MXPA05010098A - Controller and driver features for bi-stable display - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention comprises systems and methods for partitioning displays, and in particular, displays of interferometric modulator displays. In one embodiment, a display system includes one driving circuit configured to provide signals based on video data intended for display, and a bi-stable display comprising an array having a plurality of bi-stable display elements. The array is configured to display video data using signals received from the driving circuit, and the driving circuit is configured to partition the array into two or more fields, each field including at least one bi-stable display element, and refresh each of the two or more fields in accordance with a refresh rate associated with each field. In another embodiment, a method of displaying data on a display of a client device includes partitioning a bi-stable display of the client device into two or more fields, displaying video data in the two or more fields, and refreshing each of the two or more fields in accordance with a refresh rate that is associated with each field.

Description

CONTROLLER AND IMPULSOR FEATURES FOR BIESTABLE SCREEN Field of the Invention The field of the invention relates to microelectromechanical systems (MEMS).

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) include micromechanical, activating and electronic elements. The micromechanical elements can be created using deposition, etching and other micromachined processes that etch the parts of the substrates and / or capable of deposited material or that add layers to form electrical and electromechanical devices. A type of MEMS device is called an interferometric modulator. An interferometric modulator may comprise a pair of conductive plates, one or both of which may be transparent and / or reflective in all or part and have relative movement capability with the application of an appropriate electrical signal. One plate may comprise a stationary layer deposited on a substrate, the other plate may comprise a metal membrane separated from the stationary layer by an air gap. Such devices have a wide range of applications, and may be beneficial in the art to use and / or modify the characteristics of those types of devices so that their features can be exploited to improve existing products and create new products that have not yet been developed. .

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The system, method and device of the invention each has several aspects, not one of which is only responsible for its desirable attributes. Without limiting the scope of this invention, its most prominent features will now be discussed briefly. After considering this discussion, and particularly after reading the section entitled "Detailed Description of the Invention" one will understand how the features of the invention provide advantages over other display devices. A first embodiment includes a display system comprising at least one excitation circuit configured to provide signals for displaying video data, and a display comprising an arrangement having a plurality of bistable display elements, the arrangement being configured to deploy video data using signals received from the excitation circuit, the arrangement is divided into one or more fields, each field including at least one bistable display element and the excitation circuit is configured to renew each of one or more fields of agreement with a refresh rate associated with each field. A second embodiment includes a method for displaying data on a screen of a client device, the method comprising dividing a bistable screen of the client device into two or more fields, displaying video data in the two or more fields, and renewing each one. of the two or more fields according to a renewal speed that is associated with each of the two or more fields. A third embodiment includes a communication system for server-based control of a screen of a client device, comprising a communication network, a client device comprising a bistable display having a plurality of bistable display elements, The client device is configured to transmit screen information over the communication network, and a server configured to define one or more fields of the flip-flop screen, each field has an associated refresh rate, and the server is further configured to transmit video data to the client device over the communications network, based on the screen information, wherein the client device is further configured to receive video data from the server, to display the video data in one or more fields of the screen, and to update each field using the associated renewal information. A fourth modality includes a data screen system, comprising a content server, and a client device in data communication with the content server, the client device comprises a bistable screen that can be configured to display data in one or more fields, each field being associated with at least one bistable screen element, wherein each field of the bistable screen can be renewed at its own refresh rate. A fifth embodiment includes a data screen system, comprising: a content server configured to provide video data; and a client device in data communication with the content server, the client device comprises a bistable display which can be configured to display data in one or more fields, each field being associated with at least one bistable display element, where each field of the flip-flop screen can be renewed at its own refresh rate.

A sixth embodiment includes a display system comprising means for providing image data signals. The screen system further comprises means for dividing a screen arrangement comprising a plurality of bistable screen elements in one or more fields, each field including at least one bistable screen element. A seventh embodiment includes a display system, comprising: means for providing image data signals; means for displaying images using the image data signals; and means for dividing the screen arrangement into one or more fields, wherein the speed means is configured to renew each of one or more fields according to a refresh rate associated with each field. An eighth embodiment includes a method for displaying data on a screen of a device, the method comprising: dividing a bistable screen of the device into one or more fields; display image data from one or more fields; and renew each of one or more fields according to a renewal rate that is associated with each of one or more fields. A ninth embodiment includes a method for manufacturing a display system, comprising: connecting at least one excitation circuit configured to provide signals for displaying image data on a display comprising an arrangement having a plurality of bistable display elements; configuring the arrangement for displaying image data using signals received from the excitation circuit and for dividing into one or more fields, each field including at least one bistable display element; and configuring the excitation circuit to renew each of one or more fields according to a refresh rate associated with each field. A tenth embodiment includes a display system manufactured by a process comprising connecting at least one excitation circuit configured to provide signals for displaying video data on a screen comprising an arrangement having a plurality of bistable display elements; configuring the arrangement for displaying video data using signals received from the excitation circuit and for dividing into one or more fields, each field including at least one bistable display element; and configuring the excitation circuit to renew each of one or more fields according to a refresh rate associated with each field. An eleventh embodiment includes a display system, comprising means for providing image data signals; means for dividing a screen arrangement comprising a plurality of bistable screen elements in one or more fields, each field including at least one bistable screen element; and means for displaying the image using the image data signals, wherein each of one or more fields is renewed according to a refresh rate associated with each field.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 illustrates a one-mode network system. Figure 2 is an isometric view representing a portion of a modality of a display arrangement of interferometric modulators in which a mobile reflective layer of a first interferometric modulator is in a released position and a mobile reflective layer of a second interferometric modulator is in an activated position. Figure 3A is a system block diagram illustrating a modality of an electronic device that incorporates a 3X3 interferometric modulator screen arrangement. Figure 3B is an illustration of a client mode of the server-based wireless network system of Figure 1. Figure 3C is a configuration of the exemplary block diagram of the client in Figure 3B. Figure 4A is a diagram of a mobile mirror position versus voltage applied to an exemplary embodiment of an interferometric modulator of Figure 2. Figure 4B is an illustration of a row and column voltage set that can be used to drive a display arrangement of interferometric modulators. Figures 5A and 5B illustrate an exemplary time diagram for row and column signals that can be used to write a data box for the 3X3 interferometric modulator screen arrangement of Figure 3A. Figure 6A is a cross section of the interferometric modulator of Figure 2. Figure 6B is a cross section of an alternative mode of an interferometric modulator. Figure 6C is a cross section of another alternative embodiment of an interferometric modulator. Figure 7 is a high-level flow chart of a customer control process. Figure 8 is a flow diagram of a client control process for launching and executing a reception / deployment process. Figure 9 is a flow chart of a server control process for sending video data to a client. Figure 10 is a plan view of the perspective of a display of a mode of a display of interferometric modulators that can be divided into multiple fields of view. Figure 11 is a flow chart illustrating a control process for dividing a screen and establishing a refresh rate for each division. Figure 12 is a high-level flowchart of the embodiments for dividing a screen into one or more display fields and updating each of one or more display fields at a corresponding appropriate update rate. Figure 13 is an exemplary illustration of a split screen of a client. Figure 14 is an example of a message provided by the server. Figures 15A and 15B are block diagrams of a system illustrating a modality of a visual display device comprising a plurality of interferometric modulators.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The following detailed description is directed to certain specific modalities. However, the invention can be represented in a plurality of different forms. The reference in this specification "a modality" or "modality" means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described together with the modality is included in at least one modality. Appearances between the phrase "one modality", "according to one modality" or "in some modalities" in several places in the specification do not necessarily all refer to the same modality, and are not mutually exclusive or mutually exclusive alternatives to others modalities. In addition, several features are described which can be shown by some modalities, and not by the others. Similarly, several requirements are described which may be requirements for some modalities but not for other modalities. In one embodiment, a screen arrangement in a device includes at least one excitation circuit and one arrangement of means, for example, interferometric modulators, in which the video data is displayed. Video data as used herein, refers to any type of expandable data, including images, graphics and words, which can be displayed in static or dynamic images (for example, a series of video frames that when they observe give the appearance of movement, for example, a screen that always changes continuously of stock quotes, a "video segment", or data that indicate the occurrence of an action event.Video data, as used in the present, they also refer to any type of control data, which include instructions on how the video data is to be processed (screen mode), such as frame rate, and data format. of excitation to display video data In one embodiment, an interferometric screen is divided into two or more fields.Video data can be identified to be displayed on one of the two or more cam pos, and the video data can be displayed in each of the fields. Renewing each division at its own refresh rate can result in energy savings for screens that do not require frequent updates. In one embodiment, a screen that can be divided includes an arrangement of interferometric modulators and an excitation circuit configured to drive the arrangement, where the excitation circuit is configured to divide an array of interferometric modulators into two or more fields, identify data that they are displayed in one of the two or more fields, and display the identified data in a corresponding field of the divided layout, and to update each of the fields of the layout at a refresh rate that may be the same or different than the renewal speed of the other fields. In another embodiment, the method for displaying data includes receiving video data, identifying the video data that is displayed in the two or more fields, displaying the data identified in the data in a corresponding field of the divided layout, and updating each division. of the screen at a refresh rate dependent on the content of the displayed video data. In that description, reference is made to the drawings where similar parts are designated with similar numbers through them. The invention can be implemented in any device that is configured to display an image, whether in motion (eg, video) or stationary (eg, still image), and either text or images. More particularly, it is contemplated that the invention may be implemented in or associated with a variety of electronic devices such as, but not limited to, mobile phones, wireless devices, personal data assistants (PDAs), handheld or portable computers, GPS receivers / navigators, cameras, MP3 players, camcorders, game consoles, wrist watches, watches, calculators, television monitors, flat panel displays , computer monitors, auto-screens (for example, odometer display, etc.), controls and / or cockpit screens, camera views screen (for example, rearview camera screen on a vehicle), photographs electronic, advertising or electronic signs, projectors, architectural structures, packaging, and aesthetic structures (for example, image screen on a piece of jewelry). MEMS devices of similar structure to those described herein may also be used in non-screen applications such as electronic switching devices. Spatial light modulators for imaging applications come in many different forms. Transmissive liquid crystal display (LCD) modulators modulate light by controlling the twisting and / or aligning of crystalline materials to block or let light in. Reflective space light modulators exploit various physical effects to control the amount of light reflected on the surface of the image. Examples of such reflective modulators include reflective LCDs, and digital micro-mirror devices.

