COMPOSITION AND METHOD RELATED TO A HOT FLOATING ADHESIVE Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a hot melt adhesive based on a composition of a copolymer of ethylene methyl methacrylate and a tackifying resin. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to hot melt adhesives, which are widely used for various applications. Hot melt adhesives generally comprise materials that can be conveniently applied by extrusion or wheel application of the adhesive composition at elevated temperatures on a workpiece to which it is desired to secure another workpiece. The hot melt adhesives to date have had a lower thermal stability than desirable. That is, the previous hot melt adhesives typically have a substantial change in viscosity over time, darken significantly over a relatively short period of time, and produce deposit, film or gel. It is also noted that traditional hot melt adhesives have an unpleasant odor. The repeated use of such odoriferous adhesives can result in a very unpleasant work environment. In addition, hot melt adhesives to date have a poor performance of glue during a temperature range. That is, they lack satisfactory adhesiveness over a range of temperatures. One application for hot melt adhesives is the binding of books. Generally, there are two different methods for the manufacture of book blocks. The method of "unloading" involves the application of an adhesive directly on the spine of the book block. The "two discharges" method involves (1) the application of a priming composition on the spine, and then (2) the application of an adhesive composition to the surface of the dry sizing composition. Water-based adhesives have typically been used as the primer composition in the binding of books. However, these adhesives have a slow rate of hardening which can be detrimental to the production rate of the binders. While dryers and heat have been employed to facilitate the drying of water-based primers, exposure to heat typically causes the water-based primer to detach and trap moisture within the formed polymer membrane. Water trapped inside the water-based priming layer can vaporize, causing the membrane to rise and form large blisters that rupture and explode in the heat. On the other hand, if the water-based primer does not dry sufficiently, it will cause splashing and blistering upon the application of a second hot melt adhesive discharge at application temperatures ranging from about 100 ° C to about 200 ° C due to the remaining water present in the water based dresser. Thus, hot melt adhesives are more and more commonly used as pre-adhesive adhesives in the two-discharge method because they improve speed and production, reduce the cost of sticking due to the removal of units from this drying and eliminate the drying problems associated with water-based adhesive primers. A disadvantage, however, of the hot melt adhesives available to date has been an inability to provide aggressive adhesion to a variety of paper materials. Therefore, there is a need in the art for an adhesive composition having good thermal stability in which it has little or no viscosity change, little or moderate color change and no deposit, film formation or gelation. There is also a need for an adhesive composition that has less odor and less unpleasant odor than traditional hot melt adhesives. further, there is a need for an adhesive composition having superior bonding performance over a wide range of temperatures. In addition, there is a need for an adhesive composition that provides adhesive aggression to a variety of paper materials in the bookbinding area. Brief Description of the Invention The present invention, in one embodiment, is a hot melt adhesive composition. The composition includes a copolymer of ethylene methyl methacrylate and a tackifying resin. The composition may also include such additional components as oils, waxes, antioxidants and block copolymers. In one embodiment, the composition consists essentially of a copolymer of ethylene methyl methacrylate and a tackifying resin. In an alternative embodiment, the present invention is a hot melt adhesive composition comprising a copolymer of ethylene methyl methacrylate, a block copolymer and a tackifying resin, with the proviso that the composition does not include a surfactant. The present invention, in another embodiment, is a method for using a hot melt adhesive for book binding. The method includes providing a hot melt adhesive composition having an ethylene methyl methacrylate copolymer and a tackifying resin, and applying the composition to elements of a book that are glued. In a further embodiment, the present invention is a package formulation. The formulation includes a hot melt adhesive composition consisting essentially of a copolymer of ethylene methyl methacrylate and a tackifying resin, and instructions for application of the composition to a substrate. Alternatively, the formulation includes a hot melt adhesive composition having an ethylene methyl methacrylate copolymer, a block copolymer and a tackifying resin, and instructions for applying the composition to a substrate. While multiple embodiments are disclosed, still other embodiments of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, which shows and describes illustrative embodiments of the invention. As will be understood, the invention is capable of modifications in several obvious aspects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the drawings and the detailed description will be considered as illustrative and not restrictive in nature.
