MXPA06002560A - Electrical wire and method of fabricating the electrical wire - Google Patents

Abstract

An electrical wire includes at least one electrifiable conductor, and first and second return conductors which are respectively formed on opposing sides of the at least one electrifiable conductor, such that the at least one electrifiable conductor is at least substantially entrapped by said first and second return conductors.

Description

ELECTRIC WIRE AND MANUFACTURING METHOD OF THE SAME FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates in general to an electric wire and to a method of manufacturing it, and more particularly, an electric wire which includes at least one electrifiable conductor (e.g. , which is intended to conduct an electric current, for example an alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC) power supply, or a communication signal such as a voice or data transmission signal), and a return conductor (for example a first and second return conductors) which traps at least substantially the electrifiable conductor. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The first forms of wiring -in homes (1920-1950) used insulated wires with a coating of cloth permeated with lacquer varnish. The paving of asphalt cloth was used for insulation in the years 1950-1970. Aluminum electrical wiring was installed in homes in the mid-60s until the mid-70s. The wire as we know it today with two insulated internal conductors (for example, hot / neutral or Electrifiable / return conductors ) and a non-insulated ground conductor (for example, conductor for grounding connection), all inside an external thermoplastic REF.:170881 insulator, has been used since the mid-1950s. Figures 1A- 1B illustrate examples of this conventional electric wire. As illustrated in FIG. IA, a conventional electric wire 50 includes an electrifiable conductor 55 (eg, hot) surrounded by a first insulating layer 60, a return conductor 65 (eg, neutral) surrounded by a second layer of insulation. insulator 70. A third layer of insulator 75 surrounds the insulated conductors 55, 65. As illustrated in FIG. IB, another conventional electric wire 100 includes an electrifiable conductor 105 (eg, hot) surrounded by a first insulating layer 110. , a return conductor 115 surrounded by a second insulating layer 120, and a grounding conductor 125. A third insulating layer 130 surrounds all conductors 105, 115 and 125. Many millions of homes today face scenarios of final life with respect to its old wiring and run a significant risk of damage and fire losses. According to the November 2000 report of the National Council of Science and Technology, "wireline systems can become unreliable or fail all, due to poor design, use of defective materials, improper installation, or other causes. Failure risk increases as wire systems age due to the cumulative effects of environmental stresses (eg, heat, cold, humidity, or vibration), unnoticed damage during maintenance, and wear and tear of constant use. of a wired system can result in loss of critical function in equipment energized by the system ... it can threaten public health and safety and lead to catastrophic failure in equipment or to smoke and fire. " The Consumer Product Safety Commission estimates that 50 million homes in the United States have reached or are about to reach the "final life" of their electrical wiring system. In addition, insulators and / or conductors can deteriorate due to radiation, high temperature, steam, friction, poor handling, corrosion, mechanical loading, and vibration. The reports issued by the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) show that in 1997, wireline systems for households caused more than 40,000 fires that resulted in 250 deaths and more than $ 670 million. damage «n property. An additional study of the CPSC based on 40,300 electrical circuit fires showed that 36% was due to installed wiring and 16% was due to patch cords / plugs. Along with the failures of the usual wire systems due to age and environmental stress, the wired aluminum systems were "prone to degradation and dangerous overheating". With respect to modern wired systems and technology, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the Building and Fire Research Laboratory (BFRL) recognize, "the wires and cables made with fluorocarbons have excellent flammability, but they are very expensive.The flame retardant cables of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) also have excellent flammability and physical properties ... However, the chloride content of (all) PVC cables are a concern for the potential formation of dioxins during incineration. " As illustrated in FIGS. 1A-1B, conventional electrical wire which is commonly used in homes and offices today consists of solid round wires individually insulated with PVC (except for grounding wire) with a copper wire lining. External PVC that surrounds the internal wires. Fires are increasingly being caused by overheated wires, breakdown of insulation, and penetrations. The open spaces provided for conventional wiring in walls and ceilings provide a full source of oxygen for fire expansion ignition and associated with electrical fires.

In addition, this conventional electric wire has an electrical shock hazard and therefore, causes safety concerns. That is, this conventional electric wire is often accidentally penetrated by objects, such as nails, screws, bits, etc., which often results in serious injury and death. Therefore, this conventional electric wire has a high potential for serious injuries when it is penetrated by any of the aforementioned electrically conductive objects. Other key examples of conventional wiring systems that are inadequate in the changing market include: (a) the proliferation of solid wall (and ceiling) construction techniques; and (b) the proliferation of new technologies and devices that are installed in new homes and especially in existing ones and in office environments that require wired interfaces and many are designed to mount these devices on surfaces. New materials such as foam block shapes for cast concrete walls, removable concrete walls, alternative materials made of wood and recycled materials formed as solid wall panels (and ceilings) all represent better long-term characteristics and advantages with respect to the construction techniques of walls (and ceilings) "hollows" for exteriors and interiors. These techniques of construction of solid materials require that some type of invasive channeling be carried out on the site. This channeling has many disadvantages, safety concerns and associated costs. It also typically places wiring near the finished surface where future invasions as described above can cause a potential shock or failure by electric arc and fire potential. On a global scale, construction problems have existed for many years based on differences in construction techniques. In addition, the advent of advances in audio, video and computer / Internet applications have drastically changed the paradigm of devices for homes and offices. Audio systems for home theater surround sound and multimedia conference rooms, plasma and liquid crystal television (LCD), flat screen, homes and offices with network facilities, new lighting applications, quality systems and air control, have imposed tremendous efforts and in many cases compromise the wiring systems. The requirement for alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC) electric power interfaces and the associated wiring have created problems for the installer and the user. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In view of the foregoing, and other problems, disadvantages, and drawbacks of conventional methods, an exemplary aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides an electric wire and an electric wire manufacturing method which It can provide a safe and convenient electrical wire that can be manufactured easily. The inventors have determined that a new wiring system that is inherently safe and is designed to meet the current and future needs of devices and technologies and how they are installed and used may be the only solution to long-term wiring crises and many short-term cases. The exemplary aspects of the present invention include an electric wire which includes at least one electrifiable conductor, and a first and a second return conductor (eg, at least one return conductor) which are respectively formed on opposite sides of each other. at least one electrifiable conductor, such that at least one electrifiable conductor is at least trapped by the first and second return conductors. By "substantially entrapped" it is meant that an object is substantially prevented from penetrating an external surface of the electrical wire that is in contact with the electrifiable conductor without coming into contact with the return conductor. further, the electric wire can be mounted on surfaces and can be used safely for virtually any voltage application (for example from 0 V to 240 V or greater). The wire may further include first and second insulating layers which are formed between the at least one electrifiable conductor and the first and second return conductors, respectively. In addition, the at least one electrifiable conductor and the first and second return conductors can substantially include flat conductive layers having a stacked arrangement. The wire may also include an external insulating layer (eg, a third and a fourth insulating layer) formed on the first and second return conductors. In addition, a distance between the at least one electrifiable conductor and each of the first and second return conductors (eg, a thickness of the insulating layer between these conductors) is not greater than about 0.762 mm (0.030 inches). For example, in an example embodiment this distance is not greater than approximately 0.127 mm (0.005 inches). In addition, the first and second return conductors may be in contact with one another along the longitudinal edge (eg, at the edge of the width) of the electric wire, such that the electrifiable conductor is completely trapped ( for example, completely surrounded) by the first and second return conductors. In addition, the additional protection can be provided by working (for example, by treating) the longitudinal edges of the insulating layers, the return conductors and / or the grounding conductors. For example, the first and second return conductors can be treated by at least one mechanical, thermal or chemical treatment method, to form a protective longitudinal edge of the electric wire, the protective edge inhibits an external object from penetrating the electrical wire and is in contact with the electrifiable conductor without being in contact with the first or second return conductors. Similarly, the first and second insulating layers may be in contact with one another along the longitudinal edge of the electrical wire. In addition, the first and second insulating layers can be treated at least by a mechanical, thermal or chemical method to form a longitudinal edge of the electric wire, the protective edge inhibits the penetration of an object external to the electric wire and that is put into contact with the electrifiable conductor.