Another example of a spatial light modulator is an interferometric modulator that modulates light by interference. Interferometric modulators are bi-stable screen elements employing a resonant optical cavity having at least one movable or flexible wall. The constructive interference in the optical cavity determines the color of the visible light that emerges from the cavity. When the movable wall typically comprises at least partially metal moves towards the stationary front surface of the cavity, the interference of the light within the cavity is modulated, and that modulation affects the color of the light arising from the front surface of the modulator. The front surface is typically the surface where the image seen by the viewer appears, in the case where the interferometric modulator is a direct view device. Figure 1 illustrates a network system according to one embodiment. A server 2, such as a Web server, is operatively coupled to a network 3. The server 2 may correspond to a Web server, a cell phone server, a wireless email server, and the like. The network 3 may include wired networks or wireless networks, such as WiFi networks, cellular telephone networks, Bluetooth networks, and the like. The network 3 can be operatively coupled to a wide variety of devices. Examples of devices that can be coupled to the network 3 include a computer such as a laptop type 4 computer, a personal digital assistant 5 (PDA), which can include wireless portable devices such as a BlackBerry, a Palm Pilot, a Pocket PC, and the like, a cellular telephone 6, such as, a cellular network enabler, smart phone, and the like. Many other devices can be used, such as desktop PCs, converter-decoder boxes, digital media players, portable PCs, Global Positioning System (GPS) navigation devices, car screens or other stationary and mobile displays. For convenience of discussion, all of these devices are collectively referred to herein as the client device 7. One embodiment of the bistable display element comprising an interferometric MEMS display element is illustrated in Figure 2. These devices, the pixels are either in a light or dark state. In the light state ("on" or "open") the screen element reflects a large portion of visible light incident to a user. When in the dark state ("off" or "closed"), the screen element reflects little visible light incident to the user.

Depending on the mode, the reflectance properties of the light of the "on" and "off" states can be reversed. MEMS pixels can be configured to reflect predominantly in selected colors allowing a color screen in addition to black and white. Figure 2 is an isometric view representing two adjacent pixels in a series of pixels of a visual screen arrangement, wherein each pixel comprises a MEMS interferometric modulator. In some embodiments, a display arrangement of the interferometric modulator comprises an array of rows / columns of these interferometric modulators. Each interferometric modulator includes a pair of reflective layers placed at a variable distance controllable with each other to form a resonant optical cavity with at least one variable dimension. In one embodiment, one of the reflective layers can move between two positions. In the first position, referred to herein as the released state, the moving layer is placed at a relatively long distance from a fixed, partially reflective layer. In the second position, the mobile layer is placed more closely adjacent to the partially reflective layer. The incident light that is reflected from the two layers interferes constructively or destructively depending on the position of the mobile reflective layer, producing either a general reflective or non-reflective state for each pixel. The depicted portion of the pixel array in Figure 2 includes two adjacent interferometric modulators 12a and 12b. In the left interferometric modulator 12a, a highly reflective, mobile layer 14a is illustrated in a released position at a predetermined distance from a fixed, partially reflective layer 16a. In the interferometric modulator 12b to the right, the highly reflective mobile layer 14b is illustrated in an activated position adjacent to the fixed partially reflective layer 16b. The partially reflective layers 16a, 16b are electrically conductive, partially transparent and fixed, and can be manufactured, for example, by depositing one or more layers each of chromium and indium-tin-oxide on a transparent substrate. The layers are designed in parallel strips and can form row electrodes in a screen device as further described in the following. The highly reflective layers 14a, 14b can be formed as a series of parallel strips of a layer or layers of deposited metal (orthogonal to the row electrodes, partially reflective layers 16a, 16b) deposited on the top of the supports 18 and a material of intervention sacrifice deposited between the supports 18. When the sacrificial material is etched, the deformable metal layers are separated from the fixed metal layers by a defined air gap 19. A highly conductive and reflective material such as aluminum can be used for the deformable layers and these strips can form column electrodes in a screen device. Without any applied voltage, the air gap 19 remains between the layers 14a, 16a and the deformable layer is in a mechanically relaxed state as illustrated in the interferometric modulator 12a in Figure 2. However, when a power difference is applied to a row and selected columns, the capacitor formed at the intersection of the rows and columns electrodes in the corresponding pixel is charged, and the electrostatic forces pull the electrodes together. If the voltage is sufficiently high, the moving layer is deformed and forced against the fixed layer (a dielectric material which is not illustrated in the Figure can be deposited in the fixed layer to prevent short circuit and control the separation distance) as illustrates in the interferometric modulator 12b to the right in Figure 2. The behavior is the same regardless of the polarity of the applied power difference. In this way, the activation of rows / columns that can control the reflective versus non-reflective states of the interferometric modulator is analogous in many ways to that used in conventional LCD and other display technologies. Figures 3 to 5 illustrate an exemplary process and system for using an array of interferometric modulators in a screen application. However, the process and system can also be applied to other screens, for example plasma, EL, OLED, STN LCD and TFT LCD. Currently, the available flat panel display drivers and impellers are designed to operate almost exclusively with displays that need to be constantly updated. In this way, the image displayed in the plasma panels, EL, OLED, STN LCD and TFT LCD, for example, will disappear in a fraction of seconds if it is not renewed many times within a second. However, because interferometric modulators of the type described in the above have the ability to maintain their status for a longer period of time without renewal, where the state of the interferometric modulators can be maintained in either of two states without renewal, a screen which uses interferometric modulators can be referred to as a bistable display. In one embodiment, the state of the pixel element is maintained by applying a voltage / polarization, sometimes referred to as latching voltage, to one or more interferometric modulators comprising the pixel element. In general, a display device typically requires one or more controllers and driver circuits for proper control of the display device. The driving circuits, such as those for driving LSD, for example can be directly attached to, and placed along the edge of the panel of the screen itself. Alternatively, the driver circuits may be mounted on flexible circuit elements that connect the display panel (at its edge) to the rest of the electronic system. In any case, the impellers are typically located in the interconnection of the display panel and the rest of the electronic system. Figure 3A is a system block diagram illustrating some embodiments of an electronic device that may incorporate several aspects. In the exemplary embodiment, the electronic device includes a processor 21 which can be any general-purpose microprocessor of single or multiple chips such as an ARM, Pentium®, Pentium IIT, Pentium IIIo, Pentium IVo, Pentium® Pro, an 8051 , a MIPS®, a Power PC °, an ALPHAC, or any special-purpose microprocessor such as a digital signal processor, microcontroller or a programmable gate arrangement. As is conventional in the art, the processor 21 can be configured to execute one or more software modules. In addition to running an operating system, the processor can be configured to run one or more software applications, including a web browser, a telephone application, an email program, or any other software application. Figure 3A illustrates one embodiment of an electronic device including a network interface 27 connected to a processor 21, and according to some embodiments, the network interface can be connected to an array driver 22. The network interface 27 includes the appropriate hardware and software so that the device can interact with other devices on a network, for example the server 2 shown in Figure 1. The processor 21 is connected to a driver 29 which is connected to a disposition driver 22 and to frame temporary memory 28. In some embodiments, the processor 21 is also connected to the disposition driver 22. The disposition driver 22 connects to and energizes the screen arrangement 30. The components illustrated in Figure 3A illustrate a configuration of a display of interferometric modulators. However, this configuration can also be used in an LCD with a controller and LCD control program. As illustrated in Figure 3A, the driver controller 29 is connected to the processor 21 via a parallel bus 36. Although an impeller controller 29, such as an LCD controller is often associated with the system processor 21, such as a stand-alone integrated circuit (IC), such controllers can be implemented in many ways. They can be interleaved in the processor 21 as hardware, interleaved in the processor 21 as software or fully integrated in hardware with the disposition drive 22. In one embodiment, the driver 29 takes the screen information generated by the processor 21, reformats that information appropriately for high-speed transmission to the screen layout 30, and sends the formatted information to the layout driver 22. The disposition driver 22 receives the formatted information from the driver 29 and reformats the video data into a parallel set of waveforms that are applied many times per second to hundreds and sometimes to thousands of interlines that come from the matrix of xy pixels of the screen. The currently available flat panel display drivers and impellers such as those immediately described in the above, they have been designed to work almost exclusively with screens that need to be constantly renewed. Because bistable displays (for example, an array of interferometric modulators) do not require such constant renewal, features that lower energy requirements can be realized through the use of bistable displays. However, if bistable displays are operated by the drivers and impellers that are used with current displays, the advantages of a bistable display may not be optimized. In this way, the control systems and methods and improved control program for use with bistable displays are desired. For high-speed bistable displays, such as the above-described interferometric modulators, those improved drivers and impellers preferably implement low refresh rate modes, video refresh rate modes, and unique modes to facilitate the unique capabilities of bistable modulators . According to the methods and systems described herein, a bistable display can be configured to reduce the energy requirements in various ways. In a modality