MXPA01003194A - Method and device for transmitting data over low-voltage networks - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for transmitting data in two-way communication over low-voltage networks which are provided with or without coupling to a higher-order telecommunications, voice or data network. The transmission in the low-voltage network is carried out in a high frequency range greater than 148.5 kHz with a band spread of the data signals and a transmission level less than the radio and line disturbance voltage limits to be applied to the method. The signals which are distributed in the frequency and/or time range and which are provided for guaranteeing a multi-channel structure with different sequences of one or more families of numeric values are provided with a directional coding, frequency assignment or time slot assignment in order to give a receiver-specific logical direction in the low-voltage network. The binary data sequences which are channel-specifically distributed in this manner and which are characterized in a directional-specific manner are identified, regenerated, and evaluated with a new directional identification for routing the signals in the low-voltage network according to the degree of attenuation. This is carried out with the assistance of the given sequences by means of correlation, iterative or parallel disturbance signal suppression methods or by means of time/frequency transformation.

Description

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING DATA IN LOW VOLTAGE NETWORKS Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method of data transmission for bi-directional communication using low voltage systems, either with or without higher-order telecommunication network link, voice or data; and to a circuit for implementing said method.

Background of the Invention Utility companies have branched out large-scale power supply networks through which they are connected to their customers. These services have been used for a long time beyond what is power supply, for example, for remote control of audio frequency in which the data has been transmitted in unidirectional systems although with the disadvantage that there is no feedback. More recently, however, proposals have been made to enable the use of low-voltage systems of service companies for bidirectional communications independent of other carriers. While unidirectional communications only allow data to be collected, such as meter readings for electricity, gas, water, etc. or keep track of measured values such as temperature, pressure, or alarm, bidirectional communications can be used to investigate switching states and to control complex technical installations. In addition, they can be used for regular data transmissions, for an ordinary telephone service, the low-voltage system that the service companies have and to which each home is connected. According to a known proposal of this type, energy providers that use their low-voltage system for telecommunications, have to provide, on the one hand, facilities that act as data filters to ensure that the data is received only by their recipients . On the other hand, the necessary devices are required in the stations of the network that transfer the data to a copper network, cellular radio or a fiber network that connects with the stations. It has been assumed that, nevertheless, about 100 to 200 addresses can be connected to a single network station. Complying with the European standard Celenec EN 50065-1, it will be possible to have a theoretically usable data rate of up to 70 kbps for data communication in duplex mode, by a dedicated frequency band of up to 95 kHz. It is known in accordance with DE 195 04 587, a bidirectional communication system for data transmission between a central station and user terminal facilities. The node controllers linked to the low-voltage network function as substations and a large-area telecommunications network, such as a cellular data network or a circuit switched network, in particular a fiber optic network, are used for Transmissions of data between the central station and the substations. The node controllers associated with distributed transformers in the network are equipped with standard modems that provide an interface between the low-voltage and large area telecommunications network, while a modem with repeater function is installed as an intermediate station in the transmission path between the node controller and the terminal installation of the user; The transmission of data within the low-voltage system is based on the extended spectrum method.

