaluated using the BVT Reactivity Test. This simple viscosity growth test is a convenient way to compare the reactivity characteristics of various polyols in a model gel reaction with toluene diisocyanate. To determine the gel-forming reactivity characteristics of a polyol, a conveniently sized sample of the polyol (typically 100 grams) is placed in a 125 milliliter wide-mouth glass bottle. A 0.25 cubic centimeter Dabco® 33-LV catalyst is added to this bottle by means of an exact glass syringe. The contents of the bottle are then stirred at 1000 RPM for 30 seconds using any typical laboratory electric stirrer equipped with a Model LM mixing blade, Jiffy Mixer brand. After stirring in the catalyst, an amount of toluene diisocyanate equivalent to an index 105 is added and the bottle is again stirred for 30 seconds in the same mixing equipment mentioned above. At the end of the 30-second mixture, the bottle is removed from the agitator, placed in the viscometer and the growth of the viscosity is recorded over a period of 20 minutes. With suitably dried samples, no foaming is involved and the test is presumed to just measure events related to polymer formation or gel formation reaction. The collected time and viscosity data are conveniently plotted with any spreadsheet program or graphics to give a BVT Reactivity curve of footprint for the polyol that is tested. The Main factors influencing the position and shape of the reactivity curve include the molecular weight and functionality of the polyol, the presence of secondary and / or primary hydroxyls, and any negative contributions that originate from contaminants such as traces of acids or bases. Preparation of Molded Flexible Foams (a) Preparation of Masterbatchs As a first step in forming flexible molded foams listed in the examples, side master batches of Formulation B are made by adding the various ingredients of the desired foam formulation to a jar. 1 gallon wide mouth plastic (4 liters). The polyols are added to the jar first and placed in a laboratory mixer, electric, equipped with a mixing blade, Model HS-2, brand Jiffy Mixer. The mixing is started and all the other formulation ingredients are added in turn while the mixer continues to run. After the addition of the last formulation ingredient, mixing continues for an additional 15 minutes. The masterbatch is then removed from the mixer and a sample is taken from the 1000 milliliter wide-mouth glass jar for viscosity measurement and observation of color and clarity. The remaining master batch is capped and allowed to settle while other preparations are completed to make the foam After conditioning the temperature to 25 ° C, the viscosity of the master batch is measured using a traditional Brookfield brand rotational style viscometer. (b) Test Block Mold and its Preparation To determine the basic foaming properties and to obtain sample pads for physical property test of the foam, foams are prepared in an electrically heated aluminum mold of 38.1 x 38.1 x 11.4 centimeters . The temperature of the mold is controlled electronically at 66 ° C (+ 1 ° C). The mold is equipped with an articulated flange, strong mechanical fasteners on three sides and the five traditional vent holes. The vents are dimensioned in a diameter of 0.31 centimeters. Before emptying each foam, the mold receives a Chem-Trend PRC-7166 mold release coating spray. (c) Method for mixing ingredients and foam production Foam production is initiated by adding the desired amount of a master batch of formulation B to a 33 oz. (935.55 grams) model (Model DMC-33, available from International Paper Company). Four weights for the master lot lot B and the toluene diisocyanate annex are closed controlled in such a way that with the packing Nominal in the mold, foam cushions are prepared in a molded density of 32 kg / m3. All foams of molded examples are prepared at a toluene diisocyanate index of 100. For each formulation, the calculated amount of toluene diisocyanate is carefully weighed into a 400 milliliter trivate-style plastic beaker and placed next to it. near the mixing station. To start the foam production reactions, the cup containing the master batch side B is placed in a mixing device built from a press shop of size 10 inches (25.4 cm), Model DP-200, Delta Brand ShopMaster fixed with a mixing blade, 3 inches (7.62 cm) in diameter, Model ITC, Brand ConnBlade, Coon Mixers Company. The mixer is set to run at 1100 RPM for a total time of 30 seconds which is controlled by an electronic countdown timer. Mixing is started by a foot switch. As soon as the stopwatch counts down, the beaker of the toluene diisocyanate is taken and in 6 seconds of the remaining mixing time, the toluene diisocyanate is quickly added to the cup. At the end of the mixing cycle, the contents of the mixing bowl in the mold are quickly emptied in a normal spot casting pattern. The lid is closed of the mold, it is locked and the foam is allowed to cure for six minutes. During the curing period, the venting of the central molding is observed closely so that a time of increase for that particular formulation can be recorded. At the end of the curing cycle, the mold lid is opened, the foam pad removed and compressed immediately by hand. The foam cushions are cut, weighed, labeled and allowed to settle for seven days at 25 ° C and 50% relative humidity before the physical properties are tested. Preparation of Flexible Cellular Plastic Foams Block Sponges Flexible plastic foam foams made in flexible blocks used in Examples 26 and 27 are made using the procedure described above for molded flexible foams except that an isocyanate index 105 is used, and foams are allowed to be used. increase freely and cure in open paper containers at the top. Proof of Physical Properties The physical properties of flexible foams are measured following the procedures listed in ASTM D 3574.

