MXPA01004155A - Individually replaceable and reversile insertable steam turbine nozzle - Google Patents

Abstract

A reversible nozzle (10), removably attached to a fluid emitting base, such as a half turbine casing (22). The reversible nozzle (10) has a nozzle body (16) and a nozzle tube (12), with the nozzle body (16) preferably forming a plurality of fastener receiving slots (18, 18a). The nozzle tube (12) is angled with respect to the nozzle body (16). An installed reversible nozzle (10) is reversed by removing fasteners (34) connecting the nozzle body (16) to the fluid emitting base (22), rotating the nozzle body (16) about a normal nozzle body axis X, and resecuring the reversible nozzle (10) to the fluid emitting base (22) with fasteners (34). To aid in the alignment of the reversible nozzle (10), one fastener receiving slot (18a) is preferably elongated.

Description

INDIVIDUALLY AND REVERSIBLE SUBSTITUTE STEAM TURBINE NOZZLE BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the invention The present invention relates generally to nozzles and, more particularly, to reversible nozzles used in steam turbines. 2. Brief description of the prior art The nozzles are used in various applications, one of which is to direct steam in steam turbines. Steam turbines use nozzles to direct high pressure steam or gas to the turbine blades. For example, turbine nozzles are described in the Patents of the States United Nos. 1,750,652; 4,066,381; 4,097,188; 5,259,727 and 5,392,513. The high pressure gas that leaves the nozzles at high speeds and makes contact with the blades of the turbine causes the blades to turn. The nozzles are typically installed in two ways, in one arrangement, a plurality of nozzles are assembled in a nozzle plate or ring and bolted inside the turbine. Another arrangement involves drilling the turbine cover and then placing and welding the nozzles in place. Sometimes installed nozzles wear out and must be removed and replaced. In addition, based on the design of the turbine, differently oriented nozzles are used to cause the turbine blades to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise in the direction. If the direction of rotation is to change, the nozzle must be removed and aligned again. All this takes time and an expensive workload, especially if the turbines are welded in place. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide nozzles which can be installed, removed or inverted without welding.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates generally to reversible nozzles connected removably to a fluid emitting base, wherein each nozzle has a nozzle tube and a nozzle body. Each nozzle tube defines a fluid inlet, a fluid outlet opening and a nozzle passage connecting the fluid inlet and the outlet opening. Each nozzle body is connected to a first end of a corresponding nozzle tube wherein each nozzle body forms an internal cavity and a plurality of clamping receiving grooves. The nozzle tube extends along the axis of the nozzle, where the nozzle axis intercepts a nozzle body axis, forming a nozzle angle between the axes. The operation, the nozzle body and the accompanying nozzle tube are positioned adjacent a fluid emitting base, preferably with the nozzle tube projecting away from the fluid emitting base. The fluid exiting the fluid emitting base is received through the nozzle body cavity, enters the fluid inlet of the nozzle tube and moves through the passage of the nozzle formed by the nozzle tube and comes out through the fluid outlet opening of the nozzle tube. Each nozzle tube can direct the fluid in a plurality of directions. In general, the fluid direction exiting the fluid outlet