OAPI patent For andother refer to the nce Notes on Codes appearing at the regular umpf of the PCT with the report of the time limit amending the and in the event receipt amertdments Dute of the internaional 8 April 2004 IMPROVEMENTS IN Y CONCERNING THE GAS EJECTORS AND THE FLOAT SEPARATORS OF THE GAS EYECTOR FIELD OF THE INVENTION this invention is to gas ejectors and to those of a In the oil and water industries a process known as to assist the Oil and other water principle of flotation is that it is in the bubbles of gas or container that which bubbles will adhere in a greater or lesser way to nantes and will be dragged to the surface of the leaving the greater part free water of and the upper layers enriched water With the analyzes, each volume of water added to the gas bubbles to separate the contaminants is called the water. Generally, flotation operates as a process when in the cell there is an influx of contaminated water and a continuous exit of water enriched with co dragged from the layers of the surface of the cell and a continuous of co-entrained water from the cell at a rate to maintain a level in the the contaminants that float to the surface are retained in the foam water that is either naturally formed when the contaminants are present at concentrations higher than those found on the surface of the water or with the help of chemicals that are added to the liquid. It is not necessary for example pollutants to be sparkling to keep them in. The contaminants were removed from the surface of the water by a diversity of the two most common are landfills placed slightly below the surface of the water so that the surface layer 3 enriched with flow over them or the paddles that sweep the surface layer with contaminants over a generally It is also placed slightly above the surface of the surface. It is also known that a diversity of designs of surface water derive devices is the advantage that can tolerate a wider variation of operating fluids than the aforementioned methods of landfill. of gas cause the flotation to generate or introduce gas and gas calls. In the gas flotation a flow of generally the free one that is taken out of that of the cell is brought into contact with the gas at a pressure so that the gas in an amount exceeding that which could saturate the water to the pressure the flotation cell dissolves in the At that moment the flow in the cell is re-introduced reducing its pressure of the point its in the After the 4th of Overlapped with the excess gas comes out of the solution in from This generation method produces relatively typically 50 to 70 microns of which and so be designed so that turbulence and and slow speeds of not being inhibited. It is also important that the gas bubbles are evenly distributed through the contaminated water to maximize what is or because intentionally turbulence is minimized and the mixture in this it must be achieved with a careful design of the polluted flow path and in which way it contains excess dissolved gas is re-introduced into the In a designed cell an infinity of small bubbles are very effective in separating the turbulence and mixing minimum results in having a minimum mixture and therefore that of liquids through which the bubbles pass through so that a high elimination efficiency can be achieved in a single cell. In the case of pressurized gas, the gs is sent to the water by mechanical means or and the resulting proc are called mechanical flotation of gas under pressure or hydraulic flotation of gas to respectivament To provide bubbles d gas is the gas to be inserted mixer in the cell and is formed a vortex over which the gas is sent the impeller of the gas is fragmented into bubbles and expelled from the mixer in a radial direction together with which it also pumps the bubbles. The bubbles are distributed through the liquid in the cell by The rapid circulation of the To provide gas bubbles in hydraulic flotation of gas to the cell is taken from a flow of generally contaminant-free water that was taken from the outlet of the pressurized by a pump and then to the through a ejector that gas to The cell usually has plates of introduction or similar devices to which flows for flow of return and gas bubbles that As with the single flotation of gas a is necessary to distribute the bu mujas in liquid The mixing is done by the impulse of the return flow and because the bubbles that can not be distributed there is also a gas lift in the concentration regions or mix Both the mechanical means and produce bubbles that are li is may is that which produces the flotation of dissolved g and both processes have a mix tante in the determined of when increasing the size of the bubble reduces the efficiency of the elimination of due that causes there to be fewer spark plugs residing in the liquid during a minor due to its faster speed of the mixture and the size of the bubble to have an efficiency of contaminants in the cell than by 7 therefore much lower than the that is achieved in the gas As flotation processes of gsa pressure a variety of cells 4 to operate in series to provide a necessary efficiency of elimination of the gas flotation processes to a specific production higher than production Gas flotation processes can operate hot water, the solubility of reduced gas water makes a gas flotation process less practical. It is used in wastewater and drinking water treatment where pollutants are agglomerated very much by means of chemical substances before entering. For this, the flotation of gas under pressure is not adequate because the agglomerates are fragile and could be separated with the turbulence that In recent years, it has become very popular with the flotation process for applications in the oil industry. Mar 8 Consists of a cylindrical cell with one to provide