MXPA01001249A - Protective refractory shield for a gasifier - Google Patents

Abstract

The protective refractory shield (10) for a gasifier includes a refractory attachment (70, 140) that is mechanically secured to a protectable surface (60) of the gasifier. The refractory attachment (70, 140) includes a plurality of attachment members (70, 140) of predetermined angular sector. The refractory attachment (70, 140) is provided to cover a downwardly facing horizontal surface (60) of the gasifier or to be positioned upon a vertical surface thereof. Latching means for the attachment include a projecting formation that projects from the protectable surface (60) that engages a complementary shaped recess in the attachment (70, 140) to mechanically secure the attachment to the protectable surface (60). The latching means do not form recesses in the protectable surface (60) nor do the refractory attachments (70, 140) form recesses in the protectable surface (60). Thus the integrity of the protectable surface (60) is maintained while it is protected.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention is directed to gasifiers for the processing of carbonaceous fuels and more particularly to a new protective refractory shield which is mechanically secured to a surface of the gasifier to be protected. The processing of carbonaceous fuels, which include coal, oil and gas, to produce gaseous mixtures of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, such as coal gas, synthesis gas, reducing gas or fuel gas is generally carried out in an environment of High temperature of a partial oxidation gasifier with oxidation temperatures of approximately 2400 ° F to 3000 ° F. Partial oxidation gasifiers, one example of which is shown in US Patent E.U.A. No. 2,809,104, are operable with an annular type fuel injection nozzle for introducing the pumpable slurry mixtures of the carbonaceous fuel feed components into a gasifier reaction chamber together with the gases containing oxygen for partial oxidation. The annular type fuel injection nozzle, which is a well-known structure, is generally formed of metal such as a super alloy steel, jd ^^ a-ut-jLAj ^ -tlBi-EiSk-a? MtB ^ * », operation of the gasifier. The carbon-water pasty mixture passing through an exit orifice of the fuel injection nozzle is normally self-ignited at the operating temperatures of the gasifier. Self-ignition of the fuel feed components normally occurs in a region close to the exit hole of the fuel injection nozzle, also known as the reaction zone. The reaction zone is generally the highest thermal gradient zone in the gasifier and the temperature conditions in the reaction zone can cause cracking of fatigue by thermal induction in the exit orifice of the fuel injection nozzle. During the processing by the gasifier of the coal-water slurry mixture component that is fed through the fuel injection nozzle, one of the reaction products is sulfur, a well-known corrosive agent. Because the exit hole of the fuel injection nozzle is exposed to corrosive gases and corrosive slag while operating at the conditions of extreme temperatures previously described, it is particularly vulnerable to rupture caused by thermal corrosion, induced partings by thermal fatigue and chemical deterioration, also referred to as thermal damage and csSbtistibie injection nozzle closing a gasifier is inevitable because the gasification process can not be carried out until the repair or replacement of the fuel injection nozzle is achieved Any closure of a gasifier in operation is expensive due to the completion of synthesis gas production ("syngas") which is normally continuous when the gasifier is in operation. The closing time that is normally required before a fuel injection nozzle can be repaired or replaced can be approximately 8 hours' if there is no damage to the gasifier refractory. In a typical gasifier, 8 hours of closing time result in a significant loss of syngas production. If there is damage to the gasifier refractory, a closing time substantially longer than 8 hours is usually required for gasifier repair. Since the fuel injection nozzle is one of the most valuable components in the gasifier, and the operational closures attributable to the repair and replacement of the fuel injection nozzle result in substantial losses of the production of syngas, there have been progressive efforts to extend the operational life of the fuel injection nozzle. ** & ** & The fuel injection, especially by the contribution of some means of protection against high temperature and corrosion to the area of the exit orifice, are good. known. For example, Patent E.U.A. No. 4,491,456 to Schlinger shows a heat shield for a fuel injection nozzle. The heat shield is held in vertical orientation around the fuel injection nozzle by means of a joining material that joins the heat shield to a surface that must be protected from the