MXPA00011378A - Systems and methods for producing standby uninterruptible power for ac loads using rectified ac and battery - Google Patents

Abstract

Systems and mehtods for producing standby uninterruptible power for an AC load rectify an AC utility input voltage to produce a rectified voltage and activate a DC battery voltage in response to a change in the AC utility input voltage to thereby produce a standby DC voltage. The rectified voltage and the standby DC voltage are connected to an AC load that includes input rectification to thereby produce standby uninterruptible power without the need for costly, bulky, and/or unreliable inverters or converters. Seamless transfer of power may be provided to support the AC load upon failure of the AC utility input voltage and upon restoration of the AC utility input voltage. The AC utility input voltage is preferably rectified by a diode rectifier, most preferably a full-wave diode rectifier including at least four diodes, to produce the rectified voltage. A diode switch is used to activate the DC voltage from the battery in response to a change in the AC utility input voltage to thereby produce the standby DC voltage. The diode switch may include a separate diode and an electronic or electromechanical switch. Alternatively, the diode switch may be a single element such as a thyristor. The diode rectifier and the diode and switch are connected in a diode-OR connection that provides the standby uninterruptible power for the output of the UPS. The diode-OR connection allows the strongest source to support the AC load at all times.

Description

SYSTEMS AND METHODS TO PRODUCE UNINTERRUPTIBLE ENERGY OF RESERVE FOR ALTERNATE CURRENT LOADS USING RECTIFIED ALTERNATING CURRENT AND BATTERY FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to energy sources and more particularly to systems and methods for producing uninterruptible reserve energy.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) are widely used to provide power to the electronic components in the event that the general-purpose alternating current (AC) input voltage fails. UPSs are now widely used, for example with computers, including, but not limited to, personal computers, workstations, minicomputers and central processing computers, to ensure that valuable data is not lost and that the computer can continue operating notwithstanding the temporary loss of the input voltage of general use of alternating current. Referring to Fig. 1A, a simplified block diagram of an AC load supplied with power by a general-purpose AC input voltage is shown. As shown in Figure 1, the general-purpose AC input voltage 100 is supplied to the first pin 102 such as a wall receptacle to which an AC 120 load is plugged. In this conventional arrangement, if the voltage fails General-purpose AC input, the operation of the AC load 120 can be stopped. Referring now to FIG. 1 B, an uninterruptible power source 110 is inserted between the first pin 102 of the utility's general input voltage. CA 100 and the AC load 120. It will be understood that the UPS can be external to the AC load 120, so that the UPS 110 and the AC load 120 are connected by a second plug 112 as shown in Figure 1 B. Alternatively, the UPS 110 can be integrally included as part of the AC load 120. Figure 1 B also illustrates details of an AC load 120 including an electronic circuit system. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that some AC loads, such as AC motors, can operate directly on the AC current provided by the UPS. However, when the AC load includes the electronic circuit system 140, the electronic circuit system typically operates from one or more direct current (DC) operational voltages. Thus, as shown in Figure 1B, the electronic circuit system 140 operates from three DC operational voltages 138a-138c at -5 volts DC, +5 volts DC and -12 volts DC, respectively. Other DC operational voltages can be used. It will be understood that the electronic circuit system 140 may be a personal computer, a workstation, a minicomputer, a central processing computer or any other domestic, commercial or military electronic product. In order to supply the DC voltages 138a-138c, a power source 130 converts the DC current produced by the UPS 110 to the DC operational voltages 138a-138c for the electronic circuit system 140. Accordingly, the power source 130 typically includes input rectification, for example as provided by the full-wave rectifier diodes 132, which produce a rectified voltage. It will also be understood by those skilled in the art that half-wave input rectification or other input forms for rectification can also be used. A capacitor 134 can be used to filter the rectified voltage of the half wave rectifier diodes 132. Filtered voltage is provided to a DC to DC converter 136. The DC to DC converter 136 may include a boost converter and / or a high frequency converter, as is well known to those skilled in the art. A booster converter may be included to provide correction of the power factor and to reduce the total harmonic distortion in the input AC line current. The design of the energy source 130 is well known to those skilled in the art and need not be described in more detail herein. UPSs can be generally classified into online UPS and backup UPS. In an online UPS, the battery is used to power the AC load through a DC to AC inverter. An AC to DC converter (also referred to as a "charger") keeps the battery in its charged state. Since the battery is always supplying power to the AC load, there is no need for a transition when the AC utility input voltage fails. In addition, the battery can filter the distortion and noise in the general-purpose AC input voltage and thus reduce the "pitch" to the AC load. Unfortunately, online UPS can require a large battery, an AC to DC converter and a DC to AC inverter. Accordingly, online UPS can be expensive and bulky. In contrast, a backup UPS supplies the AC load from the general-purpose AC input voltage until the utility AC input voltage fails. A battery and an inverter are then connected to supply the AC load with power. The battery and the inverter therefore supply only the AC load on a reserve basis. Figure 2 is a block diagram of a conventional backup UPS. As shown in Figure 2, standby UPS 110 'accepts the AC 100 general-purpose input voltage from the first pin 102 and feeds the general-purpose AC input voltage to an AC load via a second pin. 112 through a first switch 202. The first switch 202 may be a relay and / or a thyristor (triac) that remains closed while the general-purpose AC input voltage is supplied to the first pin 102. After the loss of the CA 100 general-purpose input voltage, the first switch 202 is opened. The first switch 202 can be opened due to its normally open configuration or under the control of the controller 214. The second switch 204 is then closed by the controller 214. By closing the second switch 204, a DC to AC inverter 212 supplies AC power from the battery 210 to the AC load 120 via the second plug 112. When the AC utility input voltage is recovered to the first plug 102 , the second switch 204 is opened and the first switch 202 is closed, thus disconnecting the battery 206. The opening and closing of the first switch 202 and the second switch 204 can be controlled by the controller 214 after detecting voltage loss and restoration CA 100 general-purpose input via a detection line 216. Other arrangements may also be used as is well known to those skilled in the art. A charger 206 maintains the battery 210 in the charged state. The design and operation of a conventional backup UPS 110 'are well known to those skilled in the art and need not be described in more detail herein. Unfortunately, a conventional backup UPS 110 'can have many drawbacks. For example, in order to avoid reverse feeding of the standby UPS 110 'to the general-purpose AC input voltage 100 via the first pin 102, a delay is preferably applied by the controller 214, so that the first one is opened. switch 202 before the second switch 204 closes. This makes the interruption of the general purpose AC input voltage 100 to the backup battery 210 a "cut before shutting down" transition. The AC 120 load will generally be de-energized during this transition. In addition, it may be necessary for the switch 204 to be a bi-directional high voltage switch that can block the maximum input line voltage in addition to blocking the inverter voltage. Finally, it may be necessary that the DC to AC inverter 212 supplying power to the battery 210 be fully rated on a continuous basis and be capable of supplying the impulse energy demands of the AC load on a short-term basis. It may also be necessary for the DC to AC inverter 212 to provide insulation between the battery and the load when the battery is low voltage and earthed. According to it, the inverter from DC to AC 212 can be expensive and unreliable. Examples of online UPSs that include a high frequency resonant converter are illustrated in the U.S. patent. 