MXPA00005970A - Mousse-forming shampoo compositions - Google Patents

Abstract

A mousse-forming cleansing shampoo composition having improved conditioning performance comprising:(A) a foamable concentrate comprising:(i) at least one surfactant;(ii) emulsified particles of a conditioning agent having a particle size of 21 micron;(iii) a deposition polymer for the emulsified particles;(iv) an aqueous carrier;and (B) an aerosol propellant.

Description

COMPOSITIONS OF FOAM FORMING SHAMPOO FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to foam forming shampoo compositions. More particularly, the invention relates to foam forming shampoo compositions that include emulsified particles of a conditioning agent such as a silicone and which impart good conditioning benefits to hair and / or skin.

BACKGROUND AND PREVIOUS TECHNIQUE Foams are a particularly convenient and pleasant product to be used for hair treatment formulations. The product is generally applied to the user's hand, where it forms a creamy foam that can be easily worked through the hair. Such foams have found widespread use in the context of products for styling hair. Conventional hair styling foam generally uses a water soluble polymer for styling hair, water, possibly a conditioning agent, an emulsifier, aesthetic agents and an aerosol propellant. The foam is typically applied to hair moistened with water, diffused through the hair and allowed to dry, giving a temporary hardening that can be removed by water or by shampooing. It may be desirable to provide a cleaning shampoo based on rinse surfactant in a foam product form. Consumers appreciate the ease of assortment and application of a foam, and the way in which it can be worked through the hair without coming in contact with the eyes. The latter could be particularly advantageous in the context of formulations based primarily on cleaning surfactants that can sometimes be harmful and irritate the eyes. However, prior art systems of this type have not achieved much success, mainly due to the level of conditioning they provide that is insufficient for many people. The problem arises mainly from the fact that the shampoo in the dispenser must be easily supplied. This requirement is generally incompatible with shampoos that incorporate conditioning agents. For example, silicones are highly desirable conditioning agents for incorporation into shampoos, as is well documented in the literature. However, the problem arises that the usual viscosity level, required of the shampoo base, in order to prevent the silicone from separating from the formulation, is generally too high to supply. Effectively shampoo from an aerosol formulation. This is revealed as an assortment problem - the product will tend to be supplied slowly and unevenly. It has now been found that cleaning shampoo compositions based on rinse surfactant can be formulated, which impart excellent conditioning performance from a product in the form of a foam. U.S. Patent No. 5,085,857 describes a hair shampoo incorporating a preformed aqueous emulsion of a silicone oil, in which the silicone is incorporated with a small particle size, less than 2 microns. The shampoos preferably contain a cutting thinning polymer or crystalline suspending agent to improve stability. European Patents EP-A-0, 529, 883 and EP-A-0,674,898 describe shampoos for hair comprising a microemulsified silicone oil, in combination with a cationic deposition polymer. It is stated that the shampoo compositions have good mechanical stability, high optical transparency or translucency and excellent conditioning ability. None of these publications discloses or suggests that an emulsified conditioning agent such as a silicone can be used in a propellant-driven system, such as a foaming product.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a foam shampoo cleaning composition having improved conditioning performance comprising: (A) a foamable concentrate, comprising: (i) at least one surfactant (ii) emulsified particles of a conditioning agent having a particle size less than or equal to 1 micron: (iii) a deposition polymer for the emulsified particles; (iv) an aqueous carrier; and (B) an aerosol propellant.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION AND PREFERRED MODALITIES Concentrate convertible to foam The foam shampoo cleaning composition of the invention comprises a foamable concentrate and an aerosol propellant. The term "concentrate" will be used to refer to the liquid component of the shampoo composition other than the propellant. The term "foam", as used herein, is what is known as such, and refers to the assorted product unless otherwise specified.