Detailed Description The methods and compositions of the present invention are directed to a hot melt adhesive for use in various industries, including product assembly, packaging, book binding, bag assembly and nonwoven assembly. The compositions of the present invention are directed to, without limitation, hot melt adhesives of standard temperature range and low application temperature. The compositions of the present invention are both thermally stable and have superior tack performance compared to the present technology over a wide range of temperatures. In addition, the compositions of the present invention exhibit excellent adhesion to a wide range of paper types. In addition, the compositions of the present invention exhibit excellent low temperature flexibility together with high heat resistance and also exhibit exceptional heat stability compared to the present technology. In one aspect, the present invention is a composition of a copolymer of ethylene methyl methacrylate in combination with a tackifying resin. "Ethylene methyl methacrylate" is a copolymer of ethylene and methyl methacrylate that provides flexibility and resistance to the composition of the present invention.
According to one embodiment, the concentration of the methyl methacrylate in the ethylene methyl methacrylate copolymer is in an amount ranging from about 20% to about 40% by weight of the copolymer. Alternatively, the concentration ranges from about 25% to about 35% by weight of the copolymer. The melting index of ethylene methyl methacrylate according to one aspect of the invention is less than 1200. Alternatively, the melt index is less than 600. The preparation of ethylene methyl methacrylate is known in the art and is taught in the art. US Pat. Nos. 3,287,335 to Stuetz, 3,658,741 to nudson et al., and 3,949,016 to Agouri et al., which are incorporated herein by reference. Ethylene methacrylate methyl can be purchased from, for example, Sumitomo Chemical. The concentration of the ethylene methyl methacrylate copolymer in the composition is in an amount ranging from about 10% to about 50% by weight. Alternatively, the concentration ranges from about 15% to about 45% by weight. The term "tackifying resin" is recognized in the art and is proposed to include those substances that provide tackiness to the composition that serves to secure elements that are glued while the composition hardens, and reduces the viscosity of the composition, making the composition easier to apply to the substrate. The tackifying resin may be, but is not limited to, rosin, rosin derivatives, terpene, modified terpene resins, hydrocarbons, modified hydrocarbon resins, terpene phenolic resins or pure monomer resins, such as those known in the art. . The concentration of the tackifying resin in the composition of the present invention is in an amount ranging from about 15% to about 70% by weight. Alternatively, the concentration ranges from about 20%, to about 60% by weight. Various tackifying resins can be purchased from, for example, Arizona Chemical, Exxon Chemical and Eastman Chemical. Alternatively, the composition includes a block copolymer. The term "block copolymer" is recognized in the art and is intended to include those substances that have a styrene block, a middle block, and optionally have another styrene block.According to one embodiment, block copolymers are copolymers of styrene block For example, the block copolymer may be, but is not limited to, styrene, butyrene styrene ("SBS"), styrene isoprene styrene ("SIS"), styrene ethylpropyl styrene ("SEPS"), or styrene ethylbutyl styrene ("SEBS"). The concentration of the block copolymer in the composition of the present invention is in an amount ranging from about 0% to about 15% by weight. Alternatively, the concentration ranges from about 2% to about 10% by weight. Various block copolymers can be - purchased from, for example, Kraton Chemical, Kuraray America, Inc., and Dexco. In a further alternative, the composition may include a wax. The term "wax" is recognized in the art and is intended to include any of the viscosity modifiers that are aliphatic in nature. The wax may be, but is not limited to, paraffin wax, microcrystalline wax or synthetic wax. The concentration of the wax in the composition of the present invention is in an amount ranging from about 0% to about 40% by weight. Alternatively, the concentration ranges from about 5% to about 35% by weight. Various waxes can be purchased from, for example, Exxon Chemical and Bareco. In an alternative aspect of the present invention, the composition includes an oil. The term "oil" is recognized in the art and is intended to include any plasticizer that - plasticizes a hot melt adhesive. For