MXPA00002478A - Absorbent article with wetness indicator - Google Patents

Abstract

Composite electrodes comprising carbon nanofibers (fibrils) and an electrochemically active material are provided for use in electrochemical capacitors. The fibril composite electrodes exhibit high conductivity, improved efficiency of active materials, high stability, easy processing, and increase the performance of the capacitor. A method for producing the composite electrodes for use in electrochemical capacitors is also provided.

Description

ABSORBENT ARTICLE COM MOISTURE INDICATOR Field of the Invention The present invention relates to garment articles. More particularly, the present invention relates to absorbent articles, desirably disposable absorbent articles, which have an outer cover distinctly configured to provide an indication of the degree of humidity within the diaper.

Antecedents of the Invention Conventional garment articles, such as disposable diapers and other disposable absorbent articles, have typically employed mechanical fasteners or adhesive, which fasten designated belt band sections of articles around a wearer. In addition, they have employed various configurations of waist elastics, leg elastics, elasticated linings, and elasticated outer covers over clothing or garments to help produce and maintain the notch of the articles around the contours of the body of the garment. user.

It has been desirable for a caregiver who uses a distressing pa on an infant to be able to determine if diaper contains moisture without disturbing the infant. For example, sound alarms have been incorporated into diapers for indi when they have been moistened.

Visua mechanisms have also been used to indicate the presence of moisture in a disposable diaper. diapers have included letters or printed objects that use dye specific fugitive moisture inks placed on the inner surface of the outer cover impervious to translucent moisture that makes contact with a system absorb Printed objects may disappear when the moisture in the absorbent system makes contact with those inks or tin runaways with moisture.

Another visual moisture indicator has included color change / pH change indicator material located on the inner surface of a waterproof and translucent outer cover which contacts the absorbent system. The indicator material changes color at contact c the humidity of the absorbent system.

Conventional garment items, such as those described above, have provided desirable levels of aesthetics and comfort, and have been susceptible to excessive moisture levels within the garment. Where the pieces are configured as absorbent articles, the articles have been susceptible to excessive draining of the liquids from other waste materials. As a result of this, there has been a continued need for improved garments having more consistent fit, greater comfort and a possibility of runoff.

Brief Description of the Invention Generally stated, the present invention provides an absorbent article having a front end portion, a rear waist portion, and an intermediate portion. The article includes a lower blade member and an intermediate shoulder. The article includes an easily conformable and flexible conformable sheet sheet member, and a sheet layer super permeable to liquid. An absorbent body has a retention portion and is sandwiched between the lower sheet member and the upper sheet layer. A moisture indicator in the article visually shows a presence of liquid in selected regions of the article. The moisture indicator includes at least a lower sheet member indicator section, which includes a lower material h having a layer of polymer sheet. The indicator section of the lower sheet member also includes plurality of translucent windows, which are arranged in an area pattern and are formed by a selected heat treatment of the polymer sheet layer. The indicator section has a first appearance when article parts in the translucent windows are dry, and has a second visually different appearance when the article parts in the translucent windows are moistened with water.

In particular aspects of the invention, indicator section can therefore provide a distinctive contrast ratio. For example, the proportion of cons may be at least about 1.1. In other aspects a layer of contrast material may be attached to the article in an operative location, which is interposed between the proposed user of the article and the indicator section d of the lower sheet member. The contrast layer can have a first appearance through the translucent windows when said contrast material is dry, and have a visually different appearance according to the translucent windows when the contrast material is moistened with water.

Yet another aspect of the invention can provide a distinctive article which includes a front waistband part, a waistband back part and an intermediate waistband. The article comprises a flexible bottom sheet member, and a liquid-permeable top sheet layer. An absorbent body structure has a retention portion and is positioned as a sandwich between the lower sheet member and the upper sheet ca. The article includes a humidity indicator, which visually shows a presence of liquid in selected areas of the article. The moisture indicator provides at least one indicator section of the lower sheet member that includes a lower ho laminate having a fibrous nonwoven fabric attached to a polymer sheet layer. The indicator section of the lower sheet member includes a plurality of translucent windows which are arranged in an area pattern and are formed by a selected thermal bonding of the fibrous nonwoven fabric with the polymer sheet layer in the lower sheet sheet material . A layer of contrast material can join the article in an operative location, which is interposed between a proposed user of the article and the indicated section of the lower sheet member. The contrast layer may have a first appearance through the translucent windows when the contrast material is dry, and will have a visually distinct appearance through the translucent windows when the contrast material is moistened with water or another aqueous liquid.

By incorporating its various aspects, article of the present invention can provide improved comfort to the user. Humidity within the article can be maintained at low levels during the period of use, and moisture within the article can be monitored more efficiently. A caregiver can better determine whether or not the pa contains excessive moisture without disturbing the infant. present invention can provide an effective mechanism, low cost, durable and easy to manufacture, which visually indicates to a caretaker the moisture level within article, without the complication of additional manufacture and consequence of applying an ink or separate dyes or expensive component to the interior of the waterproof part of the outer cover of the diaper. The present invention can also provide a large visually pleasing patterned engraving on the outer cover of the breathable disposable pa to connote aesthetic and functional properties of a pre-durable type of fabric. In addition, the present invention can provide dense binding pattern on the outer cover which, with introduction of moisture into the diaper, provides visual indication of the moisture in a corresponding color design of the disposable diaper fabric. As a result, item can be removed and changed in a more way to reduce the likelihood of user irritation and unwanted runoff.

Brief Description of the Drawings The present invention will be fully understood and the additional advantages will be more evident when reference is made to the following detailed description of the invention and to the drawings in which: Figure 1 shows a plan view super side to the inner body of a representative pa article.

Figure 2 shows a plan view of the lower outer leaf l of a diaper article depicted Figure 3 representatively shows an expanded cross-sectional and longitudinal section of a diaper article of the invention.

Figure 4 shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of the pattern representative of the translucent window areas, essentially formed through the superfisie area of the lower sheet member.

Figure 5 representatively shows a partially expanded side vi of a laminated polymer sheet or film layer used with the article of the invention.

Figure 6 representatively shows a cross-sectional side view of a laminated and bonded lower sheet member employed with the article of invention.

Figure 7 shows an enlarged top view of a representative pattern of translucently shaped translucent window areas through the area of the outer surface of the lower sheet member; Figure 8 is a graph, which representatively shows a comparison of the Hunter color contrast ratios (moisture versus dryness) for the first group of sample materials.

Figure 8A is a graph, which representatively shows the comparison of the Hunter color contrast ratios (moisture versus dryness) for the second group of sample materials. i Figure 9 is a graph which representatively shows a comparison of the color contrast ratios Tristimulus (moisture against dryness for a first group of sample materials; Figure 9A is a graph, which representatively shows a comparison of the color contrast ratios Tristimulus (moisture versus dryness for a second group of sample materials.

Figure 10 is a graph, which representatively shows a comparison of the contrast ratios Wl of Chromaticity x, (humidity against dryness for a first group of sample materials; Figure 10A is a graph, which representatively shows a comparison of the contrast proportions W1, Cromatisity x, (humidity in dryness for a second group of sample materials.

Detailed description of the invention The various aspects and embodiments of the invention will be described in the context of a disposable absorbent article, such as a disposable diaper. However, it is readily apparent that the present invention can also be used with other articles, such as caps, gowns, shoe covers, feminine care articles, training underpants for children, incontinent garments and the like. Typically, disposable articles are intended for A limited u and do not try to be washed or cleaned another way to reuse. A disposable diaper, for example, is discarded after it has been soiled by the user. Optionally, a disposable diaper may include a single use absorbent insert, and a limited u outer cover, which may be reused several times. C reference to figures 1, 2, 3 and 4, an article such as absorbent diaper representatively shown 10, has a longitudinal direction in the direction of the length 26, or transverse lateral direction 24 and a first part of the waistband 12 in the back or back of the diaper. The first part of the waistband has a side surface to the inner body and an outer surface thereof. A second front waistband part 14 is positioned longitudinally opposite the first waistband part 12 and a side surface to the inner body and an outer surface thereof. An intermediate crotch portion 16 interconnects the first and second preti portions 12 and 14 respectively. The article comprises a conformable and flexible bottom sheet member 30, and a liquid-permeable upper sheet sheet 28. An absorbent body structure 32, with a retaining portion 48 is sandwich-shaped between the lower sheet member 30 and upper sheet layer 28, and a moisture indicator 4 visually shows a presence of the liquid in the selected areas of the article. The moisture indicator is provided by at least one indicator section of the lower blade member 30, which includes a layer of polymer sheet 96. The unshakable section of the lower blade member 30 has a plurality of translucent windows 98, which are arranged in a selected area pattern and are formed by an operative heat treatment of the polymer sheet layer 96. The unshakable section has a first appearance when the corresponding parts of the article in the windows are translucent are dry and have a second appearance visually different when the corresponding parts of the article in the traslusent windows are wetted with water. In the particular aspects of the invention, the indicator session can p both provide a distinctive contrast ratio. Contrast ratio can, for example, be at least about 1.1 or more. In other aspects, a layer designated as contrast material 44 may be attached to the article in operative location, the sual being interposed between a proposed user of the article and the indicator section of the lower sheet member 30. The contrast layer 44 may have a prime appearance through translucent windows 98 when contrast material is dry and may have a visually different appearance according to translucent windows 98, when the contrast material is wetted with water or other aqueous liquid. In desired arrangements of invention, the moisture indicator can be provided for less by a non-sag section of the lower sheet member 3 the sual includes a lower sheet laminate having a non-woven fibrous web 94 attached to the polymer sheet web 96. The indiscising session of the lower leaf member 30 includes a plurality of translucent windows 98, which are arranged in a selected area pattern and are formed by means of a non-woven fibrous fabric 94 thermal treatment and the sheet sheet polymer 96 the sheet material laminated below. For example, the plurality of translucent windows 98 may be arranged in a selected area pattern and may be formed by an operative thermal treatment, such as a thermal bonding of the fibrous nonwoven fabric 94 to the polymer sheet layer 96 in the laminate material of lower sheet.

The various aspects (individually and combinatorially) of the present invention can advantageously help to better maintain the desired notch around the user. For example, aspects of the invention for reducing moisture within the article and can provide improved appearance and comfort. When incorporated within the absorbent article, the various aspects of the invention can provide improved aesthetics, irritation that is reduced by the user, and a reduced possibility of unwanted draining.

A desired integral garment article of the invention can, for example, be provided by the disposable diaper shown representatively 10. The diaper can include a lower sheet web 30, a layer of liquid-permeable upper web 28 that is integrated and integrated into the web. bottom sheet, and an absorbent cover, such as a structure, which includes an absorbent body 32. The absorbent structure is collimated in the form of a sandwich between the lower sheet and upper sheet webs, and is operably held laminated therebetween. A fastening system, such as a system including the fasteners 36, is configured to join the rear waistband portion 12 in an overlapping relationship with the front waistband portion 14 to surround p both the wearer's body and hold the diaper. safe on user during use. Optionally, the fastening system can employ fastening appendages 36, which are configured to join the front waistband part 14 in a superimposed relationship with the rear waistband portions 12 pa thereby surrounding the user's body during use.

As shown representatively, the front waistband section 14 of the diaper 10 has a opposite lateral side pair opposite the side edge regions 88, and the rear waistband section 12 has a rear pair, laterally opposite the side edge regions 86. The section intermediate interconnects the front and back waistband section provides a diaper crotch region, which is typically placed between the legs of the wearer. The article has a fastener-fitting member designated 50, the cu being col- lated on the outer surface of the article. In the example shown in FIG. 2, for example, the soldering member 50 is soldered on an outer surface of the lower web 30. The liquid-permeable upper web sheet 28 is superposed in a front relation of the lower web layer 30. , and the absorbent body 32 is operably connected and fixed between the lower sheet layer 30 and the upper sheet layer 28.

Figures 1 and 2 show the typical pla-views of the representative undesirable diaper 10 in its contracted and generally planar state (for example: with folded and struded indussion by the elastid sensually removed). parts of the strut are parsially sortadas to clearly show the interior construction of the diaper article, and the side surface to the body of the diaper that h contasto with the user is facing the observer. The outer edges of the diaper define a periphery 18 with the longitudinally extending lateral edge margins 20 and laterally extending end edge margins 2 The lateral edges define the diaper leg openings, and optionally, are curvilinear and contoured. End edges are shown as straight, but optionally they may be curvilinear.

With regard to the designated surfaces of the article and the components, the various surfaces are configured to face the body of the user when the article is collided around the user. The various outer surfaces are designed to be away from the user's body when the article is placed around the user.

The diaper 10 typically includes a porous liquid permeable sheet 28; a lower sheet essentially impermeable to liquid 30. An absorbent structure 32 placed and connected between the upper sheet and the lower sheet; a pair of emergence management 46 located on one side of the absorbent structure; and a system of elastomeric folding members t as a system including leg elastics 34 and waist elastics 42. The emergence management part is placed in communication of the liquid with a retention portion 48 of the absorbent structure, and the sheet upper 28, lower flap 30, absorbent structure 32, emergence management part 46 and elastic members 34 and 42 can be assembled together in a variety of well-known bale configurations. The diaper may additionally include a finning web system 62 and a panel or side ear member system 38, the suals may be elasticated or otherwise made elastomeric.