illustrated by Figure 3A, the disposition driver 22 receives video data from the processor 21 via a data link 31 that bypasses the driver 29. The data link 31 may comprise a peripheral serial interface ("SPI"), an I2C bus, parallel bus, or any other available interface. In one embodiment shown in Figure 3A, the processor 21 provides instructions to the disposition driver 22 that allows the disposition driver 22 to optimize the power requirements of the display arrangement 30 (e.g., a display of interferometric modulators). In one embodiment, the video data intended for a portion of the screen, such as, for example, defined by the server 2, can be identified by data packet header information and transmitted via the data link 31. In addition, the processor 21 can route primitive elements, such as primitive graphics elements, together with the data link 31 to the disposition driver 22. These primitive elements of graphics can correspond to instructions such as primitive elements for drawing shapes and text. Still with reference to Figure 3A, in one embodiment, the video data can be provided from the network interface 27 to the disposition driver 22 via the data link 33. In one embodiment, the network interface 27 analyzes the control information that is transmitted on the server 2 and determines whether the incoming video should be routed to the processor 21 or, alternatively, to the disposition driver 22. In one embodiment, the video data provided by the data link 33 are not stored in the frame buffer 28, as is usually the case in many embodiments. It will also be understood that in some embodiments, a second disposition driver (not shown) may also be used to execute the video data for the disposition driver 22. The data link 33 may comprise an SPI, I2C bus, or any other available interface. The arranging impeller 22 may also include address decoding, row impellers and columns for the display, and the like. The network interface 27 can also provide video data directly to the drive driver 22 at least partially in response to the instructions interleaved within the video data provided to the network interface 27. It will be understood by the skilled practitioner that arbitrary logic can be used to control access with the network interface 27 and the processor 21 to avoid data collisions in the disposition drive 22. In one embodiment, an impeller running on the processor 21 controls the time of data transfer from the network interface 27 to the disposition driver 22 by allowing the transfer of data during time intervals that are typically not used by the host. processor 21, such as time intervals traditionally used for vertical erasure delays and / or horizontal erasure delays. Advantageously, this design allows the server 2 to bypass the processor 21 and the driver 29, and to directly direct a portion of the screen arrangement 30. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, this allows the server 2 to directly direct a predefined screen layout area of the screen layout 30. In one embodiment, the amount of data communicated between the network interface 27 and the disposition driver 22 is relatively low and is communicated using a serial bus, such as an Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) bus or an interface bus. Peripheral in Series (SPI). It will also be understood, however, that where other types of screens are used, the other circuits will typically be used as well. The video data provided via the data link 33 can advantageously be deployed without a temporary frame buffer 28 and with little or no intervention from the processor 21. FIG. 3A also illustrates a configuration and a processor 21 coupled to a driver controller 29, such as a controller of interferometric modulators. The drive controller 29 is coupled to the disposition drive 22 to which the display arrangement 30 is connected. In this mode, the driver 29 explains the optimizations of the screen arrangement 30 and provides information to the arranging driver 22 without the need for a separate connection between the arranging driver 22 and the processor 21. In some embodiments, the processor 21 it may be configured to communicate with a driver 29, which may include a temporary frame buffer 28 for temporary storage of one or more video data frames. As shown in Figure 3A, in one embodiment, the array driver 22 includes a row driver circuit 24 and a column driver circuit 26 that provide signals to a pixel display arrangement 30. The cross section of the illustrated arrangement of Figure 2 is shown by lines 1-1 in Figure 3A. For MEMS interferometric modulators, the row / column activation protocol can take advantage of a hysteresis property of these devices illustrated in Figure 4A. It may require, for example, a power difference of 10 volts to cause a moving layer to deform from the released state to the activated state. However, when the voltage is reduced from that value, the moving layer maintains its state when the voltage drops below 10 volts again. In the exemplary embodiment of Figure 4A, the moving layer is not completely released until the voltage falls below two volts. In this way there is a voltage range, approximately 3 to 7 volts in the example illustrated in Figure 4A, where there is a window of applied voltage within which the device is stable in any activated released state. This is referred to herein as the "hysteresis window" or "stability window". For a screen arrangement having the hysteresis characteristics of Figure 4A, the row / column activation protocol can be designed so that during row strobing, the pixels in the row with stroboscopy to be activated are exposed to a voltage difference of approximately 10 volts, and the pixels to be released are exposed to a voltage difference of almost 0 volts. After stroboscopy, the pixels are exposed to a steady-state voltage difference of approximately 5 volts, so that they remain in whatever state the row stroboscopy put them into. After being written, each pixel sees a power difference within the "stability window" of 3-7 volts in this example. This feature makes the pixel design illustrated in Figure 2 stable under the same applied voltage conditions in any of a released pre-existing activated state. Since each pixel of the interferometric modulator, whether in the activated or released state, essentially a capacitor formed by the reflective and moving layers, this stable state can be maintained within the hysteresis window with almost no energy dissipation. Essentially, no current flows in the pixel if the applied potential is fixed. In typical applications, a screen frame can be created by adjusting the set of column electrodes according to the desired set of pixels activated in the first row. A row pulse is then applied to the electrode of row 1, activating the pixels corresponding to the adjusted column lines. The adjusted set of column electrodes is then changed to correspond to the desired set of activated pixels in the second row. A pulse is then applied to the electrode of row 2, activating the appropriate pixels in row 2 according to the adjusted column electrodes. The pixels in row 1 are not affected by the impulse in row 2, and remain in the state they were established during the impulse in row 1. They can be repeated throughout the series of rows in a sequential fashion to produce the picture . Generally, frames are renewed and / or updated with new video data by continuously repeating this process at a desired number of frames per second. A wide variety of protocols for driving row and column arrays of pixel arrays to produce frames of the screen layout are also well known and can be used. One embodiment of a client device 7 is illustrated in Figure 3B. The exemplary client 40 includes a housing 41, a screen 42, an antenna 43, a loudspeaker 44, an input device 48, and a microphone 46. The housing 41 is generally formed from any of a variety of manufacturing processes as is known well by those with experience in the art, which includes injection molding, and vacuum forming. In addition, housing 41 can be formed of any of a variety of materials, including, but not limited to, plastic, metal, glass, rubber and ceramic, or a combination thereof. In one embodiment the housing 41 includes removable portions (not shown) that can be interchanged with other removable portions of different colors, which contain different logos, images or symbols. The screen 42 of the exemplary client 40 can be any of a variety of screens, including a bistable screen, as described herein with respect to, for example, to Figures 2, 3A, and 4-6. In other embodiments, the display 42 includes a flat panel display, such as EL, OLED, STN LCD, or TFT LCD as described above, or a non-flat panel display, such as a CRT or other device. tubular, as is well known to those with experience in the art. However, for purposes of describing the present embodiment, the screen 42 includes a display of interferometric modulators, as described herein. The components of a modality of the exemplary client 40 are illustrated schematically in Figure 3C. Illustrated exemplary client 40 includes a housing 41 and may include additional components at least partially enclosed therein. For example, in one embodiment, the exemplary client 40 includes a network interface 27 that includes an antenna 43 which is coupled to a transceiver 47. The transceiver 47 is connected to a processor 21, which is connected to the conditioning hardware 52 . The conditioning hardware 52 is connected to a loudspeaker 44 and a microphone 46. The processor 21 is also connected to an input device 48 and a driver 29. The drive controller 29 is coupled to a temporary frame memory 28, and to an array driver 22, which in turn engages a screen arrangement 30. A power supply 50 provides power to all components when required by the design of the particular exemplary client. The network interface 27 includes the antenna 43, the transceiver 47 so that the exemplary client 40 can communicate with another device over a network 3, for example, the server 2 shown in Figure 1. In one embodiment, the network interface 27 may also have some processing capabilities for relieve the requirements of processor 21. Antenna 43 is any antenna known to those skilled in the art to transmit and receive signals. In one embodiment, the antenna transmits and receives RF signals, in accordance with the IEEE802.il standard, which includes IEEE802.11 (a), (b) or (g). In another embodiment, the antenna transmits and receives RF signals according to the BLUETOOTH standard. In the case of a cellular phone, the antenna is designed to receive CDMA, GSM, AMPS or other known signals that are used to communicate within a wireless cellular telephone network. The transceiver 47 preprocesses the signals received from the antenna 43 so that it can be received by and further processed by the processor 21. The transceiver 47 also processes signals received from the processor 21 so that they can be transmitted from the exemplary client 40 via the antenna 43 The processor 21 generally controls the general operations of the exemplary client 40, although the operational control may be shared with or given to the server 2 (not shown), as will be described in greater detail in the following. In one embodiment, the processor 21 includes a microcontroller, CPU, or logic unit to control the operation of the exemplary client. The conditioning hardware 52 generally includes amplifiers and filters for transmitting signals to the speaker 44, and for receiving signals from the microphone 46. The conditioning hardware 52 may be discrete components within the exemplary client 40, or may be incorporated within the processor 21 or other components . The input device 48 allows a user to control the operation of the exemplary client. In one embodiment, the input device 48 includes a keyboard, such as a QWERTY keyboard or a telephone keypad, a button, a switch, a touch-sensitive