bubbles. The predominant application of these cells is to partially eliminate the residual oil that It comes out of the 1 1 iid before discharging it to the large size of the bubble and the inherent degree of mixing the pressure flotation processes mean that these cells do not have a high that is reducing to the world the amount of oil that It is allowed that the water of roduction that is convenient to the efficiency of oil of these a Serla i a benefit To improve the efficiency of contaminants in most of the hydraulic processes of gas flotation under pressure SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The modalities of this invention aim at pressurized gas hydraulics that can produce 9 bubbles finer than the ejectors with and which bubbles of gas from a gas flotation cell under pressure with a minor mixture so as to increase the efficiency of gas elimination According to the first aspect of the present invention, an ejector apparatus for introducing gas bubbles into liquid in a cell is provided. Flotation of the apparatus is composed of a liquid inlet port, the inlet port has an outlet through which the gas inlet is expelled next to the outlet end inlet port to introduce gas into the liquid from a The inlet port of the gas inlet chamber is surrounded by liquid flow when the apparatus is in and a mixture of and a section of injection where it crawls into the liquid before expelling it from the device of ejection in the liquid the mixture of and the injection section have a substantially fluid flow direction transverse to the first direction so that the liquid exits from the injection 10 and that of injection t lme e radially outwardly relative to the prime to lim in with the liquid and can be liquid descon and recycled from the cell of the inner wall of the ejector between the chamber of gas entry and transition of the flow of liquid from the first direction to the curve to the second the curve It provides a smooth change of the gas flow from entering the mixture to the mixing section and dragging it into the liquid before leaving the ejector. The composition in this ejector shell can be molded as an end. open from the inside of a widened campaign whose wall continues in the transverse direction of what would be the outer end of an open end as an element of the inner wall and in the part related to In the shape of the diffusion section at least partially is located the space defined by the element of the upper wall that is next to the input chamber of the element that can have the form of an impact plate for the liquid placed only The mixing and diffusion section can generally be annulled so that the bubbles leave the ejector can emanate radially The impact plate can be connected to the ejector frame by means of a diversity of the bolts are possibly adapted to the flange of the En can be cut at least part of the outside of the output portion of the distance between the output l and the plate do with a radial distance greater than the area of the of impact to which the Alternative is initially directed or at least part of the surface of the plate that is facing the exit portion is cut off in a similar manner. Impact lacquer has a larger diameter than the upper element of the The impact plate can be provided with discontinuities on its surface for the distribution of dissipation of bubbles from the liquid that drags the gas causing it to ape in the There can also be discontinuities by formations high of the plate of as or plates secured to the impact and arranged transversely to the direction of the According to the aspect of the invention a gas pressure separator is provided including one or more gas introduction chambers to make the one that drags the gas in with the contaminated liquid like the water by means of ejectors from where the contaminants in the liquid float towards the surface of the liquid adding bubbles that come out of the liquid dragged by the each ejector a section of and diffusion its st anc ia in the axis of the liquid jo enters the ejector by the channel that goes from the introduction of gas to the mixing section and the s channel ection an inlet portion adjacent to the introduction chamber of an outlet to that of and and a portion located in the inlet portions and the intermediate portion diameter is less than the diameter of the inlet portion and the diameter of the portion of the inlet portion. It is larger diameter of the portion it Shaped the inner wall the channel between the inward and the intermediate frustoconical portion in its shape and can be molded substantially as an open end of a bell Shaped inner wall of the channel section between the intermediate portion and the portion thereof is frusto-conical in shape and may be substantially molded as an open end of an ana The mixing and diffusing section may be located at least partially in a space defined by an outer surface of the portion and an impact plate adapted to the flow of the inlet to the ejector and next to the outlet and can usually be the impact plate. can and separate from the separator by several which can be extended through a flange that from the section of You can cut at least part of the surface of the impact plate that is opposite to that between the exit portion and the and can generally increase the distance between the portion of exit and the impact plate increased the radial distance from the point where the impact plate is located to where the According to the third aspect of the present is provided an apparatus such as an ejector for gas a liquid and the apparatus one or more gas introduction chambers for the gas to come into contact with a cross-flow mixing and diffusion section in the transverse axis of the liquid entering the and a channel section from the gas introduction chamber to the cross