MXPA00006893A - Method and device for additional thermal heating for motor vehicle equipped with pollution-free engine with additional compressed air injection - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention concerns a method for additional thermal heating for motor vehicle equipped with pollution-free engine operating with additional compressed air injection into the combustion chamber (2) and having a high pressure compressed air storage reservoir (23). The high pressure compressed air contained in the reservoir is previously to its final use at a lower pressure, directed towards a thermal heater (56) to increase its pressure and/or volume before it is injected into the combustion or expansion chamber (2). The invention is applicable to all engines equipped with compressed air injection.

Description

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ADDITIONAL THERMAL HEATING OF A MOTORIZED VEHICLE, EQUIPPED WITH AN EXEMPT ENGINE CONTAMINATION, WITH ADDITIONAL INJECTION OF COMPRESSED AIR The invention relates to land vehicles and, more particularly, to those equipped with engines that are free of pollution or that reduce pollution with independent or otherwise combustion chambers, which operate with the injection of additional compressed air and comprise a high pressure compressed air tank. ~~ In his published patent application, WO 96/27737, the author has described a method for decontaminating an engine with an independent external combustion chamber, which operates with a two-mode principle, with the use of two types of energy, using any conventional fuel, such as gasoline or diesel oil, on a highway (single-mode air / fuel operation) or, at low speed, particularly in urban and suburban areas, "using the addition of compressed air (or any other non-polluting gas) within the combustion chamber, to the exclusion of any other fuel (air operation in a simple way, ie operation with the addition of compressed air) In its patent application, FR 96/07714, the author has described the installation of this type of motor in the mode operation simple, with the addition of compressed air, in service vehicles, for example, in city buses In this type of engine, in the air / fuel mode, the air / fuel mixture is made to enter and compress in a independent chamber of admission and compression.The mixture is then transferred, even under pressure, into an independent combustion chamber, of constant volume, where it is ignited to increase the temperature and pressure of this mixture. e a transfer door has been opened, which connects the combustion or expansion chamber with an expansion and exhaust chamber, this mixture will be expanded in the last chamber, where it will produce work. The expanded gases are then discharged into the atmosphere through an exhaust pipe. When more additional compressed air is operated in air, this being the mode of greatest interest in the context of the invention, with low power, the fuel injector no longer functions; in this case, a small amount of additional compressed air from an external reservoir, in which the air is stored at high pressure, for example at 200 bar, and at room temperature, is introduced into the combustion chamber appreciably after the air compressed (fuel-free) from the intake and compression chamber has entered this chamber. This small amount of compressed air, at room temperature, is heated in contact with the mass of air at the high temperature contained in the combustion or expansion chamber, expands and increases the pressure prevailing inside the chamber, thus allowing that the motive power is delivered during the expansion. This type of double-mode or dual-energy engine (air and fuel or air and additional compressed air) can also be modified for the preferred use in a city, for example, in all vehicles and, more particularly, in urban buses or other service vehicles (taxis, garbage trucks, etc.), in the operation of simple mode of air / additional compressed air, by the distribution in all the elements, for which the engine operates with conventional fuel.

The engine operates only in the simple mode with the injection of additional compressed air into the combustion chamber, which becomes an expansion chamber. Also, the air taken by the engine can be filtered and purified through one or more carbon filters or using some other mechanical or chemical method or a molecular sieve or some other filter, to produce an engine that reduces pollution. In the current text, the use of the term "air" should be understood to mean "any non-polluting gas". In this type of engine, the additional compressed air is injected into the combustion or expansion chamber, at a service pressure, which is determined according to the pressure prevailing in the chamber and appreciably greater than this pressure, in order to allow its transfer, for example at 30 bars. To do this, use is made of an expansion device, which reduces the pressure, of conventional type, which performs the expansion free of work, without absorbing heat, and, therefore, without decreasing the temperature, thus allowing the air expanded (at approximately 30 bars, in our example) and the ambient temperature is injected into the combustion or expansion chamber.