Data transmission in low frequency networks uses the frequency range up to 148.5 kHz that is allowed in Europe. However, one drawback is that the transmission quality is limited in this frequency range, due to the numerous interference signals and a high noise level; another drawback is that the frequency of transmission by narrow band is limited with respect to the number of subscribers and the bit rate per subscriber. The oldest but not printed patent application DE 197 14 386.5 discloses a method for transmitting data in bidirectional communication via low voltage systems that are linked to a higher order telecommunications network. To combine a high data transfer rate with improved transmission quality, compared to conventional systems, with transmission security in ISDN quality and with real-time signal processing, the. Data transmission in the low-voltage system takes place in a high frequency range of up to 30 MHz that use the in-band extension of the data signals and a transmission level that is below the specified limit of interference or voltage noise of line and radio distnce characteristics, wherein said band-extended data has been given an encoding address to specify a logical address within the low-voltage system using different sequences of a pseudo-random number family, to allow the multi-user operation, in which the binary data sequences with their specific user extension and their specific address coding are identified by correlation using specific sequences at attenuation-dependent distances, within the low-voltage system; then these data sequences are regenerated and receive new address codes to be forwarded. The limits for radio and line interference are much lower than the higher frequency ranges, for example. 10 MHz, which in the frequency range up to 1.48, 5 kHz. But narrowband interference caused by harmonic waves coming from other frequency ranges also occurs in this range and even standard radio transmitters interfere with the transmission of data in this frequency range. On the other hand, the maximum specified output levels, which are very low, should not be exceeded. In addition, a signal output at a low level may fall below the noise level due to the loss of transmission that increases with increasing distances and frequencies, so that non-extended signals can no longer be received. Due to its low output level and high attenuation between these frequency margins, the signal to be transmitted will be lowered below the noise level at a propagation loss of 50 to 70 dB / 100 m, but in buried cables it can be received under the noise level and successfully regenerated at a distance of 100 m. A directional coding that uses code, time or frequency multiplexing, converts the physical separation that is impossible with data transfer in low frequency systems, to a logical separation, thus allowing a duplex operation. Code multiplexing also ensures a multiple user structure. It is used as an extended direct sequence band where, instead of a single information symbol, a sequence of pseudo-random numbers is transmitted at the same instant, the bandwidth required for the transmission increases by a factor corresponding to the sequence of pseudo-random numbers. In this way, the sources of narrowband interference and the frequency selective attenuation properties lose their influence on the transmission method. This older method of transmitting data in a high frequency range facilitates real-time bidirectional data transmission via low-voltage systems of utility companies in real time, if buried cables are used. It can provide ISDN quality transmission channels with a data rate of 64 kbps and the global transmission capacity of the low-voltage line between connected users and the interface between the low-voltage system and the telecommunications network of order higher is a minimum of 2 Mbps for each of the direct and inverse channels with a bit error rate of 10 ~ 6 over 100 m. Notwithstanding the advantageous properties of the older method described above, said method is subject to several limitations that run in the way of its purposes. Therefore, the problem facing the present invention is the improvement of the old method in the fields of transmission quality and safety and the extension of its field of application.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION This problem is solved according to the invention by means of the features specified in the characterization clause of claim 1. Advantageous further developments of the sub-claims assigned to it can be deduced. The invention is characterized in that the transmission of data in the low-voltage system takes place at a high frequency range above 148.5 kHz using bandwidth of data signals and a transmission level below the interference limit or noise voltage, characteristic of line and radio interference, applicable to the method described; and in that said signals are extended over a frequency band or time range, using different sequences or one of several number families to allow a multi-channel operation; the signals receive an address coding, frequency assignment or channel assignment to specify a receiver specific logical address within the low-voltage system; wherein said sequences of binary data extended as a specific channel within the low voltage system are being identified, regenerated and reassigned with new address codes for delivery, based on sequences specified using correlation, iteration or signal suppression methods false in parallel or time / frequency transformation dependent on attenuation. The method described in the old patent application DE 197 14 386.5 is based on a mandatory link of the low-voltage system with the higher order telecommunications network. This is disadvantageous in relation to the flexibility of exclusively low-voltage island networks. All communication processes will always be conducted via the higher order telecommunications network that is considered public and, therefore, will be billed to the user. In addition, differences can be established between using the low-voltage systems to tap the so-called "last mile", that is, accessing user permissions by tapping the gap between the low-voltage network stations and home networks, and exclusive use of low-voltage systems inside the house. Therefore, without being linked, either directly or via the "last mile", to a higher-order telecommunications network, LAN solutions are provided that provide a local network when used within the home or within the home. private property, which the user can operate independently for voice and data communications, without having to use the service of a public network operator that is subject to tariffs. An autonomous partial communications network may be able to adapt to an Ethernet (10 Mbps) bus topology, depending on the quality of the system and its dissipation characteristics. The layout of the system depends on the size of the local network: since it represents its maximum development (a network with repeater unit (SAE), user terminal connection unit (EGA) and interconnected network unit (NÜG)) , said NÜG is supplemented by a function of network monitoring, switching and control; or its minimum development, where it would have only a conditioning signal and a switching unit (SAVE) to which the EGAS are connected via a low-voltage line. In addition, the method described in the old patent application limits the use of low-voltage systems for bidirectional communications at a frequency range of up to 30 MHz. This is inappropriate in view of the various exterior and interior applications to the home. A limitation to the specific frequency ranges does not work because the properties of networks in high frequency ranges are not explicitly inappropriate for the described method. Therefore, the transmission frequency range is generally unlimited for this invention. In practical applications, however, it will usually be below 30 MHz and in some route sections, for example, to uncouple partial networks, it will reach up to 60 MHz, depending on the type of cable used, the structure of the network and the dissipation properties of the network. low-voltage line. The method described in the oldest patent application is based on a multi-user structure that must be created by appropriate measures. But especially with a view to the potential separation of the "last mile" and low-voltage systems inside the house; the method of the invention can be of restricted use, if only a multi-user structure is used. Networks for only house interiors do not have multi-user structure because there is only one user, but several user terminals; however, the desired communication between the multiple user terminals may be based on a multi-channel structure. The band extension method as described in the oldest patent application, using a family of pseudorandom numbers was improved by introducing an extension using several sequences of one or several families of numerical values. The multichannel structure is achieved by overlaying the extended signals with different sequences, either as a synchronous or asynchronous overlap. The optimal sequence of families of numbers can be defined based on the economic engineering requirements of the synchronization to be achieved. In addition, multiple channels can also be implemented, either alternatively or aggregated, by time and / or frequency multiplexing designs. Finally, the measures of the method according to the invention, which are described below, can improve the call handling capacity of the method described in the oldest patent application and, therefore, improve its importance as the main factor of the system for a secure detection. of the useful signal in the field of noise.

