MXPA01006442A - Cutting insert with universal identification - Google Patents

Abstract

A cutting insert (10) is disclosed with triangular shapes (45a, b, c, d) imprinted on the top surface (20) of the insert (10) whereby the number of triangular shapes is representative of the cutting range for which the insert (10) will function best. A method for imparting such shapes to the cutting insert is also disclosed.

Description

CUTTING INSERT WITH UNIVERSAL IDENTIFICATION BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention this invention relates to cutting tools for cutting operations and, more specifically, to cutting inserts used for metalworking operation whereby the face of the insert is engraved with universal identification to simplify its use. Description of Related Art Disposable cutting inserts are used throughout the metalworking industry and come in various shapes, sizes and designs to meet a wide variety of operations including milling, drilling and threading. Since cutting inserts are usually designed to perform limited operation, a typical large machine shop may have a multitude of different inserts. As an example, different cutting inserts are used to produce different surfaces in a part that vary from rough to smooth. Different manufacturers have tried to put labels on the face of! insert to help in the use of a certain insert in the recommended application. For example, in Sandvi Coromant's publication The World of Metalworking dated March 1998, an ad titled "Make a Cunning Turn Towards Increased Productivity" discusses turning inserts using engraved letters on the face of the insert. , which indicate whether the insert is suitable for fine, medium or hard cutting operations by designating the letter "F", "M", or "D" on the face of the insert, however, additional letters and numbers also They are used on the face of the insert, which makes it difficult to interpret such information without the use of a single interpretive table for the manufacturer. iSCAR Limited, in its pamphlet entitled "QNMG" published in August 1998, illustrates the inserts marked on the face with the letters PP, TF and GN indicating, respectively, light-medium, medium and medium-hard applications. However, to understand these letters it is necessary to use a unique interpretive table for the manufacturer. With such different systems in place, there is a need to provide a mark on the face of the cutting insert which does not require a detailed table for its comprehension and which can be understood universally without depending on the understanding of the letters of the English alphabet.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is directed towards a cutting insert which is composed of a polygonal shaped body having an upper surface and a lower surface with sides between them and a cutting edge at the intersection of each side with the upper surface, thereby defining an active cutting region on the spaced upper surface and extending inward from the cut edge about one third of a distance to the center of the insert and an inactive region on the remaining area of the insert. the upper surface. A mark is placed on the upper surface of the insert in the inactive region, where the mark is composed of at least two identical protuberances engraved adjacent to one another on the upper surface and where the number of protuberances on a mark indicate the use Recommended insert. Each protrusion may have a "V" shape and may extend on or above the upper surface.