example, the oil may be, but is not limited to, naphthine oil, mineral oil, or paraffin-based oil. The concentration of the oil in the composition of the present invention is in an amount ranging from about 0% to about 20% by weight. According to yet another alternative, the composition of the present invention includes an antioxidant. The term "antioxidant" is recognized in the art and is proposed to include those substances that interfere with the autooxidation process. According to one embodiment, the antioxidant stabilizes the adhesive formulation of the present invention against degradation. The antioxidant may be, but is not limited to, Irganox 565, Irganox 1010 and Irganox 1076, which are hindered phenolic antioxidants. The concentration of the antioxidant in the composition of the present invention is in an amount ranging from about 0% to about 2% by weight. Several antioxidants can be purchased from, for example, Ciba Geigy. According to an alternative, the composition of the present invention also includes one or more additional polymers. Additional polymers may include, but are not limited to, ethylene vinyl acetate ("EVA"), ethylene methyl acrylate (????), ethylene n-butyl acrylate ????? "), ethylene acrylate of ethyl ("EEA") or interpolymers. EVA is a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate. According to one embodiment, the concentration of the vinyl acetate in the EVA copolymer is in an amount ranging from about 18% to about 40% by weight of the copolymer. The EVA melt index according to one aspect of the invention is less than. about 1100. Alternatively, the EVA melt index is less than about 900. EVA is sold by, for example, AT Plastics and Exxon Chemical. EMA is a copolymer of ethylene and methyl acrylate. According to one embodiment, the concentration of the methyl acrylate in the EMA copolymer is in an amount ranging from about 15% to about 30% by weight of the copolymer. The EMA melt index according to one aspect of the invention is less than about 400. EMA is sold by, for example, Exxon Chemical. EnBA is a copolymer of ethylene and n-butyl acrylate. According to one embodiment, the concentration of the n-butyl acrylate in the EnBA copolymer is in an amount ranging from about 28% to about 38% by weight of the copolymer. The fusion rating of EnBA according to one aspect of the invention is less than about 1000. EnBA is sold by, for example, Exxon Chemical. The concentration of the additional polymer or polymers in the composition of the present invention is in an amount ranging from about 0% to about 20% by weight. Alternatively, the concentration ranges from about 5% to about 15% by weight. In one aspect of the present invention, the composition is made in the following manner. The components of the composition, other than any of the polymers that are included, are mixed in a molten state at any known temperature to mix components of a hot melt adhesive to form a mixture. Alternatively, the components melt at a temperature ranging from about 150 ° C to about 175 ° C. In one aspect of the present invention, any antioxidant component with the initial components is added. Alternatively, the antioxidant is added at any time during the preparation of the composition, including when the polymer or polymers are added. According to one embodiment, the components melt in a forced air type furnace. Alternatively, the components melt in any known apparatus for melting the ingredients of the hot melt adhesive. In one aspect of the invention, the polymer component or components are then added to the mixture. The polymer component can be added in a vertical or clear mixer. An example of such a mixer is the Type RZRI Agitator manufactured by Caframo in Wiarton, Ontario, Canada. Alternatively, the polymer or polymers can be added by any known method or apparatus. According to one embodiment, the mixture is maintained at any known temperature to maintain the mixture in a molten state. Alternatively, the mixture is maintained in the molten state at a temperature ranging from about 150 ° C to about 175 ° C. In one embodiment, the temperature of the mixture is maintained using a heating mantle. An example of the heating mantle is any of those manufactured by Glas-Col in Terre Haute, Inc. Alternatively, the temperature of the mixture can be maintained by any known method or apparatus. According to one aspect of the present invention, the composition is then mixed until it is uniform and homogeneous. In use, the composition of the present invention is applied to a substrate that is to be bonded to another substrate. That is, the composition is placed in the known hot melt adhesive application equipment. The composition is then extruded through an adhesive