This method of injecting additional compressed air can also be used in conventional two- or four-stroke engines, in which the injection of additional compressed air into the combustion chamber of the engine takes place approximately in the upper dead center in the ignition stroke. The method, according to the invention, proposes a solution that makes it possible to increase the amount of energy available and that can be used. It is characterized by the resources used and, more specifically, by the fact that compressed air, before being introduced into the combustion and / or expansion chamber, is guided "through a thermal heater, where its pressure and / or volume increases, thus considerably improving the performance that can be achieved by the engine. ~~~~ In his patent application No. 9700851, the author also describes a method for recovering the thermal energy of the medium surrounding this type of engine, in which the compressed air, contained in the storage tank at very high pressure, for example from 200 bar, and at room temperature, for example at 20 ° C, before its final use at a pressure less than, say, 30 bar, it expands to a pressure approaching the necessary pressure "for its final use In a system of variable volume, for example in a piston inside a cylinder, which produces work, which can be recovered and used by any known resource, mechanical, electrical, hydraulic or similar.This expansion with work has the consequence of cooling the compressed air, which has expanded to a pressure close to the operating pressure, at a very low temperature, for example -100 ° C. This compressed air, expanded at its operating pressure, and at a very low temperature, it is later sent inside an exchanger, with ambient air, it is heated to a temperature close to the ambient temperature and its pressure and / or its volume increases in this way, recovering the thermal energy taken from the atmosphere. Another feature of the method, according to the invention, proposes a solution involving the method for recovering thermal energy, which was described just before, and which makes it possible to further improve the amount of available energy and that which can be used. . It is characterized by the equipped element and more particularly by the fact that the compressed air, which has passed through the air / air heat exchanger and before being introduced into the combustion chamber, is guided inside a thermal heater, where once it increases again in pressure and / or volume, before being introduced into the combustion chamber and / or expansion, it considerably improves the performance that can be achieved by the engine. The use of a thermal heater has the advantage that it is possible to use a clean continuous combustion, which can be catalyzed or cleaned by any known means, it can be supplied with a conventional fuel, such as gasoline, diesel oil, butane gas, "gas PropancTT LPG or similar, you can just use chemical reactions and / or electrical energy to produce the heating of the compressed air that passes through it., Those skilled in the art will be able to calculate the amount of air under pressure very b > aja, which will be supplied to the expansion system with work, and subsequent characteristics and volumes, etc., at the end of this expansion with work, and take into account the heating energy to obtain the selected pressure of the final service and the temperature, which will be as cold as possible, and do this according to the use of the motor.

