MXPA06001318A - Well perforating gun related application information - Google Patents

Abstract

A perforating device having a longitudinal axis and comprising a loading tube having an explosive charge;a first layer slidably, non-fixedly, and removably disposed over the loading tube;and an outer layer in fixed engagement over the first layer, the first and outer layers forming a gun wall. In one embodiment, additional layers may be disposed between the inner and outer layers. In another embodiment, recesses or scallops are machined the outer layer and/or can be machined into the inner or additional layers. The machined recesses are disposed such that the explosive charge penetrates the gun wall at the machined recesses. A method of making the perforating device also is disclosed. The perforating device preferably can be used in oil and gas wells to fracture surrounding strata.

Description

SK, TR), OAPI (BF, BJ, CF.CG, Cl, CM, GA, GN, GQ, For codes of operations and other abbreviations consult GW. ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG ) / as mtas »Guides on c ^ / gos and Abbreviations" that appear Published: a / start of the PCI Gazette. - with an international search report - to amend the claims before the expiration of the time limit and before re-publication in case of receiving said amendments WELL DRILL GUN INFORMATION ON RELATED APPLICATIONS The present application claims the priority benefit of the US Patent Application Serial No. 10 / 611,188, filed on July 1, 2003, in the United States Patent and Trademark Office, the Patent Application American Series No. 10 / 610,740 filed July 1, 2003 in the United States Patent and Trademark Office and US Patent Application Series No. 10 / 612,207 filed July 1, 2003 in the Patent Office and Trademarks of the United States of America. Field of the Invention Well completion techniques generally require drilling of the soil formation surrounding the borehole to facilitate the flow of interstitial fluid (including gases) into the bore, so that fluid can be collected. In perforations constructed with a cover, such as steel, the cover must also be perforated. Drilling of the roof and underground structures can be achieved using high explosive charges. The explosion must be done in a controlled manner to produce the desired drilling, without the destruction or collapse of the well bore.

Background of the Invention Hydrocarbon production wells are generally coated with a steel casing. The well, often covered with a length of thousands of feet, penetrates the variable strata of underground geological formations. Only a few of the strata can contain the hydrocarbon fluids. Well termination techniques require the placement of explosive charges within a specified portion of the strata. The load should perforate the roof wall and fracture the underground formation sufficiently to facilitate flow of the hydrocarbon fluid into the well, as shown in Figure 1. However, the loading of explosives should not collapse or cause the wall of the well cover to extend into strata that do not contain hydrocarbons that are to be drilled. Those experts in the industry will appreciate that unwanted salt water is often contained in the geological strata adjacent to the hydrocarbon production zone, therefore, the penetration of the cover requires accuracy and precision. The explosive charges are transported to the intended region of the well, such as an underground stratum containing hydrocarbons, by multi-component drill gun systems (referred to hereinafter as a "pistol system"). "or" gun string "). The pistol string is generally transported through the perforation of the covered well by means of a spiral pipe, a line of cable or other devices, depending on the application and the recommendations of the service company. Although the following description of the present invention will be described in terms of existing oil and gas well production technology, it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to those applications. Generally, the main component of the gun string is the component of the "gun-carrying" tube (referred to in the present description sometimes as the "gun") which houses multiple-shaped explosive charges contained in a lightweight pre-cut "load tubes" inside the gun. The load tubes provide an axial circumferential orientation of the loads inside the gun (and hence, inside the well drilling). The tubes allow the service company to preload the loads in the correct geometrical configuration, connect the detonation harness cord to the loads and assemble other necessary equipment. Then the assembly is inserted into the gun as shown in Figure 2. Once the assembly is complete other seal connection parts are attached to the gun and the gun string is not lowered into the borehole of the gun. well for a selected transportation method. The gun is lowered to the correct position under the well inside the production area and the loads are extended producing a high energy jet of explosives of very short duration, as indicated in figure 3. This jet of explosives perforates the pistol and the well cover while fracturing and penetrating the production layers off the deck. After the detonation, the equipment of the expanded gun string is removed from the well and released remotely so that it falls to the bottom of the well. Then the oil or gas (hydrocarbon fl uids) enter the deck through the perforations. It will be appreciated that the size and configuration of the explosive charge, and therefore, the equipment of the gun string can vary with the size and composition of the stratum, as well as the thickness and internal diameter of the well casing. Currently, a hot-rolled or cold-rolled pipe is used for the gun carrying component and the explosive charges are contained in the lightweight inner pre-cut loading tube. The gun is generally constructed of a high-strength metal alloy. The gun is produced by machining the connection profiles of the inner circumference of each end of the guns and the "breaks" or recesses which are cut along the exterior surface of the gun to allow the extensions Highlights ("washers") created by the explosive discharge through the gun remain near or below the general diameter of the gun. This method reduces the opportunity for the washers to receive the extraction or fall of the detonated gun. High-strength materials are used to build guns because they must withstand the high energy generated at the time of detonation. A gun should allow the explosions to penetrate the gun body, but not allow the pipe to split or otherwise lose its original shape with extreme distortion, since extreme distortion of the gun may cause it to become damaged. Attach inside the cover. To minimize this problem, high strength alloys and relatively heavy tube wall thicknesses have been used. Pistols are usually used only once. The gun, the charging tube and other associated equipment are destroyed by the explosive charge. Although they are effective, pistols are relatively expensive. Most of the manufacturing expense included in the guns is the cost of the material. These expenses can be considered as much as 60% or more of the total cost of the gun. The well drilling service industry has continually foreseen a method or material to reduce the cost while also seeking to minimize the possibility of misdirected explosive discharges