section of mixing and the section of the outlet portion channel adjacent to that of and diffusion and an intermediate portion located between the inlet portions and the diameter of the portion is less than that of the inlet portion and diameter. The outlet portion is larger than the diameter of the portion. The ejector includes nozzle component to produce a jet that is generally directed towards this introducer chamber. spreading the apparatus a nozzle to receive a liquid flow entering the ejector and produces a jet of liquid one or more gas introduction chambers to which gas in contact with the or of a section of and diffusion that is substantially transverse to the axis of the flow of and defined between the portion of the ejector and a portion of the frame that is separated from the portion from which the mixing and is generally annular and has an outer diameter that is up to 15 times greater than the diameter of the jet that The portion of the frame that can be to the impact plate disposed transversely to the liquid flow through apparatus will be as small as possible the minimum of the portion of while still allowing space for the gas 17 entering the mixing and diffusing section from the one of 1 minimum diameter of the outlet portion may be 2 times smaller than the diameter of the distance between the The plate can be between 6 times the depth of the liquid in the periphery of an area normally of the pl is equal to the minimum diameter of the portion from where it becomes its tially parallel to the plate. depth of the liquid the circular periphery ox where is the diameter of where the plate comes from to be staid Although it has already been described, it extends to any ingenious combination of the established characteristics or in the following. The ention can be carried out in various ways by means of only the modalities of 18 are now referenced to the diagrams in Figure 1 is tran section through an ejector Figure 2 is a cross-section through an eject d According to a first embodiment of Figure 3 is a view similar to that of Figure 2 but highlighting possible the La 4 is a section through a modality Figures 5 to 8 are graphs that illustrate the results of testing a Figure 9 is a cross section of part of the ejector that is being tested producing the results that are related to the 5 to 8 Figure 10 is a through art of and Figures 11 and 12 are graphs showing the sizes of the bubbles that produce ejectors of Figures 9 and 19 Figure 1 shows a conventional ejector and has an inlet port 1 for water 1 of ada 2 for and a port for the combined flow of gas from which it drags once into the The motor water frame passes through a convergent 4 that pa produces a water jet The 6 passes through a gas inlet chamber 7 where the jet is surrounded by gas that entered the ejector shell through the port gas inlet the jet and gas enter a substantially mixed In the mixing section the motor g it is mixed with the gas so that a fairly uniform mixture enters the section 10 to a fairly high inlet 9 of the mixing section 8 usually has a radius or some other designed to reduce the resistance of the gas entering the section of mixing The section of the injection section 10 is with the diameter of the mixing section 8 at its end s 11 and from the outlet 3 its entrance end The wall of the injection section 10 typically has an angle of 6o to and may have a diameter at its outlet end 2 or 3 times the diameter of its end which will give us a proportion of the areas from the outlet end to the end of a The method with which the ejector works is the motor becomes A high-speed jet in the converging nozzle 4 with part of its energy energy is The motor water and the gas mixture together are joined in the mixing section. The speed of the mixture leaving the preservation principle section. The flow of gas and liquids entering the section of the mixture decelerates in the injection section 10 by converting its energy velocity to pr The area of the cross section at the inlet and outlet end of the diffuser 10 determines how The flow can be used to calculate the maximum theoretical conversion of the velocity and vice versa, which occurs in the motor water nozzle 4 and in the injection section, provided that the appropriate losses are made. Due to the high velocities in the rapid being the energy losses if or not has a design It publishes verified design methods for ejectors that detail those of an improved ejector of with invention shown in the improved figure of the ejector 100 is generally and an inlet port 101 the motor water that goes to an emergency nozzle 104 having an outlet end 105 for a clean liquid jet 106 is the ejector it also has an inlet 102 for the gas entering the gas chamber the axes of the two inlet ports 101 and 102 in the form of their tct between the upper portion of the gas inlet chamber 107 is generally giving 22 to the outlet surface of the nozzle an annular shape of a profile The inner wall of the chamber 107 curves downwards to form an opening that goes to an annular space defi ning a section of injection and mixing of gas The wall 108 goes to opening in section of and y is designed to reduce the resistance of gas entrained to the chamber so that an initially thin layer of gas remains between the liquid and the upper flat surface or wall 110 of the ejector frame 100 and flat impact plate until that of qas and surface 110 and plate 99 together define the mixing section and it is understood that although the flat impact plate 99 is shown in the embodiment described in the invention it is not The liquid jet stream is generally directed to another frame such as the bottom of a flat bottomed vessel or to a mixing and diffusing section extending from a diameter di where the surface 110 is first parallel with the impact plate 99 to a