nozzle in the application equipment or applied to a roller and transferred to the substrate. Finally, the substrate to which the composition was applied is coupled with a second substrate and an adhesive is formed between the two substrates in the cooling. Alternatively, the composition is applied by any known method. Although the present invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that changes can be made in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The following examples are presented by way of demonstration, and not of limitation of the invention. Unless stated otherwise, the following test procedures were employed: Melt index (???? ") is measured in accordance with ASTM-D-1238, condition 190C, with 2.16 kg (formally known as condition E). The temperature of the adhesion failure in the detachment ("PAFT") is the temperature in degrees Celsius at which the sample union fails PAFT is measured according to a variation of the PAFT test in ASTM D -4498 The present test method is different because the thickness of the intercalation of the test piece in the present method is 10 thousand and the oven temperature is automatically increased before manually. The shear adhesion failure temperature ("SAFT") is the temperature in degrees Celsius at which the union of the sample fails. SAFT is measured according to a variation of the SAFT test in ASTM D-4498. The present test method is different because the thickness of the test piece interleaving in the present method is 10 thousand and the furnace temperature is automatically increased before manually. The viscosity is determined in accordance with ASTM D-3236. The measurement of the viscosity is provided herein in centipoise ("CPS") or milliPascal second ("mPa.s") as indicated herein. The melt viscosities of the hot melt adhesives were determined in a Brookfield Thermosel Thermosel Model LVDV 2+ using an appropriate rod. The tearing of the fiber ("FT") measures the percentage of fiber that covers the adhesive area after separating the bonded substrates with a sample of the adhesive composition of the present invention at a particular temperature. FT was measured according to the following procedure. Adhesive adhesives were made using a Waldorf glue simulator as is known in the art on various substrates and an application temperature of about 175 ° C, an open time of 1 second, 3 seconds, 5 seconds and 7 seconds, a hardening time (or compression time) of 2 seconds, and the account size of 0.32 cm (1/8 inch). The resulting bonds were then conditioned at about 4-5 ° C (40 ° F) for at least 24 hours, and then manually separated and the amount of fiber tearing determined based on a percentage. A minimum of six samples were tested for each composition of the present invention. Service temperature ("serv temp") is the temperature range in degrees Celsius within which the sample sticks well. Serv temp is measured by examining the results of the fiber tear bonding tests described above to determine the temperature range exhibiting 75% or greater of the fiber tear joint. That is, the fiber tear test method is performed through a temperature range. These results are examined in the temperature range in which it is determined by subjective observation of a properly performed sample is the service temperature interval. Open temperature ("OT") is the temperature in degrees Fahrénheit in which the adhesive sample transitions from the open stage (or "stickiness") to the waxy stage. The open stage is the stage in which two substrates bonded together by a sample of an adhesive composition of the present invention can be peeled off and put back together and the joint created by the present composition will still harden. The waxy stage is the stage at which the bond will not harden if the substrates come off and then put together again. The hardening temperature C "ST") is the temperature in degrees Fahrenheit in which the adhesive sample transitions from the waxy stage to the fiber tearing stage. The fiber tearing stage is the stage from which the paper tears when the substrates are peeled off. OT and ST were measured according to the following procedure. A globule of an adhesive composition of the present invention was emptied onto a gradient bar and a piece of kraft paper was pressed onto the composition. The paper was allowed to stick to the composition as the adhesive was cooled for 5 minutes. The 'apel' then peeled back to show where the phase transitions occurred. The temperature was then measured at the phase transition points and recorded. The open time is a longer time measurement between the application of the adhesive sample to a first substrate of the first substrate coupling with a second after which the separation