In general, for the optimum product assortment capacity, it has been found that the viscosity of the convertible concentrate in foam should not exceed 3000 cps. The viscosity of the foamable concentrate is suitably in the range of 1 to 3000, preferably 10 to 2000, ideally 100 to 1000 cps. The viscosity is measured in the conventional manner using a rotary viscometer (Brookfield Viscometer type LVT, Rotor No. 3, 12 rpm after 30 seconds at 25 degrees C). In order to achieve such suitable viscosities as described above, for the foamable concentrate, it is particularly preferred that the foamable concentrate be substantially free of crystalline suspending agents. By "substantially free" it is generally understood that the level of such agents is about 0.5% or less, preferably about 0.1% or less, ideally not more than about 0.05% by weight of the foamable concentrate. Crystalline suspending agents include long chain acyl derivative materials (eg, 8 to 22 carbon atoms) and long chain amine oxides, such as long chain esters of ethylene glycol, long chain fatty acid alkanolamides, esters of long chain of long chain fatty acids, long chain glyceryl esters, long chain esters of long chain alkanolamides, and long chain alkyl dimethyl amine oxides. Common suspending agents of this type are esters of ethylene glycol of fatty acids of 14 to 22 carbon atoms (for example ethylene glycol distearate), fatty acid alkanolamides of 16 to 22 carbon atoms (for example stearic monoethanolamide, stearic monoisopropanole ida) , alkyl di-ethylamine oxides of 16 to 22 carbon atoms and N, N-dihydrocarbyl acid of 12 to 22 carbon atoms) -amidobenzoic acid and salts thereof. In some cases it may also be preferable, in order to achieve the suitable viscosities as described above for the foamable concentrate, to incorporate in it a rheology modifier such as a thickener. Suitable slimming agents include polyethylene glycol (PEG), polypropylene glycol (PPG), sodium xylene sulfonate, sodium toluenesulfonate and urea. The preferred thinners are PEG 400 and PPG 400.