Another aspect of the present invention includes an electrical wire that includes at least one electrifiable conductor, a first and a second layer formed on opposite sides of the at least one electrifiable conductor, a first and a second return conductor formed in the first and second conductor. insulating layer, respectively, in such a way that the at least one electrifiable conductor is at least substantially trapped by the first and the second return conductors, a third and a fourth insulating layer formed in the first and second return conductors, respectively , a first and a second grounding conductor formed in the third and fourth insulating layer, respectively, and a fifth and a sixth insulating layer formed in the first and second grounding conductors, respectively. In addition, the at least one electrifiable conductor may include a plurality of electrifiable conductors, formed in a plurality of horizontal segments through a width of the wire and a plurality of vertical segments through a thickness of the wire. In addition, at least one segment in the plurality of horizontal segments of the electrifiable conductors can be used to transmit a communication signal (e.g., a voice communication signal and / or a data communication signal) and at least one segment in the plurality of horizontal segments of the electrifiable conductors can be used to supply AC or DC electric power. In addition, a capacitance formed between the at least one electrifiable conductor and the first and second return conductors is given by C '= - 1.5- -Le / d, where is the width of the return and electrifiable conductors, L is the length of the return and electrifiable conductors, e is the dielectric constant for the insulating layers (for example, dielectric between the return and electrifiable conductors) and d is the distance between each return and electrifiable conductor. In addition, the first and second grounding conductors can inhibit the generation of energy and noise transmission signals-electric generated by-charges in the electric wire. In addition, the first and second return conductors and the first and second grounding conductors can be (eg, substantially) thermally conductive to dissipate heat from the at least one electrifiable conductor. Specifically, the first and second return conductors and the first and second grounding conductors may have (eg, each may have) a heat dissipation rate which is greater than a heat dissipation rate for a round conductor, for a given cross-sectional area.

An important advantage of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is that the substantially flat conductors may have a larger surface area than a round conductor (eg, for a given conductor cross-sectional area). The larger surface area provides a much higher heat transfer rate. Since the geometry of the cross section may not vary substantially with respect to the longitudinal direction, the relevant variable is the perimeter along the edge of any given conductor and how it varies when the total area of the cross section remains constant. Therefore, substantially flat conductors can carry a greater amount of electricity for a given cross-sectional area (for example, from the conductor) if the temperature resulting from the parked state is kept constant and if the surrounding environment remains constant. Alternatively, the temperature of the steady state would be lower in conductor.es. substantially flat (compared to round conductors) if the current flow is kept constant and all other factors remain the same. Additionally, it may be preferable that a wire has a thickness ratio of about 1 or more. That is, the first and second return conductors can each have a thickness TG, and at least the first and second grounding conductors each have a thickness TN, and the electrifiable conductor has a thickness TH, such Thus, a ratio, R, of thickness R = (TG + TN) / TH is approximately 1.00 or more (for example, it may be preferable that R be maximized). Another aspect of the present invention includes an electric wire including at least one electrifiable conductor, a first insulating layer formed around the at least one electrifiable conductor, a return conductor formed around (eg, at least substantially around) the first insulating layer , so that the at least one electrifiable conductor is trapped at least substantially by the return conductor, and a second insulating layer formed around the return conductor. The wire may further include a grounding conductor formed around the second insulating layer, and a third insulating layer formed around the grounding conductor. This aspect of the wire may include, for example, a wire having conductors (eg, an electrifiable conductor, a return conductor, and a grounding conductor) with either substantially curvilinear cross-section geometries or geometries of substantially rectilinear cross section, and may be formed in substantially parallel planes. For example, the electric wire may have a circular or oval cross section. That is to say, the electrifiable conductor, the return conductor and the grounding conductor can include conductors of substantially circular shape (for example, with a circular cross-section) which are arranged with a parallel longitudinal axis (for example coaxial), or the electrifiable conductor, the return conductor and the grounding conductor may include conductors of substantially oval shape (for example, in the same spatial arrangement). Another aspect of the present invention includes a method of manufacturing an electric wire, which includes forming the at least one electrifiable conductor, and forming a first and a second return conductor on opposite sides of the at least one electrifiable conductor, such that at least one electrifiable conductor is at least substantially trapped by the return conductors. Another aspect of the present invention includes an electrical power supply system that includes an electrical wire. In addition, another aspect of the present invention is an electrical signal transmission system that includes the electrical wire. With its unique and novel features, the present invention provides an electric wire and an electric wire manufacturing method which provides an electrical wire and an electric wire manufacturing method that can provide a safe and convenient electrical wire that is easy to manufacture . BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES The foregoing, and other objects, aspects, and advantages will be better understood from the following detailed description of the exemplary embodiments of the invention with reference to the figures, in which: Figures 1A-1B illustrate conventional electric wires 50 and 100; Figures 2A-2F illustrate various aspects of an electric wire 200 in accordance with the exemplary embodiments of the present invention; Figures 3A-3 illustrate various configurations of possible conductors in the electric wire 200 in accordance with the exemplary embodiments of the present invention; Figures 4A-4C illustrate an aspect of the electric wire 200 with a hot zone 295 therein, in accordance with the exemplary embodiments of the present invention; Figure 5 illustrates another aspect of the electric wire 200 in accordance with the exemplary embodiments of the present invention; Figure 6 illustrates configurations of a possible termination for the electric wire 200 in accordance with the exemplary embodiments of the present invention; Figure 7 illustrates a method 700 for manufacturing an electric wire in accordance with the exemplary embodiments of the present invention; Figures 8-10 provide schematic illustrations of a typical two-plate capacitor, a four-plate capacitor and a three-plate capacitor, respectively, in accordance with the exemplary aspects of the present invention; and Figures 11-12 illustrate how a capacitively coupled current in the electric wire can be canceled in accordance with the exemplary aspects of the present invention; Fig. 13 provides a schematic diagram of an example configuration for detecting a continuity of the grounding circuit using the electric wire, in accordance with the exemplary aspects of the present invention; Figure 14 provides a conceptual illustration for providing a split ground indication, in accordance with the exemplary aspects of the present invention; Figure 15 illustrates a method 1500 for manufacturing an electrical wire in accordance with the exemplary aspects of the present invention; and Figures 16-17 provide exemplary configurations of the electric wire 200 in accordance with the exemplary aspects of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION With reference to the figures, and more particularly to Figures 2A-17, the present invention includes an electric wire 200 and a method 1500 for manufacturing the electric wire. As illustrated in Figure 2A, the exemplary embodiment of the present invention is directed to an electric wire 200 that includes at least one electrifiable conductor 210, and a first and a second return conductor 221 which are respectively formed on sides opposing the at least one electrifiable conductor 210, such that the at least one electrifiable conductor is at least substantially trapped by the first and second return conductors 221. The wire 200 may also include first insulating layers 215 and second layers insulators 225. It should be noted that unless otherwise indicated, any of the layers (e.g., conductors, insulating layers, etc.) in the present invention and discussed herein may be formed of a plurality of layers. Therefore, for example, the insulating layer 215 should be considered as at least one insulating layer 215, an electrifiable conductor should be considered what is meant by at least one electrifiable conductor (for example, a plurality of them), and so on. The electric wire can be used for a basically unlimited range of voltage applications (for example, from 0 V