A receiver operates based on the correlation method, correlating an extended signal in time - or frequency - with the reference signal, integrating the result over the decision period of an extension period and using a threshold detector to decide with respect to a logical state. A signal extended in frequency, spread over several subcarriers, must be converted to the receiving side by a time / frequency transformation, for which the most suitable would be the Fast Fourier and Fast Hadamard transforms. It is advantageous to combine these two methods so that the duration of the symbols of a data bit can be extended by dividing it by several subcarriers, in which said extension is maximally effective if it corresponds to the length of the receiver signal width. produces in the transmission channel. To further improve a receiver for a low-voltage transmission method, a method for the suppression of false or parallel false signal and a method for synchronized-chip transmission can be provided. This method is known as joint detection and is used to detect multiplexed signals. Known signals can be calculated by correlating the received signal, the sequences of said signals being specified between the transmitter and the receiver, whereby the reference signals are known to the correlator. In addition, the time / frequency transformation or the analytical processing of the digital signal can be used to determine other signals that interfere with the useful signal and extract them by filtering, by calculation using the joint detection method thereby improving the quality of the signal . The switching facilities can be interfaced with a potential higher-order telecommunications network or the "last mile" and a home network that has a similar function and layout as the private exchanges (PBX) used today in networks POTS or routers used in LAN environments. These facilities are not demands of the method of the invention, but can be a useful supplement to the proposed set to increase the comfort of the user and provide some characteristics of communication systems for the independent operation of the users, which is economical, since it is not necessary to use any public network provider. In yet another development of the invention, a family of number sequences such as Gold or Walsh-Hadamard sequences are used for user-specific band extension. To avoid mutual interference of users at their terminals, different families of pseudo-random sequences are used in the various network areas. In a preferred embodiment, the logical direction of the data stream is prefixed by using a multiplexing code, that is multiplying the data stream by a Walsh sequence whose length is shorter than that of the band extension sequence. Alternatively, additional multiplication by Walsh sequences may not be used when specially selected number sequences are used for address coding that differs in different areas of the network. The benefit would be to reduce the demands of signal processing, in real-time signal processing, but it increases the demands on the administration of the channel. According to another feature of the invention, the direct inverse directions can be divided to indicate a logical address in a low-voltage system using time and / or frequency multiplexing; here, the extended band signals are transmitted in the directions of transmission and reception, on frequency bands or time segments, in both cases separated. First, in the initiation phase prior to the effective transfer of data, an initiation sequence plus the user ID and a logon sequence are delivered and an extension sequence is assigned to the user's terminal by means of the user ID . The assembly of the invention to carry out the method, consists of a low-voltage system with integrated user terminals, distribution boxes of local lines and network stations, as well as a telecommunications network, in which the network interconnects units that are assigned to the stations of the network to link the low-voltage system and the higher-order telecommunications network and for channel assignment in the respective transmission medium and with amplifier units placed at specific distances in the low-voltage system to regenerate and forward in a specific direction the data signals to a next amplifier unit or to a user terminal or a network interconnector unit. To the user's terminal are assigned, a CDMA processor to extend the data, using its assigned extension sequence and adding the address code, a modulator to modulate the signals on a carrier frequency, a controllable amplifier to adjust the level required in the receiving terminal for optimum correlator efficiency and a physical coupler to feed the extended and encoded data stream in addressing within the low-voltage system. The structure of the receiver is composed of a controllable low noise input amplifier, an IQ demodulator, an equalizer, preferably a rake receiver and a CDMA processor to concentrate the data signals. The non-extended data signals are conditioned for transmission by a baseband encoder / decoder channel, for example, an encoder and a Viterbi decoder. A multiplexer / demultiplexer passes the data to the voice and data interface, which can be configured for any common type interface (eg S0, analog a / b, Ethernet). The user terminal has an additional ID device and SIM (Subscriber Identification Module) that allows a partially mobile use of the system. All components are controlled by a microprocessor and a centralized clock generator. The clock signal is synchronized using the received data signal. The data transmission and reception signals are fed via a filter or a frequency separator, into a physical coupler so that it also provides power to the user's terminal. In the event of a power failure, the operation may continue for a limited period of time. The integrated repeater units within the low-voltage system, in local line distribution boxes, lighting poles, or optionally, in home connection boxes, include the same functional groups as the user's terminal, but the functional groups of the digital signal (the equalizer, the CDMA processor, the channel encoder / decoder) and, optionally, parts of the clock generator unit, are configured according to the number of channels to be regenerated multiplied by the number of signaling addresses. The error corrected data signals are fed from the signal decoder into the next channel encoder, either directly or via a switching matrix. An ID device is also implemented in the system, such as in the user's terminal. In addition, the repeater units are characterized in that a value memory is integrated into the system, in which the assignments of the current channel and the associated address sequences and sequences to be used are stored, as well as other source and acceptor information. of signal. This value memory is managed through the microprocessor. The interconnection units of the network include the same functional groups as a repeater unit, but multiple functional groups of digital data processing (equalizer, CDMA processor, channel encoder / decoder) are configured, according to the number of channels of communication. transmission, to the existing higher order telecommunications facility, plus the number of synchronization channels required by the low-voltage system. In addition, there are multiple physical couplers and input sections to the low-voltage, configured according to the number of network areas that must be addressed.