or the jamming of the spent pistol inside the well. Although the need to ensure the integrity of the pistol is quite large, efforts have been made to use lower cost steel alloys through heat treatment, mechanical work or increasing wall thickness with strength materials. lower, but less expensive. Unfortunately these efforts have only had limited success. Currently, all gun manufacturers are using some variation of heavy-duty heavy wall metal tubes. Brief Description of the Drawings The attached drawings, which are incorporated and constitute a part of the present disclosure, illustrate the preferred embodiments of the present invention. These drawings, in conjunction with the above general description of the present invention and the detailed description of the following preferred embodiments, serve to explain the principles of the present invention. Figure 1 illustrates the effect of an explosive discharge of a well drilling gun of the present invention placed in a borehole of a well, penetrating the explosive discharge through the well cover and into the geological formation surrounding it; Figure 1A is a cross-sectional view of a well drilling gun of the present invention having two layers; Figure 1B is a side view of the first layer of the well-drilling gun of the present invention with breaks placed therethrough; Figure 2 is a side view of an embodiment of a well drilling gun of the present invention placed in the borehole of a well showing the relationship between the loading tube, the wall of the gun, the charges and the cable of detonation. Figure 2A is a top view of a well drilling gun of the present invention, taken along line 2A-2A shown in Figure 2; Figure 3 is a side view illustrating the effect of a jet of high-energy explosive gas that is produced when the charge is detonated. Figure 4 illustrates an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the perforation gun comprises a sequence of materials designed in layers; Figure 5 illustrates an embodiment of a well drilling gun of the present invention, showing the use of the perforated tube, thereby eliminating the machining of the breaks; Figure 6 illustrates a side cross-sectional view of the construction of the layered wall of the well-punching gun of the present invention, taken along the line V1-1-V1-1 of Figure 5; Figure 5 illustrates one embodiment of the present invention, which shows a multi-layer gun wall formed by winding one or more layers around an inner layer; FIGS. 8 and 8A illustrate a detailed embodiment of the present invention, which employs the energy absorption zones between the layers of the gun wall according to the present invention; Figure 9 illustrates one embodiment of the present invention using a wire of the layer wound around the innermost layer according to the present invention; Figure 10 is a side view of the present invention with the configuration of the breaks and the wall of the multi-layer gun; The figures from 10A to 10F illustrate various designs of cutting recesses in the layers of the gun wall; Figure 1 1 shows sections in separate sections of the wall of the gun of the present invention having the configuration of the breaks of a complex side wall design; Figure 12 illustrates a machined rest of the prior art having a constant diameter; and Figures 13A and 13B are side views of a wall of a gun of the present invention illustrating a welded seam connecting the components to the multiple layers of the gun wall that requires less machining. The above general description and the following detailed description are only illustrative of the subject matter of the present invention, the additional embodiments and the advantages. The particular benefits of the present invention will be readily suggested to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Detailed Description of the Invention The present invention described herein provides an improved well drilling gun, a method for manufacturing the well drilling gun and a method for using the well drilling gun. The invention described herein incorporates novel engineering criteria in the design and manufacture of well drilling guns. The criterion addresses multiple requirements. First, the ability of the gun material (steel or other metal) to withstand the high shocks that are received from very short periods of time ("resistance to impact") created by the simultaneous detonation of multiple explosive charges (" pulse of explosive energy "or" pulse ") that is more important than the final strength of the gun material. This impact resistance can be measured and is usually associated with steels with a low carbon content of 200 and / or higher levels of other elements of the alloy, such as chromium and nickel. Second, the shock of the explosion transfers its energy immediately to the outer surface of the tubing. Any imperfections, including breaks, will act as stress lifters and may initiate breakage and failure. In one embodiment, the ability of the gun to receive the shock of the gun explosion by enabling the gun wall to transfer its energy immediately to the outer surface of the tubing has been improved quickly and smoothly. In another embodiment, the overall resistance of the gun is improved. Figure 1 illustrates the basic operation of drilling the deck in which the well drilling gun and its method of manufacture are used, as described in this specification. A gun 200 having a longitudinal axis 1 1 5 is suspended within the borehole of a well 1 1 0, by a spiral tube or a wire line device. The loads (not shown) contained within the gun are oriented 90 ° around the circumference of the gun. A jet of explosive gas 450 produced by the detonation of the charge penetrates the wall of the gun 21 0 and the cover of the well 1 00 creating fractures 930 in the adjacent strata 950. The penetration of the wall of the gun 210 is intended to occur in machined recesses 220 placed on the wall of the gun. The recesses are made with a selected pattern around the circumference of the gun wall. Referring now to Figure 1A, gun 200 is shown which comprises a first layer 1 002 and an outer layer 1 006 and a loading tube 1 000 inserted within the first layer 1 002. The charges 251, 251 a, 251 b and 251 c are contained within the gun and are oriented at 90 ° intervals around the circumference of the gun. The loads 251, 251 a, 251 b and 251 c are placed in the loading tube 1 000 in a helical adaptation. In an alternative embodiment, the outer layer is fixed to the first layer using an interference fit. It is also contemplated that the wall of the gun of the present invention may have at least one third layer placed between the first layer and the outer layer and may be composed of multiple layers, as will be explained below. Furthermore, it should be noted that the outer layer and the first layer can be welded together or they can be adhered together by means, such as the use of a linker or a laminating agent placed between the layers. The penetration of the gun wall is intended to occur in the machined recesses, termed "breaks" in the outer layer 1006 of the gun wall 21 0. As illustrated in FIG. 1B, the breaks are illustrated as the elements 220, 220 a, 220 b, 220 c and 220 d. The breaks are placed in the solid structure of the outer layer in a defined pattern. In the most preferred embodiment, the orientation of the outer layer is parallel