Conditioning Agent The foamable concentrate comprises emulsified particles of a conditioning agent having a particle size < 1 micrometer It is particularly preferred that the conditioning agent be in the form of microemulsified particles. Typically, such microemulsified particles will have a particle size < 0.15 micrometers, suitably from 0.01 to 0.15 micrometers. The particle size can be measured by means of a laser light scattering technique, using a Particle Dispenser-2600D from Malvern Instruments. As used herein, the term "conditioning agent" includes any material that is used to give a particular conditioning benefit to the hair and / or the skin. For example, in shampoo compositions for use on the skin, materials such as humectants, essential oils, sunscreens or materials for post-sun treatment, occlusion oils and the like may be used. In shampoo compositions for use on hair, suitable materials are those that provide one or more benefits related to brightness, softness, ease of combing, wet handling, antistatic properties, protection against damage, body, volume, ability to stylized and driving. Preferred conditioning agents for use in the present invention include silicones. Suitable silicones can be one or more polyalkylsiloxanes, one or more polyalkylarylsiloxanes or mixtures thereof. The silicone is insoluble in the aqueous matrix of the composition and is present as well as dispersed particles, in an emulsified form. The viscosity of the silicone itself (not the emulsion or the final shampoo composition) is in the range preferably from 10,000 cps to 5 million cps. Suitable polyalkylsiloxanes include polydimethylsiloxanes which have the CTFA designation dimethicone, which has a viscosity of up to 100,000 centistokes at 25 degrees C. These siloxanes are commercially available from General Electric Company as the Viscasil series and from Dow Corning as the DC 200 series. The viscosity can be measured by means of a glass capillary viscometer as further described in the test method of Dow Corning Corporate CTM004 of July 20, 1970. Also suitable is polydiethylsiloxane. Also suitable are silicone gums, such as those described in U.S. Patent No. 4,152,416 (Spitzer), and in General Electric's silicone rubber product Data Sheet SE 30, SE 33, SE 54 and SE 76"Silicone rubber" denotes polydiorganosiloxanes having a molecular weight of 200,000 to 1,000,000 and specific examples include polymers of polydimethylsiloxane, copolymers of polydimethylsiloxane / di phenyl / methylvinylsiloxane, copolymers of polydimethylsiloxane / methylvinylsiloxane and mixtures thereof. Amino-functional silicones having the CTFA designation of odimethicone are also suitable for use in the compositions of the invention, such as polydimethylsiloxanes having extreme hydroxyl groups (which have the CTFA designation of dimethiconol). Various methods for making microemulsions of silicone particles, for use in the present invention, are available and are well known and mented in the art. A particularly preferred technique for the preparation of silicone microemulsions is that described in European Patent EP-A-228575. In that ment, a method for manufacturing a stable microe ulsion of high molecular weight silicone polymer and water by sequential addition at an effective rate of a standard emulsion comprising polydiorganosiloxane precursor, surfactant and water to a polymerization catalyst medium while mixing to form a stable, clear, aqueous microemulsion of polydiorganosiloxane. Another method for making microemulsions suitable for use in the invention is described in European Patent EP-A-0, 138, 192. Alternatively, microemulsions suitable for use in the invention are commercially available in a pre-microemulsified form . This is particularly preferred since the preformed microemulsion can be incorporated into the foamable concentrate by simple mixing. Examples of suitable preformed microemulsions include microemulsions DC2-1865, DC2-1870, and DC2-1391, all available from Dow Corning. These are all dimethiconol microemulsions. The amount of silicone incorporated within the shampoo compositions of the invention depends on the level of conditioning desired and the material used. A preferred amount is from 0.01 to about 10% by weight of the foamable concentrate, although these limits are not absolute. The lower limit is determined by the - minimum level to achieve the conditioning, and the upper limit for the maximum level to avoid making the hair and / or skin unacceptably fatty. It has been found that a silicone amount of 0.5 to 1.5% by weight of the foamable concentrate is a particularly suitable level. A further preferred class of conditioning agents are materials that increase the body and the volume of the hair. Examples are cross-linked silicone rubbers and per-ale (en) yl hydrocarbon materials. Suitable cross-linked silicone gums are described in WO 96/31188. A preferred example is the material available from Dow Crorning as DC X2-1787. EP-567,326 and EP-498,119 disclose suitable perale (en) ilo hydrocarbon materials, to impart enhanced styling and body capacity to the hair. Preferred materials are polyisobutylene materials available from Presperse Inc. under the trade name PERMETHYL. The amount of material for increasing the body and the volume of the hair, incorporated within the shampoo compositions of the invention depends on the level of increase or improvement desired and the material used. A preferred amount is from 0.01 to about 10% by weight of the foamable concentrate, although these limits are not absolute. The lower limit is determined by the minimum level to achieve the effect of body and volume increase, and the upper level by the maximum level to avoid making the hair unacceptably stiff. It has been found that a quantity of body-enhancing material and hair volume of 0.1 to 2% by weight of the foamable concentrate is a particularly suitable level.