fuel injection nozzle. However, the binding material is subject to substantially the same temperature conditions of a fuel injection nozzle that is protected and, thus, is vulnerable to thermal damage and consequent chemical thermal degradation that can cause the bonding material to fail. . The failure of the bonding material will allow the heat shield to fall from the outlet end of the fuel injection nozzle, thus directly exposing the outlet end to the corrosive and thermally damaging environmental conditions in the gasifier. Canadian published application 2,084,035 to Gerhardus et al shows protective ceramic plates to coat the surface of a fuel injection nozzle. The ceramic plates are held in place by a complementary dovetail slot formed on the final surface of the fuel injection nozzle. The dovetail groove formations on the final surface of the fuel injection nozzle are sections of reduced thickness with internal corners that are areas of voltage concentration vulnerable to the particles and thermal damage. In addition, the dovetail projection on the ceramic plates has a narrow support neck that is probably an area of weakness or rupture. Rupture of the support collar can cause the ceramic plates to fall from the final surface of the fuel injection nozzle. Thus, it is desirable to provide a protective refractory shield, for a surface to be protected within the gasifier, including the outlet orifice of a fuel injection nozzle, wherein the protective refractory shield can be mechanically secured to the surface that is to be protected. protect without needing to recess the securing structure or the refractory material on the surface to be protected. During the gasification process, the molten slag gradually flows down along the interior walls of the gasifier to a water bath of the type shown in US Pat. No. 5,464,592. The molten slag, before throat in a floor portion of the gasifier and passes close to a hardening ring and dip tube leading to the water bath. The tempering ring, which is formed of a nickel-iron chromium alloy or nickel-based alloy such as Incoloy, is arranged to irrigate or inject water as a coolant against the walls of the dip tube. However, the tempering ring, which includes surfaces directed downwards that can be contacted for molten slag, you can experience temperatures of approximately 1800 ° F. Because the quenching ring can be exposed to molten slag and corrosive gases at temperatures of approximately 1800 ° F to 2800 ° F it is vulnerable to damage thermal and chemical thermal degradation, especially on the downward facing surfaces surrounding the immersion tube. If the surfaces directed downwards of a hardening ring are thermally shielded with a bonded refractory material, it is likely that the High temperature degradation of the bonding material, resulting in the falling of the refractory material from the surface to be protected. Thus, it is desirable to provide a tempered ring with a protective refractory shield that does not require the joining of the material refractory to a surface to be protected and does not require to protect. OBJECTIVES AND COMPENDIUM OF THE INVENTION Among the many objectives of the invention can be noted 5 the provision of a new protective refractory shield for a gasifier, a new protective refractory shield for a gasifier that can be mounted on a surface thereof that is going to protect without needing to recess the refractory material on the surface to be protected, a new shield protective refractory for a gasifier that can be suspended securely from a generally horizontal surface or be placed securely on a generally vertical surface, a new protective refractory shield for a gasifier that can be secured mechanically against a surface to be protected in the gasifier without the refractory material invading the surface to be protected from the gasifier, a new protective refractory shield for a gasifier that is constituted as a mechanically insurable annular abutment, a new protective refractory shield for a gasifier that is constituted as a mechanically insurable refractory attachment and a new protective refractory shield for a gasifier that includes locking means to mechanically secure the refractory members on the surface to protect without forming any cavities on the surface ^ U ?? ßkáSeáik & > "Ki Other objects and features of the invention will be apparent in part and in part prominently thereafter. According to the invention, the protective refractory shield for a gasifier includes a refractory attachment that can be mounted on a surface to be protected within the gasifier. The attachment has a heat exposure surface that is exposed to the heat flow in the gasifier. The attachment also includes an assurance surface that confronts the surface to be protected within the gasifier. Locking means are provided on the securing surface of the abutment and on the surface to be protected of the