In the case of the moisture-aged compression fixation test, the conditions of moisture aging are the conditions indicated in Test J, Procedure J of ASTM D 3574. In order to compare the charge increase effect of several candidate polyols, the "charge efficiency" classification system taught by Van Heumen et al. Is used in the application WO 02/10247. In that publication, the loading efficiency is defined as the number of Newtons of foam hardness increase per part by weight of the load increase material added to a base or control foam formulation. The higher numbers are desired and coupled with cost data so that the additive technology allows the foam producer to select the best load-building option on the basis of dollars per Newton added. In the Examples that follow, the calculation is made using load bearing data from the 65% foam deflection. Odor test A SAE J1351 test protocol is used. In each example, three 1-quart metal cans and lids are placed in an oven at 65 ° C for 1 hour. The first can has no foam, and in this way it is used as a control. The second can includes a dry sample of the foam. The third can includes the foam plus 2 cm3 of distilled water. Before removal of the oven, each can is evaluated by its smell by a panel of three people, who assign a classification in the range of 1 to 5 for each can. The classification is as follows: 1. No noticeable smell 2. Light smell, but remarkable. 3. Definitive odor, but not strong enough to be offensive 4. Strong offensive odor 5. Very strong offensive odor. Color test Color measurements are made using a HunterLab Ultrascan XE spectrocolorimeter with a 6-inch integration sphere. The mirror reflectance included and not included is done in accordance with ASTM E308 with a 10 ° observer and D65 lighting. The specimen door is circular and is measured 1 inch (2.54 cm) in diameter with an observation angle of 8o and a beam diameter of 1 inch (2.54 cm). The data reduction is computed from the spectral data taken every 10 nm over the wavelength range from 375 nm to 750 nm. The color scale is L, a, b. Examples 1-6 The purpose of these examples is to compare the reactivity of gel formation of several polyols according to the BVT reactivity test protocol: Example 1: Arcol® LHT-240 (Polyol B); Example 2: SoyOyl® GC5N (Polyol C) M Example 3: SoyOyl® P38N (Polyol D); Example 4: Polyol E Example 5: Polyol F Example 6: Polyol G The results are shown in Figures 1-3. The results show that two of the modified vegetable oil-based polyols (Polyols E and F) have reactivities with toluene diisocyanate that are comparable with those of the petroleum-based polyol., and significantly higher than any of the SoyOyl® polyols. The polyol G has a reactivity with toluene diisocyanate which is higher than both the petroleum-based polyol and the SoyOyl® polyols. The viscosity of each reaction mixture is measured 600 seconds after the polyol, toluene diisocyanate and catalyst are combined. The results are reported in Table 1. The results show that the reaction mixtures containing the 3 polyols based on modified vegetable oil (Polyols E, F and G) have viscosities greater than 20,000 mPas after 600 seconds. This compares favorably to the petroleum-based polyol (Polyol B), and demonstrates positive reactivity between the polyol and the diisocyanate. In contrast, the reaction mixtures containing Polyols C and D have considerably lower viscosities, suggesting minimal reaction, at most, between the polyol and the diisocyanate.

Table 1 Examples 7-9 (Comparative) Comparative Example 7 relates to a molded, flexible polyurethane foam that does not contain any ingredients added specifically for the purpose of altering the load-bearing characteristics of the final foam. The foam ingredients and properties are listed in Table 2. The Masterbatch that is prepared for this example is clear and white water in appearance. It is easy to visually determine when a homogeneous mixture of the various ingredients has been obtained. The viscosity of the master batch is low. Immediately after manually demolding and compressing, the fresh foam presents a typical odor of this type of petroleum-based polyether foam. The load bearing characteristics are such that foam can normally be classified as "soft" by those skilled in the art. Since there is no charge adjustment polyol present in this formulation, there is no reported calculation of load efficiency for this foam. Comparative examples 8 and 9 relate to flexible molded polyurethane foams prepared using two different levels of a copolymer polyol (Polyol A). The foam ingredients and properties of these foams are also listed in Table 2. The resulting master batches are opaque in nature and have an undesirable cream color. Such characteristics impossible to determine when the ingredients of the formulation have been completely mixed. The color of the master batch also transferred into the final foam, gives it an undesirable cream color. The presence of undesirable colored bodies is particularly evident when the foam is observed after placing it on an inspection table, of back lighting style. When a flexible foam formulation is added, the styrene / acrylonitrile-containing particles of the copolymer polyol have the net effect of increasing the load-bearing characteristics of the final foam. Table 2 Examples 10-12 (Comparative) Comparative Example 10 relates to foams of flexible molded polyurethane prepared using a petroleum-based polyether polyol (Polyol B). The ingredients and properties of the foam are listed in Table 3. The masterbatch is water white and clear in appearance, and has low viscosity. Comparative Examples 11 and 12 relate to flexible molded polyurethane foams prepared using two polyols derived from soybean oil of the prior art: SoyOyl® GC5N (Polyol C) and SoyOyl® P38N (Polyol D). The ingredients and properties of the foam are also listed in Table 3. These foams are cream colored and exhibit a strong and objectionable odor. The foam resulting from Example 11 shows no useful increase in load bearing. Attempts to increase the levels of Polyol C and Polyol D result in foams that collapse. Table 3 Color White amber water Amber Viscosity 25 ° C, mPa 1100 2312 2484 Foam Properties Molding density, 32 32 kg / m3 foam collapsed in 10-30 parts Bounce ball elasticity, 44 50% Foam Odor Normal Strong Foam Foam color White Beige Beige % IFD, N / 323 cm2 92 101 65% IFD, N / 323 cm2 263 264 IFD back to 25%, 68 82 N / 323 cm2 Bending factor 2.9 2.6% hysteresis loss 26 19 Charge efficiency , N / part 0.3 0.4 of polyol Air flow, scfm 2.5 3.1 CS at 50%,% 31 17 HACS at 50%,% 41 18 Elongation,% 112 131 EXAMPLES 13-18 These examples relate to polyurethane foams of flexible molded prepared polyols based on vegetable oil modified according to the invention. The ingredients and foam properties are listed in Table 4. Examples 13-18 demonstrate that excellent foams can be made using a combination of conventional surfactants that are much less active, much more specific in their function, and more economical to use surfactants such as Niax® Y-10184 used in Comparative Examples 7-12. This suggests that the modified vegetable oil-based polyols of the present invention may exhibit a surprising level of auto-surfactant capacity such that high-activity, high-performance, and rather expensive surfactants normally used to prepare the flexible polyurethane foams are not necessary. In Examples 13-15, the foams are prepared using various levels of Polyol E. The master lots resulting are clear in appearance, acceptable in color, and have remarkably low viscosities. Foam pads are successfully made from each formulation and manual compression is easily done by giving undamaged foam pads for physical properties testing. The odor in freshly prepared foams progresses from normal at the lower use level to a characteristic mild odor at higher use levels. Examples 13-15 show an increase in load bearing characteristics as soon as the level of Polyol E is increased. In Examples 16-18, various amounts of Polyol F are replaced by Polyol E. The resulting master batches are clear in appearance, low in color, and have remarkably low viscosities. Table 4 Examples 19-20 These examples relate to flexible molded polyurethane foams prepared using another modified vegetable oil-based polyol according to the invention. The ingredients and properties of the foam are listed in Table 5. In these foams, Polyol G is used at increased levels. The master batches results are clear in appearance, acceptable in color and low in viscosity. The smell in recently prepared foams is normal. Example 5 Examples 21-24 In these examples, the odor of the foam is evaluated according to the Odor Test protocol indicated above. The following foam samples are used: Example 21 (comparative). The composition of the foam is the same as the composition of the foam described in Comparative Example 8. The polyols are a combination of polyether based on Hyperlite® E-848 polyether and copolymer polyol (Hyperlite ® E-849). Example 22: The composition of the foam is the same as the composition of the foam described in Example 13. The polyols are a combination of polyol based on Hyperlite ® E-848 polyether and Polyol E. Example 23: The composition of the foam is the same as the composition of the foam described in Example 20.

