MXPA00003147A - X-ray absorbing material and variants - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an X-ray absorbing material which can be used in medicine as well as in the production of special protection clothes, protection screens, housings, protection coatings and isolation materials. In a first embodiment, the material uses as a filler a poly-dispersed kneading-segregated mixture containing metallic particles having a size of between 10-9 and 10-3 m, wherein said particles are bonded to the surface of a textile base. The density of the material is defined by the relation qN=(0.01 - 0.20)qP where qN is the density of the X-ray absorbing material as a whole while qP is the density of the material used for the particles of the X-ray absorbing filler. In a second embodiment, this invention uses as a filler the above-mentioned mixture though the particles are surrounded by the volume of a matrix made of a compound that solidifies under atmospheric pressure. The total mass of the poly-dispersed and segregated mixture is defined by the relation M=(0.05 - 0.5)m where M is the total mass of the X-ray absorbing poly-dispersed and segregated filler, while m is the equivalent mass of the filler material which is equal by its protection properties to the mass M. In a third embodiment, this invention uses as a filler the above-mentioned mixture though the particles are bonded to an intermediate substrate consisting of a textile base and surrounded by the volume of a matrix.

Description

ABSORBENT X-RAY MATERIAL AND VARIANTS FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to contrast materials with X-rays and materials for protection against X-rays and which can be used in medicine, namely, in roentgen equipment, used for the diagnosis and inspection of diseases, specifically, to monitor the status of endoprosthetic devices, internal surgical fields and post-surgical area, in order to prevent surgical towels, plugs or surgical instruments from being left inside a patient's body to select the exposure areas during the course of radiotherapy, etc., as well as for the production of protective clothing (aprons, gowns, vests, caps, etc.), the production of protective shields, divisions, protective coatings, insulation materials, etc.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION An X-ray absorbing material is known in accordance, for example, with Swedish Patent No. 349366, 1960, which provides an artificial rayon strand containing barium sulfate (BaS04) in the form of mechanical impurity. (from 15 to 65% of the mass). However, the addition of said mechanical impurity to the textile base of the material results in an abrupt reduction of its durability. X-ray absorbing materials are known, made in, for example, strand form containing bismuth oxide, colloidal silver, iodine derivatives as X-ray contrast impurities, added to the polymer composition (the reference to absorbent materials of X-rays are described in, for example, the Vitulsky AV Extract, Master of Science, entitled "Obtaining and research of synthetic fibers with the X-ray contrasting and anti-germ preparations being added at the time of forming", Leningrad, 1974 ). However, when examining the properties of a textile base containing said impurities, it has been shown that due to the violation or disturbance of the structural homogeneity of the fiber, caused by the negative influence of the impurity particles for the contrast, the worsening occurs. of the physical and mechanical properties of the fibers and strands made on the basis of the mentioned impurities. A textile base containing said impurities lacks durability and this factor limits the field of application thereof. An X-ray absorbing material is known in accordance with, for example, the Bulgarian invention certificate No. 36217, 1980, made in the form of a strand containing an X-ray protective coating, produced by heavy metals, designed at drop it in the corresponding solutes of the salts. Unlike the aforementioned materials, it has better physical and mechanical properties, since the design of the coating when dropping heavy metals from the solute does not really affect the mechanical properties of the initial material. However, the small width or thickness of the coating causes reduced contrast properties to X-rays and protection against X-rays. In addition, the weak adhesion of the X-ray absorbing coating to the initial material after washing, cleaning, etc. , causes the abrupt reduction of the properties of X-ray contrast and protection against X-rays. It is known a material that absorbs X-rays, in accordance with the Certificate of Invention No. 1826173 A61B 17/56, 17/00 of the USSR, 1980, which has the merit of a material made in the form of a strand containing a coating of heavy metals that absorbs X-rays, which lacks its disadvantages, due to the fact that the X-ray absorbent coating is made of ultra dispersible particles (UDP for its acronym in English) with sizes between 10 ~ 6 and 10 ~ 7m and which has the property of abnormally weakening radiation (in accordance with «Phenomenon of abnormal reduction of X-ray radiation by ultra dispersible environment », Diploma No. 4 of the Russian Natural Science Academy, priority date -5 / 07/87). The finely dispersible mixture of the metal-containing element (with a size between 10"s and 10" 7m) of this material is bonded to the surfaces of the strand, i.e., to the surface of the textile base. However, the use of the finely dispersible mixture only in the range of ultra dispersible particles (between 10"6 and 10'7m) that are chemically and physically fissile and pyrophoric, is technologically problematic, since it requires special manufacturing conditions. , transport, storage and technological application As a result of the recent discovery in the field of the physics of the polydispersed environment, entitled "The phenomenon of the permeating radiation quantum stream intensity abnormal alteration by mono- and multiple environment" (Diploma No. of the Russian Natural Science Academy, priority date - 09/19/96) it was determined that the polydispersed environment, provided a certain dispersibility of the particles is ensured and the segregation of the same through mixing, also reveals the capacity of an abnormally high reduction of X radiation, which is conditioned by the self-organization of polydisperse particles that they have a size of between one thousandth and hundreds of micrometers in units that absorb energy-interconnected X-rays (the segregation of the polydispersed mixture denotes an irregular distribution of the particles of the polydispersed mixture, caused by the intermixing of the mixture, due to the auto -organization of the particles within the system of interconnected energy units that ensure the increase of the photoabsorption cut). Meanwhile, it is generally known that the use of polydispersed mixtures consisting of particles having a size between 10"9 to 10" 3 in the modern technique does not require any specific limitation and does not imply any specific technological difficulty for the manufacture, transportation, storage and use. An X-ray absorbing material is known, which contains, for example, a rubber matrix with a fixed X-ray absorbing filler, in accordance with U.S. Patent No. 3239669, of 1966. In accordance with the patent, The X-ray absorbent elements in the form of lead, bismuth, silver and tungsten, can be used as a filler. The main disadvantage of the mentioned material is the reduction of the consistency or solidity of the material from 2 to 3 times due to the negative influence of the absorbent particles of the load that disturb the uniform structure of the original polymeric mass.