to the long axis of the gun. The breaks are manufactured in a selected pattern around the circumference of the gun in at least the outer layer. In a preferred embodiment, the outer layer of the gun 1006 is a solid surface with the rests placed thereon. The preferred breaks are perforations. In a preferred embodiment, the density of the breaks is at least one rest per foot and up to twenty one breaks per foot placed in the solid structure. And each break has a diameter between approximately 0.635 cm (one quarter of an inch (0.25")) and 3.81 cm (one and one half inches (1.5)). It is desirable to use various adaptations or orientations of the loads ("shots") in the loading tube and to vary the numbers of charges within a certain area ("shot density"). This allows the variation in the effect and the di rectionality of the explosive charges. In Fig. 1 B, the orientation of the explosive charges or "shots" are shown arranged in a typical helical orientation, such as the loads 251, 251 a, 251 b and 251 c around the wall of the gun. However, it should be understood that the orientation of the loads may vary, for example, the loads may be oriented in straight lines parallel to the longitudinal axis 1 1 5 of the gun. Pistols are usually produced in increments of five feet, with the most common pistol being approximately 6,096 m (20 feet). These guns can be held and fired with as many as 21 loads per 0.3048 m (1 foot) gun length. Drilling works may require multiple combinations of 6,096 m (20 ft) sections, which are connected end-to-end by threaded screw connectors. The present invention contemplates that at least two novel pistols can be connected together, such as by seals, threaded connections or devices for securing similar apparatuses. Figures 2 and 2A illustrate the basic components of the gun 200, and the relationship between the gun wall 210, the charging tube 1000, the charges 251 and the knock cable 421. The longitudinal axis 1 1 5 of the guns parallel to the axis of the bore, FIG. 2A is a sectional view of the gun 200 taken along the line 2A-2A. The loading tube and the charge are located within the ring 21 5 of the wall of the gun 21 0. A recess or rest 220 machined within the outer layer of the gun wall at specified locations is also shown to be immediately adjacent to each explosive charge. The charge 251 generally includes the explosive charge 41 0, the shape of the charge body 324, a first vent 325 and a retention cone 326. Of course, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the different conditions of the wells, covers, strata and the like, may create the need to vary the configurations and properties of the load tubes, loads, and mounting equipment. The jet of high-energy explosive gas 450 that is produced when a charge is detonated is illustrated in Figure 1 and Figure 3. The duration of the explosive event is only an extremely small fraction of a second and can be considered to be a pulse of the explosive that occurs in the detonation. During the course of violent and explosive energy, the cargo cover, cargo tubes and other components of the gun are subjected to an immediate non-uniform change in pressure and temperature. The detonation cable 421 ignites the explosive 41 0 in the main vent 325 within a formed charge body that is not 324 combustion. The entire explosive within the charge extends almost instantaneously. The ignition within the formed charge is focused to an explosive jet 450 of a hot gas that rapidly expands in the outward direction 452 and towards the wall of the gun 210. Because the wall of the gun next to the explosive jet of short duration or the pulse of energy contains a recess or machined rest 220, has decreased the thickness in relation to the wall of the gun that is not staggered. The explosive jet 450 pierces through the wall of the gun the machined rest and continues through a narrow space between the wall of the gun 21 0, and the cover of the well 100. The energy of the explosive jet 450 also perforates the cover of well 1 00. The energy of the jet creates one or more shock waves 455 that create fracture 930 in the geological formation. It should be appreciated that the amount of energy required to penetrate the gun body is reduced by the thickness provided by the breaks. The present invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a well-drilling gun for use in natural gas and oil wells comprising the steps of: (1) obtaining a length of a first tube; (2) machining one or more breaks in the first tube to form an outer layer; (3) place the outer layer in a fastener; (4) Cutting a second tube to an approximate length of the outer layer; (5) Pulling the inside of the outer layer to form a laminated structure having a first end and a second end; and (6) inserting the loading tube into the laminated structure. The length of the first tube is preferably between about 0.3048 m (1 foot) and about 12. 1 92 m (40 feet). The length of the second tube preferably also lies between approximately 0.3048 m (1 foot) and approximately 12.1 92 m (40 feet). Preferably, each of the first and second tubes has an outside diameter in a range between approximately 3.81 cm (1.5 inches) and approximately 1.7 inches (7 inches), the most suitable metal for use with the outer layer of the first The layer can have a tensile strength between 36 ksi and 400 ksi. Suitable metals include, for example, a chromium alloy, a nickel alloy, a steel alloy and combinations thereof. The first and outer layers may be composed of the same or different materials. For example, in a variation of the present invention, the inner layer may be composed of a high strength material (such as, the high strength alloy metals currently used for the guns) and the outer tube may be composed of mild steel The machining of the breaks or recesses in the outer layer of the present invention can be performed either by a laser, a drill or a milling machine. Preferred breaks are machined (cut) within the outer layer in a density of at least one foot rest to approximately 21 foot rests, and each rest has a diameter between approximately 0.635 cm (one quarter of an inch (0.25 cm)). ")) and 3.81 cm (one and a half pu lgada (1 .5")). The pulling of the second tube inside the first tube is done using a chain mechanism and reduced gear propulsion. At the time of pulling both tubes together, the method of the present invention contemplates the use of a fastener which is a heavy wall tube that is at least 0.020 in diameter larger than the diameter of the first tube. A further step comprises the formation of thread protectors in a lathe prior to insertion into the first and second ends of the laminated structure. Another additional step includes machining the internal structures in the laminated structure as will be explained below. In the design criteria specified by the present invention they can be used to create an alternative construction of the gun tube that eliminates many of the problems and costs of the heavy wall tubing that is currently used. Although it should be understood that multiple modalities of the selection of new materials and construction are within the scope of the present invention, attention should first be paid to the design and manufacture of the tubing of the gun using multiple layers of the material. This method includes manufacturing by means of layering or lam