MXPA05001755A - Mixed metal catalyst additive and method for use in hydrocarbonaceous fuel combustion system - Google Patents

Abstract

A hydrocarbonaceous fuel additive, fuel composition, and method all lower both carbon particulate emissions and improve slag properties in combustion systems including, for instance, utility furnaces and boiler systems. The mixed metal catalyst includes a transition metal-containing compound, an alkali metal compound, and a magnesium-containing compound.

Description

MIXED METALLIC CATALYTIC ADDITIVE AND METHOD FOR USE IN A HYDROCARBON FUEL COMBUSTION SYSTEM FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to a hydrocarbon fuel additive, fuel composition and method, which improves fuel combustion and improves the slag resulting from fuel combustion. Specifically, the additive, the fuel composition and method include the use of the combination of a manganese-containing compound, at least one alkali metal compound and a magnesium-containing compound. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Service furnaces and industrial boiler systems operating with atmospheric burners, like all hydrocarbon fuel combustion systems, are related to the quantity and quality of the emissions resulting from the combustion of the fuel in these systems. . Particle emissions are a by-product of incomplete combustion. This carbon-containing particulate is an emission to the environment, and to solve it, fuel compositions are constantly being moed and combustion methods designed to minimize the amount of particulate emitted into the environment. Other constituents of the emission can form REF: 161788 deposits in various parts of the combustion system, for example, the pipes of wall of tubes of water, tubes economizadores and / or tubes super warmers of the furnaces of service and the systems of burners industrial The deposits, usually referred to as slag, can accumulate and, over time, reduce the efficiency of the combustion system considerably. Metal-containing additives have been used in the fuel formulations to catalyze the burned carbon, and in this way the particulate emissions are reduced, either by inhibiting particulate agglomeration (alkaline metals), improving the oxidation of carbon at peak combustion temperatures by increasing the concentration of hydroxyl radicals (alkaline earth metals) or increasing the rate of catalytic oxidation by reducing the particulate combustion temperature (transition metals ). However, it is recognized that the use of these additives containing specific metals can adversely affect the type and / or amount of slag that can accumulate in a combustion system. In one example, the prior art describes a method for reducing emissions, which includes the use of a mixture of calcium and any of the alkali metals, alkaline earth metals in addition to calcium or mixtures thereof. See U.S. Patent _Do not. 5,919,276. It is also known that the addition of magnesium compounds to fuels prolongs the maintenance time of the combustion turbine when fuel containing ash is burned. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,632,257. However, magnesium has no impact on carbon burned. Therefore, the magnesium compounds positively affect the type and / or amount of slag, but do not contribute to the burning of the carbon. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION A hydrocarbon fuel additive, fuel composition, and method decreases carbon particulate emissions and improves the properties of slag in combustion systems, which include, for example, service ovens and boiler systems. The packaging of the fuel additive, the fuel composition and the method of the present invention combine the benefit of a mixed metal catalyst that improves the combustion of carbon and thus reduces carbon particulate emissions and the benefit of magnesium to improve the formation of slag, for example, in water pipe wall pipes, economizing pipes and super-heated tubes of service furnaces. In an alternative, the additive package contains the compound containing a mixed metal transition metal / alkali metal compound / magnesium-containing compound, in an example having a ratio of about 1/1/3 transition metal / alkali metal / Mg. The additive package herein is manufactured compatible with hydrocarbon fuels commonly used in conjunction with different combustion systems. It is this unique combination of metal catalysts that is able to provide the double benefit of reduced carbon particulate emissions and the improvement of slag properties that result from fuel combustion. In one example, a hydrocarbon fuel additive comprises a transition metal-containing compound, at least one alkali metal compound and a magnesium-containing compound. In another example, a fuel composition comprises a hydrocarbon fuel main component and a minor amount of an additive, the additive comprising a transition metal-containing compound, an alkali metal compound and a magnesium-containing compound. In a further example, a method for improving the combustion of, and slag resulting from the combustion