Polyols are a combination of polyether based polyether Hyperlite ® E-848 and polyol G. Example 24 (Comparative). The composition of the foam is the same as the composition of the foam described in Comparative Example 11. The polyols are a combination of polyether based polyether Hyperlite ® E-848 and polyol C (polyol SoyOyl® GC5N). The results of the tests are shown in Table 6. They demonstrate that foams prepared using modified vegetable oil-based polyols according to the invention exhibit acceptable odor properties.

Table 6 Example 25 Compositions containing active hydrogen at room temperature (about 23 ° C) are prepared by combining polyether based on Hyperlite® E-848 polyether with 5, 10, 20 and 30 parts by weight per hundred parts of composition of either a modified vegetable oil based polyol (Polyol E) or, for comparative purposes, Polyol C (SoyOyl ®GC5N). The Hyperlite ® E-848 polyol itself is optically clear. It remains clear before each addition of Polyol E. In contrast, compositions containing active hydrogen prepared using Polyol C are nebulae even with the addition of as little as 5 parts of Polyol C. A composition which contains active hydrogen prepared by adding 30 parts of Polyol E per 100 parts of composition to Hyperlite® E-848 initially is optically clear, and remains optically clear after 8 months at room temperature (approximately 23 ° C). Examples 26-27 The purpose of these examples is to investigate the color fixation of flexible polyurethane foams prepared using various polyols. The foam ingredients are listed in Table 7. None of the foams include an ultraviolet light stabilizer.

Table 7 A sample of each foam is cut, wrapped in aluminum foil, and then tested for color according to the Color Test procedure described above to give results for the unexposed foam (i.e., a foam that has not been exposed to the foam). ambient light). A second sample of each foam is cut and exposed to light under ambient conditions for a period of 6 weeks, after which it is tested for color according to the Color Test procedure. The results are shown later in Table 8 (color coefficients with mirror reflectance included) and Table 9 (color coefficients with mirror reflectance not included). In general, the higher the value of L and the lower the values a and b, the whiter the foam. The results show that the prepared foam using a modified vegetable oil-based polyol (Example 27) retains its initial white color better than the foam prepared solely from a polyether-based polyol (Example 26 (Comparative)). Table 8 A number of embodiments of the invention have been described. However, it will be understood that various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims. It is noted that in relation to this date, the best method known to the applicant to carry out the aforementioned invention, is that which is clear from the present description of the invention.

Claims

CLAIMS Having described the invention as above, the claim contained in the following claims is claimed as property: 1. A flexible polyurethane foam characterized in that it comprises the reaction product, in the presence of a blowing agent, of: (a) a polyisocyanate and ( b) a composition which contains active hydrogen which comprises a polyol based on modified vegetable oil, wherein the foam has a charge efficiency number of at least 4 Newtons / parts of polyol based on modified vegetable oil.
2. The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 1, characterized in that the foam has a charge efficiency number of at least 7 Newtons / parts of polyol based on modified vegetable oil.
3. The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 1, characterized in that the foam has a charge efficiency number of at least 10 Newtons / parts of polyol based on modified vegetable oil.
4. The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 1, characterized in that the foam has a number of charge efficiency which is at least the number of loading efficiency of as high as a polyurethane foam prepared by replacing an equal amount of a copolymer polyol by the modified vegetable oil-based polyol.
5. The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 1, characterized in that the foam has a density in the range of 8 to 160 kg / m3.
6. The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 1, characterized in that the foam has a density in the range of 12 to 128 kg / m3.
The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 1, characterized in that the foam has a density in the range of 16 to 80 kg / m3.
The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 1, characterized in that the foam, before exposure to light under ambient conditions for a period of 6 weeks in the absence of an ultraviolet light stabilizer, has a color distinguished by a value (L) of at least 70 units and a value (b) of no more than 25 units.
9. The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 8, characterized in that the foam has a distinguished color for a value (a) of no more than 4 units.
The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 1, characterized in that the foam, as manufactured, has a color distinguished by a value (L) of at least 70 units and a value (b) of not more than 25 units, and where, before exposure to light under environmental conditions for a period of 6 weeks in the absence of an ultraviolet light stabilizer, the value (L) does not change by more than 14 units and the value (b) does not change for more than 14 units.
11. The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 10, characterized in that the foam, as manufactured, has a value (a) of no more than 4 units and where, upon exposure to light under ambient conditions for a period of time of 6 weeks in the absence of an ultraviolet light stabilizer, the value (a) does not change by more than 5 units.
The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 1, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil based polyol is distinguished in such a way that when the polyol is combined with a catalyst and a toluene diisocyanate to form a reaction mixture of According to the BVT Reactivity Test, the reaction mixture has a viscosity of at least 5,000 mPas, measure 600 seconds after the formation of the reaction mixture.
The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 1, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil-based polyol is distinguished in such a way that when the polyol is combined with a catalyst and a toluene diisocyanate to form a reaction mixture of according to the BVT Reactivity Test, the reaction mixture has a viscosity of at least 10,000 mPas, measured 600 seconds after the formation of the reaction mixture.
14. The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 1, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil based polyol is distinguished in such a way that when the polyol is combined with a catalyst and a toluene diisocyanate to form a reaction mixture of According to the BVT Reactivity Test, the reaction mixture has a viscosity of at least 20,000 mPas, measured 600 seconds after the formation of the reaction mixture.
15. The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 1, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil-based polyol comprises a modified soybean oil-based polyol.
16. The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 1, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil based polyol is prepared by a process which comprises reacting one or more of the double bonds of a vegetable oil.
17. The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 1, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil-based polyol is prepared by a process which comprises: (a) providing an epoxidized vegetable oil; and (b) combining the epoxidized vegetable oil with an alcohol and a catalytic amount of fluoroboric acid to form the modified vegetable oil-based polyol 18.
The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 17, characterized in that the epoxidized vegetable oil is a vegetable oil partially epoxidized, and the polyol based on modified vegetable oil includes double bonds.
The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 1, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil based polyol is prepared by a process which comprises: (a) reacting a vegetable oil with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a Group VIII metal catalyst to form a hydroformylated vegetable oil; e (b) hydrogenating the hydroformylated vegetable oil to form the modified vegetable oil-based polyol.