ination of the materials around a radius comprising the longitudinal axis of the gun tube. Therefore, in one embodiment of the present invention, a further step comprises cutting one or more additional tubes to an approximate length of the outer layer and pulling the additional tube into the laminated structure to form a wall of the gun. of multiple layers. For example, if a third layer is used, it can be located between the first layer and the outer layer, or it can be a perforated sheet comprising a plurality of perforations, wherein the perforations comprise a diameter between approximately 0.0508 cm (0.020 inches) and approximately 2.54 cm (1.0 inch), and a density of approximately 1 to 700 perforations per inch. In an alternative embodiment, it is contemplated that the third layer is a solid sheet. Still in another embodiment, it is contemplated that the gun may have a four-layer construction, wherein the fourth layer is placed between the third layer and the outer layer. It is contemplated that the fourth layer is from a solid material, alternatively, the fourth layer may be an energy absorbing layer placed between any two layers of the gun wall. It is contemplated that the energy absorbing layer is a perforated sheet or it may be a solid sheet. If it is a solid sheet, it is contemplated that it may comprise copper, magnesium, lead, aluminum and alloys thereof and a non-metallic substance, such as a ceramic, paper, cardboard or a pressure laminated composite. If a perforated sheet is used as in the energy absorbing layer, it is contemplated that it may comprise lead, magnesium, copper, steel, stainless steel, aluminum and alloys thereof. The density per inch for the perforated sheet is contemplated to be between approximately 1 perforation per square inch, and approximately 700 perforations per square inch where the diameter of the perforations lies in a range between 0.0508 cm (0.020 inches) and 2.54. cm (1 inch). Referring now to Fig. 4, the construction of the wall of a gun 21 0 comprising four layers of materials or tubes is illustrated. The orientation of each layer is parallel or at a constant radius to the longitudinal axis 1 1 5 of the gun 200 in the well borehole (not shown). Each layer 210A, 210B, 210C and 210D has a thickness 231A, 231B, 231C and 231D respectively, and an outer surface 218A, 218B, 218C and 218D, respectively. The thickness of each layer can be varied. The diameter of the ring 215 formed inside the lower tube can also be varied. The outer surface of each respective layer can be varied in construction to facilitate the link and delay the demolition. Such designs can facilitate the strength characteristics of the gun wall in alternate directions, such as longitudinal or transverse direction. It is known that multi-layer constructions can have numerous advantages over constructions of conventional monolithic material. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention does not limit the number of layers, the composition of individual layers, or the manner in which the layers are assembled and constructed. In addition, the present invention is not limited to the use of a linker or a rolling agent between the layers of material. It should be appreciated that the lamination of the multiple layers of the same material or different materials can be used to improve the operation on a single layer of material without increasing the thickness. The use of fibrous material, such as high-strength carbon, graphite, silica-based fibers and coated fibers, are included within the scope of the present invention. Although some embodiments may use one or more linking elements between one or more layers of the material, the present invention is not limited to the use of such linkers. Laminated wood is an example of the improvement of material properties by means of layered wood to produce a material that is superior to a solid wood board of equal thickness. The applications of multilayer lamination can be subdivided into primary and complex designs. Next, further embodiments of the present invention will be described. Referring now to Fig. 5, in one embodiment, the construction of the gun wall is the primary design "tu bo inside a tube" having a longitudinal axis 1 15. The outer layer 210D is in the form of a cylinder or tube in which the perforations 230A and 230B have been cut through the thickness 231 D of the outer surface of the layer 21 0D. The diameter of the outer cylinder 21 0D is approximately equal to the outer diameter of the following inner diameter 21 0D. In the embodiment illustrated in figure 5, there are no perforation cuts through the outer wall of the following outer cylinder 21 0C. In the combined cylinder comprising the "tube within a tube" of layers 210 D and 21 0C has the approximate physical form of a single wall of the prior art, having recesses or marginalized breaks within the outer surface of the wall . Preferably, the perforations 230A and 230B are cut through the outer cylinder wall 21D before assembling the two cylinders 210C and 21D in the tube inside a tube, thereby eliminating the need for machining. It will be appreciated that the resulting recess 225 formed by the perforations 230A and 230B can be compared with the recess or rest 220 machined in the wall of the gun 210 of the previous figures. Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view through the perforation 230A taken along the line V1-1 -V1, and shows a portion of the inner wall of the cylinder 210C and its relation with the outer wall 210D and the ring 215 The thickness 231 D of the outer wall of the cylinder 210D forms the side wall 228 of the recess 225 and the outer surface 218C of the next inner cylinder 210C forms the bottom wall 229. It should be noted that the illustration does not illustrate the radial curvature of each layer . The diameter 288 of the perforation 230 can be varied. The shaft 1 19 of the resulting perforation 230A may be orthogonal to the longitudinal axis 1 15. Figure 6 also illustrates the ability to perform machining or other fabrication in the individual layers prior to the assembly of a complete unit. For example, the machining of the connecting structures can be done in the inner layers individually before being inserted or pulled into the larger outer layers. These structural components can be machined threads, stamp perforations, etc. Figure 6 also illustrates the components of a machined connection end 591 and 592 in the innermost layer of the multilayer tube construction. As explained above, it is not necessary for the interface 212 (as shown in FIG. 6) of the surface of the inner and outer layers to be mechanically bonded or otherwise bonded. An advantage of this design is its simplicity and ease of manufacture. Each one of the layers can have different chemical and mechanical characteristics, depending on the operating needs of the drilling work. Alternatively, each layer can be made of the same material. In another variation, each of the layers may be made of the same material but oriented differently to achieve the desired properties (similar to the formation of mutually orthogonal laminated wood layers). In yet another embodiment of this design, additional variation can be implemented by compensating a seam of each layer in the manufacturing process by rolling the flat material forming the layer into a tubular shape.