screen, a pressure sensitive or heat sensitive membrane. In one embodiment, a microphone is an input device for the exemplary client. When a microphone is used to enter data into the device, voice commands can be provided by a user to control the operations of the exemplary client. In one embodiment, the driver 29, the drive driver 22, and the screen arrangement 30 are suitable for any of the types of screens described herein. For example, in one embodiment, the driver controller 29 is a conventional display controller or a bistable display controller (e.g., a controller of interferometric modulators). In another embodiment, the disposition driver 22 is a conventional controller or a bistable display controller (e.g., a display of interferometric modulators). In yet another embodiment, the screen arrangement 30 is a typical screen arrangement or bistable screen arrangement (eg, a screen that includes an array of interferometric modulators). The power supply 50 is any of a variety of energy storage devices as is well known in the art. For example, in one embodiment, the power supply 50 is a rechargeable battery, such as a nickel-cadmium battery or a lithium-ion battery. In another embodiment, the power supply 50 is a renewable energy source, a condenser, or a solar cell, which includes a solar cell and solar cell paint. In another embodiment, the power supply 50 is configured to receive power from an electrical outlet. In one embodiment, the disposition driver 22 contains a register that can be set to a predefined value to indicate that the input video stream is in an interlaced format and must be displayed on the bistable display in an interlaced format, without converting the video stream into a progressive scan format. In this way, the flip-flop screen does not require interlaced to progressive scan conversion of the interlaced video data. In some implementations, the control programmability resides, as described above, in a screen controller that can be located in several places in the electronic screen system. In some cases, the control programmability resides in a disposition driver 22 located between the interconnection between the electronic display system and the display component itself. Those of skill in the art will recognize that the optimization described above can be implemented in any number of hardware and / or software components and in various configurations. In one embodiment, the circuitry is interleaved in the disposition driver 22 to take advantage of the fact that the output signal array of most graphics controllers includes a signal to delineate the horizontal active area of the screen arrangement 30 that is direct This horizontal active area can be changed by registration settings in the driver 29. These register settings' can be changed by the processor 21. This signal is normally designed as enabling screen (DE). Most screen video interfaces also use a line pulse (LP) or a horizontal synchronization signal (HSYNC), which indicates the end of a data line. A circuit that counts LPs can determine the vertical position of the current row. When the renewal signals are conditioned on the ED from the processor 21 (signaling for a horizontal region), and on the LP counter circuit (signaling for a vertical region), an area update function can be implemented. In one embodiment, a driver 29 is integrated with the drive driver 22. Such modality is common in highly integrated systems, such as cell phones, watches and other small area screens. The specialized circuitry within such integrated array driver 22, the first one determines which pixels and therefore pixels require renewal, and only selects those rows that have pixels that have changed for update. With such circuitry, the particular rows can be directed in non-sequential order, on a changing basis depending on the content of the image. This mode has the advantage that since only the changed video data needs to be sent through the interface, the data rates can be reduced between the processor 21 and the screen layout 30. Lowering the effective data rate required between the processor 21 and the disposition driver 22 improves power consumption, noise immunity and issues of electromagnetic interference for the system. Figures 4 and 5 illustrate a possible activation protocol for creating a screen box in the 3X3 array of Figure 3. Figure 4B illustrates a possible set of voltage levels of rows and columns that can be used for the pixels to display the hysteresis curves of Figure 4A. In the modality of Figure 4A / 4B, activating a pixel can involve setting the appropriate column in-po ization and the appropriate row in -? V which can correspond to -5 volts and +5 volts, respectively. Freeing the pixel can be achieved by setting the appropriate column in + Vp? Lari and the appropriate row in the same? V, producing a power difference of 0 volts across the pixel. In those rows where the row voltage is maintained at 0 volts, the pixels are stable in whatever state they were originally set regardless of whether the column is in + Polarization or -Volarization. Similarly, activating a pixel can involve setting the appropriate column in + p0? AriZation and the appropriate row in -? V, which can correspond to 5 volts and -5 volts, respectively. Freeing the pixel can be achieved by setting the appropriate column in -Vpolarization and the appropriate row in it - in V, producing a power difference of 0 volts across the pixel. In those rows where the row voltage is mained at zero volts, the pixels are stable in whatever state they were originally set, regardless of whether the column is in + Vpo? Arization or - "polarization." • Figure 5B is a diagram of times showing a series of row and column signals applied to the 3X3 arrangement of Figure 3A which will result in the screen arrangement illustrated in Figure 5A, where the activated pixels are non-reflective. Figure 5A the pixels can be in any state, and in this example, all the rows are at 0 volts and all the columns are at +5 volts.With these applied voltage, all the pixels are set in their existing states activated or released. In the box of Figure 5A, the pixels (1,1), (1,2), (2,2), (3,2) and (3,3) are activated. line "for row 1, columns 1 and 2 are set to - 5 volts and column 3 is set to +5 volts. This does not change the state of any of the pixels, because all the pixels remain in the stability window of 3-7 volts. Row 1 then has stroboscopy with a pulse ranging from 0 to 5 volts and again to 0. This activates the pixels (1,1), (1,2) and releases the pixel (1,3). No other pixel in the layout is affected. To set row 2 as desired, column 2 is set to -5 volts, and columns 1 and 3 are set to +5 volts. The same stroboscopy applied to row 2 will then activate the pixel (2,2) and release the pixels (2,1), (2,3). Again, no other pixel of the layout is affected. Row 3 is similarly established by setting columns 2 and 3 -5 in volts, and column 1 in +5 volts. The stroboscopy of row 3 establishes the pixels of row 3 as shown in Figure 5A. After writing the box, the row potentials are zero and the column potentials can remain at either +5 or -5 volts, and the screen is then stable in the arrangement of Figure 5A. It will be appreciated that the same procedure can be used for arrays of dozens or hundreds of rows and columns. It will also be appreciated that the time, sequence and levels of voltages used to perform the activation of rows and columns can be varied widely within the general principles represented in the foregoing, and the above example is only exemplary, and any activation voltage method can be used. The des of the structure of the interferometric modulators that operate in accordance with the principles set forth in the above may vary widely. For example, Figures 6A-6C illustrate three different modalities of the mobile mirror structure. Figure 6A is a cross section of the embodiment of Figure 2, where a strip of reflective material 14 is deposited on the orthogonal supports 18. In Figure 6B, the reflective material 14 is attached to the brackets 18 at the corners only, in the straps 32. In Figure 6C, the reflective material 14 is suspended from a deformable layer 34. This embodiment has benefits because the design and structural materials used for the reflective material 14 can be optimized with respect to the optical properties, and the design and structural materials used for the deformable layer 34 can be optimized with respect to the desired mechanical properties. The production of various types of interferometric devices is described in a variety of published documents, including, for example, North American Published Application 2004/0051929. A wide variety of well-known techniques can be used to produce the structures described above that involve a series of deposition steps, design and engraving to the etching of material. One embodiment of the process flow is illustrated in Figure 7, which shows a high-level flow chart of a control process of the client device 7. This flow chart describes the process used by the client device 7, such as a laptop type computer 4, a PDA 5, or a cellular telephone 6, connected to a network 3, to graphically display video data received from a computer. server 2 through the network 3. Depending on the mode, the states in Figure 7 can be removed, added or rearranged. Again with reference to Figure 7, starting at state 74 of client device 7 sends a signal to server 2 via network 3 indicating that client device 7 is ready for video. In one embodiment, a user may initiate the process of Figure 7 by understanding an electronic device such as a cellular telephone. When the state 76 continues, the client device 7 launches its control process. An example of the launching of a control process is further discussed with reference to Figure 8. A mode of the process flow is illustrated in Figure 8, which shows a flowchart of a control process of a client device 7. to launch and execute a control process. This flow chart illustrates in further detail the state 76 discussed with reference to Figure 7. Depending on the mode, the states in Figure 8 can be removed, added or rearranged. Starting at the decision state 84, the client device 7 makes a determination whether an action of the client device 7 requires an application on the client device 7 to be started, or if the server 2 has transmitted an application to the client device 7. for execution, or if the server 2 has transmitted to the client device 7 a request to execute an application resident in the client device 7. If there is no need to launch an application to the client device 7 it remains in the decision state 84. After starting an application, the state 86 continues, the client device 7 launches a process by which the client device 7 receives and displays the video data. The video data may be propagated from the server 2, or may be downloaded to the memory of the client device 7 for later access. Video data can be video, or a still image, information with text or images. The video data may also have various compression encodings, and be interlaced or progressively explored, and have varying and varying refresh rates. Screen layout 30 can be segmented into regions of arbitrary shape and size, each region receiving video data with features, such as refresh rate or compression encoding, specific only to that region. Regions can change the characteristics and shape and size of video data. The regions can be opened and closed and reopened. Along with the video data, the client device 7 can also receive control data. The control data may comprise server 2 commands for the client device 7 with respect to, for example, the video data characteristics such as compression coding, refresh rate, and progressively exploded interlaced video data. The control data may contain control instructions for screen layout segmentation, as well as different instructions for different regions of the screen layout 30.