20. Flexible polyurethane foam from according to claim 1, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil-based polyol is prepared by a process which comprises (a) reacting a vegetable oil with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a Group VIII metal catalyst for form a hydroformilated vegetable oil; (b) hydrogenating the hydroformylated vegetable oil to form a polyol; and (c) combining the polyol with an epoxidized vegetable oil and a catalytic amount of fluoroboric acid to form the modified vegetable oil-based polyol.
21. The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 20, characterized in that the epoxidized vegetable oil is a partially epoxidized vegetable oil, and the modified vegetable oil based polyol includes double bonds.
22. The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 1, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil based polyol comprises secondary hydroxyl groups.
23. The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 1, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil based polyol comprises primary hydroxyl groups.
24. The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 1, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil based polyol comprises primary and secondary hydroxyl groups.
25. The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 1, characterized in that the active hydrogen-containing composition comprises 0.5 to 50 parts by weight of the vegetable oil based polyol modified by 100 parts of active hydrogen-containing material.
26. The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 1, characterized in that the active hydrogen-containing composition comprises 1 to 40 parts by weight of the vegetable oil-based polyol modified by 100 parts of active hydrogen-containing material.
27. The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 1, characterized in that the composition containing active hydrogen comprises 2 to 30 parts by weight of the vegetable oil-based polyol modified by 100 parts of active hydrogen-containing material.
28. The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 1, characterized in that the active hydrogen-containing composition further comprises a polyol selected from the group consisting of polyether polyols, polyester polyols and combinations thereof.
29. Flexible polyurethane foam from according to claim 1, characterized in that the composition containing active hydrogen further comprises a copolymer polyol.
30. The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 1, characterized in that the composition containing active hydrogen further comprises a dendritic macromolecule.
31. The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 1, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil based polyol is distinguished in such a way that when 1-49 parts by weight of the polyol are combined with 99-51 parts by weight of a polyether-based polyol which has a hydroxyl number of less than 120 to form the composition containing active hydrogen, a stable liquid is formed at 23 ° C.
32. The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 1, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil based polyol is distinguished in such a way that a composition containing active hydrogen which comprises the polyol based on modified vegetable oil and a polyol selected from the group consisting of polyether polyols, polyester polyols, and combinations thereof has a viscosity that is less than the viscosity of a composition which contains comparable active hydrogen which comprises a copolymer polyol in place of the polyol a modified vegetable oil base.
33. The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 1, characterized in that the foam is a cellular sponge foam in blocks.
34. The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 1, characterized in that the foam is a molded foam.
35. The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 1, characterized in that the foam has a warpage factor of at least 2.5.
36. The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 1, characterized in that the foam has a bending factor of at least 2.8.
37. The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 1, characterized in that the composition containing active hydrogen is essentially free of particles greater than 0.1 microns.
38. A flexible polyurethane foam characterized in that it comprises the reaction product, in the presence of a blowing agent, of: (a) a polyisocyanate and (b) a composition which contains active hydrogen which comprises a polyol based on modified vegetable oil, where the foam, when exposed to light in environmental conditions for a period of 6 weeks in the absence of an ultraviolet light stabilizer, has a color distinguished by a value (L) of at least 70 units and a value (b) of no more than 25 units.
39. The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 38, characterized in that the foam has a color distinguished by a value (a) of not more than 4 units.
40. The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 38, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil-based polyol is distinguished in such a way that when the polyol is combined with a catalyst and a toluene diisocyanate to form a reaction mixture of According to the BVT Reactivity Test, the reaction mixture has a viscosity of at least 5,000 mPas, measured 600 seconds after the formation of the reaction mixture.
41. The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 38, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil based polyol is distinguished in such a way that when the polyol is combined with a catalyst and a toluene diisocyanate to form a reaction mixture of According to the BVT Reactivity Test, the reaction mixture has a viscosity of at least 10,000 mPas, measured 600 seconds after the formation of the reaction mixture.
42. The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 38, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil based polyol is distinguished in such a way that when the polyol is combined with a catalyst and a toluene diisocyanate to form a reaction mixture according to The BVT Reactivity Test, the reaction mixture has a viscosity of at least 20,000 mPas, measured 600 seconds after the formation of the reaction mixture.
43. The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 38, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil based polyol comprises a polyol based on modified soy bean oil.
44. The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 38, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil-based polyol is prepared by a process which comprises reacting one or more of the double bonds of a vegetable oil.
45. The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 38, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil-based polyol is prepared by a process which comprises: (a) providing an epoxidized vegetable oil; and (b) combining the epoxidized vegetable oil with an alcohol and a catalytic amount of fluoroboric acid to form the modified vegetable oil-based polyol.
46. The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 45, characterized in that the epoxidized vegetable oil is a partially epoxidized vegetable oil, and the modified vegetable oil based polyol includes double bonds.
47. The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 38, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil based polyol is prepared by a process which comprises: (a) reacting a vegetable oil with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a Group VIII metal catalyst to form a hydroformylated vegetable oil; e (b) hydrogenating the hydroformylated vegetable oil to form the modified vegetable oil-based polyol.
48. The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 38, charaized in that the modified vegetable oil based polyol is prepared by a process which comprises: (a) reacting a vegetable oil with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a Group VIII metal catalyst to form a hydroformylated vegetable oil; (b) hydrogenating the hydroformylated vegetable oil to form a polyol; Y (c) combining the polyol with an epoxidized vegetable oil and a catalytic amount of fluoroboric acid to form the modified vegetable oil-based polyol.
49. The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 48, characterized in that the epoxidized vegetable oil is a partially epoxidized vegetable oil, and the modified vegetable oil based polyol includes double bonds.
50. A flexible polyurethane foam characterized in that it comprises the reaction product, in the presence of a blowing agent, of: (a) a polyisocyanate and (b) a composition which contains active hydrogen which comprises a polyol based on of modified vegetable oil, where the foam, as manufactured, has a value (L) of at least 70 units and a value (b) of no more than 25 units, and where, upon exposure to light under conditions for a period of 6 weeks in the absence of an ultraviolet light stabilizer, the value (L) does not change by more than 14 units and the value (b) does not change by more than 14 units.
51. The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 50, characterized in that the foam, as manufactured, has a value (a) of no more than 4. units, and where, before exposure to light under environmental conditions in the absence of an ultraviolet light stabilizer, the value (a) does not change by more than 5 units.
52. The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 50, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil based polyol is distinguished in such a way that when the polyol is combined with a catalyst and a toluene diisocyanate to form a reaction mixture of According to the BVT Reactivity Test, the reaction mixture has a viscosity of at least 5,000 mPas, measured 600 seconds after the formation of the reaction mixture.