Other X-ray absorbing materials are known, which contain a matrix with a fixed X-ray absorbing filler or, for example, in the form of gold tubes, in accordance with United States Patent No. 2153889, of 1939 or, in the form of a wire made of alloys containing silver, bismuth or tantalum, wherein the wire and matrix are held together when weaving or interweaving, forming a type of textile thread (U.S. Patent No. 3194239, of 1965) . The materials containing a matrix with a fixed X-ray absorbent charge, in the form of a wire made of alloys containing silver, bismuth or tantalum, where the wire and the matrix are held together by interweaving and forming a textile thread, they are preferable in comparison with the materials according to U.S. Patent No. 2153889, if properties such as consistency or solidity are taken into account but have a lower plasticity, which in many cases is inadmissible. There are known materials that protect against the impact of X-rays and gamma rays, which contain heavy loads, the most widespread of which is, for example, lead (Article entitled "Technical headway in atomic engineering", Series "Isotopes in U.S.S.R", 1987, edition 1 (72), page 85). Due to the large difference between the density of the charge (for example, lead) and the matrix (for example, concrete, polymers, etc.), the charge (lead) is irregularly dispersed in the volume of the matrix, which results in in a decrease in the X-ray absorbing properties of the material as a whole. An X-ray absorbing material, made, for example, on the basis of a polymer matrix of polyesterol and an organic filler containing lead, according to United Kingdom Patent No. 1260342, G 21 F 1/10, is known. from 1972. The material has the same disadvantage as lead-containing fillers, described in the article "Technical headway in atomic engineering", Series "Isotopes in USSR", 1987, edition 1 (72), page 85, which consists of An irregular distribution of heavy X-ray absorbent load inside the matrix, this material has a density considerably lower than that of the material of the load. The closest to the invention presented is an X-ray absorbing material containing a matrix with a charge containing fixed X-ray absorbing metal, in the form of dispersed particles, in accordance with Russian ration Patent No. 2063074 G21 F 1/10 of 06/27/96 (prototype). The disadvantage of the material consists in the fact that the addition of a load containing lead to a textile base results in the reduction of the density of the material, due to the disturbance of the uniform structure of the textile base, which limits, to its time, the possibility of using it to manufacture various protective means. Material made on the basis of a strand with a lead-containing charge can not be used as an X-ray contrast material in medical radiology because of the toxic properties of lead. Furthermore, it is impossible to create an effective compact protection against X and gamma radiation, on the basis of this material as a strand (an analogue thereof is described in, for example, Russian ration Patent No. 2063074) as in this In order to use the yarn material, it is necessary to apply special weaving technology in dense multilayer machine to manufacture a protective fabric of multiple uses. But, as the weakening of a narrow beam of quanta occurs thanks to a stratum of a material having an equal width X, in accordance with the exponential law, in compliance with the legitimacy described in the book "Methods of radiation granulometry and statistical simulation in research of structural properties of composite materials. " (V. A. Vorobiev, B.E. Golovanov, S.

I. Vorobieva, Moscow, Energoatomizdat, 1984), there is a reduction in the intensity of the radiation: I = Io e ~ μX (1) where: I is the intensity of the radiation that passes through a stratum of material that has a width = X, so is the intensity of the initial radiation. μ is the linear factor of radiation reduction (weakening) (regulated tabular value of each material that absorbs X-rays). The disadvantage of the prototype is also that a high percentage of the metal-containing filler in the total amount of the X-ray absorbing material (66-89%), will cause the increase in the mass of the X-ray absorbent material, as a whole and, on the other hand, the articles manufactured with this material are heavy and inconvenient for their maintenance. The irregular distribution of the heavy load in the volume of the matrix is a further disadvantage of the mentioned prototype.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The main tasks in the course of the development of X-ray absorbing materials (ie materials for X-ray contrast and X-ray protective materials) are: to eliminate the toxicity of an X-ray contrast material , reduce the mass and width or thickness of a protective material, The elimination of toxicity is achieved through the application of non-toxic charges (eg, tungsten). And the creation of a compact protection with a reduced thickness of the protective material together with savings in the X-ray absorbing properties (ie, degree of reduction of X-rays and gamma radiation) leads to an increase in the mass of the protective layer of material, caused by the use of "heavy" loads, that is, of high density loads. And on the contrary, when saving X-ray absorbing properties, the reduction in the density of the protective material causes the need to increase its thickness. We illustrate this position with an example of an X-ray absorbent material in the form of a protective tissue (for example, the protective apron of a radiologist) that ensures protection characterized by the reduction factor K = 100. It is possible to deduce it from formula (1) as follows: K = Io / l = eμX = 100, Where x = lnK / μ = 4.6 / μ (2) is derived. As an example, let's compare the properties of fabrics made of strands that they contain the known charges in the form of dispersed particles of lead (Pb) and tungsten () not segregated. The size of the compared tissues was fixed at 10 x 10 cm. The rest of the initial data for the comparison are shown in Table 1.