The electronic handling of the parameters makes it possible, at every moment, to optimize the quantities of compressed air used, recovered and heated. The persons skilled in the art will also be able to determine the engineering details and the characteristics of the thermal heater, which can employ any concept known in this field., without altering the method of the invention. In accordance with a characteristic of the invention, the thermal heater used to heat the compressed air, from the high-pressure storage tank, which may or may not come in the system, to recover the thermal energy of the surrounding environment, it is also used, independently or in combination with the two solutions described above, that is, directly from the storage tank or via a heat energy recuperator, to heat the compressed air taken from the engine intake and the intake chamber. compression, thus increasing its pressure and / or its volume, before reintroducing it into the combustion and / or expansion chamber, to allow an increase in the pressure of the gases contained in the combustion chamber, before the expansion in the cylinder. expansion and escape, which produces the power race. The compressed air sent inside the thermal heater comes from the storage tank, from the device for recovering heat energy from the surrounding environment, from a bypass of the intake and compression chamber, separately or in combination, in proportions that are determined according to the conditions of use. "- Other objects, advantages and characteristics of the invention will become apparent from the reading of the description, not limiting, of a number of particular modalities, which are supplied with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: - Figure 1 is a schematic illustration, in cross-section, of a pollution-free engine, equipped with a thermal heating device; Figure 2 is an illustration, in cross section, of an engine free of contamination, with heat energy recovery from the surrounding environment, equipped with a thermal heating device; Figure 3 is an illustration of a motor equipped with a thermal heater device, such as a deflection in the compressed air through the intake and compression chamber; and - Figure 4 is an illustration of an engine that combines all three solutions. Figure 1 is a schematic, cross-sectional illustration of a pollution-free engine and its compressed air supply installation, comprising an intake and compression chamber 1, a constant volume combustion or expansion chamber 2, in which there is an additional air injector 22, supplied with compressed air, stored in a reservoir 23 with very high pressure, and an expansion and exhaust chamber 4. The intake and compression chamber 1 is connected to the combustion or expansion chamber 2 by a tube 5, whose opening and closing are controlled by a sealed shutter 6. The combustion or expansion chamber 2 is connected to the expansion chamber 4 and exhaust by a transfer tube or door 7, whose opening and closing are controlled by a sealed shutter 8. The intake and compression chamber 1 is supplied with air by an intake pipe 13, whose opening is controlled by a valve 14 and stream above which there is a carbon filter 24, which reduces pollution. The intake and compression chamber 1 operates as a piston compressor assembly, in which a piston 9, which slides inside a cylinder 10, is controlled by a connecting rod 11 and a crankshaft 12. The chamber 4 for expansion and The exhaust controls a conventional piston and motor assembly, with a piston 15 sliding inside a cylinder 16, which, by means of a connecting rod 17, drives the rotation of the crankshaft 18. The expanded air escapes through a Exhaust pipe 19, whose opening is controlled by a valve 20. The rotation of the crankshaft 12 of the intake and compression chamber 1 is controlled through a mechanical link 21 by the pulse crankshaft 18 of the expansion and exhaust chamber 4 . According to the invention, mounted on the tube 37A, between the high-pressure storage tank 23 and a near-constant, end-use pressure compensation volume 43, is a thermal heater 56, consisting of the burners 57 which considerably increase the temperature and, therefore, the pressure and / or the volume of the compressed air from the reservoir 23 (in the direction of the arrows F), as it passes through the heat exchange coil 58, to allow an improvement considerable in the performance of the engine. The motor is equipped in Figure 2 with a device for recovering the heat energy from the surrounding environment, in which the expansion with the work of the compressed air at high pressure, stored in the tank 23, is carried out in a set that it comprises the connecting rod 53 and the working piston 54, coupled directly to the pulse shaft 18. This piston 54 slides inside a blind cylinder 55 and determines a working chamber 35, inside which, on the one hand, there is a high pressure air intake tube 37, whose opening and closing are controlled by a valve 38. electrically operated and, on the other hand, an exhaust pipe 39, connected to an air / air heat exchanger or radiator 41, which itself is connected by a pipe 42 to a volume 43 of compensation for fine-use pressure, practically constant. During the operation, when the working piston 54 is at its upper dead center, the valve 38, electrically operated, opens and then closes again, in order to allow in a load of compressed air at very high pressure, which is it will expand, again driving the piston 54 away from its bottom dead center, and driving the crankshaft 18 of the engine by means of the connecting rod 53. During the upward stroke of the piston 54, the exhaust valve 40, electrically operated, then it opens and compresses, but it expands and the air at a very low temperature, contained in the working chamber, is discharged (in the direction of arrow F) into the air / air heat exchanger or radiator 41. This air will thus be heated to a temperature close to room temperature and will increase in volume according to arrives at volume 43 of compensation, which has recovered a non-negligible amount of energy from the atmosphere. According to the invention, mounted between the air / air exchanger 41 and the compensation volume 43 in the tube 42A is a thermal heater 56, which consists of the burners 57 which will considerably increase the temperature and, therefore, the pressure and / or the volume of the compressed air entering (in the direction of the arrows F) from the air / air exchanger 41, as it passes through the exchange coil 58.

According to a feature of the invention, in Figure 3, the thermal heater 56 is mounted as a deflection of the intake and compression chamber 1, from which some of the air compressed by the piston 9 is directed (in the direction of the arrows F ") towards the thermal heater 56 and as it passes through the exchange coil 58, heated by the burners 57, will increase in pressure and / or volume, before being introduced into the compensation volume 43 and injected by the injector 22 inside the combustion and / or expansion chamber 2. Figure 4 illustrates a schematic view of a device combining the three devices, described in Figures 1, 2 and 3, the burners 57 of the thermal heater 56, At the same time, some of the compressed air is heated by the piston 9 of the intake and compression chamber 1 within an exchange coil 58 before being driven into the compensation volume 43 and the compressed air. or from the storage tank, via the device for recovering the heat energy from the surrounding environment and the air / air exchanger 41.