of the substrates will result in 80% tear of the substrate. fiber as defined herein. The open time is measured according to the following procedure. Adhesive bonds are made using a Waldorf union simulator as is known in the art. The open time (time between application and coupling) is then varied to determine the longest open time that can be used that still results in 80% fiber tearing. The hardening time is a measurement of the shorter compression time after which the separation of the substrates still results in 80% tearing of the fiber. The hardening time is measured according to the following procedure. The adhesive bonds are made using a Waldorf union simulator as is known in the art. Using a predetermined open time, the hardening time (period of time) during which the two substrates and the applied adhesive sample are compressed together) is varied to determine the shortest hardening time at which 80% is still achieved. fiber tearing. Softening point ("SP") of the sample is the temperature in degrees Celsius in which the sample melts to a predetermined degree. SP was measured according to the procedure set forth in ASTM D-3461. Heat-aged softening point ("heat aged SP") is an average of the softening point measurements taken at various times during a heat aging study. The measurement is taken after placing the sample in a glass container and allowing the sample to stand for 200 hours or a specified period of time otherwise. This is measured in degrees Celsius. Heat aged SP was measured according to the following procedure. Two to three sample cups of adhesive were measured in a pyrex or glass container. The container was then placed in an oven in which it was heated to a predetermined rate of temperature increase. During the warm-up, the sample was monitored by means of a photocell. The darkening of the light beam by the flow of the sample triggered a response in the microprocessor. Segmentation is a measure of a heat resistance of the adhesive sample to be segmented (or bond failure). Segmentation is measured according to the procedure outlined in an article entitled "Suggested Procedure for Evaluating the Heat Stress Resistance of Hot Melt Adhesives", published in the inter 1992 edition of The Intitute of Packaging Professionals Journal (pp 7-9). . Slippage is the time in minutes that a sample at a predetermined temperature fails when the sample is hung with a weight of 500 grams. The slip was measured according to the following procedure. The test piece was created in the same manner as for the previous segmentation test method and placed in an oven with a weight of 500 grams at a predetermined temperature for 10 minutes. One end of a strip is hung to a joint piece on the oven and the weight of 500 g is stapled to one end of the second strip in the same configuration as that used for the SAFT test method herein. The temperature was maintained and the average temperature of the fault was recorded. A minimum of five samples were used for this test. The viscosity aged with heat is the measurement of viscosity after placing the sample in a glass container and allowing the sample to stand at 180 ° C for 200 hours or longer as mentioned. This is measured in mPa.s at 180 ° C. The viscosity aged with heat was measured according to the procedure set forth in ASTM D-4499. Other observations, including film formation, gelling and deposition of the adhesive sample, are also made during this test. In addition, the increased viscosity ratio was also determined during this test. The tensile strength is a measure of the resistance in the direction of tension in lbs./pg2 or kg / cirt. The tensile strength is measured according to the procedure set forth in ASTM D-638. Elongation is a measure of how much the sample stretches as a percentage of its original length. The elongation is measured according to the method set forth in ASTM D-638. The point of deformation is a measurement of the break or point of release when the test piece has been stretched. This is measured in psi or kg / cm2 in accordance with ASTM D-638. Cold quartering is a measurement of the temperature at which the sample fractures when pressure is applied to it. The cold cracking is measured according to the following procedure. The test is performed using a test stand that is 3 inches by ¾ inches wide and 4 to 12 inches long. The v-shaped base is created by cutting an angle of 90 degrees squarely from the top edge of the support that is ½ inch deep. The bracket also has an interlocking pressure bar (2½ inches per ¾ of 4 to 12 inches in length) that has a v-shaped edge of 90 ° angle that fits evenly in the base in a v-shape. To perform the test, bubble-free films are created from the sample that are 1 inch