opening of each nozzle tube is reversed from a first direction to a second direction by removing the fasteners that removably connect each nozzle body and the nozzle tube corresponding to the nozzle body. fluid emitting base, inverting the fluid outlet opening of each nozzle tube from a first direction to a second direction by rotating the nozzle body with respect to the fluid emitting base, aligning the receiving receiving grooves that are formed by each nozzle body by means of receiving receiving holes which are formed by the fluid emitting base and by reinstalling the fasteners through the receiving receiving grooves that are formed by the nozzle body and the receiving receiving holes which are formed by the base fluid transmitter. The separation of the nozzles for maintenance or similar substitutions, except that once the fasteners are separated, the old nozzle is removed and a new nozzle is installed as indicated above. These and other advantages of the present invention will be clarified in the detailed description of the preferred embodiments taken together with the accompanying drawings in which reference numerals represent similar elements therethrough.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a top perspective view of a first embodiment of a reversible nozzle made in accordance with the present invention; Figure 2 is a perspective cross-sectional view of the reversible nozzle shown in Figure 1; Figure 3 is a top perspective view of a second embodiment of a reversible nozzle made in accordance with the present invention; Figure 4 is an exploded view of the nozzle shown in Figure 1 and a portion of a turbine cover, with the nozzle in a first orientation; and Figure 5 is an exploded view of the nozzle and the turbine cover shown in Figure 4 with the nozzle in a second orientation.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED MODALITIES Figure 1 shows a nozzle 10 made according to the present invention. The nozzle 10 generally includes a nozzle tube 12 and a nozzle body 16, and is preferably made of metal, for example stainless steel. As shown in Figure 2, the nozzle tube 12 defines a first end 17 and a fluid outlet opening 15, and a nozzle passage 14 connecting the first end 17 and the fluid outlet opening 15. The nozzle tube 12 shown in Figure 1 is not cylindrical, which allows the nozzle 10 to be used in applications where higher fluid speeds are desired. The non-cylindrical shape causes divergence of passing fluid, thereby causing the fluid velocity to increase. It is noted, however, that the nozzle tube 12 can assume any suitable configuration or shape. The nozzle body 16 is connected to the first end 17 of the nozzle tube 12. The nozzle body 16 defines an internal cavity 19 and forms a plurality of receiving slots 18, 18a with at least one receiving receiving groove 18a having an elongated shape. The slots 18 are circular in shape and are adapted to receive a fastener 34. The slot 18a is of a somewhat elliptical shape and is adapted to receive the fastener 34 of the same diameter. Preferably, the length L of the elongated slot 18a is approximately twice as large as the width D, which is the same as the diameter D of the slots 18. The elongated slot 18a allows reorienting the nozzle 10 in two directions with only three slots , 18, 18a, as will be discussed later. In the nozzle 10 shown in Figure 1, three receiving slots 18, 18a are properly separated to allow correct positioning of the nozzle body 16 with respect to a fluid emitting base, such as the half turbine cover 22, as shown in figure 4, for a rotation of the turbine in the clockwise or counterclockwise direction. The nozzle body 16 further defines a lip 21.