5,291, 383 of the present inventor Oughton which is assigned to the assignee of the present invention. In this patent, Figure 1 illustrates a block diagram of a UPS system. The UPS system comprises a rectifier that can be connected to a general-purpose AC power source. The rectifier provides a DC voltage to an input filter, which provides unregulated DC voltage at the input of a high frequency resonant converter. The resonant converter provides regulated AC voltage at its output to an isolation power transformer. The power transformer includes a primary winding and a secondary winding, coupling with the primary winding and the secondary winding the converter to the rectifier which, through an output filter, supplies DC voltage to a pulse width modulation inverter (PWM). The PWM inverter supplies an AC voltage to the load connected to the UPS system through a low pass filter. An appropriate control circuit system is provided for the control of the PWM inverter and for the control of the resonant converter. The UPS system also includes a battery that can be connected to the input of the converter through a switch and a charger for the battery, a charger that is also connected to an AC source. See Oughton's patent, column 1, lines 13-36. See also the patent of E.U.A. 5,057,698 of Widener and the present inventor Oughton. U.S. Patent 4,788,450 to Wagner writes a protection energy switch in which a P-channel field-effect transistor includes an inherent junction diode. As normally used, the inherent diode is cross-polarized and therefore effectively out of circuit. An uninterruptible power source arrangement that includes primary and protective voltage sources supplies uninterrupted power to a load through two or more connected P-channel field-effect transistors so that their inherent diodes behave to provide an OR function. , independent of the field effect operation of the field effect transistors. A control circuit controls the gate voltage relative to the source voltage of each transistor to selectively short-circuit the inherent diode of that transistor that is connected to the power source that is to drive the load. This polarizes inversely the other inherent diodes and effectively withdraw the other energy source from the circuit, so that energy is extracted from the load only from the selected energy source, there is no potential for direct diode bonding that reduces the charging voltage, nor dissipation in excess. Japanese patent extracts, volume 097, No. 008, August 29, 1997, publication No. 09 093833 A, describe an interruptible power source in which the input of a connection unit is connected with a battery to through an FET (field effect transistor) and a voltage detection control circuit to detect the interruption of an AC / DC converter. At the time of normal operation of the AC DC converter, a FET is disconnected and a parasitic diode that exists in the FET (source-consumption) constitutes an O-diode together with the diode in the AC / DC converter. A voltage of the AC / DC converter is normally fed and when the voltage decreases, it is detected by the voltage detection control circuit and the FET is turned on to supply a voltage of a battery. The above description indicates that UPS can be expensive, complicated and bulky, and prone to reliability problems. Backup UPSs can not provide instantaneous transition to AC load after the loss of AC utility general input voltage.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide improved systems and methods of standby UPSs that can provide standby and uninterruptible power for AC loads. It is another object of the present invention to provide systems and methods for producing stand-by uninterruptible power for an AC load that can reduce the cost, complexity and / or volume of the components that are used. It is still another object of the present invention to provide systems and methods for producing stand-by uninterruptible power for an AC load that can provide instantaneous transfer of power to the AC load after the AC and utility general purpose input voltage failure. the restoration of the general-purpose AC input voltage. These and other objects are provided, in accordance with the present invention, by systems and methods for producing stand-by uninterruptible power for an AC load, which rectify a commonly used AC input voltage to produce a rectified voltage and which activate the voltage of a DC battery in response to a predetermined change in the general-purpose AC input voltage to thereby produce a standby DC voltage. The rectified voltage and backup DC voltage are connected to an AC load that includes input rectification to thereby produce uninterruptible standby power without the need for costly, bulky and / or unreliable inverters or converters. Instantaneous energy transfer can be provided to support the AC load following the failure of the general-purpose AC input voltage and after restoration of the general-purpose AC input voltage. The present invention stems from the observation that many AC loads, including, but not limited to, AC loads including electronic circuitry and a power source with input rectification as described in connection with FIG. 1B, do not need AC power at the entrance of the same. Rather, many AC loads can operate satisfactorily from a rectified AC source. Accordingly, rather than producing AC power to the AC load when the AC utility general input voltage is operational, rectified AC power is produced. After failure of the AC general-purpose input voltage, the battery supplies a backup DC voltage. The rectified DC voltage and backup DC voltage can be used successfully by many AC loads that include input rectification. Accordingly, the need for voluminous and expensive inverters and converters can be eliminated to allow for the reduced cost, volume and / or improved reliability of the UPS. In a preferred embodiment, the AC general-purpose input voltage is rectified using one or more diodes. These diodes can avoid reverse power to the AC general-purpose input voltage, so that the standby DC voltage can be applied to the AC load immediately, to provide an instantaneous transition. A diode switch (ie a unidirectional switch) activates and deactivates the battery, so that it is not necessary to deactivate the battery until one makes sure that the general-purpose AC input voltage has been fully restored. Accordingly, instantaneous power can be supplied to the load after the restoration of the general-purpose AC input voltage. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the AC general-purpose input voltage is rectified by a diode rectifier, most preferably a full-wave diode rectifier that includes at least four diodes, to produce the rectified voltage. A diode switch is used to activate the DC voltage of the battery in response to a predetermined change in the general-purpose AC input voltage to thereby produce the standby DC voltage. The diode switch may comprise a separate diode and an electronic or electromechanical switch. Alternatively, the diode switch can be a single element such as a thyristor. The diode rectifier and the diode switch are connected in a diode connection O that provides the uninterruptible reserve power to the output of the UPS. The diode O connection allows the strongest energy to support the AC load all the time. Thus, the switching may be to close before cutting to support the instantaneous energy to the AC load. Accordingly, a controller can activate the diode switch to thereby activate the battery in response to the failure of the input voltage of the diode. - ^^^^ - t ** ^ ***** general use of AC, without first disconnecting the general-purpose AC input voltage from the UPS. This can provide an instantaneous transition. In addition, the diode O-connection allows the battery to be activated in response to the reduction of the general-purpose AC input voltage due to a blackout or other condition, without the need to wait for a complete failure of general-purpose input voltage. of CA. Finally, after restoration of the general-purpose AC input voltage, the diode O-connection can eliminate the need to disconnect the battery before reconnecting the general-purpose AC input voltage. Rather, both the battery and the general-purpose AC input voltage can be connected concurrently using the diode O-connection, so that it is not necessary to disconnect the battery until one has been assured that the input voltage of use General restored CA is stable. Accordingly, the systems (apparatuses) and methods for producing stand-by uninterruptible power for an AC load that includes the input rectification can provide instantaneous, low cost, compact and / or reliable instantaneous backup power.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1A is a simplified block diagram of a conventional AC load supplied with power by a general-purpose AC input voltage.