gasifier for mechanical securing of the abutment on the surface to be protected without the abutment penetrating the surface to be protected. In a configuration of the invention, the refractory attachment is annular and includes a plurality of fixing members of a predetermined angular sector. Each of the fixing members has a pair of angularly spaced end portions. The fixing members are substantially attached to the end portions when they are placed on the surface to be protected. The working means for securing the attachment to the surface to be protected includes a wedge-shaped or "T" shaped cross-sectional design projecting from Ssigat &Sk ', SSt > , ». '&;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; The "T" shaped formation has a generally circular path with a predetermined discontinuity such that the "T" shaped formation has free end portions. The locking means also includes a locking cavity with a "T" cross section complementary to the "T" shaped formation on the surface to be protected. The refractory attachment can be mounted to the surface to be protected by engaging the locking cavity of each fastening member with a free end of the "T" shaped formation and sequentially loading the fastening members on the shaped formation. of "T" until the latter has been fully charged. The discontinuity in the "T" shaped formation is then partially filled by the addition of an extension to the "T" shaped formation. A fixing member of smaller size than the previous attachments is then loaded onto the "T" shaped formation. The previously loaded fixing members are slid along the "T" shaped formation until a fixing member fills the partially filled discontinuity. The fixing members, which surround the formation in the form of "T", are locked in position to prevent the sliding of the members of In separate configurations of the invention, the formation in the form of "T" can be provided on a surface to protect substantially horizontal, such as in the fuel injection nozzle and in another configuration of the invention, the "T" shaped formation can be provided on a vertical annular surface, such as in the tempering ring. The invention therefore comprises the constructions defined below, the scope of the invention being indicated in the claims. DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a simplified schematic elevational view, shown partially in section, of a multi-roll fuel injection nozzle with a protective refractory shield incorporating a configuration of the invention. Figure 2 is an enlarged fragmented view of the structure with reference to circle 2 of Figure 1; Figure 3 is an open view thereof showing the fastening components of the protective refractory shield prior to installation in the outlet opening of the fuel injection nozzle; Figure 4 is a bottom view of the fuel injection nozzle showing the locking means that secure the refractory attachments of the protective shield, the internal nozzles of the fuel injection nozzle being omitted here and in the subsequent figures for the sake of of clarity; Figure 5 is a bottom profile view similar to Figure 4 showing the members of an annular refractory attachment that are positioned on the locking rail; Figures 6 and 7 are views similar to Figure 5 showing the finish of an installation of the annular refractory attachment on the locking rail; Figure 8 is a view similar to Figure 7 showing a second annular refractory fixture positioned radially beyond the first installed annular refractory fixture; Figure 9 is a view similar to Figure 2 showing another configuration of the invention; Figure 10 is a simplified schematic perspective view in which the members of an annular refractory attachment are mounted to a vertical surface within a gasifier such as a quenching ring surface; Figure 11 is a profile view taken on line 11-11 of Figure 10; Figure 12 is a profile view taken on line 12-12 of Figure 12; and annular refractory abutments with a layer of insulating material between a lower structure of the annular abutment and an upper structure of the annular abutment. Corresponding reference numbers indicate corresponding parts through the many views of the drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION A protective refractory shield for a gasifier incorporating a configuration of the invention is generally indicated by the reference numeral 10 in Figure 1. The protective refractory shield 10 is mounted to the fuel injection nozzle 20 of the type used by partial oxidation gasifiers, for example, and described in detail in the US Patent No. 4,443,230 of Stellacio. The fuel injection nozzle 20 has a central supply flow conduit 22, and concentric annular supply flow conduits 24, 26 and 28 which converge at the outlet end of the nozzle to form an outlet port 32. In a Typical operation of the fuel injection nozzle 20, the conduit 22 provides a feed flow of gaseous fuel materials, such