to 240 V and higher). For example, the wire can include a capacity of Case 1 and Class 2 and other low voltage / current capabilities, and can be used for commercially available service voltages, such as 12OV AC and 24OV AC, and can be used for other applications different from those of Class 1 6 Class 2, or these commercially available voltages. As illustrated in Figure 2B, the electric wire 200 may have a longitudinal direction (eg, along the length), L, and a transverse direction. { for example, across width),. These directions can be referred to as a horizontal dimension of the wire. The wire can additionally be considered to have a thickness (e.g., a total thickness of all the stacked layers) which can be referred to as a vertical dimension. The wire 200 may also include end portions (e.g., terminations) (e.g., not illustrated in Figure 2B) formed at the ends of the wire 200 in the longitudinal direction. For example, one end (e.g., the terminal portion) of the wire 200 may be connected to a source module (e.g., a power source, a "voice / data transmission source, etc.) and the other end (e.g., the terminal portion) can be connected to a destination module (e.g., switch, plug, electronic device, etc.). It should be noted that the present invention does not necessarily include any particular form of termination (e.g. source of current, landing, etc.) but may include a longitudinal portion of wire formed between two termination points. The first and the second return conductors 221 are formed in such a way that at least one electrifiable conductor is at least substantially entrapped (eg wrapped, surrounded, encased) by the first and second return conductors. that for all purposes, the electrifiable conductor 210 can not be in contact with an external object (e.g., a nail, screw, staple, etc.) without first touching r one of the return conductors 220. The term "substantially trapped" does not necessarily mean that the return conductors 220 completely surround the electrifiable conductor. (although such a design is possible). Rather, it means that any distance between the return conductors and the electrifiable conductor (for example, the thickness of an insulating layer between the electrifiable conductor and a return conductor) is so small (for example, approximately 0.762 mm (0.030 inches)). or less) that such an external object can not be reasonably routed between the return conductors and the electrifiable conductor without touching the return conductors. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 2B, the electric wire 200 may be formed by layers (e.g., substantially flat layers) having a stacked configuration. At least some of these layers (for example, the return conductor 221, the insulating layers 215, 225) can be joined (for example, joined, folded, adhered, etc.) along the longitudinal edges, T, of the wire 200. It is important to note that a distance, S, must be maintained between the return conductor layers 221. That is, the electrifiable conductor 210 does not have to be completely trapped by the return conductors 221. The inventors have determined that whenever any distance between the return conductors and the electrifiable conductor (for example, the thickness of an insulating layer between the electrifiable conductor and the return conductor) is sufficiently small (for example approximately 0.762 m (0.030 inches) or less) an object not may have a probability of penetrating the wire 200 and being in contact with the electrifiable conductor 210 without first being in contact with the return conductor 221. In addition, the elec Trifiable is the least "substantially trapped" along the longitudinal portion of the wire. That is, in the terminal portions of the wire 200, the electrifiable conductor can be exposed and not be trapped, to connect with a device (eg, a source or target module). It should also be noted that the term "electrifiable" is intended to mean that one has a capacity (eg, a purpose) to connect to a source or electric current and to conduct (e.g., supply) an electric current or electrical signal (e.g. AC or DC power supply or an electrical communication signal such as a voice or data transmission signal). An electrifiable conductor can be referred to as the "non-return conductor". An electrifiable conductor can also be referred to as a "hot conductor". In addition, the term "return" is intended to mean that there is a purpose to return an electric current (for example, without the purpose of providing an electric current or supply of electric power to a load). A return conductor can also refer to a grounded conductor or a neutral conductor.

Specifically, an "electrifiable" conductor can be considered any conductor within the "hot zone" as defined herein. The electrifiable conductor (for example, a conductor in the hot zone) may be the "hot" conductor in operation but not necessarily. For example, with respect to a 3-way switch, the electrifiable conductor (for example, a conductor in the "hot zone") can in one condition, act as the hot conductor, but in another condition act as a connection conductor to Earth. In addition, the term "ground connection" is intended to mean that you have a capacity or purpose to connect to "earth". A grounding conductor can also be referred to simply as a "ground conductor". The grounding conductor does not intend to have any return current in it. In addition, the term "conductor" is defined as a conductive medium which is capable of conducting an electric current. Figures 2C-2D illustrate another example embodiment of the present invention. In the example aspect which is illustrated in figure 2C, the electric wire 200 includes at least a first conductor 210 which is electrifiable, at least one return conductor 221 and at least one grounding conductor 222. In this aspect, the wire 200 may also include a first insulating layer 215 , - a second insulating layer 225, and a third insulating layer 230. As illustrated in figures 2C, the first insulating layer 215 can be formed between the electrifiable conductor 210 and the at least one return conductor 221, the second layer insulator 225 may be formed between the at least one return conductor 221 and the at least one ground conductor 222, and the third insulator layer 230 may be formed on the at least one ground conductor 222. Figure 2D illustrates a view of separate parts of an exemplary aspect of the electric wire 200. As illustrated in Figure 2D, the conductors of the electric wire 200 may have a stacked array. The electric wire 200 can also include an adhesive 290 for bonding the adjacent insulating layers and conductors in the electrical wire. It should be noted that the figures are meant to be illustrative. In the actual electrical wire of the present invention, there can be no visible spaces (e.g., the white areas in Figure 2D) between the conductors, insulator, and adhesive components, each of which is described in more detail below. Figures 2E-2F illustrate further example aspects of electric wire 200. For example, in the exemplary aspect of Figure 2E, conductors 210, 221, 222 may include conductors of substantially circular shape (eg, arranged coaxially) . In the aspect of FIG. 2F, conductors 210, 221, 222 may include conductors of substantially oval shape. In general, the electrical wire of the present invention (e.g., wire with protective layers) provides an alternative that can be applied in a variety of ways and in a variety of sites and represents a paradigm of change for all other wire systems electric The electric wire may include a wire with protective layers which may have conductors with a parallel longitudinal axis (for example, conductors having a curvilinear cross section), or the wire may be substantially stacked in nature, such that each conductor has a substantially parallel plane (for example, a parallel axis). However, the cross section of the conductor is not necessarily coincidental (for example concentric) or coaxial. For example, in one aspect, an internal (hot) conductor is surrounded or confined by an insulator, then an intermediate conductor (neutral), a second insulator, then an external conductor (grounding), and an external insulator. Exemplary embodiments of the electric wire may have cross-sectional shapes that vary from a substantially curvilinear geometry such as circles (e.g., concentric circles), ovals, ellipses, or flat layers (e.g., linear or rectilinear). The concentric format (eg, Figure 2E) (eg, approximately equal or smaller axes) is symmetric with a more internal conductor (eg (hot / electrifiable) having a relatively small surface area.) The oval or ellipsoidal format ( for example, from Figure 2F) (eg, major and minor axes unequal) supports a relatively flat innermost conductor The flat format (eg, Figures 2B-2D) (major axis = 1, minor axis = 0) supports all flat conductors and insulators (eg, a flat multi-conductor wire) The example modes of the electric wire may offer different advantages with respect to safety, application methodology, cost, and ease of manufacture. and oval can have exceptional safety aspects (for example, a very low penetration hazard). While, the flat format has an exceptional current carrying capacity due to the large surface area of each conductor and could similarly activate any disconnect device(for example, a circuit breaker, GFCI, etc.) in any case of penetration. In addition, the use of the electric wire (for example, a wire with protective layers) is advantageous from numerous points of view including safety, shielding against electrical interference, and flammability. With regard to the risk of electrocution, the inevitable problem centers around the penetration of an electrified conductor (for example, an electrifiable conductor) by objects such as nails, screws, bits, etc. Traditional wall or ceiling wiring has the potential for penetration by any of the aforementioned objects