Figure 1B is a simplified block diagram of a conventional UPS that is inserted between a general-purpose AC input voltage and an AC load. Figure 2 is a block diagram of a conventional UPS. Figures 3a and 3b illustrate the first embodiments of UPS systems and methods according to the present invention. Figures 4a and 4b illustrate the second embodiments of UPS systems and methods according to the present invention. Figure 5 is a timing diagram illustrating the voltages and signals of Figures 3 and 4. Figure 6 is a flow diagram illustrating the operations of the controllers of Figures 3 and 4.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED MODALITIES The present invention will now be described in more detail hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which the preferred embodiments of the invention are shown. This invention can be modalized, however, in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the modalities set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure is accurate and complete, and convey in detail the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. Similar numbers refer to similar elements everywhere. Referring now to Figure 3, the first embodiments of the UPS systems and methods of the present invention will now be described. As shown in Figure 3, the input of a UPS 310 according to the invention is connected to the AC 100 general-purpose input voltage by a first pin 102. The output of the UPS 310 is connected to an AC load. 120 by a second plug 112. As already described, it may be that a second plug is not needed if the UPS 310 is integrated to the AC load 120. Continuing with the description of Figure 3 the UPS 310 includes a diode rectifier , for example a single diode 328, which provides a half-wave rectification of the general-purpose AC input voltage 100. A battery 320 and a diode switch 314 are connected in series to the diode rectifier 328 at a diode connection O. 330 The battery 320 produces a DC voltage VB which is sufficient to supply power to the AC load 120. When the diode switch 314 is active, the standby DC voltage Vs is produced. As is well known by the experts in The technique, a diode connection O includes two or more diodes that are connected to a common node, so that only one diode can pass current to the common node and the remaining diodes will block the common node current. In other words, a unidirectional connection is provided. Thus, in Figure 3, diode connection O 330 prevents the battery 320 current from being inversely fed to the AC 100 general-purpose input voltage and also prevents the AC 100 general-purpose input voltage current from flowing. be supplied to the battery 320. The diode connection O 330 provides the output of the UPS 310. The UPS 310 also includes a line switch 312. The line switch 312 may be optional because the diode 328 can prevent reverse feed to the AC 100 general-purpose input voltage of battery 320. However, regulations may require the inclusion of a mechanical 312 line switch. In the embodiment of Figure 3, the diode switch 314 comprises a diode 316 and a switch 318 which are connected in series between the diode connection O and the battery 320. The switch 318 can be an electromechanical switch such as a relay. . Alternatively, the switch 318 may be an electronic switch such as a bipolar transistor with isolated gate (IGBT), a field effect transistor (FET), a bipolar transistor or any other electronic switch. The diode switch 314 provides the unidirectional current flow. Still continuing with the description of Figure 3, a battery charger 322 is also included for charging the battery 320. The design of the battery charger 322 is well known to those skilled in the art and need not be described herein. Finally, the controller 324 detects the general-purpose input voltage of CA 100 via a detection line 326, controls the line switch 312 via the second control line 334 and controls the switch 318 of the diode switch 314 by the first line control 332, as will be described in detail below. In general, however, following the loss of the AC 100 general-purpose input voltage, as detected in the detection line 326, the controller 324 may close the switch 318 of the diode switch 314 immediately, before the 312 line switch, to provide an instantaneous transfer of power to support the AC 120 load. Diode 328 provides unidirectional current conduction and prevents reverse feed to the AC 100 general-purpose input voltage. The controller can then open the line switch 312 to meet regulatory requirements that may require a physical opening of a switch when a battery backup is being used. Upon restoration of the AC 100 general-purpose input voltage, the controller 324 can close the line switch 312. The diode switch 314 or 314 'provides unidirectional current conduction, so that the general-purpose input voltage of CA 100 does not flow to the battery 320. After waiting a predetermined amount of time, the switch 318 can be opened once stable line power is secured. It will be understood that the 324 controller can be modalized using one or more analog or digital integrated circuits, separate analog or digital circuits, integrated circuit microprocessors that conduct a stored program, application-specific integrated circuits (ASCI) or any other support combination. technical and / or software. Figure 4 illustrates the second embodiments of the present invention. As shown in Figure 4, the UPS 410 includes a full-wave diode rectifier comprising four diodes 428A-428D that are connected in a manner known to those skilled in the art. In addition, the diode switch 314 'is an integrated diode switch (single element) for example a thyristor, which includes a switch and a diode in a single semiconductor device. As figure 3, the controller 324 controls the thyristor 314 'using the first line 332. The controller 324 controls the line switch 312 using the second control line 334. Referring now to FIGS. 5 and 6, the operation of the UPSs of according to the invention as shown in Figures 3 and 4. Figure 5 is a time relationship diagram illustrating various voltages and signals in the UPS of Figures 3 and 4. Figure 6 is a flow diagram illustrating the operations of the controller 324. It will be understood that each block of the illustrations of the flowcharts and the combinations of blocks in the illustrations of the flowcharts may be carried out by instructions of computer programs. These instructions of computer programs can be provided to a processor or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions that take place in the processor or other programmable data processing apparatus create means to carry effect the functions specified in the block or blocks of the flowchart. These computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer readable memory that can direct a processor or other programmable data processing device to operate in a particular manner, such that instructions stored in computer readable memory produce an article of manufacture that includes means of instruction that take effect the instructions specified in the block or the blocks of the flow diagrams. Accordingly, the blocks of the flowchart illustrations support combinations of means for performing the specified functions, combinations of steps for performing the specified functions and program instruction means for performing the specific functions. It will also be understood that it is possible to carry out each block of the illustrations of the flow diagrams and the