In an exemplary embodiment, the server 2 sends video and control data to a PDA via a wireless network 3 to produce a clock that is continuously updated in the upper right corner of the screen layout 30, a slide in the upper left corner of the screen. the screen layout 30, a marker that is periodically updated from a ball game along a lower region of the screen layout 30, and a cloud shaped bubble reminder to purchase the bread that is continually displayed through all screen layout 30 The video data for the slide are downloaded and reside in the PDA memory, and are in an interlaced format. The clock and video data of the ball game propagate text from server 2. The rest is text with a graphic and is in a progressively scanned format. It is appreciated that only one exemplary embodiment is presented here. Other modalities are possible and are covered by state 86 and fall within the scope of this discussion. Continuing to the decision state 88, the client device 7 looks for a command from the server 2, such as a command to relocate a region of the screen layout 30, a command to change the refresh rate for a region of the layout 30 of screen, or a command to exit. Upon receipt of a command from the server 2, the client device 7 proceeds to the decision state 90, and determines whether or not the received command is in the decision state 88 is a command to exit or not. If, although it is in the decision state 90, the command received although it is in the decision state 88 is determined to be a command to exit, the client device 7 continues to state 98, and stops the execution of the application and restart The client device 7 can also communicate the status or other information to the server 2, and / or can receive similar communications from the server 2. If, although it is in the decision state 90, the command received from the server 2 even though it is in the decision state 88 is determined to be or not a command to exit, client device 7 proceeds back to state 86. If, although it is in decision state 88, a command from server 2 is not received, device 7 of The client advances to the decision state 92, in which the client device 7 searches for a user command, such as a command to stop updating a region of the screen layout 30, or a command to exit. If, although it is in the decision state 92, the client device 7 does not receive command from the user, the client device 7 returns to the decision state 88. If, although it is in the decision state 92, a user command is received, the client device 7 proceeds to the decision state 94, in which the client device 7 determines whether the command received in the decision state 92 is a command or not to exit. If, although it is in the decision state 94, the received user's command even though it is in the decision state 92 is not a command to exit, the client device 7 comes from the decision state 94 to the state 96. In the state 96 , the client device 7 sends the received user command to the server 2 even though it is in the state 92, such as a command to stop updating a region of the screen layout 30, after it returns to the decision state 88. If, although it is in decision state 94, the received user's command even though it is in decision state 92 is determined to be a command to exit, client device 7 continues to state 98, and stops execution of the application . The client device 7 may also communicate the status or other information to the server 2, and / or may receive such similar communications from the server 2. Figure 9 illustrates a control process by which the server 2 sends video data to the device 7 of customer. The server 2 sends control information and video data to the client device 7 for deployment. Depending on the modality, the states in Figure 9 can be removed, added, or rearranged. Starting at state 124 server 2, in mode (1), awaits a data request via network 3 from client device 7, and alternatively, in mode (2), server 2 sends video data without wait for a data request from the client device 7. The two modes encompass scenarios in which the server 2 or the client device 7 can initiate requests for video data to be sent from the server 2 to the client device 7. The server 2 continues to the decision state 128, in which a determination is made as to whether a response from the client device 7 has been received or not indicating that the client device 7 is ready (indication signal list). If, although it is in the state 128, a ready indication signal is not received, the server 2 remains in the decision state 128 until a ready indication signal is received. Once a ready signal is received, server 2 proceeds to state 126, in which server 2 sends control data to client device 7. The control data may be propagated from the server 2, or may be downloaded to the memory of the client device 7 for later access. The control data may segment the screen arrangement 30 into regions of arbitrary size and shape, and may define video data characteristics, such as refresh rate or interlaced format for a particular region or all regions. The control data can cause the regions to open or close or reopen. Continuing to state 130, server 2 sends the video data. The video data may be propagated from the server 2, or may be downloaded to the memory of the client device 7 for later access. Video data can include moving images, or still images, images with text or images. The video data can also have several compression encodings, and be interlaced or progressively scanned, and have varying and varying refresh rates. Each region can receive video data with features, such as refresh rate or compression encoding, specific only to that region. The server 2 proceeds to the decision state 132, in which the server 2 searches for a user command, such as a command to stop updating a region of the screen layout 30 to increase the refresh rate, or a command to get out. If, although it is in decision state 132, server 2 receives a command from the user, "server 2 advances to state 134. In state 134, server 2 executes the command received from the user in state 132, and then proceeds to the decision state 138. If, although it is in the decision state 132, the server 2 does not receive any command from the user, the server 2 advances to the decision state 138. In the state 138, the server 2 determines if it needs or not an action by the client device 7, such as an action to receive and store video data that is subsequently deployed, to increase the speed of data transfer, or to wait for the next set of video data that is in interlaced format Yes, although it is in the decision state 138, the server 2 determines that an action by the client is needed, the server 2 advances to the state 140, in which the server 2 sends a command to the client device 7 to take theaction, after the server 2 then proceeds to the state 130. If, although it is in the decision state 138, the server 2 determines that an action by the client is not needed, the server 2 advances to the decision state 142. Continuing in the decision state 142, the server 2 determines whether or not to end the data transfer. Yes, although it is in decision state 142, server 2 determines not to complete the data transfer, server 2 returns to state 130. If, although it is in decision state 142, server 2 determines to complete the data transfer, server 2 proceeds to state 144, in which server 2 completes the data transfer, and send an exit message to the client. The server 2 may also communicate the status or other information to the client device 7, and / or may receive similar communications from the client device 7. Because bistable displays, as most flat panel displays do, consume much of their energy during frame updating, it is desirable to be able to control how often a bistable display is updated in order to save energy. For example, if there is very little change between adjacent frames of a video stream, the screen arrangement can be refreshed at least frequently with little or no loss in image quality. As an example, the image quality of typical PC desktop applications, displayed on a screen of interferometric modulators, may not suffer from a slow renewal speed, since the interferometric modulator screen is not susceptible to flicker which may result from the decrease in the refresh rate of most other screens. Thus, during the operation of certain applications, the PC screen system can reduce the refresh rate of bistable display elements, such as interferometric modulators with minimal effect on the performance of the screen. Figure 10 illustrates, in plan view from the perspective of a viewer, a modality of a screen 200 of interferometric modulators, which in this mode has been divided into a first field 202, a second field 204, and a third field 206 In these embodiments, the different fields of the screen 200 of interferometric modulators, such as the first, second and third fields 202, 204, 206, can be treated in a separate and different way with respect to updating images displayed in different fields 202, 204, 206 depending on the nature of the images displayed in the respective fields 202, 204, 206. In some embodiments, an input device configured to receive a user selection, and the excitation circuit is configured to divide the arrangement based on the selection of the user. For example, in one embodiment, the first field 202 may display a toolbar having multiple icons corresponding to different operational characteristics that can be provided by a device including the display 200 of interferometric modulators. It will be appreciated after a consideration of the description of the various embodiments, that the display 200 of interferometric modulators can be incorporated into a variety of electronic devices including, but not limited to, cell phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), text messaging devices, calculators, measuring devices or portable medical devices, video players, personal computers, and the like. Thus, in one embodiment the first field 202 may portray images corresponding to a toolbar having a plurality of icons which, during use, retain a constant configuration and location with respect to the screen 200 of interferometric modulators, except perhaps a change of the coloring or illumination of a particular icon in the first field 202 with the selection of the corresponding function. Thus, images displayed in the first field 202 of the screen 200 of interferometric modulators, typically may require relatively infrequent updating or no update in particular applications. In some embodiments, the driver circuit is further configured to renew at least one of the fields at a rate proportional to the frame data rate. In some embodiments, the driver circuit is configured to receive frame data, and to renew one or more fields only upon receipt of the frame data. A second field 204 may correspond to a region of the screen 200 of interferometric modulators that display images that have significantly different update demands than the images portrayed in the first field 202. For example, the second field 204 may correspond to a series of images of video that are portrayed on the screen 200 of interferometric modulators that indicate a much higher refresh rate, such as approximately 15 Hz corresponding to a video stream. Thus, the update requirements for images portrayed in the first field 202 may be of an infrequent periodic nature, such as substantially no update during use if the image is constant or relatively infrequent aperiodic updating when, for example, a user selects an icon for activating a corresponding operational characteristic of a device incorporating the 200 screen of interferometric modulators. However, the update requirements for images in the second field 204 may be of a generally