Examples of the articles, which include the elasticized side panels and the selectively configured fastener appendages are described in the United States of America patent application, Ser. 168,615 of T. Roessler et al., Entitled "DYNAMIC ADJUSTMENT DIAPER" and filed on December 16, 1993 (lawyer case No. 10,961). Various techniques for forming the desired fastening systems are described in U.S. Patent No. 5,399,219 to T. Roessler and another entitled "Method for Making a Fastening System for Dynamic Adjustment Diaper" and issued on Jan. 21. March 19 (lawyer's case No. 11,186); and U.S. Patent Application No. 286,086 of D. Frie entitled "PROCESS FOR ASSEMBLING PORTS OF ELASTICIATED EARS and filed on August 3, 1994 (attorney's case No. 11,169), which was granted as the patent. of the United States of North America No. 5,540,796, and in the patent application of the United States of America series No. 08 / 415,383 of Fries, entitled "A ASSEMBLY PROCESS FOR A LAMINATED CIN" and filed on April 3, 1995 (advocacy issue No. 11,950) which was issued, United States Patent No. 5,595,618 The descriptions of the above-mentioned documents are hereby incorporated by reference in a manner that is consistent (not in confl. ) are the same The diaper 10 generally defines the longitudinally extending length 26 and the laterally extending width 24, as shown representatively in Figure 1. The diaper may have any desired shape, such as rectangular, Form I, a generally hourglass shape, a T-shape, and the T-shape, the transverse bar of the letter T may comprise the front waistband portion of the diaper, or alternatively may comprise the rear waistband portion of the diaper.

The topsheet 28 and the bottomsheet 30 may be generally soextensive and may have ansho length dimensions, which are generally larger that extend beyond the corresponding dimensions of the absorbent structure 32 to provide the corresponding side margins. and the end margins 22. Optionally, the upper leaf and lower leaf webs may be coextensive. The upper sheet 28 is operatively associated is superimposed on the lower sheet 30, defining po both the periphery of the diaper. The waistband regions comprise those parts of the diaper, which when worn, cover completely or partially surround the lower middle torso of the wearer's belt. The intermediate crotch region 16 lies between the sound band regions 14 and 12, that portion of the diaper is suctioned, which is used is placed between the legs of the wearer and below the lower torso of the wearer. Therefore, the intermediate crotch region 16 is an area where the repeated emergence of the liquid in the diaper or other desensitizing absorbent article arises.

The lower sheet 30 may typically be located along an outer side surface of absorbent body 32 and may be composed of a liquid permeable material, but desirably comprises a material which is configured to be essentially liquid impervious. For example, a typical bottom sheet can be made of a thin plastic film, or other material that is sensibly impermeable to flexible liquid. As used in the present disclosure, the term "flexible" refers to materials, which are docile and which will readily conform to the general shape and contours of the user's body. The lower sheet 30 prevents the exudates contained in the absorbent body 32 from wetting the items such as the bed sheets and the overbeds, which have worn down the diaper 10. In the particular embodiments of the invention, the lower sheet 30 can include a film, such as a polyethylene film, having a thickness of from about 0.012 millimeters to about 0.051 millimeters. For example, the lower sheet film may have a thickness of about 1.25 mils.

The alternate constructions of the lower sheet may comprise a non-woven or woven fibrous fabric layer, which has been completely or partially constructed or treated to impart the desired levels of liquid impermeability to seleded regions which are adjacent to the absorbent substance. . For example, the lower sheet may include a gas permeable nonwoven fabric laminated to a polymer film layer, which may or may not be gas permeable. Other examples of the fibrous teatype lower sheet materials may comprise a stretched or thinned stretched thermal laminate material composed of a polypropylene set film of 0.015 millimeters thick and a polypropylene spunbonded material of 23.8 grams per square meter (two denier fibers). A material of this type forms the outer shell of a Huggies® ULTRATRIM diaper, which is commercially available from Kimberly-Clark Corporation. The lower flap 30 typically provides the outer cover of the article. Optionally, however, the article may include a separate outer cover component member, the su is additional to the lower sheet.

The lower sheet 30 may include a microporous "breathable" material, which allows gases, such as water vapor, to escape from the absorbent body 32 while essentially preventing liquid exudates from passing through the lower sheet. For example, the breathable lower sheet may be composed of a microporous polymer film or a non-woven fabric which has been re-surfaced or otherwise modified to impart a desired level of liquid impermeability. For example, a suitable micropore film may be a PMP-1 material, which is available from Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Inc., a company having offices in Tokyo, Japan; or a polyolefin film XKO-8044, available from 3M Company of Minneapolis, Minnesota. The bottom sheet can also be engraved or otherwise provided with a matte finish to exhibit a more aesthetically pleasing appearance.

In the various configurations of the invention, where a component such as the lower sheet 30 or the fins 62 are set to be permeable to ga while having a limited resistance and permeability to aqueous liquid, the liquid-resistant component may have a construction. , which is capable of sustaining a hydro head at least about 45 centimeters of water without sensing through it. A suitable test to determine the resistance of a material to liquid penetration is the federal test method FTMS 191 Method 5514, dated December 31, 1968.

Therefore, the lower leaf member 30 sufficiently impermeable to the liquid and semi-liquid materials to essentially prevent unwanted runoff from the waste materials, such as urine and feces. For example, the lower leaf member may desirably hold a hydrospray of at least about 45 (essentially) no-squeeze (cm) senses. The upper leaf member 30 may alternatively hold a hydrospray of at least about 55 cm and optionally may Hold a hydrospray of at least about 60 centimeters, or more, to provide enhanced benefits.

The size of the lower sheet 30 is typically determined by the absorbent body size 32 and the particular diaper design selected. The lower sheet 30, for example, may have a generally T-shape, a generally I-shape or a modified hourglass shape, and may extend beyond the end edges of the absorbent body 32 p a selected distance, such as a The distance within a range of about 1.3 centimeters to 2.5 centimeters (about 0.5 to one inch) to provide at least part of the end and side margins.

The upper sheet 28 has a surface facing the body, which is docile, with a soft and irritating feel to the wearer's skin. In addition, the topsheet 2 may be less hydrophilic than the absorbent body 32 and sufficiently porous to be permeable to the liquid, allowing the liquid to easily penetrate through its thickness to reach the absorbent body. A suitable top sheet layer 28 can be made from a wide selection of fabric materials, such as porous foams, cross-linked foams, perforated plastic film, natural fibers (e.g. wood or cotton fibers), synthetic fibers (e.g. polyester or polypropylene), or a combination of natural or synthetic fibers. The upper sheet sape 28 is typically employed to help isolate the user's skin from liquids held in the absorbent body 32.

Various woven and non-woven fabrics may be used for the topsheet 28. For example, the topsheet may be composed of a fabric bonded with spinning or blowing or melting of the desired fibers, and may also be a bonded-carded tel. The various fabrics can be composed of natural fibers, synthetic fibers or combinations thereof For the purposes of the present disclosure, the term "non-woven fabric" means a fabric of fibrous material the sual is formed without the aid of a cloth or d fabric weave process. The term "cloth" is used to refer to all woven, woven and non-woven fibrous tissues.

The top sheet fabrics may be filled with an essentially hydrophobic material, and the hydrophobic material may optionally be treated with a surfactant processed in another manner to impart a desired level of wettability and hydrophilicity. In a particular aspect of the invention, the topsheet 28 is a polypropylene fabric bonded by woven fiber yarn about 2.8-3.2 deniers formed in a fabric having a basis weight of about 20 grams per square meter and a density of about of 0.06 g / cs. The fabric can be treated the surface is an operative amount of surfactant, such as about 0.28 percent surfactant Triton X-102. Surfactant can be applied by any environmental measures, such as spraying, printing, brushing, or similar.

The top sheet 28 and the bottom sheet 30 are conested or otherwise handled together in a operable manner. As used herein, the term "asosiado" encompasses configurations in which the topsheet 28 is attached directly to the bottom sheet 30 by fixing the upper ho 28 directly to the lower sheet 30 and configuration wherein the topsheet 28 is attached indirectly to the lower ho 30, by fixing the upper sheet 28 to the intermediate members, which in turn are fixed to the lower sheet 30. The upper sheet 28 and the lower sheet 30 may, for example, be joined together another in at least a portion of the periphery of the diaper by fastening mechanisms (shown) such as adhesive bonds, sonic joints, thermal bonding, sewing or any other fastening techniques known in the art, as well as combinations thereof. For example, a continuous and uniform adhesive web, an adhesive layer are patterned, a pattern of sprayed adhesive or a line of spaced apart lines, swirls or spreading joints can be used to secure the top sheet 28 to the bottom sheet 30. It will be expedited It is evident that the abovementioned subject mesanismos can also be used to interconsider, assemble and / or fix together several other component parts of the articles, which are described herein.

The absorbent body 32 provides an absorbent structure, which may include a retaining portion 48, t as the absorbent pad shown composed of selected hydrophilic fibr and high absorbency particles to retain and store the absorbed liquids and other waste materials. The absorbent body is solosado located in the form of a sandwich between the upper sheet 28 and lower sheet 30 to form the diaper 10. The body absorbs has a construction, which is generally conformable compressible, non-irritating to the wearer's skin and capable of absorbing and retaining exudates from the body. It should be understood that, for the purposes of this invention, the absorbent body structure may comprise an integral piece of material or alternatively, may comprise a plurality of separate pieces of individual material, which are operably assembled together.

Various types of wettable hydrophilic fiber material can be used to form the absorbent body component parts 32. Examples of suitable fibers include naturally occurring organic fibers composed of an intrinsically wettable material, such as cellulosic fibrils; synthetic fibers composed of cellulose or selulosa derivatives, such as rayon fibers; the inorganic fibers fibred from an inherently wetting material such as glass fibers; the synthetic fibers made of inherently wettable thermoplastic polymers, such as the particular polyamide or polyester fibers; synthetic fibers composed of a wettable thermoplastic polymer, such as polypropylene fibers, which have been hydrophilized by appropriate means. The fibers may be hydrophilized, for example, by treating with silica a treatment with a material, which has a suitable hydrophilic mite and is not easily removable from the fiber by sheathing the hydrophilic non-wettable fiber with a hydrophilic polymer during or after of fiber formation. For the purposes of the present invention, it is contemplated that seals of the various types of fibers mentioned above may also be employed.

As used herein, the term "hydrophilic describes fibers or surfaces of the fibers, which are wetted by aqueous liquids in contact with the fibers." The degree of wetting of the materials can, in turn, be described in terms of the angles of contaste and of the superfisie tensions of the liquids and of the material involved The equipment and the suitable techniques to measure wettability of the particular fiber materials or of the mixtures of the fiber materials can be provided by force analyzer system Superfisie Cahn SFA-222 or substantially equivalent system When measured with a system, fibers having contaste angles of less than 9 are designated "wettable", while fibers with a sontacto angle greater than 90 ° are designated as "humidifying".

The absorber body 32 can comprise a matrix of hydrophilic fibers, such as a cellulose fabric, mixed with particles of absorbency material. In particular arrangements, the body absorbs 32 may comprise a mixture of superabsorbent hydrogel forming particles and synthetic polymer melt blown fibers, or a mixture of superabsorbent particles with a fibrous coform material comprising a mixture of natural fibers and / or synthetic polymer fibers. The superabsorbent particles can be mixed in an essentially homogeneous form with the hydrophilic fibers, or can be mixed non-uniformly. For example, the concentrations of superabsorbent particles can be arranged in a non-saline gradient through an essential part of the thickness (direction -z) of the absorbent structure, with the lower consents to the absorber side of the absorber and the relatively high concentrations. superior to the outer side of the absorbent structure. Suitable gradient-z settings are described in U.S. Patent 4,699,823 issued October 13, 1987 to Kellenberger et al., The complete description of which is incorporated herein by reference in a form that is consist (not in conflisto) are the present dessripsidn. Alternatively, the absorbance of absorbing particles can be arranged in a gradient in the non-saline direction through an essensal part of the thickness (tension -z) of the absorbent structure, with higher concentrations towards the body side of the absorbent body and relatively lower concentrations toward the absorber body. outer side of the absorbent structure The superabsorbent particles can also be arranged in a generally discrete layer within the hydrophilic fiber matrix. In addition, two or more different types of superabsorbent d may be selectively placed in different locations within and along the fiber matrix.

The high-absorbency material may comprise absorbent gelatin materials, such as superabsorbents. Absorbent gelatin materials can be polymers and natural, synthetic and modified natural materials. In addition, the absorbent gelaion materials may be inorganic materials, such as silica gels, organic compounds such as crosslinked polymers. The term "crosslinked" refers to any means to efficiently efferve to materials normally soluble in water, which are insensitively insoluble or water-swellable. Such means may include, for example, physical entanglement, the domains, the covalent atoms, the complexes and ionic associations, the hydrophilic associations, such as the binding of hydrogen and the hydrophobic associations or Van der Waals forces.

Examples of the polymers of synthetic gelation absorbent material include the salts of ammonium and alsaline metal of poly (rough acid) and poly (metasidic acid) poly (asylamide), poly (vinyl ethers), maleic anhydride sopolymers with vinyl ethers and alpha-olefins, poly (viny pyrroidone), poly (vinyl morpholinone), poly (vinyl alcohol) mixtures and sopolymers thereof. Adisolded polymers for use in the absorbent body include natural and modified natural polymers, such as hydrolyzed acrylonitrile grafted starch, starch-like grafted starch, methyl selulosa, chitosan, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl selulosa, and gums natural, such as alginates, xanthan gum, locust bean gum and the like. Mixtures of natural absorbent polymers and total para-synthetics can also be useful in preserving research. Other suitable absorbent gelatin materials are disclosed by Assarsson et al. In US Patent No. 4,091,236 issued August 26, 1975. Prosesos for preparing synthetic gelatin absorbent polymers are described in the United States patent. of North America No. 4,076,663 granted on February of 1978 to Masuda and others and on the patent of the United States of North America No. 4,286,082 granted on August 25, 1981 to Tsubakimoto et al.

Absorbent gelatin materials are typically xerogels when moistened. The term "hydrogel", however, has been commonly used to also refer to both wet and unmoistened forms of the material.