combinations of the blocks in the illustrations of the flow diagrams, by means of computer systems based on technical support of special purpose that perform the functions specific or steps such as those described in figure 6, or by combinations of computer instructions and special purpose technical support. Referring now to Figures 3, 4, 5 and 6, operations begin with the general-purpose AC input voltage 100 providing a normal sinusoidal voltage at the first pin 102, which is also referred to herein as V100, from time TO to time T1. During this time, controller 324 detects the general-purpose AC input voltage in block 602 via line 326 until there is a change in block 604 of time T1. As will be described below this change may be a failure of the general-purpose AC input voltage 100 due to a power interruption and may be a reduction of the general-purpose AC input voltage 100 due to a power failure. As shown in Figure 5, from time T0 to time T1, the control signal on the first control line 332, designated here as V332, is inactive. Similarly, the backup DC voltage contribution of the battery 320, designated herein as Vs, is zero. The output voltage of the UPS 410 at the diode connection O 330, designated here as V330, is a half-wave rectified AC voltage (Fig. 3) of a full-wave rectified AC voltage (Fig. 4). Referring again to Figure 6, when a change of the general-purpose AC input voltage is detected in block 604 by detection line 326, controller 324 waits for a time interval T2 to ensure that the input voltage of General use of CA 100 has changed, rather than being merely subject to a voltage drop or voltage drop. It will be understood that the time interval T2 may be very small, generally a fraction of the AC input voltage cycle. In addition, the time interval T2 can be minimized, so that it depends only on the minimum detection time of the controller 324. Accordingly, for the time interval T2, the voltage of the V332 controller remains inactive, the voltage of the reserve Vs remains at zero and the output voltage V330 also drops to zero. Referring again to Figure 6, in block 608 diode switch 314 or 314 'is activated by controller 324 by first control line 332 if the general-purpose AC input voltage V-ioo remains changed during the T2 time interval. Accordingly as shown in FIG. 5, the first control line 332 is activated at the conclusion of the time interval T2, in order to activate the diode switch 314 or 314 '. The backup DC voltage Vs therefore inces to its maximum value and the output voltage V330 provides DC voltage which is preferably similar to the AC V10o general-purpose input voltage quadratic value or another value that is suitable for powering the AC load 120. Optionally, as shown in Figure 6 in block 612, the line switch 312 can be deactivated by the control 324 using the second control line 324. It will also be understood that the line 334 can be opened due to the mechanical action of line switch 312 itself without the intervention of the controller. In block 614, controller 324 continues to detect the general-purpose AC input voltage V-ioo, to detect when the general-purpose AC input voltage V-ioo has been restored (block 616). Referring again to Figure 5, at time T3, the general-purpose input voltage of CA V10o has been restored. In response to detecting the restoration of input voltage in block 616, line switch 312 can be activated by controller 324 via second control line 324, in block 618. It will also be understood that the line switch 312 can be activated by itself After restoration of the line voltage without requiring activation by controller 324. Continuing with the description of figure 6, block 622 does not immediately disable the switch of diode 314 or 314 '. Rather, the controller 324 waits during a time interval T4 to ensure that the input input voltage generated from AC 0 is stable. During the time interval T4, due to diode connection O3 the diode switch 314 or 314 'is reverse biased and decouples the DC or VB voltage of the battery 320 from the UPS output, when the input voltage of General use of AC 100 exceeds DC voltage VB. Thus, during the time interval T4, the input power 320 battery of general use CA 100 alternatingly provides the output voltage of the UPS at connection O of diodes 320, depending on whether the input voltage of the general use AC rectified or the DC battery voltage is higher. It will be understood that the above description does not involve any voltage drop across diode 316 or diode switch 314 '. If there is a voltage drop, the battery 320 and the general-purpose AC input voltage 100 alternatingly provide the output voltage at the O-connection 320 diodes, depending on whether the rectified general-purpose AC input voltage or the DC battery voltage minus the voltage drop is higher. After the time interval T4 has elapsed and it has been ensured that the stable AC 100 general-purpose input voltage is present, the diode switch 314 or 314 'is turned off in block 624. It will be understood that during the interval of time T4, the restored AC general-purpose input voltage can be synchronized with the AC load, without the need for complex circuits locked in its faces in the UPS. The general purpose AC input voltage rectified is then supplied by the UPS and the battery charger 322 recharges the battery 320. It will be understood that when the switch 314"is a thyristor or a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) as shown in FIG. Figure 4, line switching can be used to disconnect switch 314 'after deactivation of first control line 332. When switch 318 is a separate switch of diode 316 as shown in Figure 3, such a bipolar transistor with gate Isolated (IGBT) or other electronic or manual switch, the controller 324 can disconnect the switch 318 by deactivating the first control line 332. Thus, a low voltage deactivation can be provided to avoid overcharging of the battery 320 and the peak of Line voltage does not need to exceed the battery voltage to disconnect switch 314 '. Accordingly, when the line loss is detected, the diode switch 314 or 314 'can be closed immediately to provide backup power without having to wait for the line switch 312 to open. The switch can then be opened. line to ensure even more that reverse feeding will not occur. This allows a "close before opening" transition to be executed to provide instantaneous energy transfer. The battery 320 can preferably support the load energy demands in both the constant and short-term state. Thus, when the AC 100 general-purpose input voltage returns, the line switch 312 is closed and the diode switch 314 or 314 'is reverse biased, thus naturally decoupling the battery 320 from the general-purpose AC input voltage. 100. The diode switch 314 or 314 'can then be deactivated once the AC general-purpose input voltage is stable. Since rectified AC is provided to the UPS 330 output node, only the diode switch 314 or 314 'needs to be set to block the battery voltage VB rather than graduating to block the battery voltage VB and the input voltage of the battery. Overall use of CA 100 maximum. Thus, in comparison with the switch 204 of Figure 2, the diode switch 314 or 314 'does not need to be bidirectional and can be graduated to block only a fraction of the voltage that may need to be blocked by the switch 204. If desired under voltage disabling, the diode switch 314 or 314 'may comprise a bipolar transistor with isolated gate (IGBT) and a diode in series, which may allow the battery to be deactivated while in the resep mode.