Figure 7 illustrates an embodiment of the present invention, in which the gun has four layers of material (21 0 D, 210 C, 210 B and 210 A). However, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to only four layers. The multi-layer design could consist of manufacturing "tube inside a tube", or wrapping the material around the outer layer of an inner tube while maintaining a relatively uniform radius around the central axis 1 1 5. The inner layer or tube defines the area of the ring of the tube 21 5. Each of the layers can be in one piece or rolled. It can be easily appreciated that the material of the layer formation can be wound in various orientations 285 and 286 to provide improved strength. With reference now to Figure 7, the layers 21 0C and 21 0B are shown in a helically wound orientation 285, in a radius about the longitudinal axis 1 15. The next inner layer 210A is shown in the form of a tube roll that has a seam parallel to the longitudinal axis. It can also be appreciated that the roll could include braiding, or a woven construction of similar material. Figure 7 also illustrates that any given layer 210C and 210B could consist of a "tape" material wound around an inner tube or layer 21 0A. the innermost layer 21 0A can also be formed around a removable mandrel (not shown). Rolling designs and manufacturing techniques allow much larger numbers of metals and non-metallic materials to be used as lamination layers, thus achieving cost savings and reducing production and manufacturing times. Improved protection against breakage can be achieved without increasing weight or cost. The lami nations may consist of other metals or non-metal materials to obtain the desired characteristics. For example, aluminum is a good energy absorber, such as magnesium or lead. The present invention does not limit the selections of the material for the lamination layers or the manufacturing method in obtaining a layer. Instead, it specifies that the layers exist and provides advantages over the designs of a single wall and monolithic guns. Also illustrated in Figure 7 are one or more layers 21 0 D and 21 0 C containing the perforations 230 D and 230 C, respectively, each of the perforations having cut diameters before assembly. The perforation 230D has a cut inside the outer tube 21 0D having a diameter 288. The axis of the perforations can be orthogonal to the longitudinal axis 1 1 5 of the wall of the gun. The thickness of the tube layer 231 D and 231 C forms the wall of the recess 225 and the outer surface 218B of the next underlying layer 21 0B forms the bottom of the recess. The architecture of the resulting recess is comparable, but more advantageous than the machined rest of the prior art. Figure 8 illustrates the manner in which a perforated or non-continuous material can produce a lamination layer, although gaps may exist within this layer. The layer could consist of continuous sheets with regular perforations, woven wire sheets, bonded composites, etc. An energy absorbing layer 21 0C contains numerous perforations 226 each having a small diameter 289. Figure 8 also shows a recess 225 in the wall of the gun 21 0 manufactured from the cutting of a perforation 230 D of the selected layer 21 0D before assembling the combined tubes. The outer surface 218C forms the bottom of the recess precut 230D. In a preferred embodiment, not shown, the voids may contain material that contributes to the resistance of the material at temperatures and ambient pressure, but is easily vaporized by the high temperature of the explosion and the high-pressure energy course., thus providing a minimum energy impedance close to the explosive charge, the recess and the well cover, but a maximum shock absorption in other portions of the gun, which are not immediately subjected to jets of explosive gas high tem perature directed. Referring now to Figure 8A, the energy absorbing layer 21 0C, may have mechanical properties that allow the inner layers 21 0B and 21 0A to expand in the volume occupied by the absorption layer in response to the high impact of the trip. out of the course of the explosive energy that occurs at the time of the detonation of the charge. This mechanical action will consume the energy that could otherwise contribute to a catastrophic failure of the outer layer 21 0D. As explained above, such failure can hinder the intended drilling of the well cover and the geological formation surrounding it (not shown), or hinder the removal of the gun from the well. These improvements in mechanical property allow for higher strength, thicker wall drilling guns with high impact resistance and energy absorption. In addition to the specific energy absorbing layer shown in Figures 8 and 8A, it should be appreciated that each layer could provide strength or other properties specifically selected by the design engineer to meet the conditions of an individual well drilling. Therefore, the present invention allows the thickness in the composition of the wall to be converted into variable designs, without the need for machining operations or large amounts of material. Figure 9 illustrates a modality using a helical winding fiber or wire 397 and 398 around the inner layer 21 0A. The wrap can also be made using a mandrel that can be removed. The enveloped layers 21 0B and 21 0C can be combined with layers of bos or cylindrical 21 0A and 21 0D. The layers of the tube may incorporate a previously cut perforation 230 in the outer layer 210 D. The winding can be done before placing the next outer layer. The fiber or wire can be of high strength and a high modulus material. This material can provide resistance against explosive pulse. The diameter of the fiber or wire and / or the thickness of the envelope may vary for specific job requirements. The geometry of the winding (or braid) can vary, particularly with respect to the orientation towards the longitudinal axis 1 15. The winding step of the wire is made by winding the wire in a first layer at an angle which is between 0 and 60 degrees of the horizontal axis of the second length of the tube. In another embodiment, the wrapping step of the wire is performed by winding the wire in a second layer over the first layer and an angle which is between 0 and 60 degrees of the angle in which the first layer was wound. The wire wrap can be repeated up to 8 layers where each layer is at an angle between 0 and 60 degrees from the angle of the previous layer. As described above, the present invention specifically includes a mode of a piercing apparatus, such as a gun, which has a longitudinal axis and a horizontal axis and a charging tube that has an explosive charge; a first sliding layer, placed in a non-removable fixed manner on the loading tube; and at least one outer wire layer wound on the first layer, and wherein said outer layer is wire. In this embodiment, the wire is wound around the first layer at an angle between 1 degree and 60 degrees from the horizontal axis of the drilling apparatus where the wire is wound so that the adjacent wire is in a parallel relationship. Alternatively, the outer wire layer may be a wire material, such as a wire cloth that is contemplated such as the wire forms in a mesh with a mesh size between 4 wires per inch and 150 wires per inch, and a diameter of wire 0.0381 cm (0.01 5 inches) and 2.7635 (1 .088 inches). Preferably, the wire is a metal. An epoxy