The invention is directed to a method for making a cutting insert have a polygonal shaped body with an upper surface and a lower surface with sides between them and a cutting edge at the intersection of each side with the upper surface defining a region of cutting spaced along and extending within the cutting edge about a quarter of a distance to the center of the insert and an inactive region over the remaining area of the upper surface, wherein the method comprises the step of imparting a mark on the top of the surface of the insert in the inactive region, wherein the mark is composed of at least two identical protuberances recorded adjacent to one another on the upper surface and where the number of protuberances indicates the recommended use of the insert. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a cutting insert according to the first characterization of the present invendón; Fig. 2 is a top view of the insert in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the insert in Fig. 2 along the arrows »3-3»; Fig. 4 is a top view of a cutting insert according to another variation of the first characterization of the present invention; Fig. 5 is a top view of another variation of the first characterization according to the present invention; Fig. 6 is a top view of another variant of the first characterization of the present invention; Fig. 7 is a perspective view of the section indicated in Fig. 2 by arrows "7-7"; Fig. 8 is a second characterization of the present invention wherein the protuberances extend from the upper surface of an insert having a central hole; Fig. 9 is a third characterization of the invention wherein the protuberances extend from the upper surface of the cutting insert and where the insert does not have a central hole; Fig. 10 is a fourth characterization of the present invention wherein the protuberances are embedded within the upper surface of the cutting insert and the cutting insert does not have a central hole; Fig. 11 is a perspective view of a quadrilateral insert illustrating a series of marks where each mark is composed of a protuberance: Fig. 12 is a top view of the insert illustrated in Fig. 11, this bottom view is identical; Fig. 13 is a perspective view of a triangular insert illustrating a series of marks wherein each mark is composed of a protrusion; Fig. 14 is a top view of the insert illustrated in Fig. 13, the bottom view is identical; Fig. 15 is a perspective view of a quadrilateral insert illustrating a series of marks, each one composed of two protuberances; Fig. 16 is a top view of the insert illustrated in Fig. 15, the bottom view is identical; Fig. 17 is a perspective view of a triangular insert illustrating a series of marks where each mark is composed of two protuberances; Fig. 18 is a top view of the insert illustrated in Fig. 17, the bottom view is identical; Fig. 19 is a perspective view of a quadrilateral insert illustrating a series of marks, each one composed of three protuberances; Fig. 20 is a top view of the insert illustrated in Fig. 19, the bottom view is identical; Fig. 21 is a perspective view of a triangular insert illustrating a series of marks where each mark is composed of three protuberances; Fig. 22 is a top view of the insert illustrated in Fig. 21, the bottom view is identical; Fig. 23 is a perspective view of a quadrilateral insert illustrating a series of marks, each one composed of four protuberances; Fig. 24 is a top view of the insert illustrated in Fig. 23, the bottom view is identical; Fig. 25 is a perspective view of a triangular insert illustrating a series of marks wherein each mark is composed of four protuberances; Fig. 26 is a top view of the insert illustrated in Fig. 25, the bottom view is identical; The illustrations of dotted lines in the drawings are not part of the present subject that is going to be patented. Detailed Description of the Invention Fig. 1 illustrates a perspective view of a cutting insert 10 having a body 15 with a longitudinal axis L extending through the center of the body of the insert 15 and having an upper surface 20, a lower surface 25 and sides 30a, b, c, d thereby defining a cutting edge 35a, b, c, d at the intersect of each side 30a, b, c, d on the upper surface 20. The cutting insert illustrated in Fig. 1 is quadrilateral and therefore, for convenience, the four corners will be identified as 40a, b, c and d. When involved in a cutting operation, using a cutting edge 35a associated with a corner 40a and side 30a, the upper surface 20 of the insert can be involved along an active region AR defined by the band illustrated with the arrow 42 in Fig. 1. The active region AR extends from the cutting edge 35a about a terro from the distance to a parallel line PL that intersects with a longitudinal axis L through the center of ! cutting insert 10. The insert 10 is not arranged to contact a piece during a working operation in the area outside the active region AR. The remaining remnant along the upper surface 20 to the longitudinal axis L of the insert is an inactive region IR defined by the band illustrated by arrow 43 in Fig. 1. The active region Ar is spaced along and spans the fairy. in from the cut edge 35a and the inactive region IR extends beyond the active region AR. It should be noted that the orientations of the active region Ar and the inactive IR region completely depend on the cutting edge 35a, b, c, d used during the cutting operations. If, for example, the cutting edge 35b were used for cutting, then the active region AR and the inactive region IR would be adjacent to the cutting edge 35b and oriented parallel to the cutting edge 35b. The markings 45a, b, c, d are placed on the upper surface 20 of the insert 10 in the inactive region IR. Each mark 45a, b, c, d is identical and for that reason only the mark 45a will be discussed for its understanding, said discussion also applies to the marks 45b, c, d. The mark 45a is composed of at least two identical engraved protuberances 50a, 55a which are adjacent to one another on the upper surface 20 and are used to express the variety of cut in which the insert will function best. Because a typical machine operator uses a large number of different cutting inserts and the Optimum use is not apparent on the face of each insert, mark 45a allows the machine operator to determine if the insert is best suited at one end for rough applications and at the other end for fine finishing applications with intermediate uses between these. Preferably, the mark 45a is composed of geometry which are not numerical characters and of preference a single simple geometry may be presented in different quantities to indicate uses from rough applications to finishes. In examples where different cutting edges 35a, b, c, d are to be used for different working applications, then the number of protuberances associated with each cutting edge 35a, b, c, d may be different depending on the application Intent of the respective cut edge 35a, b, c, d. In examples where all cutting edges 35a, b, c, d are to be used for the same application, it may not be necessary to include multiple marks 45a, b, c, d and in said example, a single mark 45a may be Suffering The shape of the protuberances 50a, 55a illustrated in Fig. 1 is generally in the form of 'V. This is an example of the use of a mark that is not an alphanumeric character that allows identification of the insert without the need for the operator of the machine to understand the letters associated with a specific language such as English, thereby providing a universal mark. that can be understood independently of the language that the operator of the machine handles. The intent of selecting the "V" shape is to approximate the surface symbols identified in the universally accepted DIN 3141 Standard for Surface Symbols in Drawings. Table 1 that is presented below illustrates the meaning of one, two, three and four "V" shapes of triangles, where R + is the maximum allowable height in microns and where 1 micron equals 0.001 inches.