with the result of a possibility of electrocution. Although the electrical wire of the present invention can be surface mounted (for example on a wall or ceiling, or on a floor such as under a carpet) it has the distinct advantage with respect to conventional wires to ensure that the penetration of objects pass through at least one non-electrifiable conductor (eg, a return conductor and / or a ground conductor) before coming into contact with the electrifiable conductor (eg hot / innermost). Therefore, when advancing the movement of the penetration, high or hot currents are generated through the ground or neutral conductor, causing a circuit breaker to activate quickly. Specifically, with respect to this electric wire penetration dynamics (for example, electric wire stacking), to reduce the possibility of electrification of a penetrating object, the conductor thickness of the electrifiable conductor (for example, the hot conductor) should be low (for example, as low as possible) in relation to the total thickness of the outer layers (for example, the grounding conductors and the return conductors). It has been shown a good ratio of layer thickness, R, of 1.00 through test results, while R = (TG + TN) / TH = 1.00, where TG / TN / and TH are the conductor thickness of ground conductors, grounded conductors and electrifiable conductors, respectively, and R, is the thickness ratio of the layers. For example, in one example embodiment, the thickness of the ground and return conductors was 0.0254 mm (0.001 inches), and the thickness of the electrifiable conductor was 0.0508 mm (0.002 inches), so that the relation R = (G + T) / TH = (0.0254 mm + 0. 0254 mm) /0.0508 mm = 1.00. In addition, in the penetration dynamics of the electric wire, the opposite grounding and grounding layers can also contribute favorably to the relationship, R, giving as. result a safe condition. It has been shown that the greater this ratio, R, the safer the wire is during a penetration with a conductive object such as a nail. During the short circuit, the electric wire can act as a voltage divider from the source to the point of penetration. The ratio of layer thicknesses produces a metric scaling of voltage relationships that is applied from the inside to the penetrating object. Therefore, the safest condition of the lowest voltage on the nail, etc. is obtained. During a penetration to increase the probability of actuation and to decrease the actuation time of a safety device (for example, a circuit breaker, a circuit breaker (for example, a GFCI) or other safety disconnection device), the thickness The conductivity of the outer layers (for example, the grounding and return wires) must be substantially sufficient to cause a reliable short circuit at the point of penetration. The short circuit must result in high currents that cause the safety devices to activate is their fastest response time. This results in a safer condition based on time. The combination of lower voltage and shorter time produces a condition significantly safer than any condition on its own. At the point of penetration, after the safety device has been removed from the power supply, it can be assumed that all the layers remain in a relatively low resistance ratio. This is due to the presence of the penetrating object and / or the displacement damage of the multilayer insulation. Additionally, the flash point of the penetration may to some extent cause a melted or melted area at the perimeter of the penetration. With the repeated application of energy to the damaged area, the perimeter can be increased (for example, especially if the penetrating object has been removed) in size but sufficient resistance will be residual enough to repeat the reactivations of the safety device upon readjustment. The way to avoid repeated application of energy to the damaged area could be to have a circuit inside an Active Safety Device (ASD) that can detect a substantially shortened return for grounding conductors before applying energy to the electric wire. This characteristic capacity is supported by the design of the electric wire. Therefore, the electrical wire (e.g., the wire with protective layers) of the present invention can be considered inherently safe with a circuit breaker or fuse. In addition, safety can be further improved when the wire is used in conjunction with a safety device (eg, a circuit breaker, circuit breaker (e.g., ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI)) or other disconnect device ). The exemplary embodiments of the present invention also provide advantages over other electrical safety problems, such as frayed insulation that allows incidental contact and possible electrocution are best solved by the exemplary embodiments of the present invention (e.g. electric wire of protective layers) because it can include three layers of insulation between the hot conductor and the outside world (in any direction). This is commonly called "triple insulation" as opposed to conventional double insulated contemporary wire. With respect to electrical shielding, the external grounding layer of the electrical wire of the present invention (for example, the protective layer wire) can provide a shield through which the energy transmission or electrical noise signals generated by load it can not pass through the cable to interfere with transmission signals or cause a "buzz" in audio equipment. In addition, with respect to flammability, the electric wire of the present invention offers several advantages over electrical wires and wiring systems. Specifically, the electric wire of the present invention can provide a relatively large surface area to dissipate heat. Therefore the external conductor (s) (eg grounding conductors) can easily conduct heat away from the film insulator which is heated from an external source, reducing the risk of fire caused by heat. In addition, the heat transfer rate may exceed the combustion rate, thereby extinguishing a localized combustion area. Additional "layers of protection" may be added to the electrical wire of the present invention. For example, in addition to an electrical wire (for example, a protective layer wire) and a circuit breaker configuration, a GFCI, an arc fault detector, and specially developed "active safety devices" can also be included and used with the electric wire to further reduce the likelihood of shock, electrocution or fire. In addition, since the electrifiable conductor in the present invention can be provided between (for example, inside) the return and grounding conductors, the return and grounding conductors and the insulating layers can provide protection against abrasion for the electrifiable conductor. That is, the layers formed in the electrifiable conductor (eg, insulating layers, return conductor and ground conductor) can inhibit the abrasion of the electrifiable conductor such as when a wall (or ceiling) on which it is mounted, is sanded with a sandpaper or any other abrasive. In addition, the electrical wire of the present invention may include a flat, flexible wire that allows the user to carry electricity to any area of a wall or ceiling in a room. The electric wire can be very thin (for example with a total thickness of no more than 1.27 mm (0.050 inches)) and can be mounted to the wall, ceiling or floor surface (for example, using an adhesive), thus eliminating the need for an expensive internal wall, ceiling or rewiring of the floor. The wire can also be painted or upholstered to match the rest of the surface. Each of the conductors in the electric wire of the present invention can include one or a plurality of conductors (for example, conductive copper layers, of aluminum of another conducting material) that are each from about 0.010 to about 0.508 mm (0.0004) to about 0.020 inches) thick, and preferably of the order of about 0.0254 mm (0.001 inches) in thickness or less. Drivers can be formed from a variety of materials that have a variety of patterns, dimensions and spacings. For example, the conductors may be formed of an electrically conductive material such as metal (e.g., copper, aluminum, silver, other conductive materials, etc.), polysilicone, ceramic material, carbon fiber, or conductive ink. In addition, drivers can be very thin. The thickness of the conductor should be consistent throughout its length and width, thereby eliminating any "hot spots" of strength. The current specifications of a particular application can be achieved in any of three ways, either individually or in combination. First, the thickness of the conductors can be varied. Second, additional thin conductive layers (eg, copper, aluminum or other conductive material) can be stacked for each conductor. Third, the thickness of the conductor can be increased. For example, in an example load and current application, each conductor may include approximately two conductive layers (e.g., copper, aluminum and other layers of conductive material). It is understood, however, that the use of more or less layers, for each of the described modalities, is within the scope of the invention. The insulating layers in the electric wire can be formed from a variety of materials. For example, the insulating layers may include a polymeric material (e.g., polypropylene film, polyester film, polyethylene film, etc.). In addition, the insulating layers can have a thickness, for example, in a range of 0.006 to 0.762 mm (0.00025 to 0.030 inches). The insulating layers formed between the conductors can also guide the conductive layers. In addition, the insulating material can be used alone, or in combination with the internal adhesive, to separate the conductors and maintain a safe distance between conductors of different purposes (for example, grounding versus return or electrifiable (eg hot)) . In addition, the electrical wire may have tapered edges (e.g. tapered in a direction of transverse thickness) to