of, a hydrocarbon fuel, comprises the steps of providing a hydrocarbon fuel comprising a compound containing a transition metal, a metal compound alkaline and a compound that contains magnesium; burning the fuel in a combustion system, where the combustion of the fuel causes the formation of slag and the charred coal; wherein the amount of transition metal, alkali metal and magnesium contained in the fuel is in an effective amount to improve fuel combustion or reduce particulate emissions, and improve slag resulting from fuel combustion. The discussion herein refers to a hydrocarbon fuel additive, a fuel composition and a method for improving combustion of, and slag resulting from the combustion of a hydrocarbon fuel. In each case, a constant is the presence of a mixed metal catalyst combination comprising at least one compound containing a transition metal / alkali metal / magnesium-containing compound. In one example, the transition metal-containing compound is an organometallic compound. Examples of organometallic compounds containing a transition metal herein include compounds with functional groups containing stabilizing ligands, such as alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, anhydrides, sulfonates, phosphonates, chelates, phenates, star ethers, naphthenates, carboxylic acids, amides, acetyl acetonates and mixtures thereof. The transition metals of this invention include manganese, iron, cobalt, copper, platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, osmium, iridium, molybdenum, scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, cerium and mixtures thereof. Organometallic compounds containing manganese include manganese tricarbonyl compounds. Such compounds are shown, for example, in US Patent Nos. 4,568,357; 4,674,447; 5,113,803; 5,599,357; 5,944,858 and European Patent No. 466 512 Bl. Suitable compounds of manganese tricarbonyl that can be used include cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, dimethylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, trimethylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, tetramethylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, pentamethylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, ethylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, diethylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, propylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, isopropylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, tert-butylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, octylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, dodecylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, ethylmethylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, indenyl manganese tricarbonyl, and the like, which include mixtures of two or more such compounds. An example are cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl which are liquid at room temperature, such as methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, ethylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, liquid mixtures of cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl and methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, mixtures of methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl and ethylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, etc. The preparation of such compounds is described in the literature, for example, Pat. U.S. No. 2,818,417, the description of which is incorporated herein in its entirety. The alkali metal compounds used herein may include the following: lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium and mixtures thereof. These metals can be combined with the fuel as compounds or salts, for example, of the following acidic substances or mixtures thereof: (1) sulfonic acids, (2) carboxylic acids, (3) alkylphenols, (4) sulfurized alkylphenols and ( 5) organic phosphorus acids characterized in at least one direct carbon to phosphorus bond. The metal salts can be prepared as salts with excess oil-soluble base. The term "over-base" is used to designate metal salts wherein the metal is present in stoichiometrically greater amounts than the organic acid radical. In another example, the compounds or alkali metal salts are insoluble in oil and, for example, they can be dispersions, emulsions, mists, sprayers, pulverized or atomized. In one example, the alkali metal is potassium and the compound is potassium sulfonate, a fuel soluble compound. Examples of the magnesium-containing compounds include the following: magnesium compounds of on-base or neutral derivatives of: (1) sulfonic acids, (2) carboxylic acids, (3) alkylphenols, (4) sulfurized alkylphenols and (5) acids of organic phosphorus characterized in at least one carbon to direct phosphorus bond. In one example, the magnesium-containing compound is magnesium sulfonate, a fuel-soluble compound. The hydrocarbon fuels that benefit from the additive described herein include fuels that produce carbon particulate emissions when they are burned and that also form slag in combustion systems