TABLE 1: MEANING OF THE AMOUNT OF PROTUBERANCES IN A MARK The insert illustrated in Fig. 1 has a central opening 60 which is typically used to mount the insert 10 within a tool holder (not shown). Since the central opening 60 is in the inactive average IR of the cutting insert 10, a preferred location a! for the marks 45a, b, c, d is adjacent to the central opening 60. Fig. 3 illustrates a cross section of a protrusion 50a illustrated by the arrows "3-3" in Fig. 2. The protuberance 50a is embedded in the upper surface 20. A method of fabricating protuberances of the present cutting insert uses a pressure operation known to those skilled in the art of manufacturing cutting inserts. To simplify this pressure operation for imparting the protuberance 50a to an upper surface 20, the walls 65a, 70a (Fig. 7) of the protuberance 50a are angled relative to the upper surface 20. Additionally, to simplify the pressure operation, adjacent to the central opening 60 is a beveled face 75a extending along a flat ring surface 80 towards the central opening 60. It should be noted that each of the features made to simplify the operation of Pressure is made only for that reason and should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention.

The angle wall 65a, as illustrated in FIG. 3, may have an angle A relative to the line extending perpendicular to the central opening 60 between 5o and 85 *. Although not illustrated in Fig. 3, it should be appreciated that the angled wall 70a (Fig. 7) can also form said angle A with respect to said perpendicular line. The face 75a can form an angle AA with respect to the line extending perpendicular to the central opening 60 between 5o and 85 °. In the characterization illustrated in Figs. 1-3, the V-shaped protrusion 50a, although the upper part of the V is open towards the central opening 60. The markings 45a, b, c and d are positioned approximately perpendicular to their associated cutting edges 35a, b, c, d to indicate the type of use recommended for that cutting edge. When the cutting insert 10 has a central opening 60 and multiple marks are used, each mark 45a, b, c, d, is positioned symmetrically along a line P extending perpendicular to the cutting edge respective 35a, b, c, d and intersects with longitudinal axis L .. As will be explained, certain cutting inserts do not have a central opening and, although inserted in Figs. 1-3 have this central opening, the present invention should not be limited to said characterization. The cutting insert 10 may be composed of any number of hard materials used in the metalworking operations including wrought steel, cemented carbide, ceramic or a cemented carbide substrate having any number of different coatings to improve the characteristics of the insert. While Figs. 1-3 have illustrated a cutting insert 10 in which a mark 45a is composed of two protuberances 50a, 55a, as illustrated in Table 1 discussed above, the number of protuberances can be used to indicate a recommended cut-off average of the insert, and according to DIN Standard Four Different quantities can be used, each representing a different cut average. As previously mentioned, the geometric shape of a protuberance may not be an alphanumeric character that includes a shape such as a circle, square or other geometric shape. However, to maximize your understanding, the universally accepted form of a triangle is used as the preferred character! of the present invendón. The insert illustrated in Figs. 1-3 has a mark with two protuberances which, according to Table 1, is for an insert that is used in general purpose applications. With respect to the above, Fig. 4 illustrates a top view of an insert 110 similar to that of Figs. 1-3 but using a set of four marks 145a, b, c, d; each mark has a single protrusion 150a, b, c, d located in the same region as the protuberances 50a, b, c, d in Figs. 1-3. A mark with a single protuberance, according to Table 1, is for an insert that is used in roughing applications. Fig. 5 illustrates a cutting insert 210 similar to that illustrated in Figs. 1-3, however, includes four marks 245a, b, c, d; each mark has three separate protuberances illustrated by the suffixes a, b, c and d for each reference number 250, 255 and 256 placed in the same region as those of Figs. 1-3. A mark with three protuberances, according to Table 1, is for an insert used in finishing applications. Fig. 6 illustrates a cutting insert 310 similar to that shown in Figs. 1-3, however, includes four separate marks 345 a, b, c and d, and d with each mark having four protuberances illustrated by the suffixes a, b, c and d for each reference number 350, 355, 356 and 357 placed in ia same region as the cough of Figs. 1-3. A mark with four protuberances, according to Table 1, is for an insert used in fine finishing operations. Fig. 7 is a view indicated by the arrows "7-7" in Fig. 2 and illustrates a pordon of the cutting insert 10 in which the mark 45a includes two protuberances 50a, 55a extending on the upper surface 20 as described above. It should be noted that this presentation of a V-shape to approach a triangle is only illustrative as one of the many shapes that can be presented on a surface of the cutting insert 10. Fig. 8 illustrates a view similar to that shown in Fig. 7 except that the mark 445 is now composed of two protrusions for 450, 455 that extend from the upper surface 420 and that are not embedded within the upper surface 420. As discussed above, it is completely It is possible for the cutting insert to be manufactured without a central opening. Said insert can still use bumps with protuberances according to the present invention as illustrated in Figs. 9 and 10. Fig. 9 illustrates a view similar to that shown in Fig. 7 of a cutting insert 510 having characteristics similar to those of the insert 10 with the exception that the insert does not have a central opening but It has a superior surface 520 that extends across the face of! insert 510. In this example, the mark 545 may be composed of protuberances 550, 555 extending from the upper surface 520 in the non-active region of the cutting insert. Furthermore, where a mark 545 is associated with each cutting edge, said marks may be swathed symmetrically adjacent to the respective cutting edge. When there is only one mark, said mark can be placed anywhere in the non-active region of the insert.