by 3 inches with a thickness of 20 to 30 mm. Three films of the sample are then placed on the v-shaped base of a test stand, leaving approximately one inch hanging on each lake, and the test stand is placed in a temperature chamber capable of maintaining a constant temperature with a Initial temperature of 50 ° F for at least one hour. Then the pressure bar is pressed on the bottom v-shaped base, causing the films to bend at the 90 degree angle. Any of the films that are quartered at this temperature are recorded. This procedure is repeated with new film samples at a temperature that is decreased by 5 degrees, and also repeat the increase of 5 degrees until 2 of the 3 films are quartered. The cold cracking temperature is the highest temperature at which 2 of the 3 films are cracked. Example 1 Methods and Materials The following experiment involved 17 different modalities ("samples") of the. present invention, testing several characteristics of each sample. Each sample was comprised of each of the following in varying amounts: ???? (28-450) - a composition of 28% methyl methacrylate and 72% ethylene (MI = 450); ???? (28-150) - a composition of 28% methyl methacrylate and 72% ethylene (MI = 150); PX100- a high melting point wax; and Escoréz 5637- a tackifying resin. Results The results are shown in Table 1 below
(M e | < * O r) Example 2 Methods and Materials The following experiment involved 4 different modalities ("samples") of the present invention, testing several characteristics of each sample. The following components were included in varying amounts in at least some of the samples: EMMA (29.3-400) a composition of 29.3% methyl methacrylate and 70.7% ethylene (MI = 400); EMMA (32.4-426) a composition of 32.4% methyl methacrylate and 67.6% ethylene (MI = 426); EMMA (29-150) - a composition of 29% methyl methacrylate and 71% ethylene (MI = 150); Imarv S-100 - ina of stickiness; Komotac KF454S - ina stickiness; Sasol C-80- wax; Polilets 120SZ- wax; Evernox 76- antioxidant; Irgafos 168 (JP650) antioxidant; Sumitate KF-11 EVA; and Sumitate KC-10 EVA. Results The results are shown in Table 2 below. Table 2 Samples Product Sample Sample Commercial Sample 1 2 3 # 1 Components of the Sample Sumitate KF-11 21 Sumitate KC-10 11 11 EMMA (29.3-400) 21 21 EMMA (32.4-4.26) 21
???? (29-150) 11 11
Imarv S-100 30 30 30 30
Komotac KF454S 16 16 16 16
Sasol C-80 6 6 6 6
Polylets 120SZ 15.4 15.4 15.4 15.4
Evernox 76 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
Irgafos 168 (JP650) 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
Characteristics Viscosity 693 698 713 688
(mPa's / 180 C) SP (0C) 101.4 100.2 99.6 100.7
Open time 8 (13) 9 (13) 9 (14) 7 (12)
(sec / g, 180C) Time of 25- (1) 24 (1) 24 (1) 25- (1) hardening (sec / m, 180C) PAFT (° C) 56 56 57 58
SAFT (° c) 79 80 80 80
Segmentation (° C) 64 66 66 66
Slippage (iain, 19.9 28.9 33.6 25.7
60C, 500 g) Temperature 0.50 -5-50 0-50 0-50 service (° C) Heat Aged Vis 825 713 700 675
(mPa 's / 180C) Heat Aged SP (° C) 102.2 100.8 100.1 101.6 Example 3 Methods and Materials The following experiment involved 6 different modalities ("samples") of the present invention, testing several characteristics of each sample. The following components were included in varying amounts in at least some of the samples: Acryft EMMA (29-150) a composition of 29% methyl methacrylate and 71% ethylene (MI = 150); Acryft EMMA (29.3-400) a composition of 29.3 $ of methyl methacrylate and 70.7% of ethylene (MI = 400) /
Acryft ???? (32.4-426) a composition of 32.4% methyl methacrylate and 67.6% ethylene (I = 426);
NUC-6070 EEA (25-250) an ethylene methyl acrylate composition comprising 25% ethyl acrylate (MI = 250); Sylvares TP-2040- tackifying resin; Sylvares ZT-105L / 501L resin tack; Komotac KF-454S - tackifying resin; Esmax 180F (Micro 180F) Himic-1080 (Micro 180F) Pafaffin Wax 150F- wax; Sasol C-80- wax; RM 6197 co-extrusion coating; and Evernox-10 antioxidant. Results The results are shown in Table 3 below.
OR
Table 3
Samples Sample Sample Sample Sample
Components of the sample Acr ñEMMA (29-150) 16.0 16.0 14.0 14.0 8.0
Acryft EM A (29.3-400) 10.0 Acryft EMMA (32.4-426) 115 22.0 24.0 24.0 32.0
NUC-6070 EEA (25-250) SylvaresTP-2040 5.0 5.0 3.0
SylVares 2T-105L / 501L, 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 omotac F-454S 20.0 20.0 24.0 24.0 20.0
Hunic-1080 (Micaro 180P) 12.0. 12.0 13.0 15.0 12.0
SasolC-80 2.5 2.0 2.0 2.0
RM-6197 2.5 2.5 2.5 25 2.5
Evemox-10 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
or
Samples Prod. Sample Sample Sample Sample Sample Com. # 2 1 2 3 i 5
Viscose characteristics nj a¾ @ i8o Q 1,538 1,688 1,910 1,653 1,603 1,640
SP (° c) 86.9 84.7 86.5 84.1 83.1 85.0 time ftfaierto (sec, g / n, 180C) 20 18 17 19 18 17 ?? ßpf? Hardening (sec, g / m, 190C) 5 4 5 · 5.5 6 5