periodic nature corresponding to the periodic frame of the video data displayed in the second field 204. However, the update of images displayed in the second field 204 can be easily carried out in an asynchronous manner with respect to updates provided for images in the first field 202. In addition, in some embodiments the fields can be overlaid, that is, one field is designed as being on top of the other field. and covers the superimposed portion of the underlying field so that an interferometric modulator can be included in two or more fields. For example, where the screen 200 is divided into a first field and a second field, a first plurality of interferometric modulators can correspond to the first field and a second plurality of interferometric modulators can correspond to the second field, one or more interferometric modulators of the first one. A plurality of interferometric modulators can also be an interferometric modulator of the second plurality of interferometric modulators. In such embodiments, the interferometric modulator that is included in both fields is renewed with the first plurality of interferometric modulators during a first renewal cycle and is renewed with the second plurality of interferometric modulators during a second renewal cycle. One or more of the fields can be divided into any shape, for example, a square, circle, or a polygon. The images displayed in the third field 206 may still have other update requirements different from those of either the first field 202 or the second field 204. For example, in one embodiment, the data displayed in a third field 206 may comprise text, such as email or news content that a reader / user of the device may periodically scroll indicating a corresponding period of frequent updating of the images in the third field 206 However, this third field 206 can typically spend extended periods with the image relatively constant when the user reads the information displayed in this way indicating periods of no update. Thus, the display 200 of interferometric modulators can withstand update characteristics that significantly vary with time, such as periods of substantially no update even though the displayed image is static and the refresh rate relatively high when the image is changing. It will also be appreciated that the updating of the images displayed in the third field 206 may also be performed in an asynchronous manner with respect to the update of data in the first and second fields 202, 204. In certain embodiments, the display 200 of interferometric modulators also It can provide different update schemes in addition to different refresh rates, which can also reduce the power consumption. For example, the first field 202 may be updated in a manner similar to the progressive scan type driving schemes. The second field 204 may be driven with waveforms similar to those used for the first field 202, however, instead of writing each row during each renewal cycle, each other row may be written in an interlaced manner. In another embodiment, the third field 206 may be updated on a per-pixel basis, for example, updating only pixels in the image that have changed although there is no renewal or update of the others, thus limiting the update for those pixels that change the states. This modality can be used advantageously when successive data frames show a relatively high degree of picture-to-frame correlation. Figure 11 is a high-level flow chart of a mode in which such a system can exploit the advantages of operational features provided by the display 200 of interferometric modulators. Note that the process illustrated in Figure 11 comprises the state 86 in the process described in Figure 8. In the illustrated process, a client device 7 receives video data content from a server 2, defines fields within the screen 200 of interferometric modulators, so that a portion of the data will be displayed in a corresponding field, establishes or associates a refresh rate with each field based on the data or some other predetermined criteria, and displays the video data in the corresponding fields of screen 200. Depending on the modality, additional states can be added, others can be removed, and the order of the states is readjusted. The process 300 begins with a trigger event for the client device 7 to receive data from the server 2. The trigger event may be initiated by a user, or by a signal from the server directly or indirectly via the client device 7. In the process 300, in the state 304, the client device 7 is connected to the server 2. Although it is connected to the server 2, there may be a change of information between the client device 7 and the server 2, which may include information of the client. identification on the client device 7, include display capabilities of the client device 7. After the client device 7 and the server 2 are connected, the process 300 continues to the state 306 where the client device 7 checks to see if it received the division and the refresh rate information. If you did not receive it, process 300 continues to state 322 where it has a time delay, and then cycles back to state 306. If the client device 7 received the refresh rate information and division, process 300 proceeds to state 308 and splits the screen 200 based on the division data. It will be appreciated that the division of data into one or more screen fields can occur locally on the client device as well as from a distance, as provided by server 2. Communications between server 2 and client device 7, which include receiving server commands on client device 7 and sending commands received on the client device (eg, from a user) can be controlled as shown in Figure 8. It will also be appreciated that division of state 308 can occur in the dynamic base in one that varies with time so that, for example, during some periods, the display of data communicated through the network 3 between the server 2 and the client device 7 can occur without division, for example, in a only screen field, and in yet other periods it is divided into a plurality of different screen fields that depend on the nature of the data that is transmitted at any given time. Process 300 continues to state 310 and establishes the refresh rate for each division. Process 300 continues to state 312 where it sends a signal to server 2 indicating that it is ready to receive video data. The server 2 sends video data to the client device 7 in response to receiving its disposition signal. The process 300 continues to the state 314 and the client device 7 receives video data from the server 2. The handling of the received video data is shown in Figure 12 with the reference to the starting point in "C" in the state 314 The process 300 continues to state 316 and checks to see if the client device 7 received a signal indicating if it was released from server 2. If it did receive a release signal, process 300 continues to state 318 where its session ends connected to server 2 and set the default parameters, as appropriate. If a release signal was not received, process 300 continues to state 320, where it experiences a time delay in state 320 and then returns to state 306. Figure 12 is a high-level flow chart of a mode of a process 400 for dividing a screen into one or more display fields and updating each of one or more display fields at a corresponding appropriate update rate. Figure 12 illustrates certain states that occur in one mode with respect to state 314 of Figure 11. Depending on the mode, additional states may be added, others removed, and the order of states rearranged. The process 400 starts at state 402 where the client device 7 receives the video data. Process 400 continues to state 404 and identifies the video data to be displayed in two or more divided fields of the screen. After division of the state 404, the video content is displayed on the screen 200 of interferometric modulators of the client device 7 in the state 406, where the divided video data is displayed in a corresponding divided field of the screen 200, and each of one or more fields can be updated at an associated refresh rate. The refresh rate can be set using information received from server 2, or it can be set and changed dynamically based on the content of the video data (for example, based on whether the displayed image is changing fast or slow), or based on a user input In one embodiment, server 2 defines the location, size, geometry, and refresh rate for each of the fields. In addition, the server 2 can identify the video data transmitted to the client device 7 that is to be displayed in a particular field. These modalities efficiently use available resources although they maintain a high quality of the images displayed on the screen 200 of interferometric modulators. For example, in one embodiment, a server 2 can provide a text file to the client device 7 via the network 3. Upon receipt of the text file, the client device 7 can divide the text data into one or more fields 202, 204, 206 of the display 200. However, once the data is displayed in the interferometric modulator device 200, no further update is required until the video data displayed in one or more divisions 202, 204, 206 change. If the text file data comprises a relatively brief e-mail message, the entire e-mail message can be portrayed in one or more fields of the screen 200 of interferometric modulators and until the displayed image changes, such as by the user it is deployed through a more extensive email message, switching the operating modes of the client device 7, or other conditions indicating a change in the displayed information, neither the server 2 nor the client device 7 needs to renew the image . This offers the important advantage that available battery and processing capacity in the client device 7 is not significantly consumed simply by maintaining a static image displayed on the display 200 of interferometric modulators. Similarly, the available broadband transmission capacity and capacity of the server 2 can be used more efficiently by exploiting the features provided by the displays 200 of interferometric modulators. For example, in certain embodiments, server 2 has established that it is in communication via network 3 with a client device 7 having a display 200 of interferometric modulators. The division of data displayed from state 404 in this way can take place in server 2, also known as an input terminal in certain applications. In this way, the server 2 can provide data to the client device 7 in a divided form that can be dynamically adjusted to the needs of each of the plurality of the client device 7. For example, the data provided by the server 2 can be provided to a client device 7 at a first refresh rate which can be relatively low and still substantially zero for certain periods of time, saving the broadband and processing capacity of the server 2 to provide data via other links to other client devices at second higher update rates that correspond to different requirements of the data that is provided to the other client devices. Several embodiments provide unique operational features of the interferometric modulator screens 200 to provide the ability to divide a screen into one or more fields 202, 204, 206, each having its own defined refresh rate. One or more refresh rates may be at substantially zero speed, for example, no update for at least limited periods of time. An additional embodiment comprises a dynamic data screen system that includes a server 2 in communication with one or more client devices 7 wherein, the features from the client devices 7 are communicated to the server 2 and where the data provided to each one of the client devices 7 is formatted differently according to the characteristics of each of the client devices.