as, for example, the gas group containing free oxygen, steam, recycled product gas and hydrocarbon gas. The conduit 24 provides a pasty mixture of pumpable liquid phase of pasty coal-water mixture. The annular conduits 26 and 28 provide two separate flow rates of fuel such as, for example, free oxygen containing gas optionally mixed with a temperature moderator. The oxygen-containing exit gas, the carbonaceous pasty mixture flow rate, and the free oxygen containing streams 22, 24, 26 and 28 converge at a predetermined distance past the exit port 32 of the fuel injection nozzle 20 in close proximity to the exit end of the nozzle 30 to form a reaction zone (not shown) where the converging fuel flows self-ignite. The self-ignition of the fuel flows is increased by the disintegration or atomization of the convergent fuel flows as they exit the outlet orifice of the nozzle 32. Such atomization promotes the reaction of the product and the development of the heat that It is required by the gasification process. As a result, the reaction zone which is in close proximity to the outlet end 30 of the fuel injection nozzle 20 is characterized by intense heat, with temperatures ranging from about 2400 ° F to 3000 ° F. An annular coaxial water cooling jacket 40 is provided at the outlet end 30 of the fuel injection nozzle 20 to cool the outlet end The cooling water 42 comes out at 46 from the annular cooling jacket 40 inside a cooling coil 48 and then It emerges from the cooling coil 48 within any known suitable recirculation or drainage device.An outer annular surface 50 of the cooling jacket 40 forms the outer annular surface of the outlet orifice 32. A refractory crimping 54 is provided at the end of the outlet. outlet 30 between the cooling jacket 40 and an inner surface 56 of the outlet hole 32 at the outlet end 30, and does not form part of the present invention An annular base wall portion 58 of the outlet end forms a bottom wall of the cooling jacket 40 which is exposed to the intense heat generated in the reaction zone of the fuel injection nozzle 20. The base wall portion 58 is thus vulnerable to tea damage. The thermal and chemical degradation that can cause leakage in the cooling jacket 40 and thus accelerate the rupture of the fuel injection nozzle 20. The protective refractory shield 10 is provided on a generally horizontal heat receiving surface 60 of the annular portion. base wall 58 of the outlet end of the nozzle 30. The heat receiving surface 60 constitutes a 10 includes a radially internal annular refractory attachment 70 and a radially external annular refractory attachment 140, both having a generally circular shape. Referring to Figures 2-4 and especially Figure 3, the radially inner annular refractory attachment, hereinafter referred to as internal attachment 70, includes a plurality of attachment members or segments 72, 74, 76, 78, 80, 82 , 84 and 86 of a predetermined angular sector such as approximately 45 ° of arc. The segments 72-86 each have a pair of end portions 90 and 92 that are substantially planar. The annular abutment 70 further includes the closure fastening members or closure segments 94 and 96 that are approximately half the angular sector of the segments 72-86, such as approximately 20 ° of arc. The closure segments 94 and 96 include the end portions 90 and 92 and are otherwise similar in structure to the segments 72-86. Each of the segments 72-86 and 94-96 includes a securing surface 100 (Figure 3) that confronts the surface to be protected 60 of the fuel injection nozzle 10. Segments 72-86 and 94-96 also include a heat exposure surface 102 facing the heated environments of the gasifier chamber (not shown). The securing surface 100 (Figure 3) is a "T" -shaped groove 106 extending from a planar end portion 90 to the opposite planar end portion 92 of each of the segments 72-86 and 94-96. The heat exposure surface 102 (Figure 3) includes a flat surface portion 108 (Figure 2) opposite the locking cavity 106. The flat surface portion 108 lies in a substantially horizontal plane, perpendicular to a central axis of the attachment. annular refractory 70. Each of segments 72-86 and 94-96 includes a radially internal peripheral surface 110 (Figure 3) and a radially outer peripheral surface 112. The radially outer peripheral surface 112 is formed with a step projecting toward up 116 on the securing surface 100. Referring to Figures 2-4, the locking means that includes a "T" shaped locking element or locking rail 120 is provided on the surface to be protected 60 of the nozzle fuel injection 20. In cross section (Figure 2), the "T" shaped rail 120 includes a leg portion 130 that is welded to the surface to be protected 60 and a flange 132 in a end of the "T" that is separated from the surface 60. The "T" shaped locking rail 120 is of complementary cross section with the locking cavity 106 of the segments 72-86 and 94-96. The