Surfactant The foamable concentrate comprises one or more surfactants, to provide a cleaning benefit. The surfactant will also be present as an emulsifier for the microemulsified silicone particles. The additional surfactant (s) will be present as an additional cleaning ingredient if sufficient ingredient for cleaning purposes is not provided as the emulsifier for the microemulsified silicone particles. This additional cleaning surfactant may be the same surfactant as the emulsifier, or may be different. Suitable emulsifiers are well known in the art and include anionic and nonionic surfactants. Examples of anionic surfactants used as emulsifiers for the silicone particles are alkylaryl sulfonates, for example, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, alkyl sulfates, for example, sodium lauryl sulfate, alkylether sulphates, for example, sodium lauryl ether sulfate nEO, where n is from 1 to 20 alkyl phenolether sulfates , for example, octylphenol ether sulphate nEO where n is from 1 to 20, and sulfosuccinates, for example, sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate. Examples of nonionic surfactants used as emulsifiers for the silicone particles are ethoxylates of alkylphenol, for example, noninphenol ethoxylate nEO, where n is from 1 to 50, alcohol ethoxylates, for example, lauryl alcohol nEO, where n is 1 to 50, ester ethoxylates, for example, polyoxyethylene monostearate where the number of oxyethylene units is from 1 to 30. The cleaning surfactants are typically selected from anionic, nonionic, amphoteric and zwitterionic surfactants, and mixtures thereof. Suitable anionic cleaning surfactants for shampoo compositions of the invention include alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulphates, alkaryl sulfates, alkanoyl isethionates, alkyl succinates, alkyl sulfosuccinates, N-alkyl sarcosinates, alkyl phosphates, phosphates of alkyl ether, alkyl ether carboxylates, alpha-olefin sulphonates and acylmethyl taurates, especially their sodium, magnesium, ammonium and mono-, di- and triethanolamine salts. The alkyl and acyl groups generally contain from 8 to 18 carbon atoms and can be unsaturated. The alkyl ether sulfates, the alkyl ether phosphates and the alkyl ether carboxylates may contain ethylene oxide or propylene oxide per molecule, per molecule, and preferably contain 2 to 3 ethylene oxide units per molecule. Examples of suitable anionics include sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium lauryl ether sulfate, ammonium lauryl sulphate, ammonium lauryl sulfate, ammonium lauryl ether sulfate, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, triethanolamine dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium cocoyl isethionate, sodium lauroyl isethionate, and sodium N-lauryl sarcosinate. .

The nonionic cleaning surfactants, suitable for use in the shampoo compositions of the invention, may include condensation products of aliphatic straight or branched chain primary or secondary alcohols of 8 to 18 carbon atoms, or phenols with alkylene oxides, usually ethylene oxide and in general having from 6 to 30 ethylene oxide groups. Other suitable nonionics include alkyl polyglycosides and mono- or dialkyl alkanolamides. Examples of the latter nonionics include coco-mono- or di-ethanolamide and coco-mono-isopropanolamide. Amphoteric and zwitterionic cleaning surfactants suitable for use in the compositions of the invention may include alkylamine oxides, alkylbetaines, alkylamidopropylbetaines, alkylsulphobetaines, (sultaines), alkyl glycinates, alkyl carboxyglycinates, alkyl ampropropionates, alkylalanoglycinates and alkyl-amidopropylhydroxysultaines. . Examples include laurylamine oxide, cocodimethyl-sulfopropylbetaine and preferably laurylbetaine, cocamidopropylbetaine and sodium cocacanopropionate.

The total amount of the surfactant (including that used as an emulsifier for the high viscosity silicone microemulsified particles) is generally 3 to 50% by weight, preferably 5 to 30%, more preferably 10% to 25% by weight of the concentrate convertible into foam.

Deposition Polymer The foamable concentrate contains a deposition polymer for the microemulsified silicone particles. By "deposition polymer" is meant an agent that improves or increases the deposition of the silicone particles from the shampoo composition of the invention, on the intended site during use, for example, hair and / or leather scalp The deposition polymer can be a homopolymer or be formed of two or more types of monomers. The molecular weight of the polymer will generally be between 5,000 and 10,000,000, typically of at least 10,000 and preferably in the range of 100,000 to about 2,000,000. The polymers will have cationic nitrogen-containing groups such as the groups of quaternary ammonium or protonated amino, or a mixture thereof. The cationic charge density of the deposition polymer, which is defined as the reciprocal of the molecular weight of a monomeric unit of the charge-containing polymer, should typically be at least 0.1 meq / g, preferably above 0.8 or greater. The cationic charge density should typically not exceed 4 meq / g. This is preferably less than 3 and more preferably less than 2 meq / g. The charge density can be measured using conductimetric analysis and should be within the above limits at the desired pH of use, which will generally be about 3 to 9 and preferably between 4 and 8. The group containing cationic nitrogen will be present. in general as a substituent on a fraction of the total monomer units of the deposition polymer. Thus, when the polymer is not a homopolymer, it may contain non-cationic monomer units, spargers. Such polymers are described in the Directory of Cosmetic Ingredients of the CTFA, 3rd edition. The ratio of the cationic to the non-cationic monomeric units is selected to give a polymer having a cationic charge density in the required range. Suitable cationic deposition polymers include, for example, copolymers of vinyl monomers having cationic or quaternary ammonium functional groups with water-soluble spacing monomers, such as (meth) acrylamide, alkyl and dialkyl (meth) acrylamides, (meth ) alkyl acrylate, vinylcaprolactone and vinylpyrrolidine. The alkyl and dialkyl substituted monomers preferably have alkyl groups of 1 to 7 carbon atoms, more preferably alkyl groups of 1 to 3 carbon atoms. Other suitable spacers include vinyl esters, vinyl alcohol, maleic anhydride, propylene glycol and ethylene glycol. The cationic amines can be primary, secondary or tertiary amines, depending on the particular species and the pH of the composition. In general, secondary and tertiary amines, especially tertiary amines, are preferred. The amine substituted vinyl monomers, and the amines can be polymerized in the amine form and then converted to ammonium by quaternization.