Table 1. Initial data of the comparison.

*) Remark: the source of radiation is a tube (roentgen), which emits X-rays, -60 keV of energy. From the formula (2) it is possible to deduce, using the data in Table 1, the values of thickness X for the fabrics made of strands with a load constituted by: Pb (X = 0.11cm) and of (X = 0.009 cm) . In accordance with the above, the mass of these protective fabrics with a volume of 10 x 20 x X, will constitute: 52/79 for the Pb - 124.74 g, for the - 168.3 g.

If the mass of the protective fabric based on Pb is considered as 1, then (for equal protective properties and equal sizes) the proportion of the masses of the fabrics made with strand-based containing Pb and, will be 1: 1.35. In this way, it is impossible to obtain the simultaneous reduction of the thickness of the protective material and the mass, using the prototype and similar known technologies. In accordance with the present invention, the imposed tasks are solved thanks to the means mentioned in the distinctive or characterizing part of the independent claims of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED MODALITIES In a first embodiment of an X-ray absorbent material, which comprises a matrix with a charge, which contains metal, fixed X-ray absorber, the material uses as a charge to the segregate when intermingling a polydispersed mixture that it contains metallic particles that have a size between 10 ~ 9 and 10"3, while the textile base serves as a matrix. 52/79 the particles are bonded to the surface of the textile base and the density of the X-ray absorbing material, taken as a whole, to the X-ray absorbing properties of the material that are equal to those of the material used for the particles of the X-ray absorbing charge, is defined by the relationship: pm = (0.01 - 0.20) pp, wherein: pm - density, as a whole, of the X-ray absorbing material, while pp is the density of the material used for the particles of the X-ray absorbing filler. In a second embodiment of an X-ray absorbing material comprising a matrix with a charge, containing metal, fixed X-ray absorber, in the form of dispersed particles, the material uses as a filler the segregate when intermingling the polydispersed mixture containing metal particles having a size between 10 ~ 9 and 10"3 m, where the metal particles are surrounded by the volume of a matrix made of at least one component that solidifies at atmospheric pressure or the composition based on said component.As this occurs, the total mass of the polydispersed mixture segregated consisting of X-ray absorbent charge particles, is defined by the relationship: 52/79 M = (0.05 - 0.5) m, where M is the total mass of the segregated polydispersed mixture consisting of X-ray absorbing filler particles, while m is the equivalent mass of the X-ray absorbing filler material equal in its protective properties to the mass M. a third embodiment of an X-ray absorbing material comprising a matrix with a charge, containing metal, fixed X-ray absorber in the form of dispersed particles, the material uses as charge the segregate when intermingling the polydispersed mixture, which contains metallic particles having a size of between 10"9 to 10" 3 m, wherein the particles are attached to the intermediate substrate which is surrounded by the volume of the matrix made of at least one compound that solidifies at atmospheric pressure or composition based in the compound. A textile base serves as an intermediate substrate. A mineral fiber can be used as an intermediate substrate. The above attributes relate to a range of inventions interconnected by the common conception of the inventor. As this happens, the range of inventions consists of objects of a type and 52/79 application, which ensure the same technical result, namely: the exclusion of the toxicity of a material for X-ray contrast and the reduction of the mass and thickness of a protective material which are the necessary requirements of an invention represented by variants.