once they have been burned. These fuels include, for example, diesel fuel, fuel oils No. 1, No. 2, No. 4, No. 5 and No. 6, combinations thereof and other fuels commonly used in service systems and industrial burners. Other examples of fuels suitable for use in the operation of the combustion units described herein include hydrocarbon fuels, such as, but not limited to, diesel fuel, fuel for combustion turbines, alcohols, ethers, kerosene, low sulfur fuels, synthetic fuels, such as Fischer-Tropsch fuels, liquid petroleum gas, coal coal derived fuels, genetically engineered biofuels and crops and extracts thereof, natural gas, propane, butane, engine gasoline charged and aviation and so-called reformulated gasolines typically containing both hydrocarbons from the boiling range of gasoline, and oxygen-soluble mixed fuel-soluble agents, such as alcohols, ethers and other suitable oxygen-containing organic compounds. Other fuels that may be useful include gasoline, charcoal fuel, coal (dust or suspension), crude oil, refinery "funds" and by-products, crude oil extracts, hazardous waste, de-shredding of parts and residues, wood chips and sawdust from saws, agricultural residues, fodder, silage, plastics and other organic waste and / or by-products and mixtures thereof, and emulsions, suspensions and dispersions thereof in water, alcohol or other transporting fluids. By "diesel fuel" is meant one or more fuels selected from the group consisting of diesel fuel, biodiesel, fuel derived from biodiesel, synthetic diesel and mixtures thereof. Other components may be included within the additives and / or fuel compositions described herein, provided that they do not adversely affect the amount or formation of slag otherwise obtained herein. Thus, one or more such components may be used as corrosion inhibitors, antioxidants, anti-mildew agents, detergents and dispersants, fuel lubricant additives, demulsifiers, colorants, inert diluents, cold flow improvers, conductivity agents, metal deactivators, stabilizers, antifoam additives, deicers, biocides, odorants, slag reducers, combustion improvers, oxygenates and similar materials. The combustion systems that may benefit the additives the fuel compositions herein include any system that, as a result of combustion of a hydrocarbon fuel, has emissions of carbon particulate matter and that includes the components in which the slag can accumulate or form. Water pipe wall pipes, economizer pipes, and super-heated service and industrial furnace tubes are common sites where slag can accumulate. By "combustion system" herein is meant any and all external combustion devices, machines, boilers, incinerators, evaporative burners, plasma burner systems, plasma arc, stationary burners and the like which can burn, or in those that can be burned, a hydrocarbon fuel. The combustion units further include any and all burners or combustion devices, which include, but are not limited to, stationary burners, waste incinerators, diesel fuel burners, gasoline fuel burners, power plant generators, furnaces of power plants and similar. Hydrocarbon fuel combustion systems include all combustion units, systems, devices and / or engines that burn or decompose oxidizing to hydrocarbon fuels. Examples of the treatment rates of the mixed metal compounds described herein include any of the treatment rates that improve particulate emissions and improve the quality of the slag resulting from fuel combustion. For purposes of the present, the term "improve" or "improve" means that the additive, fuel composition or method will have lower particulate emissions and more favorable slag qualities (less accumulation, easier cleaning, less dense, less rigid, less adhesive, more dusty, etc.), than additives, fuel compositions and methods that do not include the mixed metal catalyst described herein. In one example, the compound containing the transition metal is included in an additive package or a fuel composition in an amount sufficient to deliver about 0.1 to 40 ppm of the manganese metal to the fuel composition. In another example, the fuel-soluble alkali metal is included in an additive or in a fuel composition in an amount sufficient to supply 0.1 to 40 ppm of alkali metal to the fuel composition. And in a further example, the amount of magnesium-containing compound that modifies the slag is included in an additive or a fuel composition in an amount sufficient to supply from about 0.3 to 600 ppm of magnesium metal to the fuel composition. In another example, the amount of magnesium is from 20 to 60 ppm in the fuel composition. The ratio or mass ratio of the three metal components is, in one example, about 1/1/3 of manganese / alkali metal / magnesium containing compound. In other examples, the ratio can vary from l / l / l to l / 2 / l to 1/1 / 15.5. Example The above result illustrates the effectiveness of mixed metal catalysts in lowering the carbon combustion temperature, thereby reducing carbon particulate emissions. Table 1: Performance of single metal catalysts against metals mixed in the Carbon Combustion.