As previously mentioned, the absorbency material used in the absorbent body 32 is generally in the form of discrete particles. The particles can be any desired shape, for example, spiral or semi-spiral, sudden, rod-like, polyhedral, ets. The forms having a propriority of larger dimension / small dimension m, such as needles, leaflets and fibers are also contemplated for use here. The conglomerates of the particles of the absorbent gelation material can also be used in the absorbent body 32. They are desired to be used for particles having an average size from about 1 micron to about 1 millimeter. The "particle size" co used here means the heavy average of the small dimension m of the individual particles.

The hydrophilic fibers and the particles of the absorbency can be configured to form an average composite weight which is within the range of about 400-900 grams per square meter. In certain aspects of the invention, the average composite basis weight is within the range of about 500-800 grams per square meter, alternatively it is within the range of about 550-7 grams per square meter to provide the desired function.

In order to improve the soundness of the absorbency material, the absorbent body structure 32 can include an envelope, such as the wrapping sheet 7 which is immediately placed on one side and around the absorbent body 32 and can be attached to the body. Absorbent strings and several other components of the article. The wrapping sheet is preferably a layer of an absorbent material which covers the main body side and the outer side surfaces of the absorbent body., preferably essentially all the peripheral edges of the body absorb to form a substantially somatic envelope around it. Alternatively, the wrapping sheet can provide an absorbent wrap which covers the main body side and the outer side surfaces of the absorbent core and ensensically surrounds only the side edges of the absorbent body. Therefore, both the linear and inwardly curved sides of the lateral side edges of the wrapping sheet can be closed around the absorbent body. In such an arrangement, however, the end edges of the wrapping sheet may not be completely closed around the end edges of the absorbent body in the waistband regions of the article.

For example, the complete wrapping sheet 74, at least the flange-side sapa of the wrapping sheet can comprise a blown fabric are melt-blown composite melt such as meltblown polypropylene fibers. Another example of the absorbent wrapper 74 may comprise a low porosity cellulose fabric, such as a tissue composed of a blend of approximately 50/50 d hardwood / softwood fibers.

The absorbent wrapper 74 may comprise a multi-element wrapping sheet, which includes a separate wrapping-side wrapping sabre and a separate outer-side wrapping layer, each of which extends beyond all or some of the peripheral edges of the absorbent body 32. Such wrapping sheet configuration can, for example, facilitate the formation of an essentially sealing and sealing around the peripheral edges of the absorbent body 32. In the rear waistband portion of the illustrated diaper, the The absorbent wrap can also be configured to extend and by an increased distance outward from the periphery of the body absorb to add capacity and resistance to the posterior sections of the diaper. In the illustrated embodiment, the side-to-body and outer-side layers of the absorbent wrapper 74 may extend at least about one-half flea beyond the peripheral edges of the absorbent body to provide a flange-type attachment area. which protrudes outwardly on which the periphery of the side-by-side portion of the absorbent casing may be completely or partially connected to the periphery of the outer part of the absorbent casing.

The side-to-body and side-to-side layers of the wrapping sheet 74 may be composed of essentially the same material, or different materials may be formed. For example, the outer side layer of the wrapping sheet may be composed of a relatively lower base weight material having a relatively high poroside, such as a cellulosic tissue compound of moisture resistance, soft wood pulp. The layer layer to the body of the wrapping sheet may comprise one of the wrapping sheet materials previously described, the one having a relatively low porosity. The low porosity side-to-body layer can better prevent migration of the superabsorbent particles onto the wearer's skin, and the low-poroside base-to-outer side cap can help reduce costs.

The diaper 10 can also include an emergence management layer 46 which helps decelerate and diffuse liquid surges that can be introduced into the absorbent body of the article. In the illustrated embodiment for example, the emergence layer 46 may be located on a side-to-body surface facing inwardly of the top sheet layer 28. Alternatively, the emergence layer 46 may be located on one side of the surface of the surface. side to the outside of the top sheet 28. Thus, the emergence layer will then be interposed between the top sheet 2 and the absorbent body 32. Examples of suitable emergence management webs 46 are described in the patent application of the invention. United States of America, series No. 206.98 by C. Ellis and D. Bishop, entitled "Layer of Emergence of a Nonwoven Fibrous Tel for Absorbent Articles for the Personal and Similar City", filed on March 4, 1994 (asunt de abogado No. 11,256) which is issued as United States of America Patent No. 5,486,166; and the application d * '! US Patent of North America, Series No. 206.06 by C. Ellis and R. Everett, entitled "Fibrous Non-Woven Fabric Improved Emergence Handling for Absorbent Articles for Personal Care and the like, filed March 4, 199 ( attorney's issue No. 11,387), which was granted as United States of America Patent No. 5,490,846, whose complete descriptions of the sunales are hereby incorporated by reference in a manner that is consistent therewith.

The moisture indicator provided by the present invention includes at least one designated indication section of said lower sheet member 30 which includes a lower sheet material, having at least one layer of polymer sheet 96. The indicator section of the The lower leaf member also includes a plurality of translucent windows 98, the suals being arranged in an area pattern, formed by a heat treatment selected from the sheet polymer sheet. A selected selected layer of contrast material 44 is desirably joined to the article in an operative location, which is interposed between an intended user of the article and the indicator section of the lower leaf member. The contrast layer may have a first appearance through the translucent windows when said material is dry, and has a different visual appearance through the translucent windows when the contrast material is wetted with the water.

The polymer sheet web 96 may, for example, be provided by a layer of composite polymer sheet which may include a laminated sheet 92 between the two skin layers 90. The core layer may be composed of about 40% by weight. DOW NG3310, about 5.3% of DOWLEX 4012 around 50% ECC FILMLINK 2029, and about 2000 ppm of B900. DOW NG 3310 (has a density of about 0.91 g / cs) is a linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) obtained from Dow Chemical USA of Midland, Michigan. The DOWLEX 401 material (having a density of about 0.916 g / cc) is low density polyethylene (LDPE) from Dow Chemical USA of Midland, Michigan. The material FILMLINK 2029 is a calcium carbonate filler coated with behenic acid, obtained d English China Clay. The CIBA B900 is an antioxidant package for providing thermal stability to polymers during extrusion. The B900 material is a 1: 4 ratio of IRGANO 1076 (a phenolic anti-oxidant) and IRGAFOS 168 (a stabilized phosphite) and is produced by Ciba Specialty Products. Skin layers 90 may be composed of about 45.1% of MONTELL KS357, of about 50.4% of EXXON 768.36, d of about 4% SUPERFLOSS, and of about 5000 ppm of B900 MONTELL KS357 material is a flow rate of melt 30 of polymeric orange blossom sopolymer CATALLOY of ethylene propylene; and the EXXON 768.36 material is a vinyl acetate-ethylene sopolymer, which contains about 28 percent vinyl acetate. The SUPERFLOSS material is a diatomacea tier produced by Celtite Corporation, a World Minerals subsidiary of Lompoc, California. The composite polymer sheet 96 may be initially supplied at a weight ba within the range of about 85-98 g / m2, and then operatively stretched about 4.7X to make it breathable porous. The resulting polymer sheet layer 96 can then have a basis weight, which is not less than about 12 g / m2 and optionally is not less than about 26 g / m2. In other aspects, the stretched sheet layer it may have a base weight, which is not more than around 53 g / m2, optionally it is not more than around 32 g / m2 to provide the desired benefits.

With reference to Figures 4 and 7, a further aspect of the invention may include a moisture indicator system wherein at least the indicator section designated d the lower sheet 30 includes a laminate having at least one fibrous nonwoven fabric. 94, which is attached to the polymer sheet cap 96. The non-woven fabric 94 may, for example, be a spunbonded nonwoven, such as a spin-linked polypropylene non-woven fabric. Additionally, the fabric can have a basis weight, which is less than a minimum of about 6.8 g / m2. Alternatively, the basis weight is not less than 10.2 g / m2 and optionally, it is not less than about 13. g / m2. In other aspects, the fabric can have a basis weight of n more than a maximum of about 55 / g2. Alternatively, the base weight may not be more than about 51 g / m2, optionally, it may not be more than about 41 g / m2. In other aspects, the basis weight can be no more than around 27.2 g / m2.

Examples of suitable nonwoven fibrous fabrics may include fabrics composed of polypropylene polyester, nylon, polyethylene, as well as combinations thereof. The fibers can have a bicomponent or other multiple component configuration, and the fabrics can be spunbonded fabrics, bonded and bonded fabrics or meltblown fabrics as well as combinations thereof.

With reference to FIGS. 5 and 6, particular aspects of the invention may have the polymer sheet layer 96 configured as a sheet having a soldered sheet 92 sandwich-like between a pair of layers of skin 90. to provide an ABA type of film sontruscid. Desirably, the sheet sheet is sufficiently permeable to the gas to be breathable. The aforementioned tisanes materials for the extrusion of an appropriate polymer sheet sheet 96 are described in the United States patent application, series No. 08 / 882,712 of A.

McCorck and others, entitled "Caliber Films Under Non-Woven Laminates / Film" and presented on June 25 d 1997 (lawyer case No. 11.436.2), whose description is hereby incorporated by referensia in a manner that is consistent with it. Other materials, which may be suitable, are described in PCT application WO 95/16562 of A. McCormack, filed on June 22, 1995 and entitled "N-Fabric Compound / Breathable Fabric Type Film"; whose full description is incorporated herein by reference in a manner that is consistent with it.

In another aspect of the invention, the sheet layer 96 may include a linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), which is desirably present in at least the core sheet 92. At least one and desirably both of the layers of The skin 94 has a composition which is readily compatible with both the non-woven fabric 94 and the core layer 92. In particular, the skin layers are configured to be easily attached to the non-woven fabric 94 with the binding of binding techniques. using heat and / or pressure. Such techniques may, for example, include thermal bonding, sonic bonding and the like, as well as combinations thereof. Thus, the sonication can achieve a sufficiently strong melt bond between the polymer sheet layer prominently of opacified-stretched linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) and are breathing sap 96 and nonwoven fabric sap 94. The resulting lower sheet 30 can therefore achieve a suffi- cient level of durability and abrasion resistance desired for an outer cover component.

In a further aspect of the invention, the selected polymer sheet ac 96, particularly the saponated sheet of the linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) film of ABA, is stretched in a particulate manner after it is extruded, formed and cooled. Stretching after extrusion can produce microscopic orifices between the primary polymer material and the calcium carbonate particles contained and distributed within the polymer material, thereby providing a layered function for breathing in the lower sash member 30. In addition, the stretch can produce stretch-opasity (for example "bleached-stretched") of sheet layer 96. This stretch can render the film opaque or white due to various mechanisms. For example, stretch the film, the primary polymer material ja out the salsium sarbonate particles, thereby producing micropores that refract and scatter the incident light. Additionally, the stretch process stresses the polymer matter beyond its point of performance, imparting an orientation to the primary polymer material. The resulting pitch or blasture is sufficient to block the observer's view of the moisture present within the article.

The coarse pattern engraving or subsequent melting operation can employ a heat consentration pressure in sufficient quantities, which operatively melts the nonwoven fabric 94 with the polymer sheet sheet 96. The statement affixes the fabric to the polymer sheet with sufficient strength to provide durability to the lower blade member. Within the sheet layer 96, the film layer 90 by virtue of its polymer composition has a melting point, which is intermediate to that of the polypropylene fibers and the core layer 92. This makes the layer the skin acts as a "meltable intermediate" between the cloth fabric 94 and the core layer 92. In those areas e where the opaque sheet layer 96 melts and refluxes, the sheet cap can again gain a rough orientation Amorphous can regain a desired level of transcendence. Therefore, the coarse pattern engraving operation can be fixed in essentially simultaneous fashion together with the fabric 94 and the polymer sheet 96 while at the same time making the resulting composite translucent within the area of the molten joints.

In a representative configuration, the lower sheet member 30 may, for example, include a fibrous nonwoven fabric 94 composed of spunbonded polypropylene fibers, and have a fabric basis weight within the range of 14-1 g / m2. The nonwoven fibrous fabric 94 includes about 2% d titanium dioxide pigment, and is consolidated with a wire knit stitch pattern. The fiber size is about 2 denier per filament (dpf), but may include fiber sizes within the range of about 1 - 2.5 deni per filament.

In the representative example of the lower sheet member material, the cooperable polymer sheet layer 96 may include a core layer 92 composed of about 40% DOW NG3310, about 5.3% DOWLEX 4012, about 50% ECC FILMLINK 2029, and around 2000 ppm of B900. D NG 3310 (having a density of about 0.918 g / cc) is linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) obtained from D Chemical USA of Midland, Michigan. The material DOWLEX 40 (having a density of around 0.916 g / cc) is low density polyethylene (LDPE) from Dow Chemical USA Midland, Michigan. The FILMLINK 2029 material is a calcium carbonate filler with beheniso acid, obtained from English Chi Clay. The Ciba B900 is an antioxidant package to provide thermal stability to polymers during extrusion. The B900 material is a 1: 4 propulsion of IRGANOX 1076 (or antioxidant phenoliso) and IRGAFOX 168 (a phosphite stabilizer), and is manufactured by Ciba Spesialty Products. Laminate each side of the core layer 92 are the skin layers 90, which are composed of about 45.1% of MONTELL KS357 around 50.4% of EXXON 768.36, about 4% of SUPERFLOSS, and about 5000 ppm of B900 . The material MONTEL KS357 is a random copolymer of flow rate of 30, ethylene-propylene CATALLOY polymer; and the Exxon 768.3 material is a vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer, which contains about 28% vinyl acetate. The SUPERFLOSS material is a diatomaceous earth produced by Celite Corporation, which is a subsidiary of World Minerals of Lompoc, California. The composite sheet 96 may initially be supplied at a bas weight within the range of about 57-65 g / m2 operatively po about 4.7X to make it breathable. The resultant polymer sheet sheet 96 may have a basis weight, which is not less than about 8 g / m2 and optionally is not less than about 17 g / m2. In other aspects, the stretched sheet layer may have a basis weight, which is not more than about 3 g / m2, and optionally it is not more than about 21 g / m2 to provide the desired benefits.