Further, the battery 320 is preferably of appropriately high voltage, so that there is no need to use the DC to AC inverter 212 of FIG. 2. The battery 320 can inherently provide short-term overload capability for emergency or other loads. short-term charges. In contrast, a DC-to-DC converter is included in the DC to AC converter 212 of FIG. 2, it may be necessary to set it to support not only the steady-state power but also the short-term overload demands as a result. The DC (unipolar) output of the present invention is compatible with the power source that includes input identification, as is commonly used with many electronic circuits. Since it is not necessary to perform the power line frequency situation, it is not necessary that the present invention interfere with the power source corrected in its low harmonic distortion / energy factor. When used with the power source that incorporate energy factor correction and / or harmonic reduction techniques, the energy factor correction in the power source can be used to increase the moderate battery voltage to the voltage that is used by the power source. The source of energy. Thus, a 100-120 volt 320 battery can support an average quadratic power source of 100-240V 120 that includes a power factor correction. If the power factor correction is not included, a 240V 320 battery can be used. It will also be understood that it is not necessary to generate additional electromagnetic interference (EMI) in the invention, because it is not necessary to use inverters and / or high converters. frequency. The loader 322 can generate a low level of EMI which is conventionally much lower generator by inverters or converters, and which can be filtered in the charger without the need to provide a filter that is designed to transmit the full load current of the UPS . The high efficiency and low losses in the invention can provide operation without the need for a fan or extraordinary ventilation. This can facilitate the integration of a UPS with an AC load. Finally, as illustrated in time interval T4 of Fig. 5, a natural charge energy participation according to the present invention can occur. Accordingly, during a power failure, when the general-purpose AC input voltage is still present at reduced levels, the general-purpose AC input voltage can provide the output of a UPS when the voltage is greater than the voltage of battery VB (less than any voltage drop in diode switches 314 or 314 '). However, when the UV battery voltage is higher than the general-purpose AC input voltage 100, the battery 320 can supply the output voltage of the UPS. This may be beneficial during prolonged power outages where battery power is required only during the portion of time that the AC utility input voltage falls below the battery voltage. This can greatly prolong the available backup time during a power failure.