The carbon combustion tests were carried out by TGA on graphite samples treated with the respective metallic additive or additive combination. The treatment was by incipient impregnation of the additive of the water-soluble metal salts in the graphite. Graphite was chosen as the carbon particulate substitute due to its difficulty in burning. Therefore, it serves as a good carbon substrate on which to compare different combustion catalysts. In addition, the combustion temperatures in Table 1 should be considered as very conservative, and the temperatures that would be observed in real life with particulate combustion containing real carbon would be even lower. The results in Table 1 show the advantage with respect to carbon particulate emissions to use blended metal catalysts on their simple metal components. This is because in the mixed metals, each metal acts on the carbon in different temperature regimes and the improved benefit is due to the metal acting in the first temperature regime that conditions the particulate to a more efficient reaction with the second metal . For example, in the case of the mixed metal catalyst system of Mn / K, K interacts with the soot in the high temperature regime as it forms and remains dispersed in the fuel / oxidant air charge. As the temperature begins to fall from the peak, Mn becomes the dominant oxidation catalyst that interacts with this deposit of high surface area, and that lowers the combustion temperature, thus catalyzing oxidation at lower temperatures. If the K did not interact with the soot before being added to larger particle sizes, then the surface area exposed to the oxidation of Mn would be greatly diminished, thereby decreasing the efficiency of the Mn catalyst. The aforementioned mixed metal catalyst systems do not provide improvement of the slag modification. Some metals, such as magnesium, do not participate in the chemical reactions of particulate burning, but it is known that instead of being efficient slag modifiers, they result in a more friable slag that is more easily removed from a combustion system. When a fuel is formulated so that both of the above characteristics are incorporated - reduction in carbon combustion temperature and slag modification - then one can have a fuel composition that simultaneously decreases particulate emissions containing carbon and also modifies and improves the slag that results from the combustion of this fuel in service and industrial furnaces. Thus, according to one embodiment of the present invention, a three-metal combustion catalyst system, mixed with a hydrocarbon fuel, can result in (1) improvement of simultaneous combustion, such as lower emissions of carbon particulate. and (2) generation of slag that is more friable, less adhesive, less dense and reduced in volume or total mass, relative to the fuel combustion slag that lacks the present mixed three metal catalyst system.

A plant test of the combustion unit was carried out in which the fuel oil No. 6 containing 1% sulfur and 50 ppm vanadium was burned in an industrial boiler system. The electric generation and combustion unit was operated at a production speed of 330 MW with a maximum capacity of 385 MW. The experiment lasted one month, time in which the quality of the slag and particulate emissions were observed. A blended catalyst system containing manganese and magnesium in a weight ratio of about one to three was injected into the fuel combustion unit of the kettle system. A 39% reduction in carbon particulate emissions was achieved during the test. further, the visual observations of the accumulated slag on the walls of the steam tubes of the kettle showed a surprisingly different character, texture and volume, when compared with the visual observations of the steam tubes of the boiler with fuel slag absence of the present mixed metal catalyst. Visual observation of the wall of water pipes in fuel oil number 6 burned in the service oven without the magnesium additive showed heavy glass-like slag with ends like inverted tear as a result of gravity-induced flow. The spaces between the tubes through which the combustion gases are supposed to flow were highly restricted by the slag deposit. When the service oven unit was operated with the fuel containing a mixed metal additive package comprising a manganese-containing compound and a magnesium-containing compound, the slag appeared dry, more friable and less glass-like. The spaces of the flow of combustion gas between the wall of the water pipes were much more restricted. Magnesium had clearly modified the slag by increasing its melting temperature above that of the furnace surface environment. As a result, most of the particulates in the combustion gas solidify before reaching the surfaces. Some of the particulate reaches the still molten surface and serves as a substrate to keep the particulate from combustion assembled modified with unmelted magnesium. In this manner the upstream ends of the slag are composed of a main portion of solid particulate coupled to a smaller portion of molten material. This leaves gaps between the bonded solid particulate which gives the resulting slag a friable property. More specifically, the generated slag appears softer, like drops of candle wax, freer and of reduced volume or mass. This change in appearance and improvement in properties is the result of the inclusion of magnesium in a manganese-containing catalyst system previously designed for the improvement of combustion and particulate reduction. The invention relates to the further inclusion of an alkali metal combustion improver to this catalyst system