Variants of the invention. In a first embodiment of the X-ray absorbent material, the realization of a charge in the form of a segregate when intermingling the polydispersed mixture comprising metal particles having a size between 10 ~ 9 to 10"3 m, ensures the manifestation of an effect qualitatively new by the X-ray absorbent load used - increase in the interaction cut between the emission of X-rays and gamma rays and the substance Due to the mentioned effect, the increase in the specific properties of X-ray absorption is achieved with the DEVELOPED MATERIAL The use of polydispersed mixtures as filler is widely applied in the X-ray absorbing materials described in, for example, Russian Federation patents No. 2063074 and No. 2029399, where non-segregated particles having non-segregated particles are used. a size of between 10"6 to 10" 3 m. However, in the aforementioned materials, the attribute is used in order to 52/79 more regular distribution of the X-ray absorbent charge on the surface of a matrix or inside it. In the metal-containing material, X-ray absorber, defined herein, the segregate upon intermixing the polydispersed mixture, ensures not only a more regular distribution of the X-ray absorbing charge on the surface of a matrix or inside of the matrix. the same; but it also provides the manifestation of a qualitatively new effect - the increase in the cutoff of the interaction between the emission of X-rays and gamma-rays and the substance. The finely dispersible mixture of the metal-containing element (with sizes between 10 ~ 6 and 10"7 m) used in the known analogous material, in accordance with the Certificate of Invention of USSR No. 1826173 is attached to the surface of the textile base Unlike the analogous material, according to the invention presented, the polydispersed mixture consisting of particles having wide range sizes: from 10 ~ 9 to 10 ~ 3, is used.As this occurs, the particles having the sizes in The aforementioned range is included in the common mixture, therefore, work on this mixture under common natural conditions does not reveal any technological obstacle, that is, the mixture does not show activity 52/79 physics or chemistry. In particular, it does not manifest pyrophoric properties. According to the present invention, the use of the segregate in intermixing the polydispersed mixture comprising particles having sizes in the range of 10 ~ 9 to 10"3 m provides a qualitatively new effect, when compared to the analogous material. in accordance with the Certificate of Invention of the USSR No. 1826173. This effect consists in obtaining the same absorption properties of abnormal X-rays, together with this, the dispersed particles of the analogous material (in accordance with the Certificate of Invention of the USSR No. 1826173) are attached to the thread surface, ie, to the surface of a textile base, however, according to the invention presented, as a textile base not only one strand may be used, but also separate filaments thereof. , that is to say, the notion "textile base" encompasses both a strand and separate filaments In accordance with the present invention in the case of separate coated filaments or a charge that absorbs X-rays (and, which is more in the form of segregated by intermixing the polydispersed mixture with the self-organization of polydispersed particles in the energy-consuming, interconnected energy-consuming units) and provided the filaments are twisted into a strand , the /79 strand will have the properties of specific X-ray absorption of a higher level, qualitatively new, in comparison with the analogous material according to the Certificate of Invention of the U.S.S.S. No. 1826173. So, using a textile base as a matrix where the particles of segregated, metal-containing and X-ray-absorbing charges attached to the surface of the same, ensures a qualitatively new effect (different from the prototype) found expression in the upper X-ray absorbing properties of the material characterized by specific properties of extremely increased X-ray absorption. According to the Certificate of Invention of the U.R.S.S. No. 1826173, an absorbent X-ray coating is provided to the die-strand. As for the X-ray absorbent material presented here, a textile base not only in the form of strands as a whole, can be used as a matrix, but also, a textile base in the form of separate filaments of which the strand consists (as mentioned above). A twisted strand of separate filaments coated by an X-ray absorbing filler has much higher X-ray absorbing properties than a strand in which only the open surface of the strand is coated with the X-ray absorbing filler (unlike the material that 52/79 is presented, where the surface of each filament included in the strand is covered by an X-ray absorbent charge). In addition, the surface of each filament is covered by scattered particles segregated by intermixing. As a result, the dispersed particles self-organize into energy-interconnected X-ray absorbent units and this in turn ensures the extreme increase in specific X-ray absorbent characteristics. The realization of a lightning-absorbing material X, as a whole, with the same X-ray absorbing properties of this material and the loading material, where the density of the load is defined by the ratio: pm = (0.01 - 0.20) pp, where p m is the density of the X-ray absorbent material as a whole, while pp is the density of the material used for the particles of the X-ray absorbent charge, it creates a qualitatively new effect (if compared to the prototype material), namely the simultaneous reduction of thickness and density of a protective material. 52/79 The simultaneous reduction of thickness and density of a woven protective material, for example, of an X-ray absorbent strand, ensures the overcoming of the main contradiction that arises while creating an effective compact protection against X-rays. and gamma. In accordance with the invention presented, the densities of the protective materials in the form of a strand and the tissues derived from it, depending on the technical conditions imposed, can constitute between 0.01 (upper limit) and 0.2 (lower limit) of the density of the particulate material. X-ray absorbing filler. If the mass of the X-ray absorbing material (in the present case, a protective fabric made with a strand, according to the invention) is taken as 1, then, to the protective properties and sizes of protective fabrics compared to those of the fabric based on the strand that is presented, for the conditions that are shown in Table 1, the mass correlation will be defined in Table 2 below. 52/79 Table 2. Comparative correlation of tissues in masses with equal protection properties (with respect to the data shown in Table 1).