Since the present invention produces rectified AC voltage when the AC utility input voltage is present, it may be necessary to modify or replace the input power cord for the AC load 120 to provide a power cord that is etched to safely transmit the rectified AC that includes a DC component. Thus, for AC loads that use IEC320 power cords that are graduated at 250V, AC or DC can be transmitted in these cords. However, for NEMA power cords, it may be necessary to replace a DC NEMA power cord with a NEMA AC power cord. This NEMA DC power cord may be provided in conjunction with the UPSs in accordance with the present invention to facilitate installation and to comply with regulatory requirements. It will also be understood that providing rectified AC voltage to the power source 130, the present invention can only cause two of the four diodes 132 to operate in the power source 130, thus increasing commercially the anticipation of energy and reducing the average time to failure of these two diodes. However, since all four diodes 132 are conventionally packaged in a single electronic package, the increase in energy anticipation or the reduction of the average type to failure for the electronic package of four diodes can be minimal. In conclusion, a rectified voltage is applied to AC loads that include input rectification, which are traditionally supplied with power from an AC utility input voltage. A battery sufficient to power the AC load directly is the diode-ORed to allow the battery power to be directly fed to the AC load as long as the AC utility input voltage is insufficient to supply the power the AC load. Power can be supplied if line of union to the AC load and a traditional inverter and / or converter can be eliminated between the battery and the AC load. The standby UPS and the methods according to the invention can therefore be more robust, they can have higher reliability, better performance and / or lower cost than the conventional backup UPS. In the drawings and the specification, typical preferred embodiments of the invention have been set forth and, although specific terms are employed, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation, being exposed to the scope of the invention in the following claims.