Suitable cationic ammonium and quaternary ammonium monomers include, for example, vinyl compounds substituted with dialkylaminoalkyl acrylate, dialkylamino alkylmethacrylate, monoalkylaminoalkyl acrylate, monoalkylaminoalkyl methacrylate, trialkyl methacryloxyalkyl ammonium salt, trialkylacryloxyalkyl ammonium salt, ammonium salts diallyl quaternary, and vinyl quaternary ammonium monomers having cyclic cationic nitrogen-containing rings, such as pyridinium, imidazolium, and quaternized pyrrolidine, for example, alkylvinylimidazolium, alkylvinylpyridinium, and alkylvinylpyrrolidine salts. The alkyl portions of these monomers are preferably lower alkyl such as alkyl of 1 to 3 carbon atoms, more preferably alkyl of 1 to 2 carbon atoms. Amine substituted vinyl monomers, suitable for use herein, include dialkylaminoalkyl acrylate, dialkylaminoalkyl methacrylate, dialkylaminoalkylacrylamide, and dialkylaminoalkylmethacrylamide, wherein the alkyl groups are preferably hydrocarbyls of 1 to 7 carbon atoms, more preferably alkyls of 1 to 3 carbon atoms. The deposition polymer may comprise mixtures of monomer units derived from the monomer substituted with amine and / or quaternary ammonium, and / or compatible spacer monomers. Suitable deposition polymers include, for example: cationic copolymers of 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidine and l-vinyl-3-methyl-imidazolium salt (for example, the chloride salt) (named in the industry by the Association of Cosmetics, Toiletry and Fragrance Products "CTFA", such as Polyquaternium-16); copolymers of l-vinyl-2-pyrrolidine and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (referred to in the industry by the CTFA as Polyquaternium-11); polymers containing cationic diallyl quaternary ammonium including, for example, dimethyldiallylammonium chloride homopolymer (referred to in the CTFA industry as Polyquaternium-6); mineral acid salts of aminoalkyl esters of homo- and copolymers of unsaturated carboxylic acids having from 3 to 5 carbon atoms, as described in U.S. Patent 4,009,256; and cationic polyacrylamides as described in UK Application No. 9403156.4. Other cationic deposition polymers, which may be used, include cationic guar gum derivatives, such as guar-hydroxypropyltriamonium chloride (commercially available from Celanese Corp., in its trademark series JAGUAR). Examples are JAGUAR C13s, which has a low degree of substitution of cationic groups and high viscosity. JAGUAR C15, which has a moderate degree of substitution and a low viscosity; JAGUAR C17 (high degree of substitution, high viscosity), JAGUAR C16, which is a hydroxypropylated cationic guar derivative containing a low level of substituent groups as well as cationic quaternary ammonium groups, and JAGUAR 162 which is a guar gum of medium viscosity , high transparency, which has a low degree of substitution. Preferably, the deposition polymer is selected from cationic polyacrylamides and cationic guar derivatives. Particularly preferred deposition polymers are JAGUAR C13s with a cationic charge density of 0.8 meq / g. Other particularly suitable materials include JAGUAR C15, JAGUAR C17, and JAGUAR C16 and JAGUAR C162. The deposition polymer may be present in an amount of from about 0.01 to about 10% by weight of the total composition, preferably from about 0.01 to about 1% by weight, more preferably from about 0.04 to about 0.5% by weight of the convertible concentrate. foam.