Thus, the material (tissue) absorbent X-ray that is presented, would have a mass smaller than 9.9 to 267 times (where the other physical and chemical parameters are equal) when compared with protective fabrics based on strands with a charge in the form of non-segregated particles of Pb and. The mentioned factor ensures a qualitatively new effect. Consequently, if it is compared with the prototype, 52/79 the X-ray absorbent material that is presented, demonstrates the absolute absence of toxicity, ensures a high consistency equal to the consistency of the X-ray absorbent textile base designed. Additionally, it ensures the abnormally high absorbing properties of X-rays at low density. In a second embodiment of the X-ray absorbent material, the use of the segregate upon intermixing the polydispersed mixture comprising metal particles having a size of between 10"9 to 10" 3 m (as discussed above) ensures the manifestation of an effect qualitatively new of the X-ray absorbent load used - increasing the cutoff of the interaction between the emission of X-rays and gamma-rays and the substance. The polydispersed mixture containing metal particles having a size between 10"9 to 10" 3 m, is placed inside the volume of the matrix, where the matrix is constituted by at least one component that solidifies at atmospheric pressure or by a composition based on the component, it excludes the disturbance of the X-ray absorbent energy units, formed by intermixing and elaborating the segregated polydispersed mixture of particles of the X-ray absorbing element. Meanwhile, this promotes the self-organization of the X-ray absorbent energy units. 52/79 An inorganic glue, such as Na silicate and water-soluble K silicate, or a suspension in water of the alkali metal and alkaline earth metal oxide containing compositions, as well as compositions based on this glue, can be used as a matrix. Natural polymers, such as collagen, albumin, casein, gum, wood resin, starch, dextrin, latex, natural rubber, gutta-percha, seine, soy casein, as well as compositions based on these polymers, can also be used as matrix . Synthetic polymers, such as polyacrylates, polyamides, polyethylenes, polyethers, polyurethanes, synthetic rubber, phenol formaldehyde resins, carbomid resins, calibration epoxy and compositions based on these polymers, can be used as matrix. Organic polymer-element combinations, such as organic silicon-polymers, organic boro-polymers, organic metal-polymers and compositions based on these polymers, can also be used as a matrix. Plastics with a gaseous charge, such as foamed plastics and expanded plastics, can be used as matrix. 52/79 Vegetable oils or drying oils can be used as matrix. The solutes of the film generating substances, such as oily, alkyd, ether-cellulose lacquers, can be used as a matrix. Polymer dispersions in water, such as emulsion colors, can be used as a matrix. Concrete, plasters, etc., can be used as a matrix. According to the invention defined herein, which uses the matrix made of solidifying compound, unlike the prototype material according to the Russian Federation patent No. 2063074, it occurs at atmospheric pressure, that is, under natural conditions and not at the pressure of 150 mPa, like the prototype. According to the invention defined herein, the mixture is not subjected to pressure, as the protective rubbers as described in the Russian Federation patents Nos. 2077745, 2066491, 2069904, which are subjected to pressure vulcanization after the preparation of the mixture. Consequently, this helps to avoid destroying the X-ray absorbing energy units, formed during the intermixing of the polydispersed segregated mixture of particles of the X-ray absorbing element. The same distinction of the invention defined herein 52/79 from the analogous material according to the Certificate of Invention of the U.R.S.S. No. 834772, occurs, because in accordance with the aforementioned certificate, an X-ray absorbing material at a pressure of 150-200 kg / cm2 is obtained. In an analogous material according to U.S. Patent No. 3194239, the previously disintegrated iron-manganese concretion (IMC) pressed pill is used as an X-ray absorbing filler that is different from the invention defined herein. The effect of pressure on the loading of an analogous material according to the Russian Federation patent No. 2029399 also results in the impossibility of self-organizing energy units (however, this occurs in the invention presented). Thus, the application as a matrix of at least one compound that solidifies at atmospheric pressure or of compositions based on the presented invention, have essential differences of the prototype material, as defined in the Russian Federation patent No. 2063074 7 and of the analogous materials according to the patents of the Russian Federation Nos. 2029399, 2077745, 2066491, 2069904, in part of the respective functional properties. The realization of a condition in which the common mass of the segregated polydispersed mixture consisting of 52/79 X-ray absorbent charge particulate material is defined by the ratio M = (0.05 - 0.5) m, wherein M is the total mass of the segregated polydispersed mixture consisting of X-ray absorbing charge particles; whereas m is the equivalent mass of the X-ray absorbing material that is equal in its protective properties to the mass M, - it will allow (in accordance with the second variant of the X-ray absorbing material) to reduce a mass of absorbent charges X-ray known in protective materials from 2 to 20 times, depending on the particular technical conditions and save on the reduction factor of X-ray and gamma-ray radiation. The reduction of the mass and the thickness of the protective material can be considered as the main objective, while the protection