Claims (32)

NOVELTY OF THE INVENTION CLAIMS

1. An uninterruptible power supply (UPS) of reserve comprising: means for rectifying (328) an input voltage for general use of alternating current (AC) (100) to produce a rectified voltage; a battery (320) that produces a direct current (DC) voltage (VB); means for activating (314) the DC voltage in response to a predetermined change of the 10 AC general-purpose input voltage to thereby produce a backup DC voltage (Vs); and means for connecting (324) the rectified voltage and the standby DC voltage to an AC load (120) which includes input rectification such that the rectified voltage of the AC load including rectification input is applied when the input voltage of use The general AC is operational and the standby DC voltage is applied to the AC load that includes input rectification in response to the predetermined change of the general purpose AC input voltage.

2. A reserve UPS according to claim 1, further characterized in that the means for rectifying comprise a 20 diode rectifier.

3. A backup UPS according to claim 1 or 2, further characterized in that the means for activating comprise a diode and a switch. ? M tÉtta ?? t

4. - A standby UPS according to claim 3, further characterized in that the diode and the commutator comprise a thyristor.

5. A backup UPS according to claim 3, further characterized in that the switch comprises an electronic switch or an electromechanical switch.

6.- A backup UPS in accordance with the claims 1-5, further characterized in that the means for activating comprises means for activating the DC voltage in response to the failure of the AC utility general input voltage to thereby produce the DC voltage of 10 reservation.

7.- A backup UPS in accordance with the claims 1-6, further characterized in that the means for activating comprise means for activating the DC voltage in response to the failure of the general-purpose AC input voltage for a predetermined time for 15 to produce the backup DC voltage.

8.- A backup UPS in accordance with the claims 1-7, further characterized in that the means for activating comprises means for activating the DC voltage in response to the reduction of the AC general-purpose input voltage to thereby produce the DC voltage of 20 reservation.

9. A standby UPS according to claims 1-8, further characterized in that the means for connecting comprise MMÜÉMtMIrililü means to connect the rectified voltage and backup DC voltage to an AC power source that includes input rectification.

10. A method for producing stand-by uninterruptible power for an AC load (120) including input rectification, comprising the steps of: rectifying (328) a general-purpose internal-current (AC) input voltage (100) ) to produce a rectified voltage; activating (314) a continuous current (DC) battery voltage (VB) in response to a predetermined change in the general-purpose AC input voltage to thereby produce a standby DC voltage (Vs); and connecting (324) the rectified voltage and the backup DC voltage to the AC load that includes input rectification such that the rectified voltage is applied to the AC load that includes input rectification when the input voltage of the rectifier General use of AC is operational and the standby DC voltage is applied to the AC load that includes input rectification in response to the predetermined change of the general purpose AC input voltage.

11. A method according to claim 10, further characterized in that the step of rectifying comprises the step of rectifying with diode the input voltage of general use of AC to produce the rectified voltage.

12. A method according to claim 10 or 11, further characterized in that the step of activating comprises the step of unidirectionally activating the DC battery voltage in response to the predetermined change of the AC general-purpose input voltage to thereby produce the standby DC voltage.

13. A method according to claims 10-12, further characterized in that the step of activating comprises the step of activating the DC battery voltage in response to the failure of the general-purpose AC input voltage to produce thereby the backup DC voltage.

14. A method according to claim 10-13, further characterized in that the step of activating comprises the step of activating the DC battery voltage in response to the failure of the AC general-purpose input voltage for a predetermined time to thereby produce the backup DC voltage.

15. A method according to claim 10-14, further characterized in that the step of activating comprises the step of activating the DC battery voltage in response to the reduction of the AC general-purpose input voltage to thereby produce the backup DC voltage.

16. A method according to claims 10-14, further characterized in that the step of connecting comprises the step of connecting the rectified voltage and the standby DC voltage to an AC power source that includes rectification at the input of the same.

17. An uninterruptible power supply (UPS) of reserve that produces uninterruptible power in the input (330) thereof, which comprises: a rectifier (328) that rectifies an input voltage for general use of alternating current (AC) (100) to produce a rectified voltage; a battery (320) that produces a direct current (DC) voltage (VB); and a switch (318) which is connected to the battery to produce a backup DC voltage (Vs) of the battery in response to a predetermined change of the AC general-purpose input voltage, the rectifier and the switch being connected to the UPS output to provide the rectified voltage and backup DC voltage to the output of the UPS in such a way that when the output of the UPS is connected to an AC load, the voltage is applied to the AC load when the AC general-purpose input voltage is operational and the standby DC voltage is applied to the AC load in response to the predetermined change of the general-purpose AC input voltage.