Fig. 10 illustrates a view similar to that shown in Fig. 7 of another insert 610 in which the upper surface 620 extends through the insert in the same manner as the insert in FIG. 1. However, unlike the illustration in FIG. 9, the brand 645 in Fig. 10 is composed of two protuberances 650, 655 which are embedded within the upper surface 620 to form two distinct triangular shapes. While Figs. 7-10 illustrate a mark with two protuberances, it should be appreciated that any mark may have multiple protuberances and the average amounts of protuberances in a mark may be, but is not limited to, one to four. So far, the cutting insert has been discussed as an article. A method for making said mserto, similar to that of Figs. 1-3, comprises the imparting steps of a mark 45a on an upper surface 20 of the insert 10 in the non-active region IR where the marking 45a is composed of at least two identical engraved protuberances 50a, 55a, adjacent to one another in the upper surface 20 and where the number of protuberances indicates the use of the recommended insert. The same features as discussed above can be imparted to the shape of the protuberances, and in the example where the insert has a central aperture 60, each mark 45a is engraved on the upper surface 20 in a symmetrical locaron around the center 60 of the insert. 10. In the example where the upper surface 20 of the insert 10 extends through the insert 10, then each mark 45a can be engraved in each symmetrical location with the other marks and perpendicular to a line extending from the edge of the respective cut or where there is only one mark that can be recorded in a location in any part of the non-active region. It should be noted that while a brand that has two protuberances has been used for most of this discussion, this discussion should apply equally. way to the other characterizations using marks with one or more protuberances. Additionally, it should be noted that a quadrilateral insert, illustrated in each of these figures, was presented only by convenience and the marks discussed in this document apply equally to an insert that has any number of entries. Under such drcunstanda, the mark must be placed symmetrically along a line perpendicular to a respective cutting edge when there are multiple marks or as an alternative, when a single mark is used it can be placed anywhere in the non-active region. of that cutting insert. Figs. 11-25 illustrate a perspective and top view of the quadrilateral and triangular inserts with marks having protuberances varying in number from one to four according to the present invention. Finally, although these marks have been discussed with regard to the cutting inserts, it should be noted that this mark can also be used in other cutting tools other than the cutting inserts such as auger drills or, alternatively, in tools They depend on abrasion to remove material. It is thought that the present invention and several of its advantages will be understood by the above description and it will be apparent that several changes can be made in the form, construction and cofocadón of the parts thereof without departing from the spirit or vision of the invention or sacrificing all Its advantages of material, the form in this document described above are simply exemplary or preferential characterizations of it.