With reference to Figure 1, the nozzle tube 12 extends along the nozzle axis 20 and intersects a nozzle body axis X, forming an angle alpha. In Figure 2, the nozzle axis 20 is shown passing longitudinally through the center of the nozzle tube 12. In Figures 1 and 3, the same nozzle axis 20 shown in Figure 2 is directed to the outer surface of the nozzle tube 12 for clarity purposes. However, each of the alpha angles shown in Figures 1 to 3 are identical to each other in this embodiment. Figure 3 shows a second embodiment of a nozzle 10 'according to the present invention. The nozzle 10 'is of external appearance similar to the nozzle 10 shown in Figures 1 to 2; however, the nozzle 10 'in the second embodiment has a nozzle tube 12' which is cylindrical in shape, which is useful in lower speed applications; in addition, the distribution of the slots 18, 18a 'receiving receivers is similar for the nozzle 10', but the receiving receiving slots 18, 18a are recessed with respect to the nozzle body 12 'by allowing the fastening heads 34, which shown in Figure 4 are housed under an upper surface of the nozzle body 16 'and do not increase the overall size of the nozzle 10' when the fasteners 34 are installed.

Figures 4 to 5 show a fluid emitting base, such as half of a steam end cover 22, which includes an outer flange 24 for receiving fasteners 34 for connection to a downstream turbine cover. The middle of the turbine cover 22 includes an inner ring 26 machined to receive a plurality of nozzles 10, of which only one is shown. The inner ring 26 includes a plurality of nozzle receiving recesses 27 and a plurality of threaded holder receiving holes 28. The holder holes 28 are adapted to align with the receiving receiver slots 18, 18a defined in the nozzle body 16. In the inner ring 26 a plurality of passages 30 and lip receiving recesses 32 are defined. The nozzle 10 is adapted to be received within the recesses 27 respective nozzle receivers so that the holder receiving holes 28 formed by the nozzle body 16 are aligned with respective receiving receiver slots 18, 18a. The lip 21 is received within the lip receiver recess 32 which provides a fluid seal. The passage 30 provides a channel for fluid, such as vaporized water, to exit the middle of the turbine cover 22 and enter the first end 17 of the nozzle tube 12 through the fluid inlet 19. The fasteners 34, such as pins 1 / 4-20, pass through holes 28 receiving -receptor -receptor and receiving receiver slots 18 to secure and seal the nozzle 10 to the middle of the turbine cover 22. In this arrangement, all of the nozzle tubes 12 are aligned in a similar first orientation as shown in Figure 4 and the fluid entering the fluid inlet 19 and exiting the nozzle outlet opening 15. it is directed in a first direction, for example in an opposite direction in a clockwise direction, indicated by the arrow. The number of nozzles 10 used in a specific turbine depends on the number of operating parameters and, therefore, several of the nozzles 10 may not contain a passage 14. These nozzles are known as whites. Figure 5 is similar to Figure 4, except that each nozzle 10 is rotated at an appropriate angle with respect to the half of the turbine cover 22 so that the fluid exits the nozzle 10 in a second direction, for example in a clockwise direction, as indicated by the arrow. All the elements in Figure 5 have the same reference numerals as the elements in Figure 4. A method for reversing the direction of fluid flow from a reversible nozzle 10 connected to a fluid-producing base, for example a half of turbine cover 22 or a pressure vessel. The stages are applied to each mode, but only the nozzle 10 will be discussed. The first step is to remove the fasteners 34 that removably connect the nozzle 10 to the middle of the turbine cover 22. The next step is to invert the fluid outlet opening 15 of each nozzle tube 12 from a first direction to a second direction by rotating the nozzle body 16 with respect to the half of the turbine cover 22. The next step is to align the receiving slots 18, 18a which are formed by the nozzle body 16 with holes 28 receiving receivers formed by the middle of the turbine cover 22. The final stage is to reinstall the fasteners 34 through the slots 18, 18a are clamping receivers formed by the nozzle body 16 and the fastener receiving orifices 28 that are formed in the middle of the turbine cover 22. The present invention allows the same nozzle 10, 10 'to direct a fluid, such as water, vapor or gas, in a plurality of directions by orienting the nozzles 10, 10' with respect to a fluid emitting base. In turbine applications, the present invention eliminates the need to weld the nozzles 10, 10 'to the halves of the turbine cover 22 and eliminates the need for different nozzles 10, 10' to direct fluid in different directions. Furthermore, the present invention eliminates the need to remove worn nozzles 10, 10 'by machining half of the turbine cover 22 due to the welded nozzles 10, 10'. The present invention allows a rapid expansion of the nozzles 10, 10 'either for repair or for orientation change by removing the appropriate fasteners 34 and by securing the nozzles 10, 10' to the middle of the turbine cover 22. In addition, the nozzle tube 12, 12 'is available in a plurality of convergent / divergent passages 14 which optimize the nozzle 10, 10' efficiently for the specified turbine operating conditions. Finally, the present invention eliminates the need to stock nozzle 10, 10 'with different orientations. The invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments. Modifications and obvious alterations will occur to other people when reading and understanding the preceding detailed description. It is intended that the entire invention be inclusive of the entire block modified and altered to the extent that they fall within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.

Claims (19)

1. A reversible nozzle, characterized in that it comprises: a nozzle tube defines a first end, a fluid outlet opening, a nozzle passage connecting the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet opening; and a nozzle body connected to the first end of the nozzle tube, the nozzle body defines an internal cavity and forms a plurality of receiving grooves ejetadorae; wherein the nozzle tube extends along a nozzle axis and intersects a nozzle body axis, forming a nozzle angle, and a direction of a fluid exiting the fluid outlet opening of the nozzle tube it is reversed from a first direction to a second direction by rotating the nozzle body with respect to a fluid emitting base.