PAFT (° c) 52 55 65 51 51 51
SAFT (° c) 70 69 67 67 66. 67
Stress Resistance (kg / cmZl 17.0 335 24.8 23.0 22.2
Elongation) 940 606 643 574 627 cuai: tt »dux« in rxio Ce) -6 6 4 4 -6
- "- (p ?? ® 600,500 ¿98.3 98.3 125.6 95.4 62.2 79
Hcat Aged Vis (mPa¾ @ 180 C) 1,750 1,750 1,818 Increased Ratio of Vis (%) 13.8 3.7 -4.8 -100.0 -100.0 -100.0
HeatAgedSP (° c) 85.2 85.2 85.6
Example 4 Methods and Materials The following experiment involved 3 different modalities ("samples") of the present invention, testing several characteristics of each sample. The following components were included in varying amounts in at least some of the samples: Acryft EMMA (32.4-426) a composition of 32.4% methyl methacrylate and 67.6% ethylene (MI = 426); Acryft EMMA (29-150) a composition of 29% methyl methacrylate and 71% ethylene (MI = 150); Acryft EMMA (29.3-400) a composition of 29.3% methyl methacrylate and 70.7% ethylene (MI = 400); HiMic 1080- wax; Sasol C-80-. wax; Komotac KF 454S- tackifying resin; Sylvares ZT 105- sticky resin; Sylvares TP 2040- resin tackiness; Irganox 1010 antioxidant Enable EN 33330- an EnBA copolymer composition of 33% nBA (MI = 330;
Enable EV 33900- an EnBA copolymer composition of 33% nBA (MI = 900); Optema TC140 an EMA copolymer composition of 21.5% MA (MI = 125); and RM 6197 a coextrusion coating. Results The results are shown in Table 4 below. Table 4 Samples Prod. Com. Prod. Cora. Sample Sample # 2 # 2 w / EMMA Acryft EMMA (32.5- 11.5 32 426) Acryft EMMA (29- 16 8 150) Acryft EMMA (29.3- 10 400) HiMic 1080 12 12 11 - 12 C-80 2.25 2.5 5 2
Komotac F 454S 20 20 20 20 Sylvares ZT 105 20 20 15 20 Sylvares P 2040 '5 5 7.5 3
Irganox 1010 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
Enable EN 33330 20 38.5 Enable EN 33900 5 Optema TC140 12.5 RM 6197 2.5 2.5 2.5
Example 5 Methods and Materials The following experiment involved 3 different modalities ("samples") of the present invention, testing several characteristics of each sample. The following components were included in varying amounts in at least some of the samples: Acryft EMMA (32.4-426) a composition of 32.4% methyl methacrylate of 67.6% ethylene (MI = 426); Acryft EMMA (29-150) a methyl methacrylate composition of 29% and 71% ethylene (MI = 150); HiMic 1080- wax; Sasol C-80- wax; Komotac KF 454S- tackifying resin; Sylvares ZT 105- sticky resin; Sylvares TP 2040- tackifying resin; Irganox 1010 antioxidant Enable EN 33330- an EnBA copolymer composition of 33% nBA (MI = 330); Enable EN 33900- a composition of copolymer E BA of 33 $ of nBA (MI = 900); Optema TC140 an EMA copolymer composition of 21.5% MA (MI = 125); and RM 6197 coextrusion coating. Results The results are shown in Table 5 below. Table 5 Samples Prod. Comm. Sample Sample # 1 1 2
Sample Components HiMic 1080 12 12 12
C-80 2.5 2 2
Komotac KF 454S 20 20 20
Sylvares ZT 105 20 5 3
Sylvares TP 2040 5 0.5 0.5
Irganox 1010 0.5 Enable EN 33330 20 Enable EN 33900 5 Optema TC140 12.5 Acryft EMMA 32.5-426 22 32
Acryft EMMA 29-150 16 8 Characteristics Viscosity @ 350 1840 1830 1780
PAFT (° F) 131 137.8 133.4
SAFT (° F) 161 158.5 156
Tension 340 571 297
Elongation 500 488 491
Deformation Point 300 475 292
Cold Cutting (° F) 30 45 35 Example 6 Methods and Materials The following experiment involved 5 different modalities ("samples") of the present invention, testing several characteristics of each sample. The samples were comprised of components as set forth in Table 6 below. Table 6 Samples Sample Sample Sample Sample
Components Escorez 30 32.8 5637 TP2040 32.8 ristalex 24 23 3100 5023 10 10 5021 40 28.9 '28.9 26 28.5
Para.155 31 30.5
PX-100 30 28.3 28.3 E-100 19 18 Results The results for each sample were compared with the results for similar commercial products. The results are shown in Table 7 below. Table 7 Test Results Viscosity @ PAFT (° F) SAFT (° F) 350 ° F (CP) Adhesive Sample 1 955 130 95
Sample 2 1150 145 196
Sample 3 1212 141 193
Prod. Com. # 3 785 160 195
Prod. Com. # 4 1000 130 145
Prod. Com. # 5 1000 140 198
Fiber Scratch% -20 ° F 0 ° F 40 ° F RT 120 ° F 130 ° F 140 ° F
Sample 1 68 92 98 99 100 95 33 Sample 2 86 85 93 95 100 100 48
Sample 3 81 82 96 92 100 59 25
Prod. Com. # 3 11 32 83 82 100 98 81
Prod. Com. # 4 '68 92 100 86 100 40 11
Prod. Com. # 5 0 0 14 64 100 18 4 Analysis With respect to the standard temperature range products, samples 8040-24-1 and 8040-24-2 both provide better performance than HL-7268. 8040-24-2 compares favorably with HL-9256, which has a wider temperature range than HL-9256 because it has much better tack at -20 ° F and 0 ° F, only declining compared to HL- 9256 to 140 ° F. Sample 8040-24-3 compares favorably with HM-2835-Y throughout the test.