The decoded data signals are fed via a matrix within the transmission system that converts the signals on the side of the telecommunications network into n * 2Mbps transmission systems for copper, fiber optic lines, or cellular radio connections, depending on the demand and available capacities and, as a rule, they represent a number between 1 and 3. In addition, a microprocessor system allocates the channels in the interconnection unit of the network by configuring the switching matrix and the CDMA processors. The interconnection unit of the network also has an appliance ID and a memory of values in which the data of all the active connections are stored, which are composed of routing information, channel assignment, signal quality during connection, ID of the user terminal, services used and assigned transmission channels. Optionally, the data rate and protocol settings can be placed between the switching matrix and the transmission facility to the higher order telecommunications network, which adjusts potential or future data formats for a data service to the structure of the system of data transmission system on the telecommunications side. Other features, developments and useful advantages of the invention are described in the subclaims and in the embodiment set forth below.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS An execution of the invention will be explained in greater detail based on the included drawings, comprising: Figure 1, the structure of the communications network based on a typical low-voltage system; Figure 2, a diagram of a user terminal; Figure 3, a block diagram of a repeater unit with a physical coupler; Figure 3a, a block diagram of a repeater unit for several physical couplers; Figure 4, a block diagram of a network interconnection unit; Figure 5, a diagrammatic view of the coding of the data streams to indicate a logical address in the low-voltage system; Figure 6, a diagrammatic view of the frequency assignment coding and the definition of reference point for level control; Figure 7, a block diagram of the functional components of the higher order telecommunications network; and Figure 8, a diagrammatic view of the attenuation measures against interference inputs in a distribution box of a local line with connection options for repeater units or a network interconnection unit.