bonding agent or laminating agent can be placed between the wire and the first layer and / or between the wire layers. Alternatively, the wire can be welded to the first layer. A third layer can be placed between the first layer and the outer wire layer. This third layer may be a perforated sheet comprising a plurality of perforations, wherein the perforations comprise a diameter between 0.0508 cm (0.020 inches) and 2.54 cm (1 inch), and a density of about one perforation per inch to 700 perforations per inch. Alternatively, the third layer may be a solid sheet. A fourth layer can be placed between the third layer and the outer layer. The fourth layer can be a solid material. An energy absorbing layer can be placed between the wire and the first layer. This energy absorbing layer can be a perforated sheet made of steel, stainless steel, aluminum, steel alloys, stainless steel alloys, aluminum alloys and combinations thereof. A preferred density per inch for perforated sheet is between 1 perforation per square inch and 700 perforations per square inch where the diameter of the perforations lies between a range of 0.0508 cm (0.020 pu lgadas) and 2.54 cm (1 inch) ). In this embodiment, the first layer can be a metal with a tensile strength between 36 ksi and 400 ksi, such as a chromium alloy, a nickel alloy, a steel alloy and combinations thereof. In yet another embodiment, the first layer and the outer wire layer can be of the same material. In yet another embodiment, the outer diameter of the wire layer is between 0.0381 cm (0.01 5 inches) and 2.7635 cm (0.1 88 inches). Figure 10 illustrates a complex gun 200 formed of multiple layers or tubes radially aligned about a longitudinal axis 1 1 5. The wall of the gun 21 0 of the gun forms a housing around a ring 21 5. The loads of explosives, the detonator cable and the carrier tube may be placed within this ring 21 5. The recess 225 is formed in the manner described above. The central axis 1 1 9 of the recess 225 has an orientation 91 0 orthogonal to the central axis 1 1 5 of the gun. Figure 1A illustrates one embodiment of the present invention, wherein the three outer layers 210 D, 210C and 21 0B of the wall of the gun 210 contain cut-outs of perforations before assembling the tubes in a single layer. Although the diameter 288D, 288C and 288B of each perforation is different, the central axis 1 19 of the combined perforations 230 is aligned. The inner layer 210A is not cut and the outer surface 218A of the inner layer forms the bottom 229 of the recessing recess 225. The thickness of each precut layer creates a stepped wall 228 of the recess. Figure 10B illustrates a modality wherein the inner tube layer 210A is cut before assembly, a following outer layer 210B is not cut at the location, but the next outermost layers 210C and 210D are cut and the central axis 119 of the perforations of the previous cuts are aligned. This architecture achieves an interior recess 226 within the wall of the gun 210 aligned with an outer recess 225. This architecture or structure can be easily achieved by the present invention. This structure can not be achieved in a practical way by the previous technology. Figure 10C illustrates an embodiment that can be easily achieved by the present invention, but that is not practical according to the previous technology. It will be appreciated that the shape of the inner recess 226 can be varied in the same manner that external recesses can be formed. Accordingly, the diameter of the recess may vary within the interior of the wall of the gun 210. Figure 10D illustrates a structure that had not been possible prior to the present invention. The wall of the gun 210 contains an internal recess or cavity 235. The radial axis 119 of the cavity can be aligned with an explosive charge. At the time of assembly, the cavity can be filled with a eutectic material or other material selected to provide resistance at ambient conditions, but dispersed, vaporized or otherwise degraded with the rapid pulse of explosive energy. Figure 10B illustrates a combination of interior recess 236 with an internal cavity 235. The diameter of the anterior recess 288A and the diameter of the internal cavity 288C may vary as selected by the designer of the gun. Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the dimensions of each precut perforation can be specified. This capability can achieve recesses within multiple layers that, when assembled in a composite gun, the recess walls can possess a desired geometry that can improve the efficiency of the explosive charge or otherwise impact the directionality of the load. In addition, it will be appreciated that internal recesses can be filled with materials that, when subjected to high temperature, rapidly evaporate and go through a chemical reaction improving or contributing to the original pulse of energy. Fig. 1F uses a detail of a complex recess 225 comprising pre-cut perforations of variable diameters and aligned in relation to the same radial axis 1 1 9. It will be appreciated that the illustrated recess may comprise part of a cavity wall. internal (similar to that illustrated in Figure 1 0D) or a recess in the inner wall of the gun (similar to that illustrated in Figure 1 0C). It will be appreciated that the recess illustrated in Figure 10F contains stepped walls 228, 231 B, 231 C, and 231 D having increasing diameters outwardly along the axis 1 1 9. The exterior wall of the gun comprises the surface 231 D of the outer layer. The bottom of the recess is formed by the outer surface 21 8A of the inner layer 21 0A. Figure 11 illustrates the pre-cut perforations forming recesses 225 in the outer layer 21D of the wall of the multi-layer gun (shown here as layers 21D and 210C), the recesses having complex outer wall shapes. defined alternatives to the previously cut perforations of circular shape illustrated in the previous figures. The thickness of the layer 231 D and the surface 218 D and 21 8C, as well as the ring 215 and the longitudinal axis 1 1 5 are also shown. The actual design of the shape of the recesses is unlimited, since the design already It is not restricted by conventional machining methods. Any combination between the layers (such as the example shown in Figures 10A to 10F) and any shape (such as the example shown in Figure 11) can be easily produced by laser cutting, tube assembly or lamination of layers and any wrapping of required material. Due to the orientation of the recess wall, a further advantage of the present invention are fewer "off-center" firing problems and better load performance since the recess of the outer tube 225 can achieve an underlying wall thickness constant 21 0D regardless of the exit point of the explosive jet. In comparison, Figure 12 illustrates the rest 220X machined with the prior art having a constant diameter 288X. The bottom of rest 229X is flat and of a thickness that is not uniform. It will be appreciated, that if the explosive pulse of the detonated charge is not oriented perpendicular to the outer wall of the gun, the pulse of the brief explosive jet, you will find a wall of the gun that is not uniform, thus creating an interruption or your rbulence in the flow with the dissipation resulting from the energy. The subject matter of the invention of this description is to provide a uniform thickness of the wall, thereby minimizing the dissipation of energy.