2. The reversible nozzle, according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzle tube and the nozzle body are made of stainless steel.

3. The reversible nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzle tube is cylindrical.

4. The reversible nozzle, according to claim 1, characterized in that the receiving receiving grooves are recessed with respect to the nozzle body.

5. The reversible nozzle, according to claim 1, characterized in that a holding receiving groove is elongated.

6. The reversible nozzle, according to claim 4, characterized in that a receiving groove is elongated.

7. The reversible nozzle, according to claim 1, characterized in that the fluid emitting base is a turbine cover half.

8. A method for reversing the fluid flow direction of a reversible nozzle connected to a fluid emitting base, for example the half of a turbine cover, the reversible nozzle includes a nozzle tube defining a fluid inlet, an aperture of fluid outlet and a nozzle gap connecting the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet opening and a nozzle body connected to the fluid inlet of the nozzle tube, the nozzle body defines a cavity and forms a plurality of slots ejetadorae receivers, wherein the nozzle tube extends along a nozzle axis and intercepts a nozzle body axis, forming a nozzle angle, the method is characterized in that it comprises the steps of: a) removing fasteners that connect the nozzle removably to the fluid emitting base; b) reversing the fluid outlet opening of the nozzle tube from a first direction to a second direction by rotating the nozzle body with respect to the fluid emitting base; c) aligning the clamping receiving grooves formed by the nozzle body with receiving receiving holes formed by the fluid emitting base; and d) reinstalling such fasteners through the receiving receiving slots formed in the nozzle body and the receiving receiving holes formed by the fluid emitting base.

9. An apparatus for rotating the turbine blades, characterized in that it comprises: a pressure vessel forming a plurality of passages and a plurality of receiving receiving holes disposed adjacent to the nozzle receiving recess, - a nozzle tube defining a first end , a fluid outlet opening, and a nozzle passage connecting the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet opening; and a nozzle body connected to the first end of the nozzle tube, the nozzle body defines an internal cavity and forms a plurality of grip receiving slots, the nozzle tube extends along a nozzle axis and intercepts a nozzle axis. nozzle body, forming a nozzle angle; wherein the pressure vessel receives a plurality of nozzles, the receiving receiving orifices are aligned with receiving slots of a corresponding nozzle body and the fasteners pass through the respective receiving receiving holes and the receiving receiving slots to secure the nozzle pressure vessel.

10. The apparatus for rotating turbine blades, according to claim 9, characterized in that the nozzle body and the nozzle tube are made of stainless steel.

- The apparatus for rotating turbine blades, according to claim 9, characterized in that the nozzle body also forms a lip placed in the internal cavity, the lip is placed in a receiver recess of the corresponding lip of the container of pressure.

12. The apparatus for rotating turbine blades, according to claim 9, characterized in that the clamping receiving grooves are recessed with respect to the nozzle body.

13. The apparatus for rotating aspae of turbine, according to claim 9, characterized in that a receiving receiving groove is elongated.

14. The apparatus for rotating turbine blades, according to claim 12, characterized in that a holding receiving groove is elongated.

15. The apparatus for rotating turbine blades, according to claim 9, characterized in that the pressure vessel is a turbine cover.

16. The reversible nozzle, according to claim 9, characterized in that the apparatus is adapted to allow steam to escape from the passages of the pressure vessel in addition to the outlet of a corresponding fluid outlet opening of a corresponding nozzle tube.

17. The spinning turbine apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that the pressure vessel forms a plurality of nozzle receiving recesses and the reversible nozzles are placed in the nozzle receiving recesses.

18. The apparatus for rotating turbine aepas, according to claim 9, characterized in that the turbine body forms two receiving grooves with a circular shape and an elongate receiving groove.

19. The apparatus for rotating turbine blades, according to claim 18, characterized in that the circular receiving gripper slots are opposite each other the first elongated receiving slit is positioned between the first opposite circular receiving slots.