Detailed Description of the Preferred Modes The basic structure of the communication network according to the invention is that of a low-voltage system. The stations 1 of the network are connected to the local distribution boxes 3, via the low-voltage lines 2 in this communication network. The branch lines 4 leading to the individual users 5 are connected to the line 2 between the local line distribution boxes 3 or between a local line distribution box 3 and a network station. The length of the low-voltage line 2 between two distribution boxes 3 of the local line depends on the building density and is around 100 m for areas with blocks of high-rise buildings, 200 m with blocks of adjacent apartments in the city and up to 500 m in areas with separate homes. The users 5 are only represented as an example in Figure 1 and, in fact, their number is much larger. To function as a data transmission network, the user terminals 6 have been assigned to the users and the data from these terminals are transmitted via low-voltage lines 2 and repeater units 7 introduced at power points. them to network interconnection units 8 that are currently located near the network station 1, or in the reverse direction. Alternatively, the interconnection unit of the network can be connected to any point of the low-voltage lines 2, for example, close to the distribution boxes 3 of the local line, provided that this tap point is favorably positioned for its connection with the higher order telecommunications network 48. An execution of a user terminal 6 according to Figure 2 is basically composed of an interface functional group 40, a digital signal processing system 26, an input section 39 to low -voltage and a microprocessor system 38, in which each of these groups is in an area delimited by segments lines. It includes the following components: a CDMA processor 18 with a multiplier 17 and an amplifier 22, a modulator 9 and a physical coupler 10, in which the input set includes a low noise input amplifier 23, an IQ 11 demodulator, a equalizer 24 and the CDMA processor 18 with integrator 12 and threshold detector 13. In addition, an encoder / decoder 25, a data multiplexer / demultiplexer 26 for transferring the data to a data interface 28 and a voice and operation interface 27 . The user terminal 6 further comprises an identification device unit 29, a SIM (subscriber identification module) 30, a microprocessor 31 and a clock generating unit 32, the synchronization and clock signals are shown as arrows and labels 33 The terminal is connected to the low-voltage line 2 via a frequency separator or filter 34 and the physical coupler 10; said low-voltage line 2 also powers the power supply unit 35 of the user's terminal. The reference symbols 19, 20 and 21 represent, either the extension sequence as the arrow marks, or an address code, or the carrier frequency, respectively. The interconnection unit 8 of the networks represents the interface between the low-voltage communications network and the network that is currently used for data transmission (not shown here) such as a cellular, telecommunication or fiber optic radio network . Therefore, the network interconnection unit 8 serves to concentrate the data from the low-voltage system and transmit it via the telecommunications network 48 to a switching center or feed the data received from said switching center inside the low-voltage system for transfer to user terminals 6. For data transmission using the extended spectrum method, the user terminal 6 sends the conditioned data signals, using an individual sequence of numbers, to the next repeater unit 7, where the received data is detected by the correlation of the data stream with the sequence number assigned to the respective user terminal 6. The repeater units that are going to be delivered for the regeneration of data in the path to the terminals 6 of the user are separated from each other by about 100 m by buried cables and placed in distribution boxes of local line, lighting poles or connection boxes domiciliary In residential areas where the cables are very ramified and where there are additional meters, household appliances, etc. connected, signal conditioning will be needed at distances of 20 to 30 m due to the great attenuation. The voice and data transmission in this low-voltage system takes place in a frequency band above 148.5 kHz using the extended-spectrum direct-sequence and code-multiplexing method, in order to suppress the influence of narrow-band sources of interference and to tap long distances with low signal strength, if possible without intermediate signal regeneration and to be able to detect noisy signals for long distances and to simultaneously allow the transfer of data by multiple users. Each user terminal 6 uses its own sequence of numbers for the transmission of data in this code multiplexing system that the higher order telecommunications system has assigned to it via the network interconnection unit 8, since the number of such sequences is not limited. These sequences of numbers are not selected arbitrarily but from a family of codes, for example a family of Gold sequences, since the number of available sequences that have a specific length is, in this case, quite large. This reduces the mutual interference of the user's terminals 6 to a minimum. A user terminal 6 communicates with the network interconnect unit as required to initialize via the nearest repeater unit 7 where said user terminal 6 enters the system, using a signal representing a sequential number reserved for this purpose , the so-called initiation sequence. The surrounding repeater units 7 respond to this initiation sequence with an identifier for the repeater unit 7, its distance from the closest network interconnection unit 8 and the ID of this network interconnection unit. In Figure 7 the functional components of the higher order telecommunications network 48 are shown, the commutation matrix bears the number 56, the transmission paths to the subscribers bear numbers 58, a transfer point bears the number 57 and the unit of microprocessor carries the number 59. The unit 8 of interconnection of networks that was mentioned first, sends the initiation of the new terminal 6 of the user to the higher order telecommunications network 48 that registers the location of the data of the new terminal 6 of the user. Similar to the processes in cellular networks, the location of the user's terminal address 6 can be entered into a register 49 of the higher order telecommunications network 48 (Figure 7) via the central data query of a user. SIM 30 of user terminal 6, and the respective current location can be stored in a location inspector record 50 when the user moves or uses his terminal as a partially mobile telephone. These records are stored and managed at a central point of the higher order communication system 48. The location inspection registers 50 carry the notation of important subscriber data and the repeater units 7 or network interconnection units 8 are placed in the direct surroundings of the user's terminal 6. When a user's terminal is in the process of being initiated or when a call to, or from, the user's terminal is being established, the switching center uses an information record corresponding to the address location and the location inspector registers 49, 50 to 5 detect the location at the time, and a server 51 in which all the repeater units 7 and network intercom units 8 are registered in a supply area calculate at least the three more routes possible shorts The central monitoring stations 52 assigned to the network interconnection units 8 verify the possible transmission paths as determined by the server 51 for the traffic load being carried.