containing magnesium and containing a transition metal. It will be understood that the reagents and components referred to by the chemical name in any part of the specification or claims thereof, whether referenced in singular or plural, are identified as they exist before coming into contact with another substance referred to by the name chemical or by chemical type (for example, base fuel, solvent, etc.). It does not matter what changes, transformations and / or chemical reactions, if any, are carried out in the resulting mixture or solution or reaction medium, since such changes, transformations and / or reactions are the natural result of gathering the reactants and / or components specified under the conditions required to continue with this description. In this way, the reagents and components are identified as ingredients to meet either in the development of a desired chemical reaction (such as the formation of the organometallic compound) or in the formation of a desired composition (such as an additive concentrate or a fuel mixture with additives). It will also be recognized that the additive components can be added or mixed in or with the base fuels individually per se and / or as the components used in the formation of preformed additive combinations and / or sub-combinations. Therefore, although the subsequent claims may refer to substances, components and / or ingredients in the present phrase ("comprises", "is", etc.), the reference is to the substance, components or ingredient, as it exists in the moment just before it was combined or mixed first with one or more other substances, components and / or ingredients according to the present disclosure. The fact that the substance, constituents or ingredient may have lost their original identity through a chemical reaction or transformation during the course of such combined or mixed operations or immediately thereafter, is thus completely immaterial to an understanding and appreciation of this description and the claims thereof. In numerous parts throughout this specification, reference is made to a number of U.S. patents, foreign patent applications and published technical documents. All the aforementioned documents are expressly incorporated in their entirety in this description as if they were fully established therein. This invention is susceptible to considerable variation in its practice. Therefore, the foregoing description is not intended to limit it, and should not be construed as limiting the invention to the particular exemplifications presented above. Rather, what is intended to be covered is as established in the following claims and the equivalents thereof allowed as a matter of law.

The owner of the patent does not intend to dedicate any modalities described to the public, and for such purpose, any modifications or alterations described can not fall literally within the scope of the claims, these are considered to be part of the invention in accordance with the doctrine of equivalents It is noted that in relation to this date, the best method known to the applicant to carry out the aforementioned invention, is that which is clear from the present description of the invention.

Claims (40)

1. CLAIMS Having described the invention as above, the content of the following claims is claimed as property: 1. A hydrocarbon fuel additive for a fuel composition, characterized in that it comprises: a compound containing a transition metal; an alkali metal compound; and a compound that contains magnesium.
2. 2. A hydrocarbon fuel additive as described in claim 1, characterized in that the compound containing the transition metal, alkali metal compound and magnesium-containing compound are included in the additive in a ratio of about a part of transition metal, one part of alkali metal and three magnesium parts of the respective metals.
3. 3. The hydrocarbon fuel additive as described according to claim 1, characterized in that the compound containing the transition metal is an organometallic compound.
4. 4. The hydrocarbon fuel additive as described according to claim 3, characterized in that the organometallic compound is a compound with stabilizing ligands containing a functional group selected from the group consisting of alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, anhydrides, sulfonates , phosphonates, chelates, phenates, crown ethers, naphthenates, carboxylic acids, amides, acetyl acetonates and mixtures thereof.
5. 5. The hydrocarbon fuel additive as described according to claim 3, characterized in that the organometallic compound comprises manganese.
6. 6. The hydrocarbon fuel additive as described according to claim 5, characterized in that the manganese-containing compound is selected from the following group: cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, dimethylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, trimethylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, tetramethylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, pentamethylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, ethylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, diethylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarboni1o, propylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, isopropylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, tert-butylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, octilciclopentadienil manganese tricarbonyl, dodecilciclopentadienil manganese tricarbonyl, etilmetilciclopentadienil manganese tricarbonyl, indenyl manganese tricarbonyl, and the like, including mixtures of two or more such compounds.