53. The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 50, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil based polyol is distinguished in such a way that when the polyol is combined with a catalyst and. a toluene diisocyanate to form a reaction mixture according to the BVT Reactivity Test, the reaction mixture has a viscosity of at least 10,000 mPas, measured 600 seconds after the formation of the reaction mixture.
54. The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 50, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil-based polyol is distinguished in such a way that when the polyol is combined with a catalyst and a toluene diisocyanate to form a reaction mixture of According to the BVT Reactivity Test, the reaction mixture has a viscosity of at least 20,000 mPas, measured 600 seconds after the formation of the reaction mixture.
55. The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 50, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil based polyol comprises a polyol based on modified soy bean oil.
56. The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 50, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil based polyol is prepared by a process which comprises reacting one or more of the double bonds of a vegetable oil.
57. The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 50, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil based polyol is prepared by a process which comprises: (a) providing an epoxidized vegetable oil; and (b) combining the epoxidized vegetable oil with an alcohol and a catalytic amount of fluoroboric acid to form the modified vegetable oil-based polyol.
58. The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 57, characterized in that the epoxidized vegetable oil is a partially epoxidized vegetable oil, and the modified vegetable oil based polyol includes double bonds.
59. The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 50, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil-based polyol is prepared by a process which comprises: (a) reacting a vegetable oil with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a Group VIII metal catalyst to form a hydroformylated vegetable oil; e (b) hydrogenating the hydroformylated vegetable oil to form the modified vegetable oil-based polyol.
60. The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 50, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil based polyol is prepared by a process which comprises: (a) reacting a vegetable oil with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a Group VIII metal catalyst to form a hydroformylated vegetable oil; (b) hydrogenating the hydroformylated vegetable oil to form a polyol; and (c) combining the polyol with an epoxidized vegetable oil and a catalytic amount of fluoroboric acid to form the modified vegetable oil-based polyol.
61. The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 60, characterized in that the Epoxidized vegetable oil is a partially epoxidized vegetable oil, and the modified vegetable oil based polyol includes double bonds.
62. A composition which contains active hydrogen, characterized in that it comprises: (a) a polyol selected from the group consisting of polyether polyols, polyester polyols and combinations of the same; and (b) at least 1 part per hundred parts of composition of a modified vegetable oil-based polyol. wherein the composition which contains active hydrogen is in the form of a liquid stable at 23 ° C.
63. The composition which contains active hydrogen according to claim 62, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil based polyol comprises a polyol based on modified soy bean oil.
64. The composition which contains active hydrogen according to claim 62, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil based polyol is distinguished in such a way that when the polyol is combined with a catalyst and a toluene diisocyanate to form a mixture of reaction according to the BVT Reactivity Test, the reaction mixture has a viscosity of at least 5,000 mPas, measured 600 seconds after the formation of the reaction mixture.
65. The composition which contains active hydrogen according to claim 62, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil based polyol is distinguished in such a way that when the polyol is combined with a catalyst and a toluene diisocyanate to form a reaction mixture of According to the BVT Reactivity Test, the reaction mixture has a viscosity of at least 10,000 mPas, measured 600 seconds after the formation of the reaction mixture.
66 The composition which contains active hydrogen according to claim 62, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil based polyol is distinguished in such a way that when the polyol is combined with a catalyst and a toluene diisocyanate to form a reaction mixture of According to the BVT Reactivity Test, the reaction mixture has a viscosity of at least 20,000 mPas, measured 600 seconds after the formation of the reaction mixture.
67. The composition which contains active hydrogen according to claim 62, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil-based polyol is prepared by a process which comprises reacting one or more of the double bonds of a vegetable oil.
68. The composition which contains active hydrogen according to claim 62, characterized because the modified vegetable oil-based polyol is prepared by a process which comprises: (a) providing a vegetable oil to form an epoxidized vegetable oil; and (b) combining the epoxidized vegetable oil with a mixture comprising an alcohol and a catalytic amount of fluoroboric acid to form the modified vegetable oil-based polyol.
69. The composition which contains active hydrogen according to claim 68, characterized in that the epoxidized vegetable oil is a partially epoxidized vegetable oil, and the modified vegetable oil based polyol includes double bonds.
70. The composition which contains active hydrogen according to claim 62, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil-based polyol is prepared by a process which comprises: (a) reacting a vegetable oil with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a Group VIII metal catalyst to form a hydroformylated vegetable oil; e (b) hydrogenating the hydroformylated vegetable oil to form the modified vegetable oil-based polyol.
71. The composition which contains active hydrogen according to claim 62, characterized because the modified vegetable oil-based polyol is prepared by a process which comprises: (a) reacting a vegetable oil with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a Group VIII metal catalyst to form a hydroformylated vegetable oil; (b) hydrogenating the hydroformylated vegetable oil to form a polyol; and (c) combining the polyol with an epoxidized vegetable oil and a catalytic amount of fluoroboric acid to form the modified vegetable oil-based polyol.
72. The composition which contains active hydrogen according to claim 71, characterized in that the epoxidized vegetable oil is a partially epoxidized vegetable oil, and the modified vegetable oil based polyol includes double bonds.
73. A composition which contains active hydrogen, characterized in that it comprises: (a) a polyol selected from the group consisting of polyether polyols, polyester polyols and combinations thereof; and (b) a modified vegetable oil-based polyol, wherein the composition which contains active hydrogen has a viscosity that is less than the viscosity of a composition which contains hydrogen comparable active prepared by replacing a copolymer polyol with the modified vegetable oil-based polyol.
74. The composition which contains active hydrogen according to claim 73, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil based polyol comprises a polyol based on modified soy bean oil.
75. The composition which contains active hydrogen according to claim 73, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil based polyol is distinguished in such a way that when the polyol is combined with a catalyst and a toluene diisocyanate to form a mixture of reaction according to the BVT Reactivity Test, the reaction mixture has a viscosity of at least 5,000 mPas, measured 600 seconds after the formation of the reaction mixture.
76. The composition which contains active hydrogen according to claim 73, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil-based polyol is distinguished in such a way that when the polyol is combined with a catalyst and a toluene diisocyanate to form a mixture of Reaction according to the BVT Reactivity Test, the reaction mixture has a viscosity of at least 10,000 mPas, measured 600 seconds after the formation of the reaction mixture.
77. The composition which contains active hydrogen according to claim 73, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil-based polyol is distinguished in such a way that when the polyol is combined with a catalyst and a toluene diisocyanate to form a reaction mixture of According to the BVT Reactivity Test, the reaction mixture has a viscosity of at least 20,000 mPas, measured 600 seconds after the formation of the reaction mixture.