The most favorable route is selected. Alternatively, the server 51 calculates new ^ fc trajectories. The network interconnection unit 8 and the repeater unit 7 determined in this manner, reserve pseudo-random sequences of sequences of numbers (extended sequence "19") required in each network area 2.1, 2.2, (Figure 1) for the requested transmission channel, because the terminal 6 of the user has not yet been assigned its own sequence during the initiation. The individual families of The pseudo-random sequence are specified by the higher order telecommunications network 48 for each network interconnection unit 8 and repeater unit 7 in a network configuration process. In addition to specifying the optimal transmission path, the higher order telecommunications network 48 also verifies the access rights and device ID in a verification record for subscriber authorizations 60 and terminal approval verification record 61 during initiation. Once the user's terminal has been authorized, it receives an extended sequence selected, either by the network interconnection unit 8 or by the repeater unit 7, from a family of Gold sequences. To prevent signal interference in a relay unit 7 connected to multiple interconnection units 8 of networks communicating with other user terminals 6, different interconnection units of adjacent networks 8 are assigned different Gold sequences by network 48 of Higher order telecommunications. This minimizes the mutual interference of two user terminals 6 that are not communicating with the same network interconnection unit 8. The extended sequence sent to a terminal 6 of the user is accompanied by the ID device so that the interface of another user who is just starting up can not claim these pseudorandom sequences for it. At the end of the initiation process, the terminal 6 of the user sends a reception acknowledgment which is already extended when using the assigned sequence of numbers. A user terminal can also be started immediately after it has been switched ON. Then it is assigned a pseudorandom sequence but without data transfer. On the other hand, the initiation can be done when there is a communication requirement, but in such a case, the communication can only start from the terminal. A third option would be a minimum initiation when the user's terminal 6 is switched ON, while a pseudo-random sequence is assigned only before a data transfer. The user data is extended for data transmission using the extended sequence assigned to the user terminal (see the block diagram of a user terminal in Figure 2). In addition a sequence family is assigned or the data stream is multiplied by a Walsh sequence to indicate a data flow direction to allow the transfer of data through the low-voltage system in the desired direction. The binary data sequence produced in this way is modulated on a carrier frequency by a modulator 9 assigned to the user's terminal 6 and then delivered into the low-voltage line 2 via a physical coupler 10 for transfer to a repeater unit 7. The block diagram of Figure 3 shows a repeater unit 7 and in front of the terminal 6 in Figure 3, shows a modulator 14 and a memory 37 of the value assigned to the microprocessor system 38. The data entered into a physical coupler 15 are retrieved using a demodulator 11, an equalizer 24, an integrator 12 and a threshold generator 13. The regenerated data is again extended using the sequence assigned to the user's terminal 6 and encoded, for example, with a Walsh sequence to indicate the direction of the transmission. A carrier frequency is modulated with the binary data in the modulator 14 and the signal so processed is delivered via the physical coupler 15. The repeater unit shown in Figure 3 has been designed to condition signals in a low-pass line. voltage. In principle, this component can be used in local line distribution boxes in the network interconnection units 8 when crosstalk effects are used, but then, it is recommended to use attenuation measures later as shown in Figure 8. The areas of the network which are decoupled in this way, will then have to be linked via a repeater unit according to Figure 3a, which requires a separate physical coupler 15, input section 9 for low-voltages and system 36 for processing signal for each area of the network. The regenerated data is assigned to the correct areas of the network via a switching matrix 41 (Figure 3a). The network interconnection unit 8 shown in Figure 4 is similar in structure to a signal processing unit but supplemented after the switching matrix by a transmission system 42 to the higher order telecommunications network 48. A protocol adaptation system 44 that adapts the data signals from the low-voltage side to the higher-order telecommunication system protocol structures (such as primary network Dect structures) can optionally be assigned to the unit. network interconnection.

The signal conditioning process is repeated until the signal has covered the distance between the terminal 6 of the user and the interconnection unit 8 of the network in one or the other direction. The transfer of data from the user's terminal to the network interconnection unit is only slightly different from the data transfer in the opposite direction. The routes in both directions are selected by the server 51 located in the telecommunications system 48 and transmitted via the interconnection unit of the network and the repeater unit 7. Figure 5 shows the principle of coding in the direction of the data flows that use selected sequence families or Walsh sequences that are shorter than the extended sequences used. The identification of the data flows is explained based on the Walsh sequences; for example, the data that must be sent from the repeater unit 7.1 to the repeater unit 7.3 can be given the address code R3. The repeater unit 7.2 can detect the data with this address code R3 (see Figure 5) and assign it the address code R5 after regeneration. The signal coded in this form and issued will only be regenerated by the repeater unit 7.3 and forwarded to the next repeater unit with the new address code R7. As the physical medium used here, unlike other communication networks, can not be separated in the repeater units, the coded data streams are also received by other repeater units but are neither regenerated, nor encoded, nor issued again . This means that the respective repeater units only process signals having the specific address coding for which they have been intended. Therefore, the repeater unit 7.1 receives the data streams R5 and R2 as they have been regenerated and encoded by the repeater unit 7.2, but does not condition them because it only detects the data streams with address codes R1 and R4 (see Figure 5). ). In this way, the physical separation that is impossible under these conditions is converted into a logical separation. The same physical separation is also applicable to signals that must reach terminal 6 of the user. In the arrangement shown in Figure 5, the repeater units 7.2 and 7.4 and the user terminal 6 are configured in such a way that the latter is powered and queried by the repeater unit 7.2. These transmission signals with the address code R2 are regenerated by the repeater unit 7.4 with the exception of the address code R2.1 which is intended for the user connected to this section and therefore, it is not considered to be regenerated in 7.4. The paths by which a signal is received and optionally, regenerated and repeated, are established by the central server 51 in the upper telecommunications system 48. Figure 6 shows the principle of division of addresses for direct and inverse directions of two frequencies. The repeater unit 7.1 exemplifies that the input signals are transmitted at frequency f2, while the output transmissions in all directions are transmitted on the frequency f1. The transmission and reception frequencies are vice versa for the repeater unit 7.2. If the repeater units are arranged in the form of a ring, there must be an even number of systems and alternatively, two other frequency bands have to be used for data transmission. It is necessary to use address division frequencies because otherwise, the transmission and reception signals would be superimposed and the reception correlator would be blocked by the transmission signal which is too high. In order to improve the signal / crosstalk ratio at the receiving end, all output repeaters for all transmission signals have to be adjusted to the level of the most remote receiver 5. If the repeater unit is 7.1, all transmitters on the frequency f2 have to be adjusted to the Uel level on the 7.1 receiver unit. The principle of division of addresses for direct and inverse directions can be implemented alternatively using a time division multiplexer, requiring a temporary accumulator (buffer) between the time segments to provide a direct and inverse direction. According to Figure 8, elements 55 of high frequency attenuation are installed between the line terminals 46 in the distribution box 3 of ^ fc the local line and a bypass point 47 in a non-spliced section of the low-voltage cable if the distribution boxes 3 of the local line are highly branched to reduce the effect of interfering voltage inputs as shown by arrow 55. A physical coupler 15, 16 to which the relay unit 7 and network interconnection unit 8 are connected is connected via a feeder to each branch point. 47