against the roengénica and gamma radiation is built. However, the creation of compact protection that has a reduced layer thickness, leads to increase the mass of the protective layer, due to the use of known heavy loads and, on the contrary, the saving in the reduction factor of the radiation roengénica and gamma, reducing the density of a material, implies the need to increase the thickness of the protection. And this is the main inconsistency that arises, while creating the effective compact protection against the roengénica and gamma radiation, since the simultaneous reduction of the thickness and the mass of the X-ray absorbent material can not be achieved in a practical way with the known loads applied for protection. This inconsistency requires a certain commitment of approach with respect to the choice of thickness and mass of the protection with the assignment of a cost of said protection. Let us illustrate this problem with an example of the most commonly applied material for the purpose of protection against gamma radiation, such as, for example, concrete. The density of different types of normal Portland concrete, which contains cement as a connecting substance and the silicon pebbles, etchings, quartz sand and similar mineral charges, constitute 2.0 to 2.4 g / cm3. A linear reduction factor in gamma radiation is 0.11 to 0.13 cm "1 (for energies of 1 to 2 MeV.) The protection made of concrete that has this density is very cumbersome and must have a considerable thickness. cement as a connecting substance, sand as a filler and galena as X-ray absorbing filler in a ratio of 1: 2: 4, has a density of 4.27 52/79 g / cm3 and its linear reduction factor is 0.26 cm "1 (for energies 1.25 MeV) Concrete that contains cement as a connecting substance, sand as a filler and lead as an X-ray absorbent load in the ratio of 1: 2: 4, has a density of 5.9 g / cm3 and the linear reduction factor of 0.38 cm "1 (for energies of 1.25 MeV) The protection made or made of concrete with a charge in the form of lead (lead fraction) or galena, is more compact but this protection is much more expensive than the usual concretes.The X-ray absorbent load such as, for example, the barite , BaS04, allows to solve the problem of choosing the thickness and the mass of the protection with respect to its cost, although the appropriate solution is only found at the palliative level.The barite concretes that contain as charges sand and tape and barite as charge X-ray absorbent, have a density of 3.0 to 3.6 g / cm3 and the linear reduction factor of 0.15 to 0.17 cm "1 (for energies of 1.25 MeV). However, the total mass of the protection of the barite concrete for the energy value of certain gamma quanta, remains considerable, which causes serious difficulties when creating the protection, especially the protection of transport facilities. The above-stated inconsistency could be overcome, when iron-manganese concretions are used as an X-ray absorbing filler, for example, as defined in the Russian Federation patent No. 2029399. But even in this case it is impossible to reduce the mass total protective material in more than 20 to 45%, compared to known materials. However, according to the present invention, the correlation of the total mass of the segregated polydispersed mixture consisting of particles of X-ray absorbing material with the formula set forth above, makes it possible to reduce the mass included in the known protective materials of absorbent charges of X-rays from 2 to 20 times, depending on the particular technical conditions and savings in the reduction factor of X-ray and gamma-ray radiation. The technical result of the second variant of the invention is the obtaining of an X-ray absorbent material with a low percentage of X-ray absorbing load, containing metal. This effect provides the reduction of the thickness and mass of the X-ray absorbent material as a whole, without the aggravation of the X-ray absorbing properties. In a third embodiment of an X-ray absorbing material, the use of the segregate upon intermixing the polydispersed mixture comprising metallic particles 52/79 having a size between 10"9 to 10" 3 m, as a load (as described above) provides the manifestation of the qualitatively new effect of the X-ray absorbent load used, namely an increase in the cut of the interaction between the emission of X-rays and gamma rays and the substance. The union or ligature of the segregated polydispersed mixture consisting of X-ray absorbing substrate particles in the intermediate substrate, promotes the obtention of an X-ray absorbent material with a uniform distribution of the heavy load, which contains metal, lightning absorber X inside the matrix that has a density considerably smaller than the material of the charge. The allocation of the polydispersed mixture comprising metal particles having a size between 10"9 and 10" 3 m inside the volume or mass of the matrix made of at least one compound that solidifies at atmospheric pressure or the composition based in the compound, it eliminates (as described above) the disturbance of the X-ray absorbent energy units formed in the intermixing, which consist of the polydispersed mixture of particles of the X-ray absorbing element and also promotes self-organization of energy units X-ray absorbers 52/79 A textile base and a mineral fiber can be used as an intermediate substrate, according to the third variant of the invention. The above description of the variants of the X-ray absorbing material confirms the possibility of carrying out the invention, since the resources known at the date of creation of the invention are used. In addition, it is shown that the distinctive whole that describe the essence of the invention, is sufficient to solve the imposed task.