18. A standby UPS according to claim 17, further characterized in that: the rectifier comprises a diode rectifier; because the switch comprises a diode switch; and in that the battery and the diode switch in series are connected to the diode rectifier of a diode O-connection, the diode switch being sensitive to the predetermined change of the general-purpose AC input voltage, the diode O-connection providing the Uninterruptible power reserve for the UPS at the output thereof in such a way that when the diode connection O is connected to an AC load, the diode rectifier supplies rectified AC utility input voltage to the AC load when the AC general-purpose input voltage is operational and the battery is applied to the AC load in response to the predetermined change in AC general-purpose input voltage. ^ Jmi * l ** ti * ^

19. - A standby UPS according to claim 17, further characterized in that the rectifier comprises a diode rectifier.

20. A standby UPS according to claims 17 and 19, further characterized in that the diode rectifier comprises a full-wave diode rectifier.

21. A backup UPS according to claim 19 or 20, further characterized in that the switch comprises a diode switch.

22. A reserve UPS according to claim 18 or 21, further characterized in that the diode switch comprises a thyristor.

23. A backup UPS according to claim 18 or 21, further characterized in that the diode switch comprises a diode in series with an elongated switch or an electromechanical switch.

24. A standby UPS according to claims 17-23, further comprising a controller that is connected to the switch, which activates the switch to produce the reserve voltage of the battery in response to the predetermined change in the input voltage of the battery. general use of CA.

25. A standby UPS according to claim 24, further characterized in that the controller activates the switch in response to the failure of the general-purpose AC input voltage to thereby produce the standby DC voltage.

26. A standby UPS according to claims 24 and 25, further characterized in that the controller activates the switch in response to the general-purpose input voltage failure of the controller. AC for a predetermined time to thereby produce the backup DC voltage.

27.- A backup UPS according to claim 24 or 25, further characterized in that the controller activates the switch in response to the reduction of the input voltage of general use CC to thereby produce the backup DC voltage.

28.- A standby UPS according to claims 17-27, characterized in that the output of the standby UPS is connected to an AC power source that includes input rectification.

29.- A method of controlling an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) the reserve that includes a diode rectifier (328) that rectifies an eternal current general-use (AC) input voltage (100), and a battery (320) ) and a diode switch (314) which are connected in series to the diode rectifier in a diode connection O (330), the method comprising the steps of: detecting (604) a change of the general-purpose AC input voltage; wait (606) during a predetermined first time; activating (608) the diode switch after the first predetermined time if the detected change of the general purpose AC input voltage persists; detecting (616) the restoration of the general-purpose AC input voltage; wait (622) for a second predetermined time that is substantially longer than the first predetermined time, and deactivate (624) the diode switch after the second expiration time if the detected restoration in the AC general-purpose input voltage persists .

30. A method according to claim 29, further characterized in that the step of detecting a change comprises the step of detecting a failure of the input voltage of general use of AC.

31.- A method according to claim 29 or 30, further characterized in that the step of detecting a change comprises the step of detecting a reduction of the input voltage of general use of CA.

32. A method according to claims 19-31, further characterized by the first predetermined time is a fraction of an AC input voltage cycle of general use and because the second predetermined time is a plurality of voltage cycles of general purpose AC input. 33.- A method according to claims 29-32, further characterized in that the UPS also includes a line switch between the general-purpose AC input voltage and the diode rectifier; because the step of activating is followed by the step of deactivating the line switch, and because the step of deactivating the diode switch is preceded by the step of activating the line switch. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Systems and methods for producing uninterruptible standby power for an AC load rectify a commonly used AC input voltage to produce a rectified voltage and activate a DC battery voltage in response to a change in input voltage for general use. CA to thereby produce a backup DC voltage; the rectified voltage and the standby DC voltage are connected to an AC load that includes input rectification to thereby produce uninterruptible standby power without the need for expensive, bulky and / or unreliable inverters or converters; the instantaneous transfer can be provided to support the AC load after the failure of the general-purpose AC input voltage and after the restoration of the general-purpose AC input voltage; the AC general-purpose input voltage is preferably rectified by a diode rectifier, most preferably a full-wave diode rectifier including at least four diodes, to produce the rectified voltage; a diode switch is used to activate the DC voltage of the battery in response to a change in the general-purpose AC input voltage to thereby produce the standby DC voltage; The diode switch may include a separate diode and an electronic or electromechanical switch; alternatively, the diode switch can be a single element such as a thyristor; the diode rectifier and the diode and the commutator are connected in a diode O connection that provides the power rifeÉMÉIIÉÉ ^ Krito uninterruptible reserve for the departure of the UPS; the diode O connection allows the strongest source to support the AC load at all times. GC / rcp * kra * cgm * mvh * pbg * jtc *. P00 / 1555F