78. The composition which contains active hydrogen according to claim 73, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil-based polyol is prepared by a process which comprises reacting one or more of the double bonds of a vegetable oil.
79. The composition which contains active hydrogen according to claim 73, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil based polyol is prepared by a process which comprises: (a) providing a vegetable oil to form an epoxidized vegetable oil; and (b) combining the epoxidized vegetable oil with a mixture which comprises alcohol and a catalytic amount of fluoroboric acid to form the modified vegetable oil-based polyol.
80. The composition which contains hydrogen active according to claim 79, characterized in that the epoxidized vegetable oil is a partially epoxidized vegetable oil, and the modified vegetable oil-based polyol includes double bonds.
81. The composition which contains active hydrogen according to claim 73, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil-based polyol is prepared by a process which comprises: (a) reacting a vegetable oil with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a Group VIII metal catalyst to form a hydroformylated vegetable oil; e (b) hydrogenating the hydroformylated vegetable oil to form the modified vegetable oil-based polyol.
82. The composition which contains active hydrogen according to claim 73, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil-based polyol is prepared by a process which comprises: (a) reacting a vegetable oil with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a Group VIII metal catalyst to form a hydroformylated vegetable oil; (b) hydrogenating the hydroformylated vegetable oil to form a polyol; and (c) combining the polyol with an epoxidized vegetable oil and a catalytic amount of fluoroboric acid to form the modified vegetable oil based polyol.
83. The composition which contains active hydrogen according to claim 82, characterized in that the epoxidized vegetable oil is a partially epoxidized vegetable oil, and the modified vegetable oil-based polyol includes double bonds.
84. A composition which contains active hydrogen, characterized in that it comprises: (a) a polyol selected from the group consisting of polyether polyols, polyester polyols and combinations thereof; and (b) a modified vegetable oil-based polyol, wherein the composition which contains active hydrogen is essentially free of particles having a size greater than 0.1 microns.
85. The composition which contains active hydrogen according to claim 84, characterized in the modified vegetable oil-based polyol comprises a polyol based on modified soy bean oil.
86. The composition which contains active hydrogen according to claim 84, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil based polyol is distinguished in such a way that when the polyol is combined with a catalyst and a toluene diisocyanate to form a Reaction mixture according to the BVT Reactivity Test, the reaction mixture has a viscosity of at least 5,000 mPas, measured 600 seconds after the formation of the reaction mixture.
87. The composition which contains active hydrogen according to claim 84, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil based polyol is distinguished in such a way that when the polyol is combined with a catalyst and a toluene diisocyanate to form a mixture of Reaction according to the BVT Reactivity Test, the reaction mixture has a viscosity of at least 10,000 mPas, measured 600 seconds after the formation of the reaction mixture.
88. The composition which contains active hydrogen according to claim 84, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil based polyol is distinguished in such a way that when the polyol is combined with a catalyst and a toluene diisocyanate to form a mixture of Reaction according to the BVT Reactivity Test, the reaction mixture has a viscosity of at least 20,000 mPas, measured 600 seconds after the formation of the reaction mixture.
89. The composition which contains active hydrogen according to claim 84, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil-based polyol is Prepared by a process which comprises reacting one or more of the double bonds of a vegetable oil.
90. The composition which contains active hydrogen according to claim 84, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil-based polyol is prepared by a process which comprises: (a) providing a vegetable oil to form an epoxidized vegetable oil; and (b) combining the epoxidized vegetable oil with a mixture which comprises an alcohol and a catalytic amount of fluoroboric acid to form the modified vegetable oil-based polyol.
91. The composition which contains active hydrogen according to claim 90, characterized in that the epoxidized vegetable oil is a partially epoxidized vegetable oil, and the modified vegetable oil based polyol includes double bonds.
92. The composition which contains active hydrogen according to claim 84, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil-based polyol is prepared by a process which comprises: (a) reacting a vegetable oil with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a Group VIII metal catalyst to form a hydroformylated vegetable oil; and (b) hydrogenating the hydroformylated vegetable oil to form the modified vegetable oil-based polyol.
93. The composition which contains active hydrogen according to claim 84, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil based polyol is prepared by a process which comprises: (a) reacting a vegetable oil with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a Group VIII metal catalyst to form a hydroformylated vegetable oil; (b) hydrogenating the hydroformylated vegetable oil to form a polyol; and (c) combining the polyol with an epoxidized vegetable oil and a catalytic amount of fluoroboric acid to form the modified vegetable oil-based polyol.
94. The composition which contains active hydrogen according to claim 93, characterized in that the epoxidized vegetable oil is a partially epoxidized vegetable oil, and the modified vegetable oil based polyol includes double bonds.
95. A flexible polyurethane foam characterized in that it comprises the reaction product, in the presence of a blowing agent, of: (a) a polyisocyanate and (b) a composition which contains hydrogen active which comprises a modified vegetable oil-based polyol, wherein the modified vegetable oil-based polyol is distinguished in such a way that when the polyol is combined with a catalyst and a toluene diisocyanate to form a reaction mixture in accordance to the BVT Reactivity Test, the reaction mixture has a viscosity of at least 5,000 mPas, measured 600 seconds after the formation of the reaction mixture. where the foam has a warpage factor of at least 2.5.
96. The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 95, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil-based polyol is distinguished in such a way that when the polyol is combined with a catalyst and a toluene diisocyanate to form a reaction mixture of According to the BVT Reactivity Test, the reaction mixture has a viscosity of at least 10,000 mPas, measured 600 seconds after the formation of the reaction mixture.
97. The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 95, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil-based polyol is distinguished in such a way that when the polyol is combined with a catalyst and a toluene diisocyanate to form a reaction mixture of According to the BVT Reactivity Test, the reaction mixture it has a viscosity of at least 20,000 mPas, measured 600 seconds after the formation of the reaction mixture.
98. A flexible polyurethane foam characterized in that it comprises a first area which has a first hardness value and a second area which has a second hardness value which is different from the first hardness value, wherein at least one of the areas comprises the reaction product, in the presence of a blowing agent of: (a) a polyisocyanate and (b) a composition which contains active hydrogen which comprises a polyol based on modified vegetable oil, and has a number of load efficiency of at least 4 Newtons / part of modified vegetable oil-based polyol.
99. The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 98, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil based polyol comprises a polyol derived from modified soy bean oil.