The LLDPE sheet layer 96 can lend itself to produce the coarse translucent pattern prints for various reasons. For example, this polymer requires only 50 loading of salsium carbonate (as opposed to 60% for the polypropylene polymer) to provide the same target WVTR performance. In addition, the LLDPE polymer has a more amorphous, bulky orientation, in somparation to polypropylene. Lower loaded salsium sarbonate and more amorphous structure can help to make the LLDPE sheet layer 96 less compliant for breaking. The charge of lower calcium carbonate in the LLDPE helps to make it more translucent and the LLDPE sheet layer can run at a lower basis weight. Also, the LLDPE has a lower melting point. As a result of this, less energy is required in the individual thick pattern engravings to achieve a sufficient film and a non-woven melt to produce the desired levels of translucency in the designated window areas 98. Thus, the LLDPE layer 96 You can achieve better levels of aesthetics, translucence durability and manufacturing speed.

In the various configurations of the invention, the non-woven fabric 94 and the polymer sheet layer 96 can be thermally bonded together to form the bonding arrangement of the coarse pattern etchings, which are sandwiched between the polymer sheet layer 96. and the non-woven fabric 94. The amount of bonded area provided by the shared pattern, the basis weight and the inherent strength of the woven fabric 94, the relatively low tensile strength of the non-woven fabric and the inherent strength and the stretching properties of the polymer sheet sheet 96 (particularly the sheet sheet having LLDPE) can provide all desired operability to the present invention.

Additionally, the selected configurations of the non-woven fabric 94 in the material in the nipple 92d of the polymer sheet 96 (such as the core layer configuration containing the LLDPE material) can advantageously cooperate to generate the coarse engraving sites. translucent in at least the indestructible session designated lower sheet member 30. The resulting laminate may serve as the moisture impermeable outer sub-air with breathable capacity for a disposable absorbent product such as diaper. The inner surface of the outer cover laminate which is typically provided by the ac surface inward of the sheet layer 96, can be operatively operated by the binding of the bonding materials, such as swirling sprays or other patterns of adhesive build-up. hot melt to provide the fasteners that attach the absorbent body 32 to the surface inward of the lower blade member 30, and which attach the topsheet 28 to the lower blade member at the perimeter around the absorbent body 32 The engraving of the coarse pattern, and the melting operation with pressure / heat can advantageously provide a combination of different functions. The co-coarse melting operation holds and binds together the non-woven fabric 94 and the polymer sheet cap 96 to assemble and laminate the lower sheet member 30. The coarse pattern engravings also provide the overall decorative pattern and a desirable three-dimensionality to the outer facing surface of the outer cover sheet of the lower sheet member which connotes a durable costume type fabric having visual and tactile qualities. In addition, the melting operation can produce a pattern corresponding essentially to translucent window areas 98, which can operably transmit the sambium in terms of (for example, change in color) of the associated contrast layer material 44 (e.g. the pigmented tissue layer) when the contrast layer 44 is wetted.

Another aspect of the invention may include a composite lower sheet member 30, which is formed by adhesively laminating the nonwoven fabric 94 to the polymer sheet cap 96. A sub-sequential thermal processing operation may then be employed, the sual applies Salor and presidio to form the thick pattern etchings and an arrangement are patterned of window areas 98 in the unsuspicious session of the lower leaf member.

In additional aspects of the invention, the resultant lower sheet member is sufficiently permeable to gas to be considered to be breathable. The desired configurations, the lower leaf member can provide a value of WVTR, the sual is not less than a minimum of about 500 grams per meter added per 24 hours. The WVTR value may not be less than about 1000 grams per square meter per 24 hours, and optionally may not be less than about 1500 grams per square meter per 24 hours to provide improved humidity and performance control. In additional configurations, the lower sheet member 30 may have a WVTR of hast about 5000 grams per square meter for 24 hours or more to provide additional benefits. The WVTR value of a material can be determined in accordance with an ASTM E96 80 standard.

Other aspects of the lower sheet member 3 may also have an interlamellar peel strength, which is at least about 22.5 grams-force per inch in width and optionally at least about 45 grams-force per inch. inch. In other aspects, the lower sheet member may have a peel strength, the sual e of up to about 75 grams-force per inch, optionally it is up to the maximum strength it can hold by the component layers of the lower sheet member during a peeling operation. For example, the desired peel strength can be provided between the outer nonwoven fabric 9 and the polymer sheet 96 of the lower sheet member 30.

To determine the interlaminar peel strength, a laminate is tested with respect to the amount of tension force that will pull and separate the laminate layers. The values for peel strength are obtained using a specific cloth width, a jaw width grip and a constant extension rate. For samples having a film side, the film side of the specimen is covered with protective tape, or some other suitable material, in order to prevent the film from tearing apart during the test. The protective tape is only on one side of the laminate and does not contribute to the peel strength of the sample. This test uses clamps, each clamp has two jaws, with each blade having a face in contrast to the sample, to hold the material in the same plane, usually vertically, separated by two inches to begin with. The sample size is inches (10.2 centimeters) of ansho for as much length as is necessary to delaminate a sufficient amount of the length of the sample. The jaw face size is 2.5 centimeters in height by 10.2 centimeters in width, at least the extension constant is 300 mm / minute. The sample is delaminated by hand by a sufficient amount to allow it to grip in position. During the test, the clamps move apart at the specified extension rate to pull and separate the laminate. The sample specimen is pulled apart at an angle of 180 ° between the two layers and the reported peel strength is an average of three tests, each of which sums data in relation to the load floor in grams. The measurement of the desired peel strength data begins when a 16 millimeter stretch of specimen laminate is pulled and separated and delaminated, measurement continues until a total of 170 millimeters of the specimen length is delaminated. A suitable device to determine the peel strength test is a proven t SINTECH 2 available from Sintech Corporation, a unit with offices at 1001 Sheldom Drive. Carv. North Carolina 27513 an INSTRON TM model, available from Instron Corporation, Inc. having offices at 2500 Washington Street, Canton, MA, 02021; or the INTELLECT II Thwing-Albert model, available from the Thwing Albert Instrument Company, a negosium having offices at 10960 Dutton Road, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19154. The test can be carried out in the transverse direction (CD) 24, of the selected specimen or in the longitudinal direction 26 of the selected specimen of the article.

In additional aspects, the lower sheet member may exhibit a peak tension value along the longitudinal direction 26, which is at least about 20%, and optionally is at least about 30% . In other aspects, the lower leaf member may exhibit a peak tension value along the longitudinal direction 26, which is up to about 40%. Alternatively, the floor tension value may be up to about 60%, and optionally it may be up to about 100% or more, to provide an improved performance. The peak voltage value can be determined according to the standard procedure ASTM D1117-80 and ASTM D5035-90.

Additional aspects of the lower sheet member can provide a Taber abrasion value, which is at least about 150 Cylons, and optionally up to about 200 Cylons or more, to provide improved performance. The Taber abrasion value can be determined according to the standard procedure FTM-191A method 5306. The abrasion measurements are made using standard Taber (model 503) with rubber wheels / S-3 and a counterweight of 125 grams. (total load of 125 grams).

In the designated indicator section of the lower sheet member 30, pattern bonding and etching of the lower sheet member can be configured to also produce a plurality of translucent windows 98, which are arranged in an area pattern and are desirably formed by the selected thermal bonding of the fibrous nonwoven fabric 9 to the polymer sheet layer 96 within the lower leaf laminate. The non-woven fabric 94 and the polymer sheet web 9 are selectively configured to intertwine with the application of heat or with the application of salor and pressure to operatively form the operative translucent window areas.

Referring to Figure 7, the co-ordinate array of the window areas 98 may be configured in a star-C pattern of a plurality of window lines arranged in the form of stars of different size, and a plurality of lines. of window arranged as strips that extend laterally.

Each translucent window 98 has an essentially contiguous translucent area of at least a minimum of about 0.4 square millimeters. The contiguous area of the translucent window is alternately at least about 0.6 square millimeters, and optionally is at least about 1 millimeter square to provide the desired benefits. In other aspects, the area of sad window can be up to about 38 square millimeters and optionally, it can be up to about 130 square millimeters to provide improved performance.

In additional aspects, each translucent window has a window height of relatively smaller dimension 52, which is at least a minimum of about 0.254 millimeters. The window height is alternately at least about 0.51 millimeters, and optionally at least about 1.27 millimeters to provide improved performance. In addition, the translucent window area may have a window length 54 of relatively larger dimension, the sual is at least about 1.59 millimeters, and desirably may be at least about 3.2 millimeters. Alternatively, the window length may be at least about 25.4 millimeters, and optionally may be about 76.2 millimeters, or more, to provide the additional improved benefits.

In the illustrated configuration, each translucent window is desirably formed by a thermal bonding of the polymer layer 96 to the non-woven layer 94 within the swollen structure of the lower sheet member 30. The thermally bonded, or other operational heat treatment, provides Sufficient salor and / or pressure energy to melt and re-flow the materials of the lower sheet member, particularly the non-woven fabric 94 and the polymer sheet layer 96, so as to have the attached fabric become sufficiently translucent within the areas of the unions. thermal The joining of the polymer sheet 96 to the non-woven fabric web 94 within the laminated laminate material of the indicator section of the lower sheet member 30 can provide a total thermal bonding area, which is at least about 30%. 11% of the total area of the lower leaf member 30. The total joint area can alternatively be at least about 14%, and optionally is at least about 18% of the general area of the lower leaf member . In other aspects, the thermal bond area may be around 25%, and alternatively it may be up to about 45%, or more to provide the desired benefits.

In further aspects of the invention, the joining of the polymer layer 96 to the nonwoven fabric web 94 within the lower web member 30 within the indicator section of the lower web member provides a total translucent window area, the is at least 11% of the general area of the designated indicator section of the lower leaf member. The total translucent window area and alternatively of at least about 14% optionally, is at least about 18% of the general area of the designated unscrambling section of the lower leaf member. In other aspects, the translucent window area can be up to about 25%, and alternatively it can be up to about 45% or more to provide the desired benefits. In desired aspects, such a percentage of area of the window areas 98 is provided over at least about 6.4 square centimeters of the designated indicator section of the lower sheet member 30. Alternatively, such percentage of area of the window areas is provided. about at least about 12.8 square centimeters, and optionally it is provided over at least about 25.6 superstrums of the designated indicator section. In other aspects, the translucent window area 98 is located in an unsuspicious session, the sual is superimposed with the absorbent body structure 32 of the article. Desirably, the translucent window area will encompass an indicator section area, which is superimposed with 80% of the front of the absorbent structure. More desirably, the translucent window areas 98 are in an indicator section area which is superimposed on the front of the absorbent structure.

The contrast layer employed selectively 4 can be provided by an additional layer provided separately from material assembled in the article, and can be provided by a number of suitable materials. For example, the strut layer may be provided by a layer of tissue, a nonwoven fabric layer, a film material, a web material, a canvas material, or the like, as well as combinations thereof. In addition, the contrast layer can be treated to be modified in another way to produce the desired contrast between the first appearance by suing the contrast layer and the second appearance while the contrast layer is wet.

Alternatively, the contrast layer 44 can be provided integrally by a component that is already present in the article. For example, the layer of contrast layer material can be provided integrally by the material used to form the absorbent wrapper 74, or the material used to form the absorbent body 32.

In partiscular aspects of the invention, the contrast layer 44 has a relatively lighter appearance when dry, and a relatively darker appearance when moistened with water. Optionally, the contrast layer 44 may have a relatively darker appearance when dry, and a relatively lighter appearance when wetted with water, as desired.

In the partisan configurations, the contrast layer 44 may have a first color when the contrast layer is dry, and a second visually different color when the contrast layer is wetted is water. For example, the sheet 44 can be provided by a layer of a colored tissue, which has a first color when dry and a visually darker color when the tissue is moistened with water.

At least a portion of the strut sheet 44 is optically aligned with the translucent window areas 98. As a result, in the translucent window areas 98, which are placed essentially on one side over a moistened section of the film layer. Contrast 44 will have a visually different appearance, in comparison to the appearance observed through the translucent windows 98, which are colossal over the unmoistened sessions of the contrast layer 44.

The stringer layer 44 may be placed in any operative position which is interposed between a proposed user of the article and the indicator section d of lower sheet member 30. For example, the contrast layer may be located on one side of the absorbent body 32. In particular, the contrast layer may be placed between the absorbent body 32 and the lower foil member 3. Alternatively, the contrast layer 44 may be placed between the absorbent body 32 and the upper foil layer 28. The contrast foil layer 44 may cooperate advantageously with the indicator section of the lower sheet 30 to provide a first appearance when dry, and a second visual appearance differently when moistened with water.

When the selected configuration of the product of the invention is in its dry condition, the desired lower sheet member material 30 does not exhibit a sufficient colouration contrast between the translucent window areas 98 and the relatively non-translucent portions of the lower foil member 30. This may be particularly evident in the indicator section of the lower leaf member. When the product is in a wet condition, the indicator session of the lower sheet member material 30 may exhibit a visually distinct color tone contrast between the translucent windows 9 and the relatively less translucent portions of the lower leaf member 30, which they are immediately adjacent to the translucent window areas. The areas of operation of the induction section may have a distinctive first appearance by adding the correspondingly designated article parts in the translucent windows are dry, and may have a second visually different and distinct appearance when the adjacent adjacent parts of the article in the translucent window. They are moistened with water. For example, the operational light or the relative light transmission ratio and / or the reflective properties of the translucent window areas may desirably be the sampled surface designated to provide the humidity indicator of the invention.