For example, the refresh rate may depend on the type of data that is displayed. In some modalities, the frames of a video stream are skipped, based on a programmable "frame jump count". For example, in some embodiments, the layout driver 22 may be programmed to skip a number of renovations that are available with the screen layout 30. In one embodiment, a register in the disposition driver 22 stores a value, such as 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc., which represents a frame jump count. The arranging booster 22 can then access this register in order to determine the frequency for renewing the screen layout 30. For example, the values 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 may indicate that the controller updates each frame, every second frame, every third frame, every fourth frame, every fifth frame, and every sixth frame, respectively. One embodiment of a display 500 is illustrated in Figure 13. The display 500 of Figure 13 can be manufactured in a variety of shapes and sizes. In one embodiment, the screen 500 is generally rectangular, although in other modalities the screen is of a square, hexagonal, octagonal, circular, triangular or other symmetrical or non-symmetrical shape. The 500 screen can be manufactured in a variety of sizes. In one embodiment, one side of the display 500 is less than about 1.27 cm (0.5 inches), about 2.54 cm (1 inch), about 25.40 cm (10 inches), about 254 cm (100 inches), or more than 254 cm (more than 100 inches) long. In one embodiment, the length of one side of the screen 500 is between approximately 1.27 cm (0.5 inches) and 8.89 cm (3.5 inches) in length. The screen 500 can be divided into divisions 502 and 504 that depend on the content of what is displayed therein. By dividing the screens, different screen divisions are able to display different content and are capable of being renewed or updated at different speeds. For example, only those divisions of the 500 screen that require updating or renewal can be updated or renewed. With reference to Figure 13, the first division 502 displays an image that does not require updating or renewing as frequently as the second division 504. For example, the first division 502 displays a still image (as shown), although the second division 504 deploy a stock market punching belt (as shown), video in motion, or a watch. In one embodiment, a display 500 includes two divisions, although in other embodiments, the display 500 includes more than two divisions. For example, the display 500 may include three, four, eight, 32, or 256 divisions. In one embodiment, the display 500 includes a relatively low refresh rate division and a relatively high refresh rate division. The relative size and position of the divisions of the display 500 may be fixed or may change depending on the content displayed on the display 500. In one embodiment, the ratio of the surface area of the first division 502 to the second division 504 is from about 90:10, about 75:25, about 50:50, about 25:75, or about 10:90. In one embodiment, the commands or control messages are received by the client device 7 from the server 2 (not shown), and these commands or control messages determine the manner in which the display 500 divides itself, and the speed at which the content of the divisions is updated or renewed. An example of a message or command provided by the server to establish the division of a display 500 is illustrated in Figure 14. A message 600 provided by the server may include one or more of an identification segment 602, a control request 604. server, a division command 606, a first division refresh rate value 608, a second division refresh rate value 610, frame jump count information 612, format type 614, and node information 616. In one embodiment, the identification segment 602 identifies the type of content that is sent to the client device 7 (not shown). For example, if the content is a telephone call, the telephone number of the caller can be provided. If the content is from a website, an indication of the identity of the website can be provided by the identification segment 602. The server control request 604 is a request from the server for the client to grant server control over its screen and renewal and / or update speeds. The division command 606 includes instructions for the client as to how their screen will be divided (not shown). The division command 606 may include one or more rows or columns of the screen on which the screen is to be divided. The first division refresh rate value 608 indicates the speed at which the content to be displayed in the first division of the screen is to be updated or refreshed and the second division renewal rate value 610 includes the rate at which the Content to be displayed in the second division of the screen is to be updated or renewed. In some embodiments, server message 600 also includes frame jump count information 612, video data format type 614 and / or other information such as node information 616. Frame jump count information 612 can be used to determine whether to display a video data frame, as discussed above. The video data format type 614 can be used by the server 2 to indicate to the client device 7 what type of data is being sent from the server 2. The node information 616 in the message can be used to indicate the device 7 of client the information of the node or network device that refers to the data that is sent from the server 2. It should be observed and discussed in modalities in the following, that the update and division renewal rates specified in server messages or determined based on the local criteria within the client device 7 are not limited to specific, established numerical values. The "speeds" of updates and renewals can be based on criteria of presentation of the data set, trigger events, interruptions, user interaction, and other stimuli. The situation can lead to several events of renovation and update depending on the situation or asynchronous. Figures 15A and 15B are block diagrams of the system illustrating a modality of a screen device 2040. The display device 2040 may be, for example, a cellular or mobile telephone. However, the same components of the screen device 2040 or small variations thereof are also illustrative of various types of display device such as televisions and portable media players. The display device 2040 includes a housing 2041, a display 2030, an antenna 2043, a loudspeaker 2045, an input device 2048, and a microphone 2046. The housing 2041 is generally formed from any of a variety of manufacturing processes as is well known to those skilled in the art, including injection molding, and vacuum forming. In addition, housing 2041 can be formed from any of a variety of materials, including but not limited to plastic, metal, glass, rubber, and ceramic, or a combination thereof. In one embodiment, housing 2041 includes removable portions (not shown) that can be interchanged with other removable portions of different colors, or contain different logos, images, or symbols. The screen 2030 of the exemplary screen device 2040 can be any of a variety of screens, including a bistable screen, as described herein. In other embodiments, the display 2030 includes a flat panel display, such as plasma, EL, OLED, STN LCD, or TFT LCD as described above, or a non-flat panel display such as a CRT or other device. tubular, as is well known to those with experience in the art. However, for purposes of describing the present embodiment, the display 2030 includes a display of interferometric modulators, as described herein. The components of a modality of the exemplary display device 2040 are illustrated schematically in Figure 15B. The exemplary display device 2040 illustrated includes a housing 2041 and may include additional components at least partially enclosed therein. For example, in one embodiment, the exemplary display device 2040 includes a network interface 2027 that includes an antenna 2043 which is coupled to a transceiver 2047. Transceiver 2047 is connected to processor 2021, which is connected to hardware 2052 of conditioning. The conditioning hardware 2052 can be configured to condition a signal (e.g., filter a signal). The conditioning hardware 2052 is connected to a loudspeaker 2045 and a microphone 2046. The processor 2021 is also connected to an input device 2048 and a driver 2029. The driver 2029 is coupled to a temporary frame buffer 2028 and to the drive driver 2022, which in turn is coupled to a screen array 2030. A 2050 power supply provides power to all components as required by the design of the particular exemplary display device 2040. The network interface 2027 includes the antenna 2043 and the transceiver 2047 so that the exemplary display device 2040 can communicate with one or more devices in a network. In one embodiment, network interface 2027 may also have certain processing capabilities to relieve the requirements of processor 2021. Antenna 2043 is any antenna known to those of skill in the art to transmit and receive signals. In one embodiment, the antenna transmits and receives RF signals in accordance with IEEE 802.11, which includes IEEE 802.11 (a), (b), or (g). In another embodiment, the antenna transmits and receives RF signals according to the BLUETOOTH standard. In the case of a cellular phone, the antenna is designed to receive CDMA, GSM, AMPS or other known signals that are used to communicate within a wireless cellular telephone network. The transceiver 2047 preprocesses the signals received from the antenna 2043 so that it can be received by and further manipulated by the processor 2021. The transceiver 2047 also processes signals received from the processor 2021 so that they can be transmitted from the exemplary display device 2040 by the antenna 2043. In an alternative embodiment, transceiver 2047 can be replaced by a receiver. In yet another alternative mode, the network interface 2027 can be replaced by an image source, which can store or generate image data to be sent to the processor 2021. For example, the image source can be a digital video disc (DVD ) or a hard disk drive that contains image data, or a software module that generates image data. The processor 2021 generally controls the overall operation of the exemplary display device 2040. The processor 2021 receives the data, such as compressed image data from the network interface 2027 or an image source, and processes the data in raw image data or in a format that is easily processed in raw image data. The processor 2021 then sends the processed data to the driver 2029 or to the frame memory 2028 for storage. Raw data typically refers to information that identifies the characteristics of images in each location within an image. For example, such image features may include color, saturation, and gray scale level. In one embodiment, the processor 2021 includes a microcontroller, CPU, or logic unit for controlling the operation of the exemplary display device 2040. The conditioning hardware 2052 generally includes amplifiers and filters for transmitting signals to the loudspeaker 2045, and for receiving signals from the microphone 2046. The conditioning hardware 2052 may be discrete components within the exemplary display device 2040, or may be incorporated within the 2021 processor or other components. The driver 2029 takes the raw image data generated by the processor 2021 either directly from the processor 2021 or from the frame buffer 2028 and reformats the raw image data appropriately for high-speed transmission to the driver 2022 of provision. Specifically, the driver driver 2029 reformats the raw image data in a data stream having a lattice-like format, so that it has a suitable time order for scanning through the screen arrangement 2030. Then the driver 2029 sends the formatted information to the disposition drive 2022. Although a driver 2029 driver, such as an LCD controller, is often associated with the system processor 2021 as a stand-alone Integrated Circuit (IC), such controllers can be implemented in many ways. They can be interleaved in the processor 2021 as hardware, interleaved in the processor 2021 as the software, or integrated completely in hardware with the disposition drive 2022. Typically, array driver 2022 receives the formatted information from the driver 2029 and reformats the video data into a parallel array of waveforms that is applied many times per second to the hundreds or sometimes thousands of interleaves that come of the matrix of pixels of x and of the screen. In one embodiment, the driver 2029 drive, the drive driver 2022, and screen arrangement 2030 are suitable for any of the types of screens described herein. For example, in one embodiment, the driver 2029 is a conventional display controller or a bistable display controller (e.g., a controller of interferometric modulators). In another embodiment, the disposition driver 2022 is a conventional controller or a bistable display controller (e.g., a display of interferometric modulators). In one embodiment, a driver 2029 is integrated with the drive driver 2022. Such modality is common in highly integrated systems such as cell phones, watches, and other small area displays. In yet another embodiment, screen arrangement 2030 is a typical screen arrangement or bistable screen arrangement (eg, a screen that includes an array of interferometric modulators). The input device 2048 allows a user to control the operation of the exemplary display device 2040. In one embodiment, the input device 2048 includes a keyboard, such as a QWERTY keyboard or a telephone keypad, a button, a switch, a touch-sensitive screen, a pressure sensitive or heat sensitive membrane. In one embodiment, the microphone 2046 is an input device for the exemplary display device 2040. When the microphone 2046 is used to input data to the device, voice commands may be provided by a user to control the operations of the exemplary display device 2040. The 2050 power supply may include a variety of energy storage devices as are well known in the art. For example, in one embodiment, the 2050 power supply is a rechargeable battery, such as a nickel-cadmium battery or a lithium-ion battery. In another modality, the 2050 power supply is a renewable energy source, a condenser, or a solar cell, which includes a solar cell made of plastic, and solar cell paint. In another embodiment, the 2050 power supply is configured to receive power from an electrical outlet. In some implementations, the programmability control resides as described above, in a controller of the control program which can be located in several places in the electronic screen system. In some cases, the control programmability control resides in the disposition drive 2022. Those of skill in the art will recognize that the optimization described above can be implemented in any number of hardware and / or software components and in various configurations. As can be seen in the above, the current description contains several modalities that include those established in the following. A first embodiment includes a screen system, comprising at least one driver circuit configured to provide signals for displaying video data, and a screen comprising an arrangement having a plurality of bistable screen elements, the arrangement is configured to display video data using signals received from the excitation circuit, the arrangement is divided into one or more fields, each