Unlike the prior art technology of rest machining in solid monolithic tube walls, the radial orientation of the recess side wall formed by the present invention can be maintained constant at a point on the longitudinal axis. Referring now to FIGS. 1A to 10F and FIG. 12A, the constant angle 289 and 289 of the recess side wall 228 and 228C is oriented to the centerline 1 1 9 achieved by the present invention. Cutting the perforations results in the removal of an arc segment 289D and 289C from the circumference of the layer or tube wall 21 0D and 21 0C. The angle can vary by the length of the arc segment 289D and 289C cut in relation to the diameter of the tube layer (or the radial distance from the central axis of the gun). Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the angle can facilitate the accuracy or efficiency of the explosive charge. This angle can minimize the interference or interruption of the jet of explosive gas 251 through the gun to the cover and the strata. The prior art rests generally have a fixed orientation to the central axis 119 of the rest. However, this fixed dimension creates a non-uniform orientation to the central axis of the gun or the explosive charge placed within the ring 215 and close to the central axis. Figure 12A illustrates how the recess of the gun wall 225 of the present invention can also achieve varying angles of the side wall 289D. Also shown are the diameter ratio of cut perforation 288D to the angle of the side wall and to the central axis 115 of the gun, as well as ring 215. The curvature of the bottom surface 218C of recess 225 is also illustrated. 13A shows a welded seam 268 connecting the components 265 to the multiple layers of the gun wall 210 requiring less machining. This welding can be performed by laser welding, similar to the techniques available for pre-cutting the perforations 225 within the wall of the gun 210. The welded seam 268 illustrated in FIG. 13B illustrates the size achieved by the well technology. conventional In some embodiments, it may be advantageous to mechanically weld or adhere mechanically threaded connection ends to at least one tube layer. Figure 13A and Figure 13B use the connection fittings of the laser welding gun for designs using multiple layers. Laser welding involves a low heat input process, thus allowing the machined termination ends of the finished machined connection to be soldered directly. Conventional multi-step welds may require machining after welding to eliminate the effects of distortion. Other advantages of the present invention include more choices of the supply of your bo, especially domestic supplies with much shorter time limits. The lowest manufacturing costs are achieved by laser cutting the breaks in the outer lamination rather than the machining of solid heavy wall pipes, which is the practice of current technology. The specific benefits of gun construction using multiple layers of different materials and material costs, material weight reduction and thickness, decreased dependence on costly high-strength materials that have long-term production requirements and Greater flexibility in gun designs including the design of gun wall properties to accommodate varying field conditions for improved performance. In addition, the best performance of the gun is achieved by precutting the breaks that have a uniform thickness, an increased flexibility to create walls of the rests and modified forms and an increased absorption to impulse shock by the pipe layer interface multiple Also the inner tube can have a higher strength without the adverse effect of frailty, since the outer ductile layer can contain the inner tube. Because recesses (breaks) can be individually cut into each tube layer before being assembled into the gun tube, many different recess designs are available. One benefit of this ability to recess is to produce with an internal diameter and an inner diameter (inner wall) that would be virtually impossible to produce in conventional gun manufacturing. The present invention is not intended to describe specifically the benefits of all recess designs, but rather to indicate that the advantages may be appreciated by those skilled in the art of the present invention. Although the particular modalities of the present invention have been described, it should be understood, of course, that the present invention is not limited thereto and that many obvious modifications and variations can be made to it and that said modifications and variations are intended to be within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (34)

1. CLAIMS 1. A drilling apparatus having a longitudinal axis, said drilling apparatus comprising: a. a cargo tube that has an explosive charge; b. a first layer placed slidably, not fixedly, and removable on the loading tube, and c. at least one outer layer in a fixed adaptation on said first layer, the outer layer being a solid structure. The drilling apparatus as described in claim 1, characterized in that a plurality of rests are placed on the outer layer in a defined pattern, and wherein the orientation of the outer layer is parallel to the longitudinal axis. The drilling apparatus as described in claim 2, characterized in that the density of the plurality of breaks placed in the outer layer is at least 1 rest per foot at 21 rest per foot, and each one of the plurality of breaks is in the form of a perforation having a diameter between about 0.635 cm (0.25 inches) and about 3.81 cm (1.5 inches). 4. The drilling apparatus as described in claim 1, characterized in that the outer layer is fixed to said first layer using an interference fit. 5. The drilling apparatus as described in claim 1, which further comprises a third layer that is positioned between the first layer and the outer layer. 6. The drilling apparatus as described in claim 5, characterized in that the third layer is an energy absorbing layer. The drilling apparatus as described in claim 5, characterized in that the third layer is in the form of a perforated sheet comprising a plurality of perforations, and wherein each of the plurality of perforations has a diameter between about 0.0508 cm (0.020 inches) and about 2.54 cm (1.0 inches) and wherein the density of the plurality of perforations is between about 1 perforation per inch and about 700 perforations per inch. 8. The drilling apparatus as described in claim 5, characterized in that the third layer is in the form of a solid sheet. The drilling apparatus as described in claim 5, which further comprises at least one additional layer placed between the third layer and the outer layer. 1. The drilling apparatus as described in claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the first layer and the outer layer comprise a metal having a tensile strength of between about 36 ksi and about 400 ksi. eleven . The drilling apparatus as described in claim 2, characterized in that at least one internal structure is machined in one or more of the inner layers, the third layer and at least the additional layer, the internal structure being a break. 