rail fe ^^^? É¡e | ^ ¿> 3 ^^^^ Free end portions 122 and 124 (Figure 4) defining a discontinuity 126 of rail 120. Discontinuity 126 is about 42-45 ° in arc and slightly longer than any of segments 72-86 to allow the placement of the segments in the discontinuity 126 for the loading of the segments on the "T" shaped rail 120. The assembly of the annular refractory attachment 70 to the surface to be protected 60 is achieved by means of the sequential load of the segments 72-86 on the rail 120. For example, a first segment such as 72 is placed in the discontinuity 126 (Figure 4) with the segment end 90 aligned with the rail end 122. The segment 72 is loaded on the "T" shaped rail 120 (FIG. 5) with the segment cavity 106 at the segment end 90 first engaging the free end 122 of the "T" shaped rail 120. The segment 72 is slid along the rail in the form of "T" 120 until the end portion 90 is tea positioned next to the free end 124 of the "T" shaped rail 120, as shown in Figure 5. The remaining segments 74, 76, 78, 80, 82, 84 and 86 are then loaded sequentially onto the rail in "T" shape 120 in a manner similar to that described for segment 72 and slides along rail 120 such that end portions 90 and 92 of the loaded segments are in substantial backing as shown in the Figure After the segments 2'j & They have been loaded on ex. rail 120, a section of the rail 138, of approximately 20 ° in arc, is welded to the surface to be protected 60 in backing 5 with the free end 122 of the rail 120 (Figure 7) to form an appendix to the rail 120 and partially fill the discontinuity 126. The rail section 138 is thus an arcuate continuation of the rail 120 and has a free end 142 separated from the free end 124 of the rail 120 to define a reduced discontinuity or gap 144 (Figure 5). The discontinuity 144 encompasses an arc of approximately 23 ° which is slightly longer than the arc encompassed by each of the closure segments 94 and 96. The closure segment 94 (Figure 6), for example, is placed in the gap and is loaded onto the rail section 138 with the end portion 90 first engaging the free end 142 of the rail section 138. The closure segment 94 is slid along the rail section 138 and over the rail 120 until the end portion 90 is positioned against the end portion 92 of the last loaded section 86. The closure segment 96 (Figure 7) is also loaded onto the rail section 138 and the rail 120 in a manner similar to that described for the closure segment 94. The loaded segments 72-86 and 94-96 now form a necklace substantially continuous of segments on rail 120 and the further slid on the rail 120 and the rail section 138 until one of the mating segments 72-86 bridges the discontinuity 144 (Figure 8). The segments 72-86 and 94-96 are then locked in position in a known suitable manner. For example, a steel pin 139 (Figures 2 and 7) is passed into a hole that is drilled into one of the segments such as segment 84 (Figure 7) and the surface of the fuel injection nozzle 20 after that all the segments have been placed on the rail 120 and the rail segment 138. The pin 139 can be placed on the internal radius of segment collar 72-86 and 94-96 as shown in Figure 8, or the outer radius of the segment collar 72-86 and 94-96, and prevents further slippage of the segment collar on the rail 120 and the rail section 138. The pin 139 may be welded in place. The locking means that includes a "T" shaped rail 150 of greater diameter than the rail 120, but of cross section similar to 120, is welded on the surface to be protected 60 at a predetermined radial distance from the rail 120 to allow the concentric hitch between the abutments 70 and 140. The "T" shaped rail 150 has the leg portion 130 and the rim "T" identical to those of the "T" shaped rail 120. The rail 150 also has portions free ends 152 and 154 - "- *» - •• '- tf - * - »» * ^, ^ i ***, ... s ^^ .., ..o .. * A * j? ^ Ffi¡: approximately 42 a 45 ° of arc The rail 150 accompanies the annular refractory attachment 140 which includes the refractory segments 160, 162, 164, 166, 168, 170, 172 and 174 (Figure 3) of approximately 40 ° of arc and the segments of closing 176 and 178 of approximately 20 ° of arc Each of the segments 160-174 and 176,178 includes a securing surface 180 (Figure 3) corresponding to the securing surface 100 and confronting the surface to be protected 60. The segments 160 -174 and 176,178 also include a heat exposure surface 182 corresponding to the heat exposure surface 108 (Figure 2) The segments 160-174 and 176,178 have an inner peripheral surface 184 (Figure 3) with a bottom step 186 in the horizontal portion of the heat exposure surface 182. The stepped inner peripheral surface 184 of the segments 160-174 and 176,178 is Complementary form with the stepped inner peripheral surface of segments 72-86 and 94-96 to allow concentric overlapping engagement between the segments of each of the abutments 70 and 140.