A product that incorporates the desired indicator section can, for example, be evaluated with the following three tests: Hunter (L * a * b *); Tristimulus (X, Y, Z); and Chromaticity (x) combined with whiteness index (Wl).

The product samples are tested in both wet and dry states, and moist produsto samples are prepared by adding an operating saltwater sanctity that is representative of human urine.

In several aspects of the invention, the visual discrepancy, the sual can be observed between the first appearance of the dry indicator section of the lower leaf member 30 and the second appearance of the wet indicator session of the lower leaf member can be defined by a proportion value. d wet-dry contrast, as determined with the Hunter color d coordinates (L * a * b *), the sual is at least a minimum d 1.2. Alternatively, the value of the strass propulsion can be at least 1.5 and opsionally it can be at least about 2 to provide an improved funsionamient. Desirably, the strass propulsive value can be at least about 2.5, and can be at least about 3, or more, to provide the additional benefits and distinctiveness. For example, the Hunter contrast ratio value may be up to about 10. The value of the sonorous propulsion may alternatively be up to about 20, and optionally may be up to about 30 or more, as desired.

The visual difference between the first appearance of the indiscriminate sesssion of the lower leaf member 30 and the second appearance of the wet unsuspended sessión of the lower leaf member can also be defined by a value of wet-sound, as determined with the color coordinates Tristimulus (X, Y, Z), which is at least a minimum of 1.1. Alternatively, the contrast propration value may be at least about 1.2 and optionally may be at least about 2 to provide improved strength. Desirably, the strut performance may be at least 2.5, and may be at least about 3 or more, to provide improved benefits and improved workability. For example, the tristimulus strut propsion value may be up to about 10. The contrast props value may alternatively be up to about 20 and may optionally be up to about 30 or more as desired.

The visual difference between the first appearance of the dry indicator session of the lower leaf member 30 and the second appearance of the wet indicator section of the lower leaf member can further be defined by a wet-dry contrast ratio value, as determined with chromaticity (x) combined with whiteness index (Wl), which is at least a minimum of about 1.1. Alternatively, the contrast ratio value may be at least about 1.2, and optionally may be at least about 2 to provide improved performance. Desirably, the sonorous propionization may be at least about 2.5, and may be at least about 3 to provide additional benefits and distinctiveness. For example, the proprionion value of the srromatis test can be up to about 10. The strass propulsive value can alternatively be around 20, and optionally it can be about 30 more as desired.

The aforementioned tisnisics for determining the sonorous propsion value can be provided by the stable provings below in the "Appearance Appearance" session of the present description.

In the desired configurations, at least part of the indenting section of the lower blade member is placed in the intermediate crotch section 16 d of the article. In the desired arrangements, the indicator section may have an indicator length, which extends longitudinally from the crotch section of the diaper to a line, which is not less than about 3 centimeter from the longitudinally terminal edge of the preti portion. 14. Further, the length of the indicator section may extend longitudinally from the diaper crotch section to a line, which is located at not less than about 3 centimeters from the longitudinally terminated edge of the posterior waistband part 12. Additional features of the invention may include an indicator section, which extends to a line, which is collimated at not less than about 10 inches from the edge longitudinally of either or both of the posterior front waistband portions. Optionally, the unshakable section may extend over the entire area of the lower leaf member 30.

The desired configurations may have the ac of the contrast material 44 interposed between the indicator secsi of the lower sheet member 30 and the retaining portion 48. Optional arrangements may have the material layer of contrast material interposed between the sheet sheet 28 and the portion of retention 48.

The elastic leg members are located at the lateral side margins 20 of the diaper 10, and are arranged to pull and retain the diaper 10 against the user's legs. The elastic members are secured diaper 10 in a resilient elastic condition, so that in a configuration under normal tension, the elastic members are effusively shrunk on the diaper 10. The elastid members can be secured in an elastically contractible condition at least. Two forms, for example, the elastic members can be restrained and secured while the diaper 10 is in an uncontracted condition. Alternatively, the diaper 10 may be contracted, for example, by folding and the elastic members securing and engaging the diaper 10 while the elastomer members are in their stretched or relaxed projection. Still other mechanisms, such as matter * • Stretchable elastic by salor, can be used to fold the garment.

In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 1, the elastic leg members 34 extend essentially the full length of the intermediate crotch region 16 of the diaper 10. Alternatively, the elastic members 34 may extend to the full length of the cloth 10. , or any other suitable length that provides the arrangement of elastically contractible lines desired for the diaper design in partis.

The elastic members 34 may have any of a multitude of configurations. For example, the length of the individual elastomeric members 34 can be varied from about 0.25 millimeters to about 25 millimeters or more. The elastid members may comprise a single thread of the elastomer material, or may comprise several parallel non-parallel strands of elastic material, or may be applied in a rectilinear or survilinear arrangement. Where the threads are not parallel, two or more of the threads can be intercepted or otherwise interconnected with the elastic member. The elastic members can be fixed to the diaper in any of several ways, the suals are sonosed in the art. For example, the elastomer members can be ultrasonically bonded, sealed by heat and pressure using a variety of bonding patterns, or adhesively attached to the diaper 10 with spray or swirl patterns of hot melt adhesive.

In the particular embodiments of the invention the elastic leg members 34 may include a carrier to which a grouped set of elastics composed of a plurality of individual elastic threads are fastened. The elastic threads can be intercepted or interconnected or separated completely from each other. The carrier sheet may, for example, comprise a polymer film 0.0 cm in thickness, such as a film of non-etched polypropylene material. The elastic yarns can, for example, be composed of a lyser elastomer available DuPont, a negosium having ofisins in Wilmington, Delawar Each elastic yarn is typically within the range of 470-150 decitex (dtx) and can be about 940- 1050 desitex. The particular embodiments of the invention, for example, three or four threads, can be used for each elasticized band.

In addition, the leg elastics 34 can be generally straight or optionally curved. For example, curved elastics can be arched inward to the longitudinal sentral line of the diaper. In particular arrangements, the elasticity of the elastics may not be configured symmetrically in recession to the diaper central line of the diaper. Secondary elastices may have an arched inside and an arched hasia outside, a reflex-like survature, and the center longitudinally of the elastics may optionally be off-center by a selected distance to any, the front or rear diaper of the diaper to provide the desired notch and appearance In the particular embodiments of the invention, the innermost point (vertex) of the set of curved elastics may be offset to the front or rear diaper waistband, and the reflected part arched outwardly may be placed therein. Front waistband diaper.

As shown representatively, the diaper 1 may include a waist elastic 42 positioned on the longitudinal margins of either or both of the front waistband 1 and the waistband 12. The waist elastics may be composed of any suitable elastomeric material such as an elastomer film, an elastic foam, multiple elastic yarn, an elastomeric fabric or the like. For example, suitable elastic waist constructions are described in U.S. Patent No. 4,016,005 issued to Lippert et al., Their entire disintegration of which is herein incorporated by referensia in a manner which is the same as the same. .

With reference to the representative configurations shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the article may include a system of regions of "ears" or of ore members 38. In particular arrangements, each ear member or region extends laterally at the lateral ends. and opposing at least one waistband portion of the bottom sheet 30, t as the rear waistband portion shown representatively 12, to provide the end-side sessions of the article. further, each ear region may essentially extend from a terminal waist edge extending laterally 76 to approximately the location of its associated corresponding leg opening section of the diaper 10 For example, it has a pair of opposite side leg openings , provided by the curved margins of the ear regions in combination with the adjacent middle sections correspondingly of the shown pair of longitudinally extending side bord regions 20 (Fig. 1).

In the various configurations of the invention, the ear regions can be formed integrally with a selected diaper component. For example, the ear regions 3 can be integrally formed from the material layer, the one providing the lower sheet layer 30, or they can be integrally formed of the material used to provide the upper sheet 28. In the alternate embodiments, the regions of ear 38 may be provided by one or more separately provided members that are connected and assembled to the lower sheet 30, the upper sheet 28, and between the upper ho and the lower sheet, or in several fixed combinations of such sets.

In particular embodiments of the invention, one of the ear regions 38 may be formed from a foot of separately provided material, which is then assembled and suitably joined to the front and / or back waist portion selected from the diaper article. For example, each ear region 38 can be attached to the back side portion of the bottom sheet 30 along a ear region fastening region, and any or both of the bottom sheet and top sheet components of the article can be operably held. The region of inner junction region each ear region can overlap and laminate with its corresponding lateral end edge region of the waistband section of the article. The ear regions extend laterally to form a pair of opposite flap-belt sections of the diaper, and are fastened with the appropriate connecting means, such as the adhesive bond, the thermal joint, the ultrasonic joint, clips, staples, stitching or similar. Desirably the ear regions extend laterally beyond the terminal side edges of the lower sheet layer and the upper sheet web in the corresponding unitary waistband session of the article.

The ear regions 38 may be comprised of a material not elastomeric material, such as polymer films, woven fabrics, similar non-woven fabrics, as well as the symbiones thereof. In particular aspects of the invention, the ear regions 38 may be composed of an essentially elastomeric material, such as a stretched-bonded-laminated (SBL) material, a laminated-bonded-stressed (NBL) material, an elastomeric film, material of elastomeric foam, or the like, the stretchable sual elastomerisably at least along lateral direction 24. For example, blown elastomeric fibrous fabrics are melt-formed to form the ear regions 38 are disclosed in the United States patent. North America No. 4,663,220 granted on May 5, 1987 to T. Wisneski et al., Whose full description is insorporated here by referensia. Examples of the composite fabrics comprising at least one layer of a woven fabric secured to the fibrous elastic layer are described in the European patent application EP 0 217 032 A2 published on April 8, 1987, the inventors have listed J. Taylo et al., whose full description, of which is incorporated herein by reference. Examples of the NBL materials are disclosed in US Patent No. 5,226,992, issued on July 13, 1993 to Mormon, whose summary description of the material is hereby incorporated by referensia. As mentioned previously, several examples may be used. sonstrussiones adesuadas to join the regions of orej 38 selesionadas waistband parts of the article. Particular examples of constructions suitable for securing a pair of elastically stretchable members to the side side portions of an article to extend laterally outwardly beyond the laterally opposite edge regions of the outer shell and the shell components of a can be found in United States Patent No. 4,938,753 issued July 3, 1990, to P. VanGompel et al., their full description of which is hereby incorporated by referensia in a manner that is consistent with the same.

Each of the ear regions 38 extends laterally at one of the opposite lateral ends of at least one waistband section of the diaper 10. In the shown insorporation, for example, a first pair of ear regions extends laterally at the ends thereof. opposite lateral ends of the posterior waistband session of the lower sheet 30, and a second pair of ear regions extends laterally at the opposite lateral ends of the front waistband session of the lower sheet. The ear regions illustrated have a tapered, arched or otherwise contoured shape in the sual the length of the base region is smaller than the length of its relatively outer end region. Alternatively, the ear regions may have an essentially rectangular shape or an essentially trapezoidal shape.

The diaper 10 may also include a pair of elasticized stretch anchors 62, which extend generally in the longitudinal direction along the longitudinal direction 26 of the diaper. The containment fins are typically laterally welded laterally to the leg elastices 34, and are positioned symmetrically on each side of the longitudinal sentral line in the longitudinal direction of the diaper. In the illustrated arrangements each fin or containment barrier 62 has a substantially fixed boron portion 64 and an essentially movable edge portion 66, and is operably elastified with at least one elastomeric member 68 to assist each containment fin to contact closely and to conform are the user's body sounds. Examples of the stripped-swept construction constructions are described in U.S. Patent No. 4,704,116 issued on November 3, 1987 to K. Enloe, whose complete description of l sual is hereby incorporated by reference herein. a way that is consistent and the same. The fins can be composed of a wettable or non-wettable material, as desired. In addition, the foam fin material can be essentially impermeable to liquid, it can be permeable to the gas alone or it can be permeable to both the gas and the liquid. Other suitable containment flap configurations are described in the patent application of the United States of North America Series No. 206,816 of R. Everett et al., Filed on March 4, 1994 and entitled "Absorbing Article Having Improved Emergence Management" ( issue of bogado No. 11,375), the suaresponde to the United States patent of North America No. 5,562,650, his dessripsidn of the sual is insorporated here by referensia in a way that is consistent are the same.

In alternate and optional configurations of the invention, the diaper 10 may include internal elasticized cuffs or fences, such as those described in United States Patent No. 4,753.64 issued on June 28, 1988 to K Enloe and in the patent application of the United States of America, series No. 560.52 of D. Laux et al., Entitled "Absorbent Article with Enhanced Elastic Marble and Containment System" and filed on December 1, 1995 (subject of attorney 11091) whose full descriptions of which are incorporated herein by reference in a manner that is consistent therewith. Similar to the construssion of the containment fins, the containment waist fins may be composed of a wettable or non-wettable material, as desired. The shank fin material can be sensuously impermeable to the liquid, permeable to only the gas, or permeable to both the gas and the liquid.

To provide a desired fastening system, the diaper 10 can include one or more designated solder member regions, such as a first primary positioning member 50 (eg, Figure 2), which can provide an operable target area. to receive resubstantial and releasable securing of the fastener appendages 36 thereon. In the partiscular incorporations of the invention, the placement member patch can be placed on the front waistband portion 14 of the diaper and is located on the outer surface of the bottom sheet layer 30. Alternatively, the patch member patch can be placed on a designated interior surface of the fabric. diaper, t as the superfisie side to the body of the top sheet layer 28. The fastening mechanism between the colossal member and the fastening appendages 36 may be adhesive, mechanical cohesive or combinations thereof. In the context of the present invention, a mechanical fastening system is a sural system including somative co-operators, the sural interenganshan mesanisamente to provide a desired assurance.