diameter d2 equal to the diameter of the frame When the ejector frame has an outside diameter d2 it will be taken as the smaller diameter larger than the diameter di where the interval between the flat ejector and the yor to 6 the thickness of the liquid film in the diameter and surface of the ejector frame it first makes a with the surface that is greater than When it is in the motor water that enters a first direction it passes from the inlet port 101 through the outlet end 105 of the nozzle 104 to produce a jet of water The jet passes through the gas inlet chamber 107 where the jet is surrounded by the gas that entered the frame 100 of the ejector of the gas inlet port In the jet it passes through the opening defined by the wall annular internal 103 in the frame of the ejector to collide in the plane of the impingement plate the jet axis is normal for the jet of water is spread transverse form in the second direction e radially on the flat surface the 99 from its point of passage n annular space defined by the mixing and diffusion section In this through the mixing and diffusion section the water drags the gas in such a way that a diffuse mixture of water and bubbles leaves the frame of the to the conventional ejector shown in the figure the improved ejector lacks a clearly defined mixing section and the ejection section within the ejector frame The function that is defined as m in the ejector where the ejector is the ejector exists Improved where the flow is within part or all of the function that is defined as diffusion in the ejector could also occur in that portion the section 103 me zc 1 to di fu s ón beyond the radius in The one that the mixture is considered to be carried out i lmen t is unlikely that one in the regions where these are being carried out This can be detrimental to achieve optimal performance of which the improved ejector can not drag so much gas as the conventional ejector when operating at the same pr and water flow Figure 3 illustrates how the profile and dimensions of the flat surface 110a of the improved ejector can be modified so that an opportunity to a greater or lesser degree for the functions of and The increase of the flat surface 110a ad greater than diameter increases to the cross-sectional area through which the liquid of the section 103 comes out from between the flat surface 110a and the flat impact surface Although specific dimensions are provided for a embodiment of the invention shown in figure 9 which is described to the inventor realized that the following dimensions can result in ejectors that can produce bubbles. The gas diameter of a gas flotation cell is a mixture that can increase the elimination efficiency. The diameter d2 can be up to 15 times higher than the jet emission diameter issued. from the end of the outlet 1Q5 of the nozzle The diameter is the smallest while still leaving room for gas to enter the annular 10 from the gas introduction chamber 107 and may be less than twice the diameter of the jet that issued The nozzle of the annular space that the diffusion eye can be between and 6 times the thickness of the film of water spread radially in the periphery of the general area in the plate 99 has a diameter. the depth of the water film at the periphery as of 20 4 By providing an angle on the flat surface or on the flat plate is shown in the profile or both so that the interval they are greater at the end of the If the radius of the medal section can be achieved, the po and the impact plate 99 can be achieved as shown by the lines divided between and both the volume of the annular space will also increase. and can be used separately o By increasing the area of the cross section through which the flow of the ejector is its speed and its analog to provide diffuser with a greater proportion of the area in an ejector Without noticing that diffuser of this The improved ejector may not be so that it may have a flow separation of one or both at 99 but this removes the The embodiment of Figure 4 shows an ejector frame shown at 400 having an input port 401 formed by a piece its ta nci ae The port of 401 is adapted at one end of a threaded pipe in t At the lower end of the insert pocket by a nozzle piece An O-ring 411 is adapted inside 28 of a nulls around the outside of the nozzle part and is in the inner surface of the inlet port to form a seal between and thus prevent the motor water from drifting into the nozzle The opening of the branch 402 of the threaded pipe at t 405 is used as an inlet port for the adapted to the opening of threaded in t in front of the opening that contains the inlet 401 is another component of the ejector in the form of an annular collar The central framework of the threaded pipe t includes a space or a liquid chamber passes to the 404 and the gas passes through the inlet port 402 can be touched between collar 407 is formed at its inlet end so a frustoconical funnel substantially running from the chamber Below the narrower end of the side walls of the 407 are widened outwardly like a sleeve to then form the upper wall of perpendicular flat surface 29 The one of the ejector 407 also an outer flange 412 near its flat surface The flange 412 includes sy These are shown in the profile through which the threaded bolts 413 are adapted to add a circular impact plate 414 to the bottom of the ejector frame is a space 403 l flat surface of the flange component of the ejector 407 and the surface adjacent to the impact plate As described for the mode of Figure 2, the space 403 can be used in the ejector section of the ejector to produce ally bubbles that emanate in shape compared to an ejector or ejector of the gas. of water and the entrained gas leaves the improved ejector in a substantially direction This provides inherently in the ejector a means of