facilitate optical occlusion (e.g., when mounted on a ceiling or wall). For example, the layers (e.g., conductor layers and / or insulator layers) may have different widths to facilitate that tapered edge. It is understood that the additional insulating materials are considered within the scope of the present invention and can be used as long as the insulation complies with specifications, can be painted, and flexed on surfaces. The insulator must also be compatible with cover compounds (for example, bonding), be UV tolerant, and have a thermal expansion and contraction characteristics similar to those of the conductors and the surface to which they adhere. Other desirable properties are that the insulator must withstand tensile forces applied in the manufacturing process, not retract or relax under storage conditions, and be removable when it is finished. Any abrasion, fracture, cutting, perforation, or any other damage to the insulation (for example, damage that could result in unsafe exposure to injury or bodily injury, or physical damage or to buildings, such as a structure) should be made safe using electronic means of fault detection that will disconnect potentially dangerous or harmful currents from the user in a time interval that will prevent permanent damage. In addition, the adhesive material 290 (e.g., in Figure 2D) should be capable of adhering the insulating layers and conductors. For example, they can be used as an adhesive - internal, adhesive tape, liquid adhesive, thermal adhesive, pressure sensitive adhesive, or UV sensitive adhesive or a combination of any such adhesives or adhesion methods. The internal adhesive material can also function to separate the groups of conductive layers and maintain a dielectric distance between the conductors of different purposes.

An external adhesive layer may also be formed on the outermost insulating layer of the electrical wire to adhere the wire to a desired surface. The outer adhesive layer could be, for example, a double-sided tape, with one side being fixed to the back of the wire and the other side to the wall (or ceiling) or to a surface. Alternatively, a separate chemical adhesive can be applied, and can consist of any of the adhesives with good adhesion qualities for both the insulating layer and the desired surface to which the wire will adhere. The insulating layers can also be joined by shape (eg, oval), while the other conductors 221, 222 can be substantially flat or flex. In Figures 3P-3R, and 3T, some of the conductors may be substantially flat and the other conductors may be formed around (eg, partially around) the flat conductor. In addition, as illustrated in Figures 3U-3, the conductors (e.g., conductors 210 in Figure 3U) may be bent around one another in an interlaced fashion. Figures 4A-4C illustrate another example aspect of the electric wire in accordance with the present invention. These drawings describe the "hot zone" which is an important concept introduced by the present invention. Specifically, the "hot zone" can be considered as an area which is at least "substantially trapped" by a return conductor. As illustrated in Figure 4A, the hot zone may include segments of layers arranged in any horizontal and vertical format, depending on the application (s) of the electric wire. For example, Figure 4A illustrates a cross-sectional view of a general case for a conductor orientation. It should be noted that the insulating (and adhesive) layers are not shown in Figures 4A-4C for simplification. As shown in Figure 4A, the electric wire 200 can include grounding conductors 222 and return conductors 221 formed on opposite sides (eg, above and below) of the hot zone 295. Additionally, in the Hot zone 295 includes "M" vertical segments, and "N" horizontal segments of electrifiable conductors. More specifically, hot zone 295 may include segment (1,1) 296, up to segment (1, M) 297, and segment (?, L) 298 to segment (M,?) 299. It should be noted that M Y ? They are not particularly limited. In addition, an application of the wire in accordance with example aspects of the present invention may include the transmission of electrical communication signals such as voice and data transmission signals. For example, the wire can be used as part of a power line communication (PLC) communication system in which the wire (e.g., a portion of the wire) is used to provide electrical power to the wire. CA, and is also used (e.g., a portion of the wire is used) as a means to establish a network for transmitting voice and / or data communication signals. At this time, the wire can be used to provide high-speed network access points whenever there is an AC electrical outlet. Specifically, the wire can transmit electrical communication signals during the proximity of zero crossing time of an AC power supply. In addition, there may be many different types (e.g., formats) of communication signals transmitted by the wire including RS485, HDTV, etc., in accordance with the present invention. For example, as illustrated in Figure 4A, the electric wire 200 may also include a portion 450 which may be reserved for an electrical signal (e.g., a communications signal) in addition to electrical power that is supplied to either side for the "hot zone". For example, drivers in this reserved portion 450 may include drivers with patterns such as those described by McCurdy, and collaborators, in the US patent application No. 10 / 154,929 (Non-Uniform Transmission Line and Method of Manufacture thereof) which was filed on May 28, 2002, and which is assigned in conjunction with the present application and is incorporated here as a reference. Additionally, the wire 200 may include a plurality of such portions 450 which each may be dedicated to transporting the same or different types (e.g., formats) of communication signals. It should be noted that the electrical wire in accordance with the exemplary aspects of the present invention can be used to transmit communication signals independently of any electrical current. That is, the electrifiable conductors can be completely dedicated to communication signals or completely to a power supply. For three-way switching of lights there may be a need for two conductors in the hot zone that will alternately switch from the return to electrified (eg, neutral to hot). Figure 4B illustrates two possible embodiments for achieving this with the present invention. For example, the first mode (to the left) includes return conductors 221 and ground wires 222. In addition, this embodiment includes two electrifiable conductors 210 which are substantially coplanar in the hot zone 295. The second mode (to the right) is similar to the first mode, except that the electrifiable conductors have a stacked arrangement. It should be noted that the first embodiment provides an electric wire with a smaller thickness (eg, thinner), while the second embodiment provides an electrical wire having a smaller width (eg, narrower). As indicated above, the example embodiments of the electric wire can be used for a basically unlimited range of voltage applications (eg, from 0 V to 240 V and higher). For example, the wire can be used to supply two-phase power such as the standard 240 V AC. Additionally, Figure 4C illustrates an electrical wire 200 in accordance with another example aspect. As shown in Figure 4C, the electric wire 200 can include a plurality "N" of horizontal stacks 460, each stack with "M" electrifiable conductors 210. This aspect can be used, for example, for multiple branch circuits. It should be noted that the horizontal segments can share a common insulator between layers and on the outside of the ground conductors 222. Referring again to the figures, Figure 5 illustrates an exemplary aspect of the electric wire 200 of the present invention ( note that the wire of Figure 5 is similar to that of Figure 2D). As shown in Figure 5, the electric wire 200 may include an 14 AWG electrical wire (e.g., American Wire Gauge). For example, an adhesive 290 may be included as illustrated. In addition, the wire 200 may include the insulating layers 215, 225 and 230 which are formed of polyester and which are 0.0254 mm (0.001 inches) thick, fully annealed. Wire 200 also includes conductors 210, 221 and 222 which are formed of copper (or aluminum or other conductive material) CDA 102 or CDA 110, with a thickness of 0.0254 mm (0.001 inches). As is evident from Figure 5, the widths of the layers vary. For example, conductor 210 has a width of 41,148 mm (1,620 inches), while conductors 221 and 222 have a width of 44.45 mm (1.75 inches). The insulating layer 215 has a width of 50.8 mm (2000 inches), the insulating layer 225 has a width of 57.15 mm (2.25 inches) and the insulating layer 230 has a width of 63.5 mm (2,500 inches). The electrical wire in accordance with the exemplary aspects of the present invention may include a longitudinal portion formed between two end portions. Figure 6 illustrates possible terminations for the electric wire 200. The side of the line 610 in Figure 6 is where the energy originates and the side of the load 620 is where it is supplied. Line-side power can typically originate through a common outlet or other source (eg, a conventional source). Termination techniques (eg, at the end of the wire) may include welding, beading, surface contact, clamping and displacement of the insulator. With respect to the line side terminations, a male plug placed in the outlet with a cable glue for plugging in can be terminated in the termination box on the side of line 615. In this case, the box can be mounted on the wall (or ceiling) near the plug socket. In addition, the termination box can be a "source module" as a mechanical interface for an active safety device (ASD), which is plugged into the socket. In addition, the termination box can reside on the plugs and plugs in a socket (outlet). With respect to the load-side