100. The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 98, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil-based polyol is distinguished in such a way that when the polyol is combined with a catalyst and a toluene diisocyanate to form a reaction mixture of According to the BVT Reactivity Test, the reaction mixture has a viscosity of at least 5,000 mPas, measured 600 seconds after the formation of the reaction mixture.
101. The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 98, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil-based polyol is distinguished in such a way that when the polyol is combined with a catalyst and a toluene diisocyanate to form a reaction mixture of According to the BVT Reactivity Test, the reaction mixture has a viscosity of at least 10,000 mPas, measured 600 seconds after the formation of the reaction mixture.
102. The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 98, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil-based polyol is distinguished in such a way that when the polyol is combined with a catalyst and a toluene diisocyanate to form a reaction mixture of According to the BVT Reactivity Test, the reaction mixture has a viscosity of at least 20,000 mPas, measured 600 seconds after the formation of the reaction mixture.
103. The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 98, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil-based polyol is prepared by a process which comprises reacting one or more of the double bonds of a vegetable oil.
104. A seat component characterized in that comprising a flexible polyurethane foam, the polyurethane foam comprises the reaction product, in the presence of a blowing agent, of: (a) a polyisocyanate and (b) a composition which contains active hydrogen which comprises a polyol based on modified vegetable oil, where the foam has a number of loading efficiency of at least 4 Newtons / part of polyol based on modified vegetable oil.
105. The seat component according to claim 104, characterized in that the foam, upon exposure to light under ambient conditions for a period of 6 weeks in the absence of an ultraviolet light stabilizer, has a color distinguished by a value ( L) of at least 70 units and a value (b) of no more than 25 units.
106. The seat component according to claim 105, characterized in that the foam has a color distinguished by a value (a) of no more than 4 units.
107. The seat component according to claim 104, characterized in that the foam, as manufactured, has a color distinguished by a value (L) of at least 70 units and a value (b) of no more than 25 units. , and where, before exposure to light under environmental conditions for a 6-week period in the absence of an ultraviolet light stabilizer, the value (L) does not change for more than 14 units and the value (b) does not change for more than 14 units.
108. The seat component according to claim 107, characterized in that the foam, as manufactured, has a value (a) of no more than 4 units and where, upon exposure to light under ambient conditions for a period of 6 weeks in the absence of an ultraviolet light stabilizer, the value (a) does not change by more than 5 units.
109. The seat component according to claim 104, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil-based polyol is distinguished in such a way that when the polyol is combined with a catalyst and a toluene diisocyanate to form a reaction mixture in accordance with to the BVT Reactivity Test, the reaction mixture has a viscosity of at least 5,000 mPas, measured 600 seconds after the formation of the reaction mixture.
110. The seat component according to claim 104, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil based polyol is distinguished in such a way that when the polyol is combined with a catalyst and a toluene diisocyanate to form a reaction mixture in accordance with to the BVT Reactivity Test, the reaction mixture has a viscosity of at least 10,000 mPas, measured 600 seconds after the formation of the reaction mixture.
111. The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 104, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil-based polyol is distinguished in such a way that when the polyol is combined with a catalyst and a toluene diisocyanate to form a reaction mixture according to The BVT Reactivity Test, the reaction mixture has a viscosity of at least 20,000 mPas, measured 600 seconds after the formation of the reaction mixture.
112. The seating component according to claim 104, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil based polyol comprises a modified soybean oil-based polyol.
113. The seat component according to claim 104, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil based polyol is prepared by a process which comprises reacting one or more of the double bonds of a vegetable oil.
114. The seating component according to claim 104, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil based polyol is prepared by a process which comprises: (a) providing an epoxidized vegetable oil; and (b) combining the epoxidized vegetable oil with an alcohol and a catalytic amount of fluoroboric acid to form the modified vegetable oil-based polyol.
115. The seat component according to claim 104, characterized in that the epoxidized vegetable oil is a partially epoxidized vegetable oil, and the modified vegetable oil based polyol includes double bonds.
116. The seat component according to claim 104, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil based polyol is prepared by a process which comprises: (a) reacting a vegetable oil with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a Group VIII metal catalyst to form a hydroformylated vegetable oil; e (b) hydrogenating the hydroformylated vegetable oil to form the modified vegetable oil-based polyol.
117. The seat component according to claim 104, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil based polyol is prepared by a process which comprises: (a) reacting a vegetable oil with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a Group VIII metal catalyst to form a hydroformylated vegetable oil; (b) hydrogenating the hydroformylated vegetable oil to form a polyol; Y (c) combining the polyol with an epoxidized vegetable oil and a catalytic amount of fluoroboric acid to form the modified vegetable oil-based polyol.
118. The seat component according to claim 117, characterized in that the epoxidized vegetable oil is a partially epoxidized vegetable oil, and the modified vegetable oil based polyol includes double bonds.
119. The seating component according to claim 104, characterized in that the active hydrogen-containing composition further comprises a polyol selected from the group consisting of polyether polyols, polyester polyols, and combinations thereof.
120. A seat component according to claim 104, characterized in that the seat component is a seat component for a motor vehicle.
121. A seat component according to claim 104, characterized in that the seat component includes a flexible polyurethane foam which comprises a first area which has a first hardness value, and a second area which has a second value of hardness that is different from the first hardness value, wherein at least one of the areas comprises the reaction product, in the presence of a blowing agent, of: (a) a polyisocyanate and (b) a composition which contains active hydrogen which comprises a polyol based on modified vegetable oil, and has an efficiency number of load of at least 4 Newtons / part of polyol based on modified vegetable oil.
122. A shallow carpet characterized in that it comprises polyurethane foam according to claim 1.
123. A mattress characterized in that it comprises a flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 1.
124. A method for making an article characterized in that it comprises: loading ( a) a polyisocyanate and (b) a composition which contains active hydrogen which comprises a polyol based on vegetable oil modified to a mold which has a predetermined shape; and reacting the polyisocyanate and the composition which contains active hydrogen in the mold in the presence of a blowing agent to produce an article which comprises a flexible polyurethane foam which has a charge efficiency number of at least 4. Newtons / parts of polyol based on modified vegetable oil.
125. The method according to claim 124, characterized in that the article comprises a component seat.
126. The method according to claim 124, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil based polyol is distinguished in such a way that when the polyol is combined with a catalyst and a toluene diisocyanate to form a reaction mixture according to the BVT Reactivity Test, the reaction mixture has a viscosity of at least 5,000 mPas, measured 600 seconds after the formation of the reaction mixture.