Claims (19)

1. CHAPTER CLAIMING Having described the invention, it is considered as a novelty and, therefore, the content is redacted in the following: CLAIMS 1. A cutting insert that is composed of: a) a body with a polygonal shape that has an upper surface and a lower surface with sides between them and a cutting edge at the intersection of each side with the upper surface, of that mode defines an active cutting region on the upper surface, swathed to length and extending within the cut edge to approx. a terro from a distance to the center of an insert and an inactive region over the remaining area of the top surface; b) a mark placed on the upper surface of the insert in the active region, where the mark is composed of at least two identical protrusions engraved adjacent to each other on the upper surface and where the number of protuberances at a mark indicates the use of recommended insert.
2. 2. The insert according to claim 1 wherein the amount of protuberances in a mark corresponds to the DIN standard for surface finishing.
3. 3. The insert according to claim 1, wherein each protuberant has a "V" shape.
4. 4. The insert according to claim 1, wherein each protuberance has a triangular shape.
5. 5. The insert according to claim 1 wherein each protrusion extends on the upper surface.
6. The insert according to claim 1 wherein each protrusion extends from the upper surface.
7. 7. The insert according to claim 1 further comprising identical adidonal markings wherein each marking is opposite a cutting edge indicating the type of use recommended for the respective cutting edges.
8. 8. The insert according to claim 1 wherein the insert has a center and each mark is positioned symmetrically about the center of the insert.
9. The insert according to claim 8, wherein the insert has an orifice extending through the center and the marks are positioned symmetrically around the hole.
10. 10. A cutting insert that is composed of: a) a polygonal shaped body having an upper surface and a lower surface with sides between these and a cutting edge at the intersection of each side with the upper surface, thereby defines an active cutting region on the upper surface spaced along and extending into the cutting edge towards approx. a field of a distance to the center of an insert and an inactive region over the remaining area of the upper surface; b) a plurality of marks placed on the upper surface of the insert in the inactive region, where the mark is identical and is composed of an engraved protuberance which has a V-shape and is embedded within a superior surface of the insert, where each mark is adjacent to a respective cutting edge.
11. 11. A method for marking a cutting insert having a polygonal shaped body with an upper surface and a lower surface with sides between these and a cutting edge at the intersection of each side with the upper surface defining a cutting region swallowed at long and extending into the cutting edge towards approx. a third of a distance ta center of! insert and an inactive region on the remaining area of the upper surface, wherein the method comprises the steps of: a) imparting a mark to the upper surface of! inserted in the inactive region, wherein the mark is composed of at least two identical protuberances recorded adjacent to one another on the upper surface and where the number of protuberances impinges upon the use of the recommended insert.
12. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the step of imparting a mark comprises the imparting of a number of protuberances. in a mark that corresponds to the DIN 3141 standard for finishing the surface.
13. 13. The method according to claim 11 wherein the step of imparting a mark comprises imparting a "V" shape to each protuberance in the mark.
14. The method according to claim 11 wherein the step of imparting a mark comprises imparting a triangular shape to each protuberant in the mark.
15. 15. The method according to claim 11, wherein the step of imparting a mark comprises imparting each protuberant to extend to the upper surface.
16. 16. The method according to claim 11 wherein the step of imparting a mark comprises imparting each protuberant to extend to the upper surface.
17. 17. The method according to claim 11, wherein multiple identical marks are imparted on the upper surface next to each cutting edge indicating the type of use recommended for the respective cutting edge.
18. 18. The method according to claim 11 wherein the insert has a center and each mark is imparted on the upper surface to a symmetrical touching about the center of the insert.
19. 19. The method according to claim 18 wherein the insert has an orifido that extends through the center and each mark is imparted on the upper surface in a symmetrical location around the orifice