Industrial application The variants of the invention, stated above, can be illustrated with the following examples: Example 1. A charge in the form of a segregate when intermingling the polydispersed mixture made of or consisting of tungsten particles is attached to the surface of the matrix in the form of a twisted lavsan strand. To this end, the strand will be placed for a period of 10 minutes in the pseudo-extruded stratum (boiling) (under the effect of a strong air current) of polydispersed mixture of the following fractional structure: 20 microns - 15%; 45 microns - 80%; 500 microns - approximately 5%; 1000 microns - 0.01%. 52/79 Under these conditions, the segregation of the particles occurs because the particles self-organize into interdependent X-ray absorbing energy units. Meanwhile, these particles are attracted to the strand, therefore, they are "soldered". "on its surface. The strand treated in this way obtains properties that provide the abnormal reduction of X-radiation. Experiment data: Diameter of the strand - 0.3 mm; Length of the strand - 3200 mm; Weight of the strand before designing the mechanical impurity of tungsten - 0.110 g; Weight of the strand after designing the mechanical impurity of tungsten - 0.160 g; Consistency of the strand before designing the mechanical impurity of tungsten - 47 H, the same after designing the mechanical impurity of tungsten - 47H.

As this has occurred, the mass density of the units of tungsten particles on the surface of the strand have been constituted at 0.0017 g / cm2, the size of the strand - 0.22 cm3, and the density of the same as a whole: p = 0.7 g / cm3. 52/79 After treating the strand sample obtained with the current of quanta with an energy of 60 keV and the fixation of the products in a roenglenic film, the densitometry compared with standard leaded plates of different thickness (with gradual weakening of 0.5 mm of Pb to 0.5 mm of Pb with a step of 0.05 mm of Pb) has been carried out. In the product it was determined that the X-ray absorption of a strand is equivalent to a leaded plate having a thickness of 0.1 mm or 0.075 mm W, in accordance with the above, which bears witness to the abnormally high absorption properties of X-rays of a strand. In addition, in accordance with the formula of the invention p m = (0.01 - 0.20) pp, where p m is the density of the X-ray absorbing material (in our case - one strand) as a whole, while pp - density of the X-ray absorbing material (in our case - tungsten); we have: p m / pp = 0.7 / 19.3 = 0.036. The value obtained from the ratio p m / p p is kept within the range (0.01-0.2) according to the formula of the invention. 52/79 Example 2. Segmented polydisperse tungsten particles ranging in size from 10"9 to 10" 3, are bonded to a matrix in the form of a textile material (the thick woolen cloth for coats) having a thickness of 0.4 cm. The segregation and union of the tungsten particles to a textile matrix is carried out by means of precipitation from hydrosol under conditions of continuous intermixing, during the last 15 minutes. Then a mixture is dried at room temperature in a day. The subsequent X-ray test (with energy quanta of 60 keV) has shown that the X-ray protection properties of the obtained sample correspond to the same properties of a leaved slice having a thickness of 0.015 cm. This level of protection testifies to the abnormally high reduction of the X-ray emission current, since the indicated level of protection in the use of normal non-segregated filler material requires binding to a matrix of 100% tungsten mass (instead of 53%, as in our case). Of course, according to the invention and in connection with the example considered, the mass of the X-ray absorbent load has been constituted at 0.116 g, that is, 53% of the total mass of the sample, where the thickness of an elaborate sample of material 52/79 textile (the thick woolen cloth for coats) has been equal to 0.4 cm, the sample size has been lxl cm2 and the mass of it has been 0.216 g. As this has happened, the density of the X-ray absorbing material, as a whole, has been constituted in: p m = 0.216 / 1x1x0.4 = 0.54 g / cm3, and the tungsten mass of the non-segregated particles which is equivalent in X-ray absorbing properties, is constituted in: 0. 015 x 0.75 x 19.3 = 0.217 g, that is, 100% of the mass of a sample of textile material. From the above it is obvious that the ratio p m / p p 0. 54 / 19.3 = 0.0279 corresponds to a declared interval.

Example 3. An X-ray absorbent charge in the form of polydisperse tungsten particles having a size between 10"9 and 10" 3 m, amounts to an amount = 12% of the mass is introduced into a matrix in the form of an articulation rubber of the "Ap -24" brand, which has the following structure: C - 84.73%; H - 9.12%; 5 - 1.63%; N - 0.58%; Zn - 2.27%; 02 - 1.69% and a size of - 100 cm3. The 52/79 tungsten particles included in the raw rubber structure were subjected to segregation by intermixing in a mixer for 8 hours. As a result, particle self-organization was achieved in the system of energy consuming units. After the raw rubber, loaded with the X-ray absorbent load, has been subjected to vulcanization without pressure effect. The subsequent X-ray test (at quanta energy of - 60 keV) has shown that the X-ray protection properties of the rubber sample obtained having a thickness of 3 mm correspond to the same properties of a leaved slice that It has a thickness of 0.11 mm. This level of protection testifies to the abnormally high reduction of the X-ray emission current, because the level of protection indicated in the use of non-segregated filler material requires adding 0.16 g of tungsten to the matrix, that is, 34% in mass (instead of 12%, as in our case). In this way, for a considered example (thickness of a rubber sample - & = 0.3 cm; density - p = 1.56 g / cm3; a mass of rubber sample having a size of 1 x 1 cm is made up of 0.468 g, the total mass of the polydisperse charge particles, that is, 12% of the mass of the rubber sample M = 0.056 g); a 52/79 equivalent mass of the X-ray absorbent charge which is equal in protective properties to the mass M, is equal to m = 0.16 g (34% of the total mass of the rubber sample). From the above it is obvious that the ratio M / m = 0.056 / 0.16 = 0.35 corresponds to the range defined in the formula of the invention (0.05 - 0.5), which decreases the waste of load, reduces the mass of a protective material in its totality and decreases the production costs of it.