The assembly of the annular refractory attachment 140 to the surface to be protected 60 is achieved in a manner similar to that described above for the attachment 70. Thus, a first segment, such as 160, is loaded onto the "T" shaped rail 150 with the segment end 90 engaging the free end 152 of the similarly loaded and slides along the "T" shaped rail 150 until all of the segments have been loaded. Under this arrangement, the step-shaped formation 186 on the inner peripheral surface 184 of the segments 160-174 is interlocked with the step-like formation 116 on the outer peripheral surface 112 of the segments 72-86 and 94-96. When all segments 160-174 have been loaded on the rail 150, a rail segment 192 (Figure 8) of about 18 ° in arc is welded onto the surface to be protected 60 at the free end 152 of the rail 150. The rail segment 192 forms a continuity of the rail 150 and this way partially fills or narrows the discontinuity 156 (Figure 7) to a gap 194 (Figure 8) of approximately 23 °. The closure segments 176 and 178 are then loaded onto the rail segment 192 and the rail 150 in a manner similar to that previously described for the closure segments 94 and 96 to form a segment collar 160-178. The necklace of segments 160-178 is slid ego around the rail 150 and the rail segment 192 until one of the larger segments 160-174 bridges the rail gap 194 (Figure 8). The collar of segments is then locked in position by means of another pin 139 (Figures 2 and 8) which is held in place as described above for the collar of one of the segments, such as the segment 166 (Figure 8) and the surface to be protected 60 4fl; the fuel injection nozzle 20. 5 Although the size of the attachments 70 and 140 may vary according to the size of the end outlet 30 of the fuel injection nozzle 20, a segment, such as 72, may have a radius of about 3 inches to the inner peripheral surface 110 and a radial thickness of 4. inches from the inner peripheral surface 110 to the outer peripheral surface 112. The axial thickness from the surface 108 to the surface 100 is approximately 1/2 inch. Step 116 projects approximately 1/4 inch from the outer peripheral surface and is approximately 1/4 inch axial thickness. The "T" shaped rails 70 and 140 are approximately 1/8 to 1/4 inch in height from the surface to be protected 60. The "T" shaped groove 106 in the segments 72-84, 94- 96 and 160-178 is dimensioned to allow sliding movement of the segments and have a tolerance of about + 1/32 inches relative to the surface of the rails in the shape of "T". A protective refractory shield incorporating another configuration of the invention is generally indicated by the reference number 10a in Figure 9. The shield ^ f. ^^. a ^^^ - ^^^^ f ^^^^. ^^ - ^ - ^ .....: ...., i | * Internal annular rim 70a and an external annular refractory attachment 140a both formed with locking means including a wedge-shaped recess in the shape of a wedge or slot 106a. The abutments 70a and 140a are otherwise identical to the abutments 70 and 140 of the protective refractory shield 10. Referring again to FIG. 9, the locking means that includes the locking elements in the form of a dovetail or in the form of wedge or locking rails 120a and 150a is provided on the surface to be protected 60 of the fuel injection nozzle 20. The wedge-shaped locking rails 120a and 150a are of complementary cross section with the wedge-shaped locking cavity 106a of the attachments 70a and 140a. The assembly of the annular refractory attachments 70a and 140a to the surface to be protected 60 is accomplished in a manner similar to that described for the abutments 70 and 140 of the protective refractory shield 10. A protective refractory shield incorporating yet another configuration of the invention is indicated by the reference number 240 in Figures 12-15. The protective refractory shield 140 generally includes generally circular upper and lower refractory attachments 250 and 300 mounted to a generally downward vertical surface 242 of a tempering ring 244 of the gasifier (not shown). The surface 242 is, thus, a surface a plurality of fastening members or segments 254. The number of segments is a matter of selection and may be from about 8 to 20 segments. The segments 254 can thus have an angular sector of about 18 to 45 degrees of arc. The segments 254 have the stepped end portions 256 and 258 in a complementary fashion to allow intermixing or overlap of the adjacent stepped end portions 256 and 258. The segment 254 includes an assurance surface 252 (Figure 14) confronting the surface to be protected 242, and a heat exposure surface 264 facing the heated environments of the gasifier chamber (not shown). The securing surface 262 has a securing means including a "T" -shaped cavity or groove 268 extending from the stepped end portion 256 to the stepped end portion 258. The heat exposure surface 264 is formed as a curved annular surface opposite the "T" -shaped cavity 268. The curved surfaces of heat exposure 264 of the segments 254 lie in a cylindrical plane substantially parallel to a central axis (not shown) of the attachment 250. The segments 254 include in addition a horizontal edge 272 that is substantially planar and an opposite