7. 7. A hydrocarbon fuel additive as described according to claim 1, characterized in that the alkali metal compound contains at least one alkali metal selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, potassium and rubidium.
8. 8. A hydrocarbon fuel additive as described in claim 1, characterized in that the magnesium-containing compound is selected from the group of compounds derived from sulfonic acids, carboxylic acids, alkylphenols, sulfur alkylphenols and organic phosphorus acids and mixtures thereof. thereof.
9. 9. A hydrocarbon fuel additive as described in claim 1, characterized in that the amount of compound containing the transition metal is an amount sufficient to supply approximately 0.1 to 40 ppm of the manganese metal to the fuel composition.
10. 10. A hydrocarbon fuel additive as described in claim 1, characterized in that the amount of the alkali metal compound is an amount sufficient to supply approximately 0.1 to 40 ppm of alkali metal to the fuel composition.
11. 11. A hydrocarbon fuel additive as described according to claim 1, characterized in that the amount of the magnesium-containing compound is an amount sufficient to supply about 0.3 to 500 ppm of the magnesium metal to the fuel composition.
12. 12. A fuel composition comprising a major amount of hydrocarbon fuel and a minor amount of an additive, characterized in that the additive comprises: a compound containing a transition metal; at least one alkali metal compound; and a compound that contains magnesium.
13. 13. A fuel composition as described according to claim 12, characterized in that the compound containing the transition metal, composed of alkali metal and magnesium-containing compound are included in the additive in a ratio of about one part of metal of transition, one part of alkali metal and three magnesium parts of the respective metals.
14. 14. A fuel composition as described according to claim 13, characterized in that the compound containing the transition metal is an organometallic compound.
15. 15. A fuel composition as described according to claim 14, characterized in that the organometallic compound is a compound with a stabilizing ligand containing a functional group selected from the group consisting of alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, anhydrides, sulfonates , phosphonates, chelates, phenates, crown ethers, naphthenates, carboxylic acids, amides, acetyl acetonates and mixtures thereof.
16. 16. A fuel composition as described according to claim 14, characterized in that the organometallic compound comprises manganese.
17. 17. A fuel composition as described in claim 16, characterized in that the manganese-containing compound is selected from the following group: cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, dimethylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, trimethylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, tetramethylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, pentamethylcyclopentadienil manganese tricarbonyl, ethylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, diethylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, propylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, isopropylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, tert-butilciclopentadieni1 manganese tricarbonyl, octilciclopentadienil manganese tricarbonyl, dodecilciclopentadienil manganese tricarbonyl, etilmetilciclopentadienil manganese tricarbonyl, indenyl manganese tricarbonyl, and the like, including mixtures of two or more of such compounds.
18. 18. A fuel composition as described according to claim 12, characterized in that the alkali metal compound contains at least one alkali metal selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, potassium and rubidium.
19. 19. A fuel composition as described according to claim 12, characterized in that the magnesium-containing compound is selected from the group of compounds derived from sulfonic acids, carboxylic acids, alkylphenols, sulfur alkylphenols and organic phosphorus acids and mixtures thereof. the same.
20. 20. A fuel composition as described according to claim 12, characterized in that the amount of compound containing the transition metal is an amount sufficient to supply approximately 0.1 to 20 ppm of the manganese metal to the fuel composition.
21. 21. A fuel composition as described in claim 12, characterized in that the amount of the alkali metal compound is an amount sufficient to deliver about 0.1 to 20 ppm of alkali metal to the fuel composition.
22. 22. A fuel composition as described according to claim 12, characterized in that the amount of magnesium-containing compound is an amount sufficient to supply about 0.3 to 60 ppm of magnesium metal to the fuel composition.