terminations, a set of "moving heads" or conventional wires may be provided for the user to cut to the length and make the termination as necessary (e.g., light arms, ceiling fans, etc.). Additionally, a terminal strip mounted on a small printed circuit board that is attached to the wire can provide the user with screw terminals. In addition, the termination box (destinations) on the load side 625 may include its own plugs for the user to connect. Another aspect of the wire in accordance with the exemplary aspects of the present invention is that it can provide a capacitance solution. That is, the capacitance that results from the electrifiable conductor that can be very close to the return conductor, can represent a reactive current in superposition with any load current. This capacitance is charged based on the applied voltage (for example, AC or DC). Since the return conductor has a low voltage with respect to the electxifiable conductor, a very small charge will accumulate in any capacitor formed between the return and grounding conductors. Specifically, the electric wire (e.g., flat wire in the form of layers) can be considered to form a series of capacitances (e.g., capacitors) with an equivalent circuit (e.g., a capacitive circuit) as illustrated in Figure 7 As shown in Fig. 7, the electric wire 200 including an electrifiable conductor 210, the ground conductors 221 and the ground conductors 222 can form the capacitors Cl, C2A and C2B. In this case, the capacitor Cl is a capacitor of parallel plates formed by the return conductor 221 (for example, 'neutral layer (s)) very close to the electrifiable conductor (for example, the internal (hot) conductor) 210. The capacitor C2 is formed by the return conductor (for example, neutral) 221 and the grounding conductor 222 very close. With regard to the impact of the capacitors Cl and C2, it should be noted that the capacitor Cl (C1A / C1B) can cause a current to flow between the electrifiable conductor (for example, the hot flat wire) 210 and the return conductor (for example, the neutral flat wire) 221 through the dielectric (and any amount of air that may be present with the absence of adhesive) formed between them. Therefore, it can be seen that any amount of air trapped between the layers after the final fixation (for example, a cover compound, papal tapestry, paint, etc.) of the electric wire 200 (for example, the flat wire) can cause a dramatic reduction in capacitance due to the low dielectric constant of the air (e = 1.0). As the longitudinal distance (for example, along the length) of the wire increases, a significant capacitance can be created in the electric wire 200 (for example, the flat AC wire) and, therefore, relatively large currents can be produced. In addition, the capacitor Cl current, which is in the return (e.g., neutral) conductor 221 and the electrifiable (e.g., hot) conductor 210, represents a balanced load current for HN CT (e.g. return current less the flow of the hot stream is zero) and therefore is not considered to be a problem with respect to the false activation of the GFCI of the line source. In the event that the capacitive current in the return and electrifiable conductors (for example, neutral and hot) become a problem, a "cancellation" circuit can be implemented to cancel the current. In addition, the capacitor C2 (C2A / C2B) will not cause significant current to flow between the return (e.g., neutral) 221 conductor and the electrifiable (e.g., hot) conductor 210 (e.g., the neutral ribbon cable and the flat cable G? D) since the voltage differential is typically less than 1 volt.

In addition, as indicated above, in the event that the capacitive current in the return and electrifiable conductors (eg, neutral and hot) become a problem, a "cancellation" circuit (eg, a circuit) may be implemented. which has an inductance) to cancel the current. Referring again to the figures, the capacitance value of the CIA capacitor can actually be derived from a parallel plate capacitor model. Figures 8-10 illustrate a typical two-plate capacitor, a four-plate capacitor, and a three-plate capacitor, respectively, where P identifies the capacitor plates, and D identifies the dielectric between the capacitor plates. The capacitance of the parallel plates, C, (for example as indicated by a capacitance meter, meter C) can be given by C = eA / d, where the dielectric constant of the dielectric, D, between the conductors is given by e = e0-eR, where A is the area of the plate capacitor, d is the distance between the surfaces of the plates, e0 is the dielectric constant (for example, permissiveness) of the free space, and eR is the relative permissiveness of the dielectric material. Therefore, as illustrated in Figure 8, for a two-plate capacitor, the area, A, of the parallel plate capacitor is given as A = LW, and where L is the length of the plate, W is The width of the plate, and as illustrated in Figure 9, for a four-plate capacitor, the area, A, is given by A = LW-2. Figure 10 shows the wiring or configuration of a battery of a capacitor of three plates that emulates the electric wire 200 (for example the electric flat wire) with shields shortened in relation to each electrifiable conductor (for example internal). It should be noted that the configuration of Fig. 10 can be derived by removing a plate (e.g., a conductor) and a dielectric separator. (for example, an insulating layer) of the structure shown in Figure 9. Furthermore, as illustrated in Figure 10, the area of the plate capacitor is given by A = WLk, where the plate multiplying constant, k, is actually the number of plates (n) divided by 2. Therefore, for a capacitor with three plates, the constant k = 1.5. Therefore, for the electric wire (for example, the stacked flat electric wire) the capacitance for the capacitor formed between the electrifiable conductor and its two adjacent return conductors (for example, the layers), is given by C = e ( WL- 1.5) / d, or C = 1.5-WLe / d. It should be further noted that the capacitance value in using the above equation will become the worst case since the conductors (eg, the layers) are not necessarily in total contact with each other. Air spaces and separations where no adhesive is present produce larger values of "d" thereby causing smaller values of capacitance. This capacitance can vary based on the percent of surface adhesion between the layers and the amount of compressive force that can be applied to the outer surfaces of the dielectric wire (e.g., flat wire). Referring again to the figures, Figures 11-12 illustrate how a capacitively coupled current in the electrical wire can be canceled in accordance with the exemplary aspects of the present invention. Specifically, Figure 11 illustrates the case where the wire 200 having an electrifiable conductor 210 and two return conductors 221 terminates in an active safety device (ASD) or source module 1100. In this In this case, the capacitively coupled current, DC, can be represented as shown in FIG. 11. Since the return conductor (for example neutral) is not electrified significantly (for example, low AC voltage) it has a small impact on the current coupled to the shields. The electrifiable conductor (for example, hot) 210, however, is highly electrified and couples capacitive currents to the grounding conductors 221 (eg, neutral) across the length of the electrical wire (eg, the flat wire). Figure 12 provides a capacitive current cancellation diagram which illustrates how a cancellation circuit could be used to produce a net zero current in the electrifiable conductor 210 and the ground conductors (e.g. hot and neutral conductors) with respect to to capacitance. As illustrated in FIG. 12, the cancellation circuit 1200 can be included as part of or used in conjunction with an active security device 1100. Specifically, the stream, IL, after applying the cancellation circuit 1200 can be represented by IL = IN1 + IN2 - le / where IN? and IN2 are the current in the return conductors 221, and Ic is the cancellation current (eg, provided by the cancellation circuit). For example, IL can be 0 mA. Another aspect of the electrical wire in accordance with exemplary embodiments of the present invention, is a bidirectional nature of the "shielding" capability of the grounding conductors (e.g., ground, external). For example, as indicated above, the at least one grounding layer inhibits the transfer / emission from the electrical wire of the power transmission signals and the electrical noise generated by loads. In addition, the shielding provided by the grounding conductors prevents the entry of externally generated electrical noise either into the return or electrifiable conductors, which is also a valuable feature. Also in the interest of safety and communications in relation to the grounding layers, the two or more grounding conductors 222 (e.g. insulated (external) grounding layers) in the electrical wire (e.g. , a stacked array) provide an opportunity to send a communication type signal longitudinally to the other end of the grounding conductor 222, through a "bridge" in the destination "module" and back longitudinally to the source. This can be used to provide, for example, a "continuity check of grounding circuit". Therefore, the electric wire can provide the ability to verify the continuity of an "active safety device" before electrifying the electrifiable conductor or electrifiable conductor segments. A practical application for this feature is to provide safety while an electrician completes the exposed ends of the electrical wire. Figure 13 provides a schematic diagram of an example configuration for detecting the continuity of the grounding circuit using the electric wire. As illustrated in FIG. 13, the grounding conductor 222 and the opposing grounding conductor 222 can be considered as part of a closed circuit between a source 1310 and a destination 1320.