field including at least one bistable display element, and the excitation circuit is configured to renew each of one or more fields according to a renewal speed associated with each field. A second embodiment includes a method for displaying data on a screen of a client device, the method comprising dividing a bistable screen of the client device into two or more fields, displaying video data in the two or more fields, and renewing each one. of the two or more fields according to a renewal speed that is associated with each of the two or more fields. A third embodiment includes a communication system for server-based control of a screen of a client device, comprising a communications network, a client device comprising a bistable display having a plurality of bistable display elements, client device is configured to transmit screen information on the communication network, and a server configured to define one or more fields of the bistable screen, where the field having an associated refresh rate, and the server also configured to transmit data of video to the client device over the communications network, based on the screen information, wherein the client device is further configured to receive video data from the server, to display the video data in one or more fields of the screen, and to update each field using the associated renewal information. A fourth embodiment includes a data display system, comprising a content server, and a client device in data communication with the content server, the client device comprises a bistable display that can be configured to display data in one. or more fields, each field being associated with at least one bistable screen element, wherein each field of the bistable screen can be renewed at its own refresh rate. A fifth embodiment includes a data screen system, comprising: a content server configured to provide video data; and a client device in data communication with the content server, the client device comprises a bistable display which can be configured to display data in one or more fields, each field being associated with at least one bistable display element, where each field of the flip-flop screen can be renewed at its own refresh rate. A sixth embodiment includes a display system comprising means for providing image data signals. The screen system further comprises means for dividing a screen arrangement comprising a plurality of bistable screen elements in one or more fields, each field including at least one bistable screen element. A seventh embodiment includes a display system, comprising: means for providing image data signals; means for displaying images using the image data signals comprising an arrangement having a plurality of bistable display elements; and means for dividing the arrangement into one or more fields, each field includes at least one bistable display element, wherein the means for providing image data signals is configured to renew each of one or more fields in accordance with a renewal speed associated with each field. An eighth embodiment includes a method for displaying data on a screen of a device, the method comprising: dividing a bistable screen of the device into one or more fields; display video data from one or more fields; and renew each of one or more fields according to a renewal speed that is associated with each of one or more fields. A ninth embodiment includes a method for manufacturing a display system, comprising: connecting at least one excitation circuit configured to provide signals for displaying video data on a display comprising an arrangement having a plurality of bistable display elements; configuring the arrangement for displaying video data using signals received from the excitation circuit and for dividing into one or more fields, each field including at least one bistable display element; and configuring the excitation circuit to renew each of one or more fields according to a refresh rate associated with each field. A tenth embodiment includes a display system manufactured by a process comprising connecting at least one excitation circuit configured to provide signals for displaying video data on a screen comprising an arrangement having a plurality of bistable display elements; configuring the arrangement for displaying video data using signals received from the excitation circuit and for dividing into one or more fields, each field including at least one bistable display element; and configuring the excitation circuit to renew each of one or more fields according to a refresh rate associated with each field. An eleventh embodiment includes a display system, comprising means for providing image data signals; means for dividing a screen arrangement comprising a plurality of bistable screen elements in one or more fields, each field including at least one bistable screen element; and means for displaying the image using the image data signals, wherein each of one or more fields is renewed according to a refresh rate associated with each field. Although the above detailed description has shown, described, and pointed out novel features as applied to various modalities, it will be understood that various omissions, substitutions, and changes in the form and details of the illustrated device or process can be made by those skilled in the art without depart from the spirit of invention. As will be recognized, the present invention may be represented in a form that does not provide all the features and benefits set forth herein, since some features may be used or practiced separately from others.

Claims (48)

1. NOVELTY OF THE INVENTION Having described the present invention, it is considered as a novelty and therefore the property described in the following claims is claimed as property. CLAIMS 1. A screen system, characterized in that it comprises: means for providing image data signals; means for displaying images using the image data signals; and means for dividing the deployment means into one or more fields, wherein the provided means is configured to renew each of one or more fields according to a refresh rate associated with each field. The display system according to claim 1, characterized in that the provided means comprises at least one excitation circuit configured to provide signals for displaying video data. The screen system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the deployment means comprises an arrangement having a plurality of bistable elements. The display system according to claim 3, characterized in that each of one or more fields includes at least one of bistable display elements. The display system according to claims 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that the dividing means comprises at least one excitation circuit configured to provide signals for displaying video data. The screen system according to claim 3, characterized in that the bistable screen elements comprise an interferometric modulator comprising two reflective layers movable with respect to each other and separated by a space defining an interferometric cavity. The screen system according to claim 3, characterized in that the bistable elements are configured to maintain a selected optical state without renewal. The screen system according to claim 1, characterized in that the deployment means are configured to persistently display an image without renewal. The screen system according to claim 1, characterized in that the provided means is further configured to renew at least one of the fields at a rate proportional to a frame data rate. The screen system according to claim 1, characterized in that the additionally provided means is configured to renew at least one of the fields based on only one frame data rate. The screen system according to claim 1, characterized in that the refresh rate of at least one of the fields is substantially zero. The screen system according to claim 1, characterized in that the additionally provided means is configured to receive frame data, and to renew one or more fields with the reception of only the frame data. The screen system according to claim 1, characterized in that the provided means is configured to divide the deployment means. The display system according to claim 1, further characterized in that it comprises means for entering configured to receive a user selection, wherein the provided means is configured to divide the deployment means based on the user selection. The display system according to claim 1, further characterized in that it comprises: a server in communication with the display system, wherein the provided means is configured to divide the deployment means based on the instructions of the server. The screen system according to claim 3, characterized in that the plurality of bistable display elements comprise interferometric modulators, and wherein one or more fields comprise a first field comprising a first set of interferometric modulators and a second field comprising a second set of interferometric modulators. 17. The screen system according to claim 16, characterized in that at least one interferometric modulator of the first set of interferometric modulators is also an interferometric modulator of the second set of interferometric modulators. The screen system according to claim 17, characterized in that at least one interferometric modulator is renewed with the first set of interferometric modulators during a first renewal cycle and at least one interferometric modulator is renewed with the second set of interferometric modulators during a second renewal cycle. 19. The screen system according to claim 16, characterized in that the first set of interferometric modulators is arranged in the shape of a polygon. The screen system according to claim 1, characterized in that the provided means is configured to receive at least a portion of the image data from a server in communication with the screen system. The screen system according to claim 1, characterized in that the provided means is configured to receive at least a portion of the image data from a process running on the screen system. 22. The screen system according to claim 3, characterized in that a first set of bistable display elements is renewed at a first refresh rate and a second set of bistable display elements is renewed at a second refresh rate . 23. The screen system according to claim 22, characterized in that the second refresh rate is different from the first refresh rate. 24. The display system according to claim 22, characterized in that the second renewal rate is the same as the first renewal rate, and the renewal of the first field starts at a different time from the renewal of the second field. 25. The screen system according to claim 22, characterized in that the first refresh rate is determined based at least in part on a frame rate of the data that is displayed in the first field. 26. The screen system according to claim 22, characterized in that the first refresh rate is predetermined. 27. The screen system according to claim 22, characterized in that the first refresh rate changes with time. The screen system according to claim 1, further characterized in that it comprises: a processor that is in electrical communication with deployment means, the processor is configured to process the image data signals; and a memory device in electrical communication with the processor. 29. The screen system according to claim 28, characterized in that at least one of the provided means and the dividing means comprises a driver circuit configured to send at least one signal to the deployment means. 30. The screen system according to claim 29, further characterized in that it comprises a controller configured to send at least a portion of the image data signals to the provided medium. 31. The screen system according to claim 28, further characterized in that it comprises an image source module configured to send the image data signals to the processor. 32. The screen system according to claim 31, characterized in that the image source module comprises a transceiver. 33. The screen system according to claim 28, further characterized in that it comprises an input device, configured to receive input data and to communicate input data to the processor. 34. A method for displaying data on a screen of a device, the method is characterized in that it comprises: dividing a bistable screen of the device into one or more fields; display image data in one or more fields; and renew each of one or more fields according to a renewal speed that is associated with each of one or more fields. 35. The method according to claim 34, characterized in that the bistable screen comprises an array of interferometric modulators. 36. The method according to claim 34, further characterized in that it comprises receiving at least a portion of the image data in the device from a server. 37. The method according to claim 34, further characterized by comprising updating one or more fields using one or more update schemes. 38. The method according to claim 37, characterized in that at least one or more update schemes are selected using a program associated with the received data. 39. The method according to claim 34, characterized in that the renewal of at least one of one or more fields comprises using a refresh rate that is based on a frame rate of the data that is displayed. 40. The method according to claim 34, further characterized in that it comprises receiving screen information indicating a feature of the screen, and selecting an update scheme using the information on the screen. 41. A method for manufacturing a display system, characterized in that it comprises: connecting at least one excitation circuit configured to provide signals for displaying image data on a screen comprising an arrangement having a plurality of bistable display elements; configuring the arrangement for displaying image data using signals received from the excitation circuit and for dividing into one or more fields, each field including at least one bistable display element; and configuring the excitation circuit to renew each of one or more fields according to a refresh rate associated with each field. 42. The method according to claim 41, characterized in that the bistable display elements comprise interferometric modulators comprising two mobile reflective layers with respect to each other and separated by a space defining an interferometric cavity. 43. The method according to claim 41, characterized in that the bistable display elements are configured to maintain a selected optical state without renewal. 44. The method according to claim 41, characterized in that the excitation circuit is further configured to renew at least one of the fields based on at least one frame data rate. 45. A screen system made by the method according to claim 40. 46. The screen system according to claim 44, characterized in that the bistable screen elements comprise interferometric modulators comprising two reflective layers that move with respect to each other and separated by a space that defines an interferometric cavity. 47. The screen system according to claim 45, characterized in that the bistable elements are configured to maintain a selected optical state without renewal. 48. The screen system according to claim 45, characterized in that the excitation circuit is further configured to renew at least one of the fields based on only one frame data rate.