The thermal heater 56 receives the compressed air from the storage tank 23 along a pipe 37A, from the device 41, to recover the thermal energy from the surrounding environment along another pipe 42 and from the intake chamber 1 and compression, by a third tube 42A; each of these tubes has a controlled regulating valve, 59, 59A, 59B, which makes it possible to determine the proportions of the compressed air from each source to be heated, according to the conditions of use. "" The systems for regulating the valves, for igniting the burners and for regulating the intensity of the burners are installed for heating to a greater or lesser extent of the compressed air, which passes through the heating coil, in accordance with the energy requirements to drive a vehicle, well equipped. The compensation volume 43, placed between the thermal heater 56 and the injector 22, can be advantageously coated by an insulation jacket 43A, made of materials known for this purpose, to enable the compressed air to retain the accumulated heat energy in the thermal heater 56, before being injected into the chamber. A person skilled in the art will be able to select the size of the compensation volume 43 and the coating materials and similarly the work tube and various other tubes may also be coated without this altering the invention in any way, which has been justly described. Of course, the invention is not restricted to the modalities described and illustrated and can be varied in "numerous ways accessible to those skilled in the art, without departing in any way from the spirit of the invention.

Claims (9)

1. CLAIMS 1. A method of thermal heating, for reciprocating piston engines or vehicles equipped with reciprocating piston engines, which are free of contamination or reduce this contamination, which operate with the injection of additional air into the combustion chamber or expansion and which have a storage tank of compressed air, at high pressure, characterized in that this compressed air, contained in the storage tank at high pressure, is, before its final use at a lower temperature, directed towards a heater thermal, to allow its pressure and / or its volume to increase before being injected into the combustion or expansion chamber.
2. 2. The method of thermal heating, according to claim 1, wherein the compressed air, contained in the high-pressure storage tank, is, before being introduced into the thermal heater at a lower pressure, expanded to a pressure close to this pressure in a system of variable volume, for example a piston inside a cylinder, which produces work, the consequence of this is that of the cooling of the compressed air, thus expanded, to a low temperature, this air is then sent inside a heat exchanger, where it is heated and where its pressure and / or volume is thus increased, recovering additional thermal energy from the environment that surrounds it.
3. 3. The method of thermal heating, for engines or vehicles equipped with motors, that are free of contamination or that reduce pollution, which operate with the injection of additional air inside the combustion or expansion chamber, characterized in that the compressed air it is taken from the intake and compression chamber at the end of the compression, to be directed towards a thermal heater, so that its pressure and / or its volume can be increased, before being injected into the combustion or expansion chamber . "~"
4. 4. The method of thermal heating, according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the compressed air, which is sent inside the thermal heater, comes from the storage tank, from the device to recover the thermal energy of the environment that it surrounds it, from a deviation of the intake and compression chamber, separately or in combination, in proportions that are determined according to the conditions of use.
5. 5. The thermal heating device for carrying out the method according to claim 1, characterized in that a thermal heater, consisting of a burner, fed with a fuel, and a heat exchanger coil, is placed between the storage tank and the additional compressed air injector, this burner heats the air from the storage tank as it passes through the coil, thus increasing its pressure and / or its volume, before being injected into the combustion or expansion chamber , a compensation volume, placed between the thermal heater and the additional compressed air injector makes it possible to equalize and avoid the effects of impulse surges, before the injection. The thermal heating device, according to claim 5, for carrying out the method according to claim 2, characterized in that the thermal heater is placed on a tube, between the air / air heat exchanger or radiator of the device, to recover the thermal energy of the surrounding environment and the volume of compensation, before being injected into the combustion or expansion chamber. The thermal heating device, according to claim 5, for carrying out the method according to claim 3, characterized in that the heat exchanger is placed between the intake and compression chamber of the engine and the compensation volume. on a deviation circuit, consisting of a tube, in which the flow rate is controlled by a valve, which allows the compressed air at the compression end to be diverted to be directed to the thermal heater, so that its pressure and / or volume can be increased, before of being injected _into the combustion or expansion chamber. - 8. The thermal heating device, according to claim 5, for carrying out the method according to claim 4, characterized in that the thermal heater receives compressed air from the storage tank, along a tube, from the device, to recover the thermal energy from the surrounding environment, by another tube, and from the intake and compression chamber along a third tube, and characterized in that each of these tubes comprises a controlled regulating valve , which makes it possible to determine the proportions of the compressed air from each source, which is going to be heated, according to the conditions of use. The thermal heating device, according to claim 5, characterized in that the compensation volume, placed between the thermal heater and the injector, is covered by a jacket, to allow the thermal energy, accumulated in the thermal heater, be retained.