23. 23. A fuel composition as described in claim 12, characterized in that the hydrocarbon fuel is selected from the group consisting of fuel oils No. 5 and No. 6, diesel fuel, fuel for combustion turbines., alcohols, ethers, kerosene, low sulfur fuels, synthetic fuels, liquid petroleum gas, fuels derived from coal, coal dust, coal suspension, biofuels, natural gas, propane, butane, unleaded motor gasoline and aviation, reformulated gasoline, gasoline, coal fuel, crude oil, refinery funds, crude oil extracts, hazardous waste, unsorted parts and waste, wood chips and sawdust, fodder, silage, plastics, organic waste and emulsions, suspensions and dispersions thereof in water, alcohol or other carrier fluids and mixtures of one or more of the foregoing.
24. 24. A method for improving the combustion and slag resulting from the combustion of a hydrocarbon fuel composition, characterized in that the method comprises the steps of: providing a hydrocarbon fuel composition comprising a compound containing a transition metal, by at least one alkali metal compound and one magnesium-containing compound; burning the fuel composition in a combustion system, where combustion of the fuel composition causes the formation of slag; wherein the amount of transition metal, alkali metal and magnesium contained in the fuel composition is an amount effective to improve the combustion of the fuel composition and improve the slag resulting from fuel combustion.
25. 25. The method as described in claim 24, characterized in that the compound containing the transition metal, alkali metal compound and magnesium-containing compound are included in the additive in a ratio of about one part manganese, one part of alkali metal and three magnesium parts of the respective metals.
26. 26. The method as described according to claim 24, characterized in that the compound containing the transition metal is an organometallic compound.
27. The method as described according to claim 26, characterized in that the organometallic compound is a compound with a stabilizing ligand containing a functional group selected from the group consisting of alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, anhydrides, sulfonates, phosphonates , chelates, phenates, crown ethers, naphthenates, carboxylic acids, amides, acetyl acetonates and mixtures thereof.
28. 28. The method as described according to claim 26, characterized in that the organometallic compound comprises manganese.
29. The method as described according to claim 28, characterized in that the manganese-containing compound is selected from the following group: cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, dimethylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, - trimethylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, tetramethylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, pentamethylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, ethylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, diethylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, propylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, isopropylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, tert-butylcyclopentadienyl tricarbonyl, octilciclopentadienil manganese tricarbonyl manganese dodecilciclopentadienil manganese tricarbonyl, etilmetilciclopentadienil manganese tricarbonyl, indenyl manganese tricarbonyl, and the like, including mixtures of two or more of such compounds.
30. 30. A method as described according to claim 24, characterized in that the alkali metal compound contains an alkali metal selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, potassium and rubidium.
31. 31. A method as described according to claim 24, characterized in that the magnesium-containing compound is selected from the group of compounds derived from sulfonic acids, carboxylic acids, alkylphenols, sulfur alkylphenols and organic phosphorus acids and mixtures thereof. .
32. 32. A method as described according to claim 24, characterized in that the amount of compound containing the transition metal is an amount sufficient to supply about 0.1 to 40 ppm of the manganese metal to the fuel composition.
33. 33. A method as described according to claim 24, characterized in that the amount of the alkali metal compound is an amount sufficient to supply approximately 0.1 to 40 ppm of alkali metal to the fuel composition.
34. 34. A method as described according to claim 24, characterized in that the amount of magnesium-containing compound is an amount sufficient to supply about 0.3 to 500 ppm of the magnesium metal to the fuel composition.
35. 35. A method as described in accordance with claim 24, characterized in that the slag is improved by being more easily removed.
36. 36. A method as described in accordance with claim 24, characterized in that the slag is improved by being less accumulated.
37. 37. A method as described according to claim 24, characterized in that the slag is improved by being more dusty.
38. 38. A hydrocarbon fuel additive, characterized in that it comprises: a compound containing manganese; an alkali metal compound; and a compound that contains magnesium.
39. 39. A fuel additive as described according to claim 38, characterized in that the manganese-containing compound is methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl.
40. 40. A fuel additive as described according to claim 1, characterized in that the amount of magnesium-containing compound is sufficient to supply about 20 to about 60 ppm of the magnesium metal to the fuel composition.