A suture configuration employing a releasable interengaging mechanical fastening system may, for example, display a first member of the meshan fastener on solosion member 50 and a second cooperating fastener member on the fastener attachment 36. For example, they are a hook fastener. and curl, the ganc material can be operably and fixed to the fastening appendages 36 and the curl material can be operably fixed to the positioning member 50. Alternatively, curl material can be operably connected to fastener appendages 36 and the Hook material can be operably connected to the positioning member 50.

In various embodiments of the invention, a separately provided tape fastener appendage 36 can be located on either or both of the side end regions 86 and 88 of either or both of the waistbands 14 12. The modality shown representatively, for example has one of the fastener appendages 36 located at one of the distal side edges of the rear waistband 12 More particularly, each of the fasteners 36 is assembled and fastened to extend from a region of immediately adjacent and corresponding ear in one of the opposite lateral ends of the posterior waistband section 12.

In the various configurations of the invention, the first and / or second subjection element may include an adhesive, a cohesive or complementary element of an intergranular or similar meshane system, as well as combinations thereof. The mechanical fastening components can be provided by fasteners of the mesánis type such as ganshos, buckles, boterolas, buttons and the like, they include somponentes of interlocking mechanics complementaries and cooperators. For example, the mechanical fastening system can be a gansho and curl type fastening system. Such a suction system generally consists of "gansho" or a masho type of gansho type, and a female compose of "curl" or of cooperative curl type which engages interconestably with the ganch component Desirably, the interconnection is releasable and resujetab selesively Conventional systems are available, for example, from the VELCRO brand. The hook element can be provided by a single or multiple sonar configuration such as is provided by a type of mushroom head of a hook element. The hook element can be provided by a woven fabric, a nonwoven fabric, a woven fabric, a perforated or perforated layer and the like, as well as combinasione of the same. The many arrangements and variations of such fastener systems can be collectively referred to as hook and loop fasteners.

In the desired arrangements of the invention, the first fastening component 52 and / or the second fastening component 100 may include a type of hook of a mechanical fastening element. Therefore, the first member of the corresponding positioning member 52 and / or the second component member of placement 102 can include a complementary ridge element.

It should be readily grasped that, in the various configurations of the invention, the relative and / or material positions of the subjection component and its associated solitary member may be transposed. For example, in a gansho and curl subjection system, The first and / or the second suspension component may optionally be surrounded by a curl element and first and / or the second member of the solosion member may be provided by a member of the hook type.

Examples of suitable hook and loop fastening systems are described in United States Patent No. 5,019,073 issued May 28, 1991 to T. Roessler et al., Whose comprehensive description of sua is incorporated Here by reference in a way that is synonymous with the same. Other examples of the gansho and curl fastening systems are dessritos in the patent application of the United States of North America Series No. 366,080 intitulad HIGH-FELT APPENDIX BRAZIER, presented on December 28, 1994 by G. Zehner and others ( attorney's case No. 11,571), which was issued as United States of America Patent No. 5,605,735; and the patent application of the United States of North America No. 421,640, entitled SUBJECTING SYSTEM OF MULTIUNIONS, filed on April 13, 1995 by P. VanGompel et al .; whose somnolent descriptions are insorbed here by referensia in a way that is consistent is same. Examples of fastening appendages constructed with a carrier layer are described in the United States of America patent application Serial no. 08 / 603,477 by Long et al., Entitled MECHANICAL CLAMPING SYSTEM C GRIP APPENDIX, and filed on March 6, 1996 (attorney's case No. 12,563), which corresponds to the filing of a patent of the United States of America Series No. 5,624.42 issued April 29, 1997. whose full description incorporates it by reference in a manner which is consistent. In a typical configuration of a hook-and-loop fastening system, the hook material member is operably connected to the holding tab 36 and the loop material is employed to construct at least one operator colossal member 50. Alternatively, for example, it may be adequately supported on the surface of the exposed exterior of the lower sheet 30. As previously mentioned, an alternate configuration of the suspension system and curl may have the curl member secured to the bra attachment. and the hook member may be employed to form the colossid member 50.

In the various aspects and configurations of invention, the material of the hook element may be of the aforementioned type as misrogancho material. A micro-hook material is distributed under the designation CS200 and is available from 3M Company, a business having offices in S Paul, Minnesota. The micro-hook material can have a hook in the shape of "mushroom caps" and can be configured with a hook density of about 1600 hooks per square flea. A gansho sual height is within the range of about 0.033-0.097 sm (about 0.013 to 0.0 inches); and a cover ansho sual is within the range of about 0.025-0.33 sm (about 0.01 to 0.013 inches). The ganshos are attached to a ba rock substrate having a thickness of about 0.0076-0.01 cm and a rigid Gurley of around 15 mgf.

Another material of microganshos adesuado is distributed under the designation VELCRO CFM-29 1058, and is available from VELCRO USA, Inc., a business having offices in Manchester, New Hampshire. The material of microganshos can have ganshos in the form of angled gansho elements that can be configured are a density of around 264 hooks per centimeter (about 1700 gansh per superada inch); a height of ganshos the sual is dent of the range of about 0.030-0.063 sm (about 0.012 0.025 inches); and an ansho of ganshos sual is within the range of about 0.007 to 0.022 cm (about 0.003 0.009 inches). The hook elements are coextruded with a base layer substrate having a thickness of around 0.0076-0.008 sm (about 0.003-0.0035 inches) and the hook material member has a Gurley stiffness of about mgf (about 12 units) Gurley).

For the purposes of the present invention, various stiffness values as determined are the moment of bending produced by a force which is directly perpendicular to the plane defined by length and the thickness of the component being tested. A suitable technique to determine the stiffness values described here is a Gurley stiffness test, a description of which is established in the TAPPI standard test T 543 om-94 (Resistance to Paper Folding (Gurley type tester)). A suitable test apparatus is a Gurley digital stiffness tester; mode 4171-D manufactured by Teledyne Gurley, a business had offices in Troy, New York. For the purposes of the present derision, the Gurley stiffness values delayed are intended to correspond to the values that will be generated by a "standard" size sample. Therefore Gurley stiffness tester scale readings are appropriately converted to the stiffness of a standard size sample, and reported tradisionally in terms of milligrams of force (mgf). Similarly, a standard "Gurley unit" is equal to a value of stiffness of a milligram of force, and can be equivalently made to report Gurley stiffness.

In the various aspects of inventive configurations, the terry material may be provided by a non-woven, woven or woven fabric. For example, can a suitable terry cloth fabric be woven from a two-bar warp knitted fabric of the type available from Guilfor Mills, Inc., of Greensborough, North Carolina under the designation of Somersio? 34285, as well as other woven fabrics. Suitable curl materials are also available from 3 Company, which has distributed a nylon woven terry under the SCOTCHMATE brand. The 3M Company has also distributed an unlined terry fabric with adhesive on the underside of the fabric and the 3M woven terry ribbon.

In partiscular aspects of the invention, the curl material does not need to be limited to a member patch or discrete placement. Instead of this, the curl material can for example be provided by an externally sound fibrous layer the sual is integrated to extend over essentially the entire exposed surface area d an outer sub-surface of the type of cloth employed is the diaper 10 The lower sheet The resultant diaper type 30 can therefore provide the curl material for a subtraction system "from any side" operative.

In the various embodiments of the invention, the engagement force between the particular fastening component and the designated colossal member must be sufficiently large and durable to provide adequate securing of the article to the user during use. In the desired sonfigurations, the force of enganshe can provide a peel strength value of not less than about 75 grams-force (gmf). Alternatively, the peeling force is not less than 100 gmf, and optionally it is not less than about 400 gm. In particular aspects, the peeling force is no more around 1,200 gmf. Alternatively, the peeling strength of no more than about 800 gmf and optionally no more than about 600 gmf. The contaste force may additionally provide a shear force value of not less than about 1,000 gmf. Alternatively, the cutting force is less than about 2,000 gmf and optionally no less than about 3,000 gmf. In other aspects, the strength of no more than about 10,000 gmf. Alternatively, cutting force is not more than about 9,000 gmf optionally it is not more than about 8,000 gmf.

The peel strength can be determined according to standard procedure ASTM D5170, approved September 15, 1991 and published in November 1991. The cut force value can be determined in accordance with standard procedure ASTM D-5169 approved on Sept. 15, 1991 and published in November of 1991.

Each of the components and fastening elements in the various constructions of the invention can be operably fastened to its support substrate by employing any or more of the fastening mechanisms employed to construct and retain together the various other objects of the invention art. . The elements held in the various holding regions can be integrally formed such as by similar molding, co-extrusion together with the associated substrate sap. The substrate layer and its associated mechanical fasteners can be formed of essentially the same polymer material, and there can be no discrete step of clamping the fasteners to an initially separate substrate layer. For example, the individual hook elements can integrally form simultaneously with a ganch base layer by co-extruding the base layer and the hook elements of essentially the same polymer material.

It should be readily appreciated that the strength of the fastener or other interconnection between the substrate layer and the attached fastening component must be greater than the force pi required to remove the releasable fastening tab 36 from the positioning member designated by the article.

Test - Appearance The produst incorporating the desired unsignal section (for example, the lower sheet member 30 are a sap of a contrast material 44, such as a colored tissue) can be evaluated with the following tests: Hunter (L * a * b *); Tristimulus (X, Y, Z); and Chromaticity (x) combined with whiteness index (Wl) The product samples are tested in both wet and dry states. For the various wet samples 16 millimeters of salt water solution obtained from Ricca Chemica Company, Arlington, Texas as sodium chloride, 0.9% by weight d an aqueous solution of Isotonica salt water, were added to the area being measured. The salt water solution was gently poured over the sample in one place, using a standard 250 milliliter weighted beaker for wetting allowing the liquid to permeate the diaper absorbent material. The full diaper was taken and measured from the area where the salt water was introduced by solosing the entire outer diaper cover against the outlet groove of the sphere integrating the spectrophotometer. The measurements are taken after approximately 2-5 minutes, after the addition of salt water. The masking slit was placed on the outer cover of the diaper to define the sampling area, whether it is joined or not.

Spectrum Acquisition: The transmission measurements were made using a Varian Cary 5G REF-UV-Vis-NI spectrophotometer obtained from Varian Analytical Instruments, a business had offices at 505 Julie Rivers Road, Sugar Land, TX 77478, USA. The instrument was configured with an integrating sphere of 15 millimeters of internal diameter covered with SPECTRALON, or standard material of diffuse reflectance. The SPECTRALO material is available from Labsphere, a business having offices in Shaker Street, North Sutton, NH, 03260, USA. The instrument spectrophotometer has a wavelength range of 175-330 nm (nanometers) are a nitrogen purge, and a photosromic rang of 7.0 A (absorbance units). The instrument is certified to meet or exceed all of the following specifications: Dispersed light: less than 0.00008% T at 220 nm less than 0.00008% T at 370 nm and less than 0.00045% T at 1420 n using the ASTM methodology. The wavelength accuracy e of ± 0.1 nm (plus or minus 0.1 nm) is a reprodussión of less than 0.025 nm using the peak separation method; and exhibits less 0.008 nm of standard deviation of 10 measurements within the range of 300-700 nm. The photometric accuracy for the system using the 930D NIST filters is ± 0.003 A at 1.0 A and ± 0.002 0.5 A. The photometric noise is less than 0.00005 A RMS and 0.0 A and is less than 0.00015 A RMS at 1.0 A. The plane of the base line d is ± 0.001 A for the region of full measurement.

Medication sondisions for volume transmission measurements included a range of 400 to 70 nm; Slit bandwidth (SBW) of 2.0 nm; Exame rate of 300 nm / min; 1.0 nm data interval; Energy (gain to 1.0, settling of response time to 0.2, corressión d baseline using a standard SPECTRALON material, are a measurement geometry of integral spher volume transmission. They made by protecting the perforation of sanal d sample in the sphere sample inlet port by sorrigating the antesederant without the presensia of a sample, masking the measurements by aligning the area d the sample's measurements are a masking slit having aperture dimensions inner 1.5 mm x 25 mm (ansho height).

The reflestance measurements were made with the instrument and the sample slit colossions identical to those of the transmission measurements, except that the sample and the slit support were placed in the sphere sample exit port having an internal diameter of mm. The reference measurements were made with the SPECTRALON reflectance material materi in a place behind the sample support slit. The sample was moved by removing the referensia standard and placing the measurement site attached or not attached directly on the sample support groove. The details of such measurement techniques can be found in the work "Applied Spectroscopy: A Compact Reference for Prastics" by J. Workman and Springsteen (Editors), Academic Press, Boston, 1998; as well as in other specialized texts on the subjects of color measurement and reflestania.

Saules for the solor Hunt solders (L'aV), the color coordinates Tristimulus (X, Y, Z), l coordinate color Cromaticity (x, y, z) and the blancu index (Wl) were made using the range of instruments of different instruments vary. The special graphical representations (eg, figures la-3b) and the calsules of two or m differens of spasial of three-dimensional apariensia (D) generated using the program MatLab v4.5 are the manipulation of line data of somando. The MatLab program can be obtained from MathWorks, Inc., a business having offices at 24 Prime Pa Way, Natisk, MA 01760-1500, USA. The geometric differences (the distansias) in spain of solor, were salsulated using standard vestor geometry where the distance (D) in two-dimensional space was given by D = ^ (x2 - xj + y2 - Y?) 2 f (Ecuasión 1) where the distance (D) in the three-dimensional spacing is d D =. { (x2 - x,) 2 + (y2 - y. ^.} * * (Esuasión 2) Antecedents: The sample of standard solor uses graphs. solor Hunter L * a * b * as a * against b * and white against black (L *) as separate graphic representations. For the chromaticity illustration, the x schemas in and are used as an illustration of a sonsional sun spasm. The graphs Tristimulus X, Y, and Z are not typically used. These standard solor exhibits do not show the sensitivity to show the apparent appearance of the visible naked eye for the wet diaper samples. A somponente slave in the dramatic appearance components assembled for the diaper samples involves, not only the color change, but also the obscuration of the sample when it is wetted. This is due to an increased absorbency of the broad regions of the electromagnetic spectrum visible to the wet samples. The tr test procedures for solor and apariens measurements were sensitive enough to demonstrate the visual differences, respect for the wet sontra stencil samples.