The wire can also accommodate additional communication tasks such as providing a current-transmitting transformer (CT) and a current-sensing transformer (CT). A periodic signal, which can be (eg, preferably) greater than an AC line frequency, can be injected into one of the grounding conductors 222 while. the opposite grounding conductor 222 is detected for the return of the signal through the detection CT. Figure 14 provides a conceptual illustration to provide a split landing indication where the electrical wire is disposed between a source module (for example, power outlet) 1410 and a destination module 1420, which can transmit and receive electrical signals processed by the transmission and reception electronics. The two or more return conductors 222 (e.g., insulated (external) grounding layers in the stacked array or lateral (flat) array) may be further divided or transversely separated to provide an opportunity to send a communications type signal longitudinally and differentially between divided conductors. Referring again to the figures, Figure 15 illustrates a method 1500 for manufacturing an electric wire in accordance with exemplary aspects of the present invention. The method 1500 includes the formation (1510) of at least one electrifiable conductor, which forms (1520) a pair of return conductors on opposite sides of the at least one electrifiable conductor, such that at least one electrifiable conductor is at least trapped by the return drivers. Specifically, the conductors in the electric wire (e.g., electrifiable, return and grounding conductors) may be formed of a substantially conductive medium, and may include, for example, copper, aluminum, steel, silver, gold, platinum nickel, tin, graphite, silicon, an alloy including any of these, conductive gas, metal, alloy metal. That is, drivers can include any material that is capable of transferring electrons regardless of the efficiency in doing so. This is true as long as the relative capacity to transfer electrons in the "conductors" is substantially better than the "insulators". In addition, the insulating layers can be formed of substantially non-conductive ("insulating") media, and can include, for example, a material that is organic, inorganic, composite, metallic, carbonic, homogeneous, heterogeneous, thermoplastic (e.g. , polyolefin, polyester, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC)), thermoset, wood, paper, anodic formation, corrosive layer, or others. The insulating layers can be made from any material that has a relationally lower (for example proportionately) ability to conduct electricity than the conductors. A distinguishing feature of insulating layers (which determines the relationship involved), is that their size, shape, and dielectric strength are independent variables whose resulting dependent variable is the maximum design voltage, among the "conductors" mentioned above, before A substantial current flows through the insulating medium due to a failure of its insulating properties. The substantial current typically creates a condition that could result in a catastrophic failure of the electric wire. The insulating layers should be designed in such a way that in the typical application or intended use of the electric wire, there is no fault between the conductors (eg, substantially conductive media), through the insulating layers (eg, substantially non-conductive media). The electric wire can be formed by the creation of layers (for example lamination) of the insulating conductors and layers (for example, substantially conductive and substantially non-conductive means (e.g., laminates)). In addition, laminates that include premanufactured materials facilitate mass lamination. Most electric wires are manufactured by winding flat insulators around the axis of a bundle of round wires in helical form. Also most individual wires are insulated by extruding a plastic PVC coating around the round wire. However, electric wire in accordance with the exemplary aspects of the present invention may include a laminated sheet or sheet that is cut to the desired widths. The same applies for insulating material. Those conductors and insulators that are processed by lamination techniques can then be coated with adhesives that allow dissimilar materials to join with one another in a continuous feeding process. Cutting may occur before the joining of dissimilar materials or after, depending on the geometrical configuration. For example, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the insulators and conductors are cut before joining the materials together. Further, as illustrated in Figure 16, conductors 210, 221, 222 can be sealed or encapsulated by insulating layers (e.g., single insulation 1620 and / or group insulation 1630) and an adhesive 1650 can be formed between insulating layers 1620 , 1630. The insulators are attached to the conductors, and they overlap the transverse width of the conductors so that the insulators can be attached to the insulators. The mutual union between the insulating materials creates a much stronger and permanent bond, encapsulating the conductor further around the entire periphery of the cross section. There can be any number of insulators between the conductors. Insulators for individual conductors can end, one next to the other (reciprocally). Or there may be a combination of multiple layers of insulators for purposes that typically have to do with the connection requirements. In addition, as illustrated in FIG. 17, groups of multiple insulators 1710 (e.g., insulating laminates) which are formed of groups of individual insulators 1720 can be placed between any two conductors 210, 221, 222. group insulator layer 1730 around the structure including groups of insulators 1710 and conductors 210, 221, 222. When the conductor layers are separated by a layer of insulating material, there is a possibility that a material defect is present insulating. One such defect, in the case of the laminates, is an opening (eg, a pinhole) in the insulating material. The opening prevents the intended insulation from occurring and may result in a conductive path in the opening area of the laminate. When placing two laminates or two sheets or two slats (whatever the name for the layers of substantially flat insulation), between any two conductors, the statistical probability of placing two openings (eg, defects) in a matching position is minimized substantially). Individually insulated conductors (for example, as illustrated in Figures 16 and 17) can be formed by placing the insulating materials in substantially parallel planes with the conductors, and then attaching the insulating materials to the conductor by attachment. The conductors can be grouped together by group insulation 1630, 1730. Individually insulated conductors can be assembled by means of a possible adhesive 1650 or alternative methods of conjunction. This allows the present invention to provide an electrical wire whose adhesive or layered configuration allows the detachment and bending of individual conductors for termination purposes. With its unique and novel features, the present invention provides an electric wire and an electric wire manufacturing method which when damaged externally, has a reduced risk of contributing to injuries or bodily harm, or damage to property (eg, structural), with respect to conventional electrical wires. While the invention has been described in terms of one or more embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention can be practiced with modification within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. Specifically, one skilled in the art will understand that the figures herein are intended to be illustrative, and the design of the inventive assembly is not limited to that described herein but may be modified within the spirit and scope of the present invention. Additionally, the applicant's claim is to encompass the equivalents of all claimed elements, and no amendment to any claim of the present application shall be considered as a waiver of any interest or right to an equivalent of any element or feature of the amended claim. It is noted that in relation to this date, the best method known to the applicant to carry out the aforementioned invention, is that which is clear from the present description of the invention.