Claims (25)

NOVELTY OF THE INVENTION Having described the present invention, it is considered as a novelty and, therefore, the content of the following is claimed as property: CLAIMS

1. A method of transmitting data for bidirectional communication using low-voltage systems, either with or without a link to a higher-order telecommunications network of voice or data; method characterized in that the transmission within the low-voltage system takes place in a high frequency range over 148.5 KHz using the in-band extension of the data signals and a transmission level under the interference limit or noise voltage characteristics of line and radio disturbances applicable to the method described; wherein said signals are spread over a frequency band or time range using different sequences of one or several families of numerical values, which to allow multi-channel operations receive an address, frequency or channel assignment coding to specify a logical address specifies a receiver within the low-voltage system; wherein said binary sequences are extended as a specific channel within the low-voltage system being identified and regenerated and reassigned with new address codes for transmission based on the specified sequences using correlation, iteration or false signal suppression methods parallel or transformation time / frequency dependent on attenuation.

2. A method, according to claim 1, characterized in that the Fast Fourier transform is used for the time / frequency transformation.

3. A method, according to claim 1, characterized in that it uses the Fast Hadamard transform for the time / frequency transformation.

4. A method, according to claim 1, characterized in that a combination of Hadamard's Fast Fourier and Fast Transforms is used for the time / frequency transformation.

5. A method, according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a distinction is made between communications 5 only within a low-voltage system or via a voice or data telecommunications network linked to it.

6. A method, according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the signals useful in the received signal are identified by the joint detection method.

7. A method, according to claim 1, characterized in that the extension in specific channel band of the data signals is ^ fc performs using one or several families adapted from sequences of numbers such as the Gold, Walsh or Hadarmard sequences.

8. A method, according to claim 7, characterized in that the adjacent families of number sequences do not contain similar sequences to avoid mutual interference of users located in different area of the network.

9. A method, according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the data stream is multiplied by a Walsh sequence after in-band extension, using the direct sequencing method to give the data stream a logical address in the low-voltage system.

10. A method, according to claim 9, characterized in that the length of the Walsh sequences used for address coding is smaller than the band extension sequences used.

11. A method, according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the logical direction of the data flow in the low-voltage system is identified by the controlled and structured allocation of selected families of number sequences to individual areas of the network that are enclosed by two repeater units or by a repeater unit and an interconnector unit of the network.

12. A method, according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the addresses are separated using time or frequency multiplexing and because the band-extended signals are transmitted in the transmit and receive directions in separate time segments. or separate frequency bands.

13. A method, according to claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the transmission levels of each transmission unit 15 in a network area are placed in such a way that all superimposed signals of a frequency ^ fc comprise closely the same level in the receivers of the repeater or the interconnection unit of the network in the controlled period. 14. A method, according to claims 1 to 8, characterized in that before the effective data transfer an initiation phase is provided plus the ID of the respective user and the user.

The terminal of the user and a sequence of logonium and subsequently, an extended sequence is assigned to the respective user.

15. A method, according to claim 9, characterized in that the IDs of the respective user and of the user's terminal are verified for approval of the terminal device and for authorization of communications of said user in the higher order communications network, afterwards to emit the initiation sequence.

16. An installation for carrying out the method according to any of the preceding claims 1 to 15 comprising a low-voltage system, users connected thereto via user terminals, local line distribution boxes and network stations and a higher order telecommunications network connected to said low-voltage system; installation characterized in that the network interconnection units (8) have been assigned to the network stations (1) for connecting the low-voltage system and the higher order telecommunications network (48) and for channel assignment in the respective one transmission means and because the repeater units (7) are placed at specific distances within the low-voltage system, in which said units have been designed to regenerate and deliver in specific directions the data signals to a descending repeater unit or to a terminal of the user (6) or to a network interconnection unit (8).