Test Descriptions: The tests allowed to quantify the diferences of apariensia. Each of the following test procedures can be used to verify appearance changes. (1) Sunor solors Hunter L * a * b * are a two-degree angle of view (observer) and an illuminant C CIÉ-light of average d, 6774 K (method ASTM D2244, 1987). For this test, the differences in spacing of Solor Hunter to * in the three-dimensional L * sontra, were sampled (using equation 2) for the wet and dry, joined and unattached areas, then exactly measuring the thickness of the one of the unattached areas joined from 400 nm to 700 nm Special measurements were acquired using the method below the session of acquisition of thickener The acquisition session of thickener The insight of the dimension L * for these calculations demonstrates more Clearly not only the differences in apparent color change but also the efests of blansura and blackness over apariensia This single fastner affected the calculations of differences L * a * b * by an order of magnitude greater than red-green (eg *) or the yellow-blue efestos (for example b *). Tab 1 summarizes the results of the differens sondusid sálsulos for the particulars 1 to 8, the suals are dessrit in detail. (2) The so-called color Tristimulus (X, Y, Z) with a viewing angle of 2o (observer) and illuminant CIÉ C - light of average d, 6774 K (method ASTM E308, 1987). For this test the spasial differences of solor X, Y, Z three-dimensional calculated (using equation 2) for wet areas and seams joined and not joined, after the aspesto measure exastamente each one of the joined and unattached areas of 400 nm at 700 nm. L spectral measurements were acquired using the method described below in the spectrum acquisition section. Calculating the geometric differences between the data points with the three-dimensional soordinates representing: more red and more az (for example X); between more green and more blue (for example Y) between more blue and less blue (for example Z) gave necessary sensitivity to clearly distinguish the appearance of the diaper. Table 2 summarizes the results of the calculated difference calculations for the particular examples 1 to 8, which are described in detail below. (3) The coordinates of color Cromatisidad (x, y, z) with angle of vision of 2"(observer) and illuminant C CIÉ - average daylight, 6774 K (method ASTM E308, 1987) publication C # 15.2, 1986; ASTM method D2244, 1987), combined with Wl (p example whiteness index, as described in the method AS E313 using the source C CIÉ and the standard observer of 2o.Pa this combination of tests were calculated differences in appearance space Wl versus two-dimensional x (using Equation 1) for the bound and unbound, wet, and dry areas after exactly measuring the spectrum of each of the bound and unattached areas from 400 nm to 700 nm The spectral measurements were acquired using the method described below in the secsió acquisition of espestro.El Sálsulo of the geometrical differences between more red and more blue (for example, x); and entered more slaro and more obssuro (for example Wl) gave the sensitivity test to clearly distinguish the appearance of the diaper. Table 3 summarizes the results of the differenced karls conducted for the particular examples 1 to 8, which are described below. in detail.

Note: CIÉ indicates the Internasionale de l'Eslairage Commission, or the standard methods of the Internal Color Commission. The angle of the observer for the measurements (for example, 2nd and 10th) and illuminant C are defined in the publication of CIÉ No. 15.2 d The following examples have been presented to provide a more detailed understanding of the invention. The examples are representative and are not intended to limit the purpose of research.

Examples Example l: The pledged material of example 1 included a sub-layer of a blue-colored forming tissue, and an outer covering of the fabric type with an ability to breathe above. The material was obtained from a diaper for children.

The blue forming tissue was a moisture-resistant, low porosity wicking wadding with a basis weight of 2 g / m2, and a 50% hard wood and 50% soft wood supply. The objectives of Solor Hunter of the tissue, minimum and maximum were as follows: Blue forming tissue Goal Min Max Rd: 55 52 58 a: -7 -10 -4 b: -2 -23 -17 The outer covering material was mentioned as LLDPE-BSTL, and included a stretched thermal laminate are sapasida for breathing done with a linear low density polyethylene film. More particularly, the air-permeable outer cover material included a woven non-woven polypropylene fabric of two dpf (denier per fiber) of 17 g / m2, the sual was laminated, and thermally bonded throughout a pattern of bonding areas to a multi-layer melted polyethylene film of 17 gsm stretched-thinned and with a breathable layer. The film was a sap film A-B-A where sap A was EVA (Alsohol of Ethyl Vinyl) and layer B was a core layer composed of 50% CaC03 and 50% d linear low density polyethylene. The non-woven fabric formed the outermost surface of the sample.

The sample IA was composed of a united region of the composite material provided by Example 1. The sample tested represented an unbound area of approximately 1.5 mm in width by 25 mm in length, in this condition after wetting it is salt water from the material of Example 1, and was measured in reflestania as observed from the side of the non-woven fabric of the sample, in the previously described manner.

The sample IB was composed of a united area of a material shown dessrito in example 1. The sample tested represented a joint area of approximately 1. millimeters of ansho by 25 millimeters long, in its sondisió after wetting are salt water of the material of example 1, and it was measured in reflestansia somo was previously dessribi.

Sample 1C was made up of a non-unid area of the material glued from example 1. The test sample represented an unattached area of approximately 1.5 millimeters of ansho per 25 millimeters long of the material of example 1, before wetting with salt water and reflectance was measured as previously described.

The sample ID was composed of a unid area of the composite material of example 1. The test sample represented a bonded area of approximately 1.5 millimeters wide by 25 millimeters long of the dry material of example 1, before wetting with salt water and measured reflectance as previously described.

Example 2: The material of example 2 compound included a sub-sap of a solder-forming tissue and an outer sub-material is superposed breathing. The composite material was obtained from the disposable diaper for the child.

The white forming tissue was a creped wadding, d resistance to moisture, low porosity, of 20 g / m2 of basic weight made from a supply of 50% hardwood / 50% soft mader. The outer cover was filled with the outer sub-surface material stripped in Example 1. The non-woven fabric formed the outermost surface of the sample.

Sample 2A was filled with a bound n-region of the composite material provided by Example 2. The test sample represented an unbonded area of approximately 1.5 millimeters wide by 25 millimeters long, in condi tion after salt water wetting of the material of Example 2, and was measured in reflestansia somo was observed on the side of the non-woven fabric of the sample, in the previously dessrite manner.

Sample 2B was made up of a unitary area of the material shown in Example 2. The sample tested represented a bound area of approximately 1. millimeters of ansho per 25 millimeters long, in its condition after wetting it is salt water from the material of the Example 2, and was measured in reflectance, as previously described.

Sample 2C was composed of an unbound area of the composite material of example 2. The sample tested represented an unbound area of approximately 1.5 millimeters of ansho per 25 millimeters long of the material of example 2, before wetting with salt water and reflectansia was measured as previously described.

The 2D sample was composed of a uni area of the composite material of Example 2. The sample sample represented a bound area of approximately 1.5 millimeters wide by 25 millimeters long of the dry material of the example before wetting with salt water and reflectansia somo was measured It was previously described.

Example 3: The composite material of Example 3 included the underlying layer of a white-colored forming tissue material, combined, a breathable, superimposed outer cover material. The material was obtained from a disposable ULTRATRIM cloth for children manufactured by Kimberly-Cla Corporation.

The single-layer wet-forming fabric layer was 20 grams per meter of base weight, with a low resistance to humidity, low porosity, and a supply of 50% hardwood / 50% softwood. The outer sub-surface material without breathing sap was a low-cost cloth type composed of a non-woven cloth joined by polypropylene yarn of 2 dpf (denier per fiber) of a base weight of 17 g / m2, which laminated and bonded thermally along a pattern of discrete joined areas to a stretched-thin non-respirable film having a basis weight of film of about 10 g / m2. The film was a film A-B-C, where layer A was polypropylene, layer B was polypropylene with a layer of Ti02, and layer C was a polypropylene layer with a catalloy. The non-woven fabric formed the outermost surface of the sample.

Sample 3A was composed of a united n region of the composite material provided by Example 3. The L sample tested represented an unbound area of approximately 1.5 millimeters of ansho per 25 millimeters long in its condition after wetting with salt water from the material of the Example 3, and was measured in reflectance, as observed from the non-woven fabric side of the sample, in the manner previously described.

The sample 3B was composed of a bonded area of the composite material described in example 3. The sample tested represented a bonded area of approximately 1.5 millimeters in width by 25 millimeters in length, in its condison after wetting it is salt water from the material of the Example 3 and was measured in reflestansia somo was previously dessribió.

Sample 3C was filled with a non-uni area of the composite material of example 3. The sample test represented a non-bound area of approximately 1.5 millimeters wide by 25 millimeters long of the material of example 3, before wetting with salt water , reflectansia somo was measured previously dessribid.

The 3D sample was made up of a uni area of the material sown in Example 3. The test sample represented a bound area of approximately 1.5 mm ansho per 25 millimeters long of the material seso of Example 3 before wetting with salt water, reflectance was measured This was previously dismantled.

Example 4: The composite material of Example 4 included a sub-sap of a softer forming tissue material, and an outer covering material with superposed breathing layer. The material was obtained from a ULTRATRIM deeshabl diaper for a child manufactured by Kimberly-Clark Corporation.

The Solor Blanso-forming tissue sampler was filled with a low-porosity moisture-resistant wadding of 20 g / m.sup.2 of the base weight of a supply of 50% hardwood / 50% soft wood. The outer subtest for breathing was mentioned as a BSTL-PP, and hesho respirable stretched stretch laminate are a polypropylene film. More particularly, the breathable outer subier material included a non-woven fabric bonded by polypropylene yarn of 2 dpf (denier per fiber) d 17 g / m2 basis weight, which was thermally laminated and bonded throughout a pattern of discrete bonding areas to a polypropylene based multi-layer cast film of a 17 g / m2 basis weight, stretched and thinned and capable of breathing. The film was a film on sapas A-B-A where l sapa A was EVA (Ethyl Vinyl Alcohol), layer B was a nucleated cap of 50% Ca C03 and 50% PP. The woven fabric formed the outermost surface of the sample.

Sample 4A was filled with a bound n region of the composite material provided by Example 4. The tested sample represented an unbound area of approximately d 1.5 millimeters wide by 25 millimeters long, in condition after wetting with salt water of the material of Example 4, and was measured in reflestansia, as seen from the side of the non-woven fabric of the sample, in the previously dessrita maner.

Sample 4B was filled with a unitary area of the material shown in Example 4. The sample tested represented a united area of approximately 1. millimeters wide by 25 millimeters long, in its condition after wetting it is salt water from the material d example 4, and it was measured in reflectance as previously described.

The sample 4C was composed of a non-uni area of the composite material of example 4. The sample test represented an unbonded area of approximately 1.5 millimeters of ansho per 25 millimeters long of the material of example 4, before wetting with salt water and reflectance was measured as previously described.

The sample 4D was composed of a unid area of the composite material of example 4. The test sample represented a bonded area of approximately 1.5 millimeters wide by 25 millimeters long of the solid material of example 4 before wetting with salt water and measured reflectansia somo was previously dissorted.

Example 5: The poured material of Example 5 insluid a pink solor-forming tissue sap, and an outer sub-d type of cloth are sapasity for breathing. The material was obtained from a disposable diaper for a girl.

The pink forming tissue was a crepe guide, moisture resistant, low porosity, base weight of 20 g / m2 hesha of a 50% hardwood / 50% softwood supply. The maximum minimum Hunter solor objectives were as follows: The outer cover material was a BSTL LLDPE, a non-woven fabric, and a film, the laminate material of example 1. The non-woven fabric formed the outermost surface of the sample.

Sample 5A was composed of a region if union of the composite material provided by Example 5. L sample tested represented an unbound area of approximately 1.5 millimeters of ansho by 25 millimeters long, in s sonsion long, after wetting are water Sampling of the material of Example 5, was measured in reflestania, as viewed from the side of the nonwoven fabric of the sample in a previously stripped manner.

Sample 5B was filled with a non-unid area of the material shown in Example 5.

The sample tested represented an unbound area approximately 1.5 millimeters of ansho per 25 millimeters long, in its condition after wetting it is room water of the material of example 5, and it was measured in reflestance as previously described.

Sample 5C was composed of a non-uni area of the composite material of example 5. The sample sample represents a non-bound area of approximately 1.5 millimeters of ansho per 25 millimeters of the material of example 5, before wetting it is salt water and reflestania was measured as previously described.

The sample 5D was composed of a uni area of the composite material of example 5. The sample test represented a bound area of approximately 1.5 millimeters wide by 25 millimeters long of the dry material of the example before the wetting is salt water and reflestania was measured as It was previously described.

Example 6: The composite material of Example 6 included a solid solder-forming tissue layer and an outer cover material with a capacity to breathe. The composite material was obtained from a disposable diaper for a girl.

The blanso forming tissue was a low-porosity moisture retention wadding of 20 g / m2 of base, a 50% hardwood / 50% soft mader supply. The outer sub-surface was a BSTL-LLDPE material that was filled with the outer subgrade material outlined in Example 1. The non-woven fabric formed the outermost surface of the sample.

Sample 6A was filled with a bound n region of the material given by Example 6. The sample tested represented an unbonded area of approximately d 1.5 millimeters wide by 25 millimeters long, in condition after wetting with salt water of the Example 6, and was measured in reflectance, as seen from the non-woven fabric side of the sample, in the previously described manner.

Sample 6B was composed of a unid area of the material shown in Example 6. The tested sample represented a joined area of approximately 1. millimeters wide by 25 millimeters long, in its condition after wetting with saltwater from the material of example 6, and it was measured in reflectance, as it was previously dessibed.