Aqueous Carrier The foamable concentrate comprises an aqueous carrier, water which forms the basis of the continuous phase of the microemulsion of particles of silicone conditioning agent. Water is generally present in an amount of about 20 to about 99% by weight of the foamable concentrate.

Propellant The shampoo compositions of the invention contain an aerosol propellant (B). This agent is responsible for the expulsion of the other materials from the container and the formation of the foamy character. The propellant gas can be any liquefiable gas conventionally used for aerosol containers. Examples of suitable propellants include dimethyl ether, propane, n-butane and isobutane, used alone or as a mixture. Other examples of propellants. they are nitrogen, carbon dioxide, compressed air and fluorohydrocarbons such as the material sold by Du Pont under the trade name DYMEL 152a. The amount of the propellant gases is governed by normal factors well known in the aerosol art. For foams the level of propellant is in general from about 3 to about 15%, optimally from about 4 to about 10% for the sensation of creamy foam and pleasant to the touch.

Optional ingredients The compositions of this invention may contain any ingredient normally used in hair treatment formulations.

These other ingredients may include hair styling resins, coloring agents, antifoaming agents, proteins, wetting agents, antioxidants, fragrances, antimicrobials and sunscreens. Each of these ingredients will be present in an effective amount to achieve its purpose.

Packing The compositions of the invention are typically prepared by loading a suitable pressurizable container, with the concentrate convertible to foam, then sealing the container and loading it with the propellant (B) according to conventional techniques. The invention will now be illustrated by the following non-limiting examples. All parts, percentages and proportions referenced are by weight, unless otherwise indicated.

EXAMPLES The following examples illustrate the foam forming shampoo compositions according to the present invention.

Example 1 A concentrate converted to foam was constituted having the following formulation: The foamable concentrate was formulated into an aerosol foam using 93 parts of the foamable concentrate and 7 parts of CAP 40 (butane, 2.7 bar).

Example 2 A foamable concentrate was constituted having the following formulation: The foamable concentrate was formulated into an aerosol foam using 93 parts of the foamable concentrate and 7 parts of CAP 40 (butane, 2.7 bar).

Claims (8)

1. A foam forming cleaning shampoo composition, having improved conditioning performance comprising: (A) a foamable concentrate, comprising: (i) at least one surfactant; (ii) emulsified particles of a conditioning agent having a particle size less or equal. than 1 micrometer; (iii) a deposition polymer for the emulsified particles; (iv) an aqueous carrier; Y (B) an aerosol propellant.

2. A composition according to claim 1, in 1 & which the foamable concentrate is substantially free of crystalline suspending agents.

3. A composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the foamable concentrate further comprises a rheology modifier selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol (PEG), polypropylene glycol (PPG), sodium xylene sulfonate, toluene sulfonate sodium and urea.

4. A composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the conditioning agent is pre-microemulsified dimethiconol.

5. A composition according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the conditioning agent is a crosslinked silicone rubber or a per-ale (en) yl hydrocarbon material.

6. A composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the total amount of the surfactant (including that used as an emulsifier for the high viscosity silicone microemulsified particles) is from 10% to 25% by weight of the foamable concentrate.

7. A composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the deposition polymer is selected from the group consisting of cationic derivatives of polyacrylamides and cationic guar.

8. A composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the propellant gas is selected from the group consisting of dimethyl ether, propane, n-butane, isobutane, and mixtures thereof.