17. An installation, according to claim 16, characterized in that the user terminal (6) is associated with the following functional units: physical couplings (10), filters or frequency separators (34), controllable low-noise input amplifier (23), IQ demodulator (11), modulator (9), controllable output amplifier (22), equalizer or false signal suppression unit (24), CDMA processor (18), channel encoder / decoder (25) , voice / data multiplexer (26), voice and operation interface (27), data interface (28), SIM (subscriber identity module) (30), device identification unit (29), microprocessor (31), central clock generation unit (32), synchronization facility (33), emergency power supply unit (35) and controllers to control the input and output levels.

18. An installation, according to claim 17, characterized in that the CDMA processor (18) has been provided to extend the data and add the address code using its assigned extended sequence, a modulator (9) to modulate the signals on a frequency carrier, an amplifier (22) for adjusting the input level required at the receiving end for optimum correlation efficiency and a physical coupler (10) for feeding the extended and coded data stream with address within the low voltage line ( 2) and delivering it to the repeater unit (7) or to the network interconnection unit (8).

19. An installation, according to any of the previous claims from 16 to 18, characterized in that the arrangement of the repeater unit (7) is basically similar to that of the user terminal (6) but the repeater units and parts of the clock generator unit and the synchronization unit can be configured optionally according to the number of channels to be regenerated multiplied by the number of signaling addresses; and the error corrected data signals are fed from the channel decoder into the next channel encoder, either directly or via a switching matrix (41); and in which a stock memory is provided (37) operated by the microprocessor (31) or a client-specific circuit in which the current channel assignments and associated address codes and the sequence to be used are stored, as well as other signal source and acceptor information .

20. An installation, according to claim 19, characterized in that the repeater unit (7) has been designed for use in local distribution boxes (3) and comprises additional physical couplers, modulators, demodulators, controllable output and low input amplifiers. -ruid, control facilities for transmitting and receiving signals and frequency separators or filters that depend on the number of network areas that must be covered.

21. An installation, according to claims 19 and 20, characterized in that the CDMA processor (18) of the repeater unit (7) that is connected to an equalizer or false signal suppressor unit (24) on its receiver side comprises a integrator (12) and a threshold detector (13) for regenerating the transmitted data; and in that the regenerated data signal is multiplied by an extended sequence (19) in said CDMA processor (18) and an address code (20) of the user terminal (6) to which they are addressed or the repeater unit (7). ).

22. The installation according to one of the preceding claims 16 to 21, characterized in that the arrangement of the network interconnection unit (8) is basically similar to that of the repeater unit (7) but the signal processing functional groups digital (18, 24, 25) and the clock generator (32) are configured as multiple units, at least according to the simple number of transmission channels delivered to the higher order telecommunications service (48), plus the number of synchronization channels required for each low voltage line and that the physical couplers and input sections for low * voltage are delivered according to the number of low voltage lines to be covered, and that a microprocessor system is provided for the assignment and ^ configuration of the switching matrix (41) and 5 CDMA processors.

23. An installation according to claim 22, characterized in that an apparatus ID unit and a stock memory for storing The data of all the active connections, which are composed of routing information, channel assignment, signal quality, user terminal ID, used services and the assigned transmission channel, are assigned to the switching center of 15 higher order telecommunications.

24. An installation according to one of the preceding claims 16 to 21, characterized in that the repeater units (7) are placed 20 in, or near the boxes (3) of local line distribution, lighting poles and home connection boxes, in which the distance between the repeater units is around 100 m, or considerably less, in areas of great attenuation . 25

25. The installation, according to one of claims 16 to 24, characterized in that the higher order telecommunications network (48) includes a home location register (49) and a home inspector register (50), for administering a home address. partially mobile service, a registration record (60) for subscriber authorization, a verification register (61) for registering approved terminals, monitoring stations (52) for monitoring data exchange of the network interconnection and repeater units (8, 7) as required by the traffic load, quality and availability, a switching network (56) to deliver calls from the low-voltage system to a transit point (57) or the initiation channels to the microprocessor system (38) ), a server (51) for selecting the shortest routes (58) to the subscriber and a microprocessor unit (59) to determine the optimal route from the switching center to the subscriber. SUMMARY The present invention relates to a method of transmitting data in bidirectional communications in low voltage networks which are provided with or without a link to a telecommunications network of higher order, voice or data. The transmission in the low voltage network takes place in a high frequency range over 148.5 KHz with a band extension of the data signals and a transmission level under the limit of the radio voltage or interference of the line to be applied to the method. The signals that are distributed in the frequency and / or time range and which are provided to guarantee a multi-channel structure with different sequences of one or more families of numerical values, are provided with an address coding, frequency assignment or time channel assignment in order to provide a specific logical address to a receiver in the low voltage network. The sequences of binary data, which are specifically distributed to the channel in this way and which are characterized in a specific directional way, are identified, regenerated and reassigned with a new address identification to route the signals in the low voltage network of according to the degree of attenuation. This is done with the help of sequences determined by means of correlation methods, iteration, false false signal suppression or by means of time / frequency transformation.