Example 4. A load in the form of super-thin basalt fiber TK-4, in which the segregate upon intermixing (in a spherical porcelain trimmer) the polydispersed mixture made of tungsten particles having a size of between 10"9 and 10"3 was fixed, it was introduced inside a matrix in the form of an epoxy primer with the trademark" AP-0010"(Official Norm of the Russian Federation No. 28379-89). The ratio of a mass of basalt fibers to a mass of tungsten is 1: 3. The epoxy primer has been carefully intermixed by a spatula with a basalt fiber prepared, thus, the ratio of a mass of primed to a mass of fiber has been constituted in 9: 1. After intermixing and obtaining a homogenous mass, the primer has been spread on a surface of cardboard plates as a uniform layer and 52/79 after solidifying in one day has been tested. The X-ray test of the samples (at quanta energy of -60 keV) have shown that at a depth of primer layer equal to 2.06 mm, the protective properties of these are equal to 0.08 mm of Pb, which gives testimony about the abnormally high reduction of the X-ray emission current, since the level of protection indicated in the use of non-segregated weighted material particles requires adding to the epoxy matrix 38% tungsten in mass (instead of 7.5 %, as in our case). In a considered example (& = 2.06 mm; p = 1.46 g / cm3) the mass of an epoxy primer sample having the size of lxl cm2, constitutes 0.3 g. The total mass of an intermediate substrate with tungsten particles bonded to the substrate is 0.03 g (10% sample mass). As this happens, the tungsten mass is constituted in 3/4 of the mass of the load, that is, 0.0225 r, which constitutes 7.5% of the mass of a sample as a whole. In addition, the mass of tungsten, equal to the lead that has a thickness of 0.08 mm, constitutes 0.008 x 0.75 x 19.3 = 0.1158 g, which corresponds to 38.6% of the mass of the sample.

Example 5. 5% by mass of the intermediate substrate 52/79 in the form of disintegrated staple fibers (byproducts of the filler or felting and the combed wool industry) to which the polydispersed tungsten particles, which have a size of between 10"9 and 10" 3 m, segregated into 20 minutes by intense intermixing in a pseudo-liquefied layer, they were introduced into a dry gypsum matrix. The ratio of the mass of staple fibers to the tungsten mass was 1: 3. Thus, the prepared mixture is carefully mixed until obtaining a homogeneous mass of gypsum-plaster. After water is added, the dough is again carefully mixed and samples having lxl cm sizes and a thickness of 1 cm are cast from the obtained liquid substance. After drying and solidification of the samples, they are subjected to the tests (at quanta energy of - 60 keV). The X-ray tests with the subsequent coincidence with the gradual leaded weakening have shown that the obtained samples have protective properties equal to those of a leaded plate having a width of 0.04 cm. This level of protection testifies to the abnormally high reduction in X-radiation, since the same level of protection can be obtained in the use of non-segregated particles of the charge, only with a content of tungsten particles of -26.32%. the mass (instead of 3.75%, as in our case). For a considered example 52/79 (the thickness of a gypsum sample - 1 cm, with density of - 1.32 g / cm3) the mass of the sample constitutes 1.32 g. In this way, the shared mass of tungsten particles in a sample constitutes: 1. 32 x 0.05 x 0.75 = 0.0495 g, that is, 3.75% of the total mass of the sample. At the same time, the mass of tungsten is equal to the mass of a leaded plate that has a thickness of 0.04 cm (by the results of the X-ray test) is equal to 0.04 x 0.75 x 19.3 = 0.347 g, which corresponds to the 26.32% of the sample mass. The above-mentioned examples of (variants of) the modality of X-ray absorbent materials and the forms for their obtaining, testifies on the industrial application of the materials in the area of the indicated technique. 2/79

Claims (2)

CLAIMS; An X-ray absorbent material, comprising a matrix with a charge, containing metal, fixed X-ray absorber, in the form of dispersed particles, wherein the material uses the segregate as charge when intermingling the polydispersed mixture containing particles metallic ones that have a size between 10"9 and 10" 3 m, while a textile base serves as a matrix; and, where, the particles are bonded or bound to the surface of the textile base and the density of the X-ray absorbent material, taken as a whole, to the X-ray absorbent properties of the material that will be the same as the material used for The particles of the X-ray absorbent charge are defined by the relationship: p m = (0.01 - = - 0.20) pp, where p is the density of the X-ray absorbing material, as a whole insofar as pp is the density of the material used for the particles of the X-ray absorbing filler. 2. An X-ray absorbing material, comprising a matrix with a charge, which contains metal, fixed X-ray absorber in the form of particles 52/79, where the material uses the segregate as a filler when intermingling the polydispersed mixture containing metal particles having a size of 10"9 and 10" 3 m, where the particles are surrounded by the volume of the matrix constituted by at least one compound that solidifies at atmospheric pressure or the composition based on the compound and the total mass of the segregated polydispersed mixture consisting of particles of the X-ray absorbing filler is defined by the relationship:
1. M = (0.05 -s- 0.5) m, wherein M is the total mass of the segregated polydispersed mixture consisting of the X-ray absorbing filler particles, while m is the equivalent mass of the X-ray absorbing filler material equal in its protective properties to the mass M. 3. An X-ray absorbing material, comprising a matrix with a charge, containing metal, fixed X-ray absorber in the form of dispersed particles, wherein the material uses the segregate as a filler when intermingling the polydispersed mixture containing metallic particles which have a size between 10"9 and 10" 3 m, where the particles are attached or 52/79 linked to an intermediate substrate surrounded by the volume of a matrix made with at least one compound that solidifies at atmospheric pressure or made from a composition based on the compound. 4. An X-ray absorbent material according to claim 3, wherein a textile base is used as an intermediate substrate. 5. An X-ray absorbent material according to claim 3, wherein a mineral fiber is used as an intermediate substrate.
2. 2/79