horizontal edge (Figure 13) that is opposite. *, formed as a complementary locking means for the "T" shaped groove 268 is welded to the surface to be protected 242 in the same manner as the "T" shaped rail 120 is welded to a surface to be protected 60 of the fuel injection nozzle 20. The "T" shaped rail 280 is a substantially annular formation with free end portions 282 and 284 defining a discontinuity or gap 286 in the rail 280. The discontinuity 286 in the rail 280 is slightly longer in arcuate length than any of the segments 254 measured from the stepped end portion 256 to the stepped end portion 258. The arcuate size of the segment 254 is a matter of selection. If desired, segments 254 of different arched size may be used in any order selected for the abutments 250 and 300. However, it will be noted that the discontinuity 286 in the locking rail 280 will be of sufficient size to accommodate the segment 254 of greater size. The assembly of the attachment 250 to the surface to be protected 242 is achieved by loading the segments 254 on the "T" shaped work rail 280 such that the "T" shaped groove 268 at the stepped end 256, for example, engage the free end 282 of the rail 280. The segment 254 is slid along the "T" shaped rail 280 until the free 284 of the "T" shaped rail 280. The additional segments 254 are sequentially loaded on the "T" shaped rail 280 in a manner similar to that described above, and slid along the rail 280 until the stepped end portions 256 and 258 of each adjacent segment 254 are interspersed in the manner shown in FIG. Figure 12. When the rail 280 has been fully loaded with the segments 254, the breach 286 is ready for closing by means of a closing segment 288. The closing segment 288 includes a "T" -shaped belay slot 290 (Figure 13) with an open end 292 extending from the horizontal planar edge 272 to a closed end 294 at about 2/3 of the distance between the horizontal edges 272 and 274. The closure segment 288 is otherwise identical to segment 254. A "T" shaped metal bolt 296 with a rectangular head is welded to the surface to be protected 242 in the gap 286 after the rail 280 has been fully loaded with the segments 254. The bolt 296 is located approximately midway between rail ends 282 and 284 and is complementary to the slot 290 in the closing segment 288. The closing segment 288 can thus be engaged with the metal bolt 296 in the manner shown in Figure 12. Once the Closing segment 288 is bonded with a known suitable ceramic adhesive. The stepped end portions 256 and 258 of the segment 254 at the rail ends 282 and 284, thereby prevent any movement of the segments 254 relative to the rail 280. Another locking rail 310, identical to the locking rail 280, is weld on the surface to be protected 242 at a predetermined axial distance from the locking rail 280. The locking rail 310 accommodates the segments 254 in the same manner as the locking rail 280. However, the segments 254 are rotated 180 ° from such that the stepped end portion 274 of the segments 254 on the rail 280 engages the stepped end portion 274 of the segments 254 on the rail 310. The segments 254 are loaded onto the rail 310 in a manner similar to that described for the segments 254 on the rail 280. When the rail 310 is fully loaded with the segments 254, the gap 286 on the rail 310 is closed with a closing segment 312 mounted on an identical "T" 314 bolt to the "T" bolt 296. The closing segment 312 is similar to the closing segment 288, except that the open end of the slot 290 is at the stepped edge 274. If desired, a sealing material 316 (FIG. 15) as silicon carbide cement, it may be provided between the upper abutments 300 to be engaged with the lower abutment 250. The sealing material 316 serves to lock the abutments in a set preventing the movement thereof in relation to the rails 280 and 310 Although the size of the abutments 250 and 300 may vary according to the size of the surface to be protected 242, the segment 258 may have a radius of about 18-42 inches and a radial thickness of about 1/2 to 1 inch. The axial height of the segment 258 from the horizontal surface 272 to the horizontal surface 274 may be about 3/4 inch. The step on the surface 274 may project approximately 1/4 inch. The "T" shaped rails 280 and 310 are about 1/2 high from the surface to be protected 242. The leg of the rails 280 and 310 is about 1/16 inch thick and the top of the " T "is 1/8 inch wide and 1/16 thick. The slot 268 is dimensioned to allow sliding movement of the segments 258 on the rails 280 and 310. A tolerance of approximately 1/32 inch is provided between the rails 280 and 310 in the "T" -shaped groove 268. You will notice that the rails and grooves in the form of a dovetail and wedge shape can be used wherever rails and slots are shown. * "* * &** ** ** ** **, X * previous description, include a protective refractory shield for a gasifier that does not protect from it and is mechanically secured against the surface to be protected by members The locking members project from the surface to be protected and hook interlocking cavities formed in a complementary manner that are provided in the refractory attachment, since the securing of the protective refractory shield