12. A drilling apparatus having a longitudinal axis and a horizontal axis, the drilling apparatus comprising: a. a cargo tube that has an explosive charge; b. a first layer placed in a sliding manner, not fixed and that can be removed on the loading tube, and c. at least one outer layer wound on the first layer, with the outer layer being a wire. The drilling apparatus as described in claim 12, characterized in that the outer layer is formed by winding the wire around the first layer at an angle between 1 degree and 60 degrees from the horizontal axis of the first layer. such that when the wire is wound, the adjacent wire is in a parallel relationship with it. The drilling apparatus as described in claim 13, characterized in that the outer wire layer is in the form of a wire cloth having a mesh with a mesh size between about 4 wires per inch and about 150 wires per inch, the wire having a diameter of between? 0.038 inches and approximately 0.1875 inches. The drilling apparatus as described in claim 13, characterized in that an energy absorbing layer is placed between the first layer and the outer layer. 16. A method for manufacturing a drill gun comprising the steps of: a. get a length of a first tube; b. cut breaks in the first tube to form an outer layer; c. place the outer layer in a fastener; d. cutting a second tube to the approximate length of the first tube to form an inner layer; and. pulling the inner layer within the outer layer to form a laminated structure having first and second ends, and g. Insert a loading tube into the laminated structure. 17. The method as described in claim 1 6, characterized in that at least one additional layer is formed by cutting an additional tube to an approximate length of the outer layer to form an additional layer and pulling the layer. additional between the inner layer and the outer layer. The method as described in claim 1 6, characterized in that the pulling of the inner layer within the outer layer is achieved using a reduced drive chain and gear mechanism. 9. The method as described in claim 16, which further comprises the machining step of the internal structures in the laminated structure. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that the step of machining the internal structure in the laminated structure includes cutting a recess in the inner layer. twenty-one . The method as described in claim 1, which further comprises the step of machining the internal structures in the laminated structure, characterized in that the machining step of the internal structures in the laminated structure includes the cutting of a break within at least one of the additional layers. The method as described in claim 16, characterized in that step b is removed and the breaks are not cut in the first tube, further comprising the step of machining the internal structures in the laminated structure so that a recess is cutting inside the inner layer. The method as described in claim 22, characterized in that at least one additional layer is formed by cutting an additional tube to the approximate length of the outer layer to form an additional layer and pulling the additional layer between the inner layer and the outer layer, further comprising the step of machining the internal structures in a laminated structure so that a recess is cut within at least one of the additional layers. 24. A method for manufacturing a drill gun comprising the steps of: a. obtain a length of a first tube; b. cut breaks in the first tube to form an outer layer; c. place the outer layer in a fastener; d. cutting a second tube to the approximate length of the first tube; and. winding wire around the second length of the tube to form an inner layer; F. pulling the second length of tube with the wire placed therein inside the outer layer forming a laminated structure having a first and second ends; g. welding a first coupling from the end to the first end and the second coupling from the end to the second end; h. Insert a loading tube into the laminated structure. The method as described in claim 24, characterized in that the step of winding the wire is performed by winding the wire in a first layer at an angle which is between about 0 degrees and about 60 degrees of the horizontal axis of the wire. second tube length. 26. The method as described in claim 25, characterized in that the winding of the wire is repeated up to 8 layers and wherein each layer is at an angle between about 0 degrees and about 60 degrees of the angle of the previous layer . 27. A method for using a drill gun in natural gas and oil wells that have a borehole with a well cover, which comprises the steps of: a. loading a drilling gun with a loading tube having at least one explosive charge placed thereon to form a loaded perforating gun, the piercing gun having a wall of the gun comprising a first layer slidably arranged, not fixed, and that can be removed on the loading tube and an outer layer in a fixed adaptation on the first layer to form a laminate having a first end and an extreme sec- ond, the outer layer having a plurality of rests placed in it in a defined pattern; b. suspend the loaded drill gun in a well borehole with a well cover; c. detonate the explosive charge, thus producing a jet of explosive gas; d. allow the gas jet to pierce the wall of the gun and also puncture the well cover and enter the strata surrounding the well bore; and e. fracturing the strata that surround the perforated well. The method as described in claim 27, characterized in that the wall of the piercing gun comprises at least one additional layer placed between the inner layer and at least one outer layer. 29. The method as described in claim 28, characterized in that at least one internal structure is machined in at least one inner layer and in at least one additional layer, the internal structure being a recess placed in alignment direct with one of the plurality of breaks. 30. The method as described in claim 27, characterized in that said at least one charge of explosives is placed inside the charge gun in such a manner that when said at least one charge of explosives is detonated, penetration occurs. from the wall of the gun where the plurality of breaks is placed. 31 The method as described in claim 29, characterized in that at least one explosive charge is placed inside the charging gun in such a manner that when said at least one charge of explosives is detonated, penetration of the wall of the gun where the recess is placed. 32. The method as described in claim 27, which further comprises the step following the detonation of the gun, of extracting the gun from the hole drilling, cutting the first and second ends to be reused. in another gun, and recycle the rest of the gun. 33. The method as described in claim 27, characterized in that the outer layer is a solid sheet. 34. The method as described in claim 27, characterized in that the outer layer is a layer of wire wound on the first layer.