directing the clean motor water and the gas mixture in the contaminated water to distribute the bubbles. As described, the geometry can be modified of the flat surface of the 30 ejector to vary the ellipticality of the output so that distribution can be optimized for a particular geometry of the a first common practice where a conventional ejector is used in a gas cell a to position the ejector so that its exit points go down vertically in a horizontal impact so that the flow in axial form of the paste in the plate and deviates outwardly in shape By placing the impact plate near the outlet of the p a radial velocity that generates a velocity at the outlet but speed allows gas bubbles to be distributed in the surrounding water at a much greater distance Where the radial velocity produced by the ejector coincides with a conventional ejector, it would be necessary to position its ejector plate from the ejector plate to one of the diameter of its ejector. In this case, the part of the pressure recovered in the injection 31 arranged axia 1 nte of the ejector used to accelerate the flow to pass through a small interval between the end of the ejector and the Dna plate second common practice where ejector is used in a gas hydraulics is to position in pipelines that are out of the and pipe the outlet flow and water in a distributor manifold within the This construction is used that you can access the ejector to give it or to It will also be possible to eject the ios in the cell from which the cell will not drain to eliminate the ejector. When operating in a hydraulic gas flotation cell it will be seen that the improved ejector produced a much smaller size of bubbles that a conventional ejector mounted as described in the first practice It was found that in water the reduction in the size of the bubbles is greater than in water The exact mechanism for this result is not sure but 32 knows that the coalescence of gas bubbles It is slower in water due to the fact that the improved ejector of the invention more rapidly disperses the bubbles so that they can not fuse into more bubbles. amine the operation of the ejector in this will see that they are generated the bubbles in the section must pass through the diffuser and then rotate at the angle of the impact plate before dispersing in the volume of the water in the The probability of a collision of the gas bubbles that is a precursor of the remain therefore until the bubbles are well dispersed in the volume In the gas in the water that is and the is at the speed required to distribute it before introducing it into the volume of what results in the bubbles gas have a shorter residence time in the ejector the residence time the section end of and when the radial in volume 33 was of the order of the ejector the time was of the order of the shortest residence time of the ejector I therefore mean that gas bubbles can not be fused into bubbles anymore and so are kept in. In the second practice described it is clear that the residence extends beyond the first common practice because the The gas and water leaving the ejector also flows some distance into the pipe before dispersing in the liquid in the second common practice also found to produce a larger bubble size than the ejector Figures 5 to 8 are graphs that show the results of the test of an improved ejector 900 which is partially shown in Figure 1 of the opening the lower end of the nozzle of 904 through the 1 the outlet jet is 19 defined by the mixing and diffusion section between the flat surface 910 of the component of the collar 1 of the ejector 907 and the impact plate 914 is 4 mm The distance between the lower end 34 of the nozzle 904 and the flat surface 910 is of the angle between the vertical and lateral wall of the 907A frusto-conical top entry portion of the ejector collar component 907 is an intermediate portion 907B of the 907 collar where the side walls are vertical, they have a longitudinal d of 10 mm The minimum radius of the flared lower outlet portion 907C is 10 mm The minimum diameter where the flat surface 910 is first parallel to the ejector component 907 is 90 For the results of Figures 5 to 7 the ejector 900 at depths of 587 and 3223 Al to the Figure the Y axis of the graph represents the maximum vacuum at the gas inlet 102 402 and the X axis represents the motor flow from which it enters through the liquid one In graph of the Figure the pressure drop on the ejector and the X axis represents the motor flow of water on the Y axis of the graph of 7 represents the flow dragged bubbles emanating from the section of and mix in while its X axis represents the flow of motor water in the output of liquids The Y axis of the graph of 8 also represents the flow of gas dragged in The X axis of the graph represents the vacuum in the input The results shown were taken from a ejector to a p depth of 1403 and having a motor water flow of 36. Figure 10 shows the ejector of anterior 1000 known as Mazzei with an impact plate 1002 located 8 mm away from flat surface 101C so that the mixture exiting the ejector initially dispersed radially. FIGS. 11 and 12 illustrate the bubble sizes produced by the ejectors of FIG. 9 and both ejectors were tested at a depth of 3220 mm. The improved ejector 900 was tested with motor water flows of 30 m. mVh and 20 The ejector of previous performance is with motor water of and The X axes of the represent the volume fraction of air and the Y axes represent the diameter in microns Stokes bubble calculated in the form The smaller bubbles and the improved distribution of bubbles that can be produced by the various embodiments of the invention can be used in processes other than separation where the mass transfer or a reaction of the chemical conditions develop between a gas and an insufficient OCRQuality