for a gasifier does not depend on the joining material, the Refractory shield can remain in place under conditions that would adversely affect a bonding material.The protective refractory shield can be installed, repaired or easily replaced and, thus, allows the surface to be protected from the gasifier to withstand thermal damage and chemical thermal degradation. In order to prolong the service life of the gasifier, in view of the above, it is seen that the different of the invention are achieved, and other advantageous results obtained. Since several changes can be made to the above constructions without departing from the scope of the invention, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings be construed as illustrative not in a limiting sense. iani'- "- .. ¡S ^ jaád

Claims (10)

1. CLAIMS 1. A protective shield for a gasifier, comprising: (a) a refractory annex mountable on a surface to be protected inside the gasifier; (b) the refractory appendix has a surface exposed to heat that is exposed to a heat current in the gasifier, and an insurer surface facing the surface to be protected inside the gasifier, and (c) an insuring device in the insuring surface and on the surface to be protected, to mechanically secure the refractory fitting on the surface to be protected, without the refractory fitting penetrating the surface to be protected. The protective shield claimed in claim 1, wherein the refractory appendage is annular and includes a plurality of predetermined angular sector joining members, wherein each joint member has a pair of angularly spaced apart end portions, and the joining members are essentially superimposed on the end portions. 3. The protective shield claimed in claim 2, wherein the securing device includes a securing element provided on the surface to be protected, which projects outside the surface to be protected, and a complementary portion of the safety formed on the surface of the insurer. union members to join with the insurance element. 4. The protective shield claimed in claim 3, wherein the complementary insurance portion is an insulating notch formed in the securing surface of the joining members. 5. The protective shield claimed in claim 4, wherein the securing element projects from the surface to be protected. The protective shield claimed in claim 4, wherein the joining members have opposed end portions and the secure groove extends from one end portion to the other end portion of the joining members. The protective shield claimed in claim 2, which includes a plurality of annular refractory attachments concentrically joined. 8. The protective shield claimed in claim 2, which includes a plurality of annular refractory attachments joined one above the other in a generally cylindrical plane. 9. A gasifier comprising: (a) a surface to be protected inside the gasifier, exposed to heat inside the gasifier; (b) a refractory annex mountable on the surface to be protected; (c) the refractory annex has a heat exposure surface which is exposed to a heat current in the gasifier, and an insuring surface confronted to the surface to be protected inside the gasifier, and (d) an insuring device on the insuring surface and on the surface to be protected, to mechanically secure the refractory accessory on the surface to be protected, without the refractory accessory penetrating the surface to be protected. 10. A gasifier comprising: (a) a surface to be protected inside the gasifier, exposed to heat inside the gasifier; (b) an annular refractory attachment mountable on the surface to be protected; (c) the annular refractory appendix includes a plurality of predetermined angular sector joining members, wherein each joint member has a pair of angularly spaced apart end portions, and the joining members are essentially superimposed on the end portions; (d) the joining members have a surface of exposure to heat that is exposed to a heat current in the gasifier, and an insurance surface facing the surface to be protected inside the gasifier, and (e) an insuring device provided on the insuring surface and on the surface to be protected, to mechanically secure the refractory fitting on the surface to be protected, without the refractory fitting penetrating the surface to be protected. *** ^ - t * tsia &&aa * The protective refractory shield for a gasifier includes a refractory attachment that is mechanically secured to; < * a surface to be protected from the gasifier. The refractory attachment includes a plurality of predetermined angular sector fixing members. The refractory attachment is provided to cover a horizontal surface facing downwardly of the gasifier or to be placed on a vertical surface thereof. The locking means for the attachment includes a projection formation projecting from the surface to be protected that engages a cavity in a complementary manner in the attachment to mechanically secure the attachment to the surface to be protected. The locking means does not form cavities in the surface to be protected and does not require that the refractory attachments form cavities in the surface to be protected. Thus, the integrity of the surface to be protected is maintained while at the same time it is protected.