127. The method of compliance with the claim 124, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil-based polyol is distinguished in such a way that when the polyol is combined with a catalyst and a toluene diisocyanate to form a reaction mixture according to the BVT Reactivity Test, the reaction mixture it has a viscosity of at least 10,000 mPas, measured 600 seconds after the formation of the reaction mixture.
128. The method according to claim 124, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil based polyol is distinguished in such a way that when the polyol is combined with a catalyst and a toluene diisocyanate to form a reaction mixture according to the BVT Reactivity Test, the reaction mixture has a viscosity of at least 20,000 mPas, measured 600 seconds after the formation of the reaction mixture.
129. The method in accordance with the claim 124, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil-based polyol is prepared by a process which comprises reacting one or more of the double bonds of a vegetable oil.
130. A method for making an article characterized in that it comprises: reacting (a) a polyisocyanate and (b) a composition which contains active hydrogen which comprises a polyol based on modified vegetable oil in a foam transport assembly in the presence of a blowing agent to produce a flexible polyurethane foam in the form of a cellular foamed plastic in blocks which has a charge efficiency number of at least 4 Newtons / part of polyol based on modified vegetable oil; and forming the cellular sponge foam foam block to form the article.
131. The method according to claim 130, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil based polyol is distinguished in such a way that when the polyol is combined with a catalyst and a toluene diisocyanate to form a reaction mixture according to the BVT Reactivity Test, the reaction mixture has a viscosity of at least 5,000 mPas, measured 600 seconds after the formation of the reaction mixture.
132. The method according to claim 130, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil-based polyol is distinguished in such a way that when the polyol is combined with a catalyst and a toluene diisocyanate to form a reaction mixture according to the Test of Reactivity BVT, the reaction mixture has a viscosity of at least 10,000 mPas, measured 600 seconds after the formation of the reaction mixture.
133. The method according to claim 130, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil based polyol is distinguished in such a way that when the polyol is combined with a catalyst and a toluene diisocyanate to form a reaction mixture according to the BVT Reactivity Test, the reaction mixture has a viscosity of at least 20,000 mPas, measured 600 seconds after the formation of the reaction mixture.
134. The method according to claim 130, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil based polyol is prepared by a process which comprises reacting one or more of the double bonds of a vegetable oil.
135. A flexible polyurethane foam characterized in that it comprises the reaction product, in the presence of a blowing agent, of: (a) a polyisocyanate and (b) a composition which contains active hydrogen which comprises a polyol based on soy bean oil and a polyol selected from the group consisting of polyether polyols, polyester polyols, and combinations thereof, wherein the polyol Based on modified soybean oil is prepared by a process which includes: (A) providing an epoxidized soy bean oil and combining the epoxidized soy bean oil with an alcohol and a catalytic amount of fluoroboric acid to form the modified soybean oil-based polyol; (B) reacting the soybean oil with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a Group VIII metal catalyst to form a hydroformylated soy bean oil, and hydrogenate the hydroformylated soybean oil to form a soybean oil-based polyol; or (C) reacting a vegetable oil with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a Group VIII metal catalyst to form a hydroformylated vegetable oil, hydrotrophing the hydroformylated vegetable oil to form a polyol and combining the polyol with an epoxidized vegetable oil and a catalytic amount of fluoroboric acid to form the polyol based on modified vegetable oil; wherein the foam has a charge efficiency number of at least 4 Newtons / part of modified vegetable oil-based polyol.
136. The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 135, characterized in that the epoxidized vegetable oil is a partially epoxidized vegetable oil, and the modified vegetable oil based polyol includes double bonds.
137. A seating component characterized in that it comprises a flexible polyurethane foam: the polyurethane foam which comprises the reaction product, in the presence of a blowing agent of: (a) a polyisocyanate and (b) a composition which contains active hydrogen which comprises a polyol based on soy bean oil and a polyol selected from the group consisting of polyether polyols, polyester polyols, and combinations thereof, wherein the polyol based on bean oil of Modified soybeans are prepared by a process which includes: (A) provide an epoxidized soy bean oil and combine the epoxidized soy bean oil with a mixture which comprises an alcohol and an amount catalytic fluoroboric acid to form the polyol based on modified soy bean oil; (B) reacting the soybean oil with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a Group VIII metal catalyst to form a hydroformylated soy bean oil, and hydrogenate the hydroformylated soybean oil to form the modified soybean oil-based polyol; or (C) reacting a vegetable oil with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a Group VIII metal catalyst to form a hydroformylated vegetable oil, hydrogenating the hydroformylated vegetable oil to form a polyol, and combining the polyol with a epoxidized vegetable oil and a catalytic amount of fluoroboric acid to form the modified vegetable oil-based polyol, wherein the foam has a charge efficiency number of at least 4 Newtons / part of soybean oil-based polyol modified.
138. The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 137, characterized in that the epoxidized vegetable oil is a partially epoxidized vegetable oil, and the modified vegetable oil based polyol includes double bonds.
139. The flexible polyurethane foam characterized in that it comprises the reaction product, in the presence of a blowing agent, of: (a) a polyisocyanate and (b) a composition which contains active hydrogen which comprises a polyol based on vegetable oil modified, wherein the modified vegetable oil-based polyol is distinguished in such a way that when the polyol is combined with a catalyst and a toluene diisocyanate to form a reaction mixture according to the Test of Reactivity BVT, the reaction mixture has a viscosity of at least 5,000 mPas, measured 600 seconds after the formation of the reaction mixture.
140. The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 139, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil-based polyol is distinguished in such a way that when the polyol is combined with a catalyst and a toluene diisocyanate to form a reaction mixture of According to the BVT Reactivity Test, the reaction mixture has a viscosity of at least 10,000 mPas, measured 600 seconds after the formation of the reaction mixture.
141. The flexible polyurethane foam according to claim 139, characterized in that the modified vegetable oil-based polyol is distinguished from such so that when the polyol is combined with a catalyst and a toluene diisocyanate to form a reaction mixture according to the BVT Reactivity Test, the reaction mixture has a viscosity of at least 20,000 mPas, measured 600 seconds after the formation of the reaction mixture.
142. A flexible polyurethane foam, the foam characterized in that it comprises the reaction product, in the presence of a blowing agent, of: (a) a polyisocyanate and (b) a composition which contains active hydrogen which comprises a polyol based on modified vegetable oil, wherein the foam has a hardness value that is higher than the hardness value of a control foam prepared using a composition which contains active hydrogen lacking a modified vegetable oil-based polyol.