Claims (32)

1. CLAIMS Having described the invention as above, the content of the following claims is claimed as property: 1. An electric wire, characterized in that it comprises: at least one electrifiable conductor; and a first and second return conductors which are respectively formed on opposite sides of the at least one electrifiable conductor, such that the at least one electrifiable conductor is at least substantially trapped by the first and the second of the return conductors. . The electric wire according to claim 1, characterized in that it additionally comprises: a first and a second insulating layer which are formed between the at least one electrifiable conductor and the first and second return conductors, respectively. The electric wire according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one electrifiable conductor and the first and second return conductors comprise substantially flat conductive layers having a stacked arrangement. The electric wire according to claim 3, characterized in that a distance between the at least one electrifiable conductor and each of the first and second return conductors is not greater than about 0.762 millimeters (0.030 inches). The electric wire according to claim 1, characterized in that the first and second return conductors are in contact with one another along a longitudinal edge of the electric wire, in such a way that the electrifiable conductor is completely trapped for the first and second return drivers. The electric wire according to claim 1, characterized in that the first and second return conductors are treated by at least one mechanical, chemical or thermal treatment to form a protective longitudinal edge of the electric wire, the protective edge inhibiting the fact that an external object penetrates the electric wire and comes into contact with the electrifiable conductor without coming into contact with one of the return conductors, either the first or the second. The electric wire according to claim 2, characterized in that the first and second insulating layers are in contact with one another along a longitudinal edge of the electric wire. The electric wire according to claim 7, characterized in that the first and second insulating layers are treated by at least one mechanical, chemical or thermal treatment to form a protective longitudinal edge of the electric wire, the protective edge inhibiting the The fact that an external object penetrates the electric wire and comes into contact with the electrifiable conductor. 9. The electric wire according to claim 2, characterized in that it additionally comprises: an external insulating layer formed on the first and second return conductors. 10. An electric wire, characterized in that it comprises-, at least one electrifiable conductor; first and second insulating layers formed on opposite sides of the at least one electrifiable conductor; first and second return conductors formed in the first and second insulating layers, respectively, in such a way that the at least one electrifiable conductor is at least substantially trapped by the first and second return conductors; third and fourth insulating layers formed on the first and second return conductors, respectively; first and second grounding conductors formed in the third and fourth insulating layer, respectively; and a fifth and a sixth insulating layer formed on the first and second grounding conductors, respectively. The electric wire according to claim 10, characterized in that the first and second return conductors are treated by at least one mechanical treatment, chemical or thermal to form a protective longitudinal edge of the electrical wire, the protective edge inhibiting the fact that an external object penetrates the electric wire and comes into contact with the electrifiable conductor without coming into contact with one of the return conductors and be the first or the second. 12. The electric wire according to claim 10, characterized in that the area between the first and second return conductors forms a hot zone, the electrifiable conductor being arranged in the hot zone. The electric wire according to claim 12, characterized in that the at least one electrifiable conductor comprises a plurality of electrifiable conductors which are formed in that hot zone and comprise a plurality of horizontal segments through a width of the wire and a plurality of vertical segments through a thickness of the wire. 14. The electric wire according to claim 13, characterized in that the at least one segment in the plurality of horizontal segments of the electrifiable conductors is used to transmit a communication signal, and wherein at least one segment in the plurality of horizontal segments of Electrifiable conductors are used to supply electrical power either from alternating current or direct current. 15. The electrical wire according to claim 14, characterized in that the communication signal comprises either a voice communication signal or a data communication signal. 16. The electric wire according to claim 10, characterized in that a capacitance formed between the at least one electrifiable conductor and the first, and the second return conductors is given by C -1.5-WLe / d, where W is the width of the return and electrifiable conductors, L is the length of the return and electrifiable conductors, e is the dielectric constant for the first and second insulating layers and d is the distance between each return and electrifiable conductor. 17. The electric wire according to claim 10, characterized in that it additionally comprises: an adhesive for joining adjacent insulating layers and conductors in the electric wire. 18. The electric wire according to claim 10, characterized in that an object penetrating an external surface of the electric wire is brought into contact with one of the grounding conductors, either the first or the second and with one of these conductors. return either the first or the second, before contacting the at least one electrifiable conductor. 19. The electric wire according to claim 10, characterized in that the first and second grounding conductors inhibit the transmission of energy signals and the electrical noise generated by loads from the electric wire. 20. The electric wire according to claim 10, characterized in that the first and second return conductors and the first and second grounding conductors comprise a heat dissipation rate which is greater than a dissipation rate of heat for a round conductor, for a given cross-sectional area. 21. The electric wire according to claim 10, characterized in that the electric wire comprises either an alternating current electric wire (AC) or a direct current electric wire (DC) to supply an electric current having a greater potential than 0 volts. 22. The electric wire according to claim 10, characterized in that the electric wire comprises an electric wire that can be mounted on surfaces. 23. The electric wire according to claim 10, characterized in that the first and the second return conductors each have a thickness TG, and the first and second earthing conductors each have a thickness TN, and the conductor electrifiable has a thickness TH, such that a thickness ratio R = (TG + TN) / TH is about 1.00. 24. An electric wire, characterized in that it comprises: at least one electrifiable conductor; a first layer formed around the at least one electrifiable conductor; a return conductor formed around the first insulating layer, such that the at least one electrifiable conductor is at least substantially trapped by the return conductor; and a second insulating layer formed around the return conductor. 25. The electric wire according to claim 24, characterized in that it additionally comprises: a grounding conductor formed around the second insulating layer; and a third insulating layer formed around the second grounding conductors. 26. The electric wire according to claim 24, characterized in that the electrifiable conductor, the return conductor and the grounding conductor comprise either a curvilinear cross-section geometry or a substantially rectilinear cross-section geometry. 27. The electric wire according to claim 24, characterized in that the electrifiable conductor, the return conductor and the ground conductor are formed in substantially parallel planes. 28. The electric wire according to claim 24, characterized in that it comprises a substantially flat electrical wire having a total thickness of no more than about 1.27 millimeters (0.050 inches). 29. The electric wire according to claim 24, characterized in that the electrifiable conductor, the return conductor and the grounding conductor comprise conductors of substantially oval shape. 30. A method of manufacturing an electric wire, characterized in that it comprises: forming at least one electrifiable conductor; and forming a first and a second return conductor on opposite sides of the at least one electrifiable conductor, such that the at least one electrifiable conductor is at least substantially trapped by the return conductors. 31. An electrical power supply system, characterized in that it comprises the electric wire according to claim 1. 32. An electrical signal transmission system, characterized in that it comprises the electrical wire according to claim 1.