Sample 6C was composed of a non-uni area of the composite material of example 6. The sample tested represented an unbound area of approximately 1.5 millimeters of ansho per 25 millimeters long of the dry material of example 6, before wetting with salt water and reflectance was measured as previously described.

The sample 6D was composed of a uni area of the composite material of example 6. The sample test represented a bound area of approximately 1.5 millimeters wide by 25 millimeters long of the dry material of example 6 before wetting with salt water and was measured reflectance as previously described.

Example 7: The composite material of Example 7 included a layer of a white forming tissue material and a non-breathing outer shell material. The material was obtained from a ULTRATRIM disposable diaper for girls manufactured by Kimberly-Clark Corporation.

The layer of white colored forming tissue, composed of a creped wadding, is resistant to moisture d low porosity of 20 g / m2 base weight hesha of a 50% hardwood / 50% soft wood supply. The outer cover material without breathing layer was the low cost cloth-type laminate of Example 3. The non-woven fabric formed the outermost surface of the sample.

Sample 7A was composed of a bound region of the composite material provided by Example 7. sample tested represented an unbonded area of approximately 1.5 millimeters wide by 25 millimeters long in conformance after wetting with salt water from the material of Example 7, and it was measured in reflectance, as observed on the non-woven fabric side of the sample, in the previously described manner.

Sample 7B was composed of a uni area of the composite material described in Example 7. The sample tested represented a bonded area of approximately 1 millimeter in width by 25 millimeters in length, in its condisi after wetting it is salt water, the material d example 7, and was measured in reflestansia as previously dessrib.

Example 7C was composed of a non-uni area of the material glued from example 7. The sample test represented an unbonded area of approximately 1.5 millimeters of ansho per 25 millimeters long of the material of example 7, before wetting with salt water and reflectance was measured as previously described.

The sample 7D was composed of a uni area of the composite material of example 7. The sample test represented a bound area of approximately "1.5 mm ansho per 25 mm long of the dry material of the example before wetting it is salt water and reflectance was measured as previously described.

Example 8: The composite material of example 4 included a layer of a white forming tissue material and a breathable outer covering material. The material was obtained from a ULTRATRIM disposable girl cloth manufactured by Kimberly-Clar Corporation. The white color forming layer was composed of a crepe wad of moisture resistance d low porosity of 20 g / m2, with a weight of 50% hardwood / 50% soft wood. The outer covering with breathable layers was mentioned as BSTL-PP, and it was an exterior sub material of the breathability of example 4. The non-woven fabric formed the outermost surface of the sample.

The sample 8A was composed of a united n region of the composite material provided by Example 8. The sample tested represented an unbound area of approximately 1.5 millimeters wide by 25 millimeters long in condition after wetting with salt water from the example material 8, and was measured in reflectance, as observed from the non-woven fabric side of the sample, in the previously described manner.

Sample 8B was composed of a uni area of the composite material described in Example 8. The sample tested represented a bound area of approximately 1. millimeters in width by 25 millimeters in length, in its condition after wetting it is salt water from the material of Example 8, and was measured in reflestania as previously described.

Example 8C was composed of a non-composite area of a composite material of example 8. The test sample represents a non-bonded area of approximately 1.5 millimeters wide by 25 millimeters long of the material of example 8, before wetting with water salted and was measured and reflectansia somo was previously dessribió.

The sample 8D was composed of a unid area of the composite material of example 8. The test sample represented a bonded area of about 1.5 millimeters wide by 25 millimeters long of the dry material of example 8 before wetting with salt water and was measured reflectansia somo was previously dissorted.

Example calculation: The following representative calculation is presented to provide a further understanding of the invention.

The sample IA had the following corresponding dat: Hunter (L'aV) I L = 81.7794; a = 0.9223; b = 2.4534 Tristimulus (X, Y, Z): X = 65.1667; Y = 66.8787; Z = 82.4562 Cromatisity (x): 0.3038 Whiteness Index 78.7256 Sample IB had the following corresponding dat: Hunter (L'aV): L = 79.2616; a = 0.8856; b = 2.8657 Tristimulus (X, Y, Z): X = 61.2194; Y = 62.8239; Z = 78.1101 Cromaticity (x): 0.3028 Whiteness Index 76.1651 Sample 1C had the following corresponding dat: Hunter (L'aV): L = 94.2059; a = 1.2625; b = 1.4908 Tristimulus (X, Y, Z): X = 86.3701; Y = 88.7476; Z = 107.2942 Cromaticity (x): 0.3058 Indise of Blansura 97.2700 Sample ID had the following data: Hunter (L'aV): L = 94.7681; a = 1.3867; b = 1.6569 Tristimulus (X, Y, Z): X = 87.3421; Y = 89.8100; Z = 108.8302 Cromatisity (x): 0.3054 Whiteness Index 99.2867 Similarly, the corresponding data were obtained for each of the other examples 2 to 8.

A representative example of the calculations carried out are the data of example 1 is as follows: The three-dimensional spacing difference Hunte L * a * b * (D) was sampled using the balance 2 shown in the previous section and replacing the values representing the sample measurements for Hunter L * a * b * as follows: For the difference of the sample IA of the sample IB (wet samples): D ^ [(81.7794-79.2616) 2 + (-o.9223 + 0.8856) 2 + (-2.4534 + 2.8657) 2] w »2.55 For the difference of the sample 1C of the sample ID (samples sesas): D ^ t (94.2059-94.7681) 2 + (-1.2625 + 1.3867) 2 + (-1.4908 + 1.6569) 2] * »0.60 The Hunter L * a * b * (wet / wet) test strut for differssion of three-dimensional spacing (D) was divided by dividing the salted D value for the wet samples, (sample and IB) by the D value salted by the samples. sesa samples (samples 1C and ID). The sample of the sonorous propulsion for the sample given above was given as 2.55 / 0.60 = 4.25.

The difference of three-dimensional spacing Tristimulus X, Y, Z (D), was sampled by using equation 2 shown in the previous section, and replacing the values qu represent the sample measurements by Tristimulus X, Y, as follows: For the difference of sample IA from sample IB (wet samples) D = [(65.1667-61.2194) 2 + (66.8787-62.8239) 2 + (82.4562-78.1101) 2] 44 = 7.14 For the difference of sample 1C from sample ID (wet samples) D = [(86.3701-87.3421) 2 + (88.7476-89.8100) 2 + (107.2942-108.8302) 2] * «2.1 The contrast ratio Tristimulus X, Y, Z (wet / dry) for the three-dimensional space difference (D) was calculated by dividing the calculated D value for the humid samples (samples IA and IB) by the D value calculated for the samples. Samples (IC and ID). The test result for the given sample arri is given as 7.14 / 2.11 = 3.38.

The chromaticity x, the blansura index (Wl), the two-dimensional space difference (D) was calibrated by using equation 1 shown in the previous section, and substitute the values representing the sample measurements for chromaticity (x) and the index from blansura (Wl) somo follows: For the difference of sample IA from sample IB (wet samples): D = [(0.3038 - 0.3028) 2 + (78.7256 - 76.1651) 2] * = 2.56 For the difference of the sample 1C of the sample ID (samples sesas): D - [(0.3058 - 0.3054) 2 + (97.2700 - 99.2867) 2] * «2.02 The difference of sontraste (wet / dry) whiteness index (Wl), chromaticity of (x), for the differences of two-dimensional space (D) was calculated by dividing the D value calculated for the wet samples (samples IA and I by the D value calculated for the dry samples (sample 1C and ID) The contrast ratio for example 1C and ID). Contrast ratio for the example given above is given by 2.56 / 2.02 = 1.27.

Table 1 summarizes the results of the differencies map L * a * b *. Table 2 summarizes the results of the Tristimulus difference calculations (X, Y, Z). The table summarizes the results of the difference calculations for chromaticity (x, y, z) combined with whiteness index.

TABLE OF DIFFERENCE CALCULATIONS Table 1. Differences of three-dimensional space Hunter L * a * b * (D D uence your s a a in spas e s and use the test data in equation 2. bIndicates the proportions of the appearance space distances (eg, contrast) between the joined and joined areas for the wet condisions against dry Figure 8 shows a comparison of the Hunter color contrast ratios (wet against head) for sample 1 to sample 4.

Figure 8A shows a comparison of the Hunter color proportions (wet against dry) for sample 5 to sample 8.

Table 2. Differences of three-dimensional space Tristimulus X, Y, Z (D) Sample No. Samples Differentia (D) to Proporsion used to test the cauls (seso / humid) b 'Difference calculated in appearance space using the test data and equation 2. bIndicates the proportions of the distances and space of apariensia (for example, contrast) between the united and unattached areas for the wet conditions against dry d.

Figure 9 shows a somparation of the tristimulus solor sonorous propionsions (wet in the brain) for sample 1 to sample 4.

Figure 9A shows a somparation of the tristimulus solst strut pro-torsions (wet seso sont) for sample 5 to sample 8.

* Difference calculated in appearance space using test data and equation 2.

^ Indicates the prop- tions of distance and appearance space (for example, sound) between the joined and unattached areas for the wet sondisions in sound levels.

Fig. 10 shows a comparison of the sonorous propulsions Wl sromatisidad x (wet in sontra seso) for sample 1 to sample 4.

Figure 10A shows a chromaticity somparation x, contrast ratios Wl (wet against dry) for sample 5 to sample 8.

Summary of Results: Tables 1 to 3 and Figures 8 to 10B show the results of the data sampling methods carried out in the examples. The color differences of Hunter L * a * b *, the differences in color Tristimulus (X, Y, Z), the differences of sromatisity (x) in the iris of the blaise (i) provide sensitive evidence to detect changes in color. color and appearance between diaper samples. The fourth column of each of the samples 1-3 indicates the proportions of the distances in appearance space for each of the three tests (for example, contrast of apariensia between the united areas and not united for the wet conditions against dry. The larger the proportion value the greater the change in appearance (or contrast of appearance due to wetting, indicating that the areas joined together and not joined together in more different areas (for example, have greater contrasts) as a result of the wetting process. A proportion of less than one indicates that there is more contrast between the united and unattached areas in the dry compared with the wet condition, so that the united and unbonded areas for the wet cloth appear more similar, (for example, they exhibit less contrast) than the dry diaper.

Having described the invention in rather somple detail, it will be readily apparent that various sambi and modifiations can be made without departing from the spirit of invention. All such changes and modifications are contemplated as being within the scope of the invention as defined in the attached clauses:

Claims (20)

1. An absorbent article that has a front waistband part, a back waistband part and an intermediate pair, disho artisulo somprende: a lower blade member are flexible and flexible shapes; a top sheet saper permeable to liquid; an absorbent body having a retention portion and placed in the form of a sandwich between said lower sheet member and said upper sheet layer; Y a wet indicator to visually show the presence of a liquid in selected regions of the article said wet indicator includes: at least one indicator portion of the lower leaf member that includes a lower leaf material having a polymer sheet web, a lower leaf member indicator discludes a plurality of translucent window, the suals are arranged in a pattern Are and are formed by a thermal treatment of disha layer d polymer sheet, said seccion indisdent has a apariensi when the parts of the articles in the traslucent windows are dry and has a second appearance visually different suando the parts of the article in the translucent windows are moistened are water.

2. An absorbent article having a front waistband part, a back waistband part and an intermediate pair, said article comprises: a lower blade member are easily and flexibly shaped; a liquid-permeable top sheet layer an absorbent body having a retention portion alone in the form of a sandwich between said lower sheet member and said upper sheet layer; Y A wet indicator to easily show the presence of a liquid in selessionate regions of the art, the humidity indicator includes: at least one indicator section of said lower sheet member which includes a laminated sheet material having a fibrous nonwoven fabric bonded to a sheet of polymer sheet, said lower sheet member portion inscribing a plurality of sheet translucent, the suals are arranged in an area pattern are formed by a semissionate thermal bonding of the fibrous non-woven tea in the polymer sheet sheet in the lower sheet laminate; Y a layer of contrast material attached to the article in an operative place, which is interposed between the intended user of the article and said indexing section member of the lower sheet, said sounding window has a first appearance through said translucent windows and where The contrast material is dry, and having a second visually different appearance through said translucent windows when said contrast material is moistened with water.

3. An article as claimed in Clause 2, characterized in that said lower leaf member has sapasidad to breathe.

4. An article as claimed in clause 3, characterized in that said lower leaf member provides a WVTR value of not less than about 500 g / per 24 hours.

5. Such an article is claimed in clause 2, characterized in that said polymer layer of indiscriminate dispersion is filled with a linear low density polyethylene material.

6. Such an article is claimed in section 5, which is sarasterized because the fibrous non-woven fabric is said said indicator section is composed of polypropylene fibers.

7. Such an article is claimed in clause 2, because said transverse windows are formed by a thermal bonding of said fibrous non-woven fabric to said polymer layer in said lower sheet laminate material.

8. Such an article is claimed in clause 2, characterized in that said layer of contrast material is interposed between said indiscriminate section with a lower leaf member and with a part of retension.

9. An article as claimed in clause 2, characterized in that the contrast material material is interposed between said upper sheet sheet and part of the retension part.

10. Such an article is claimed in section 2, characterized in that the window having a window height of at least about 0. inches.

11. An article as claimed in clause 2, characterized in that each translucent window has a window length of at least about 0.06 inches.

12. An article as claimed in clause 2, sarasterized because a disha sapa union of polymer sheet to said non-woven fabric provides a total binding area, which is at least about 11 percent of a general area of said lower leaf member.

13. An article such and such is claimed in clause 2, characterized in that said joining of said polymer sheet layer to said non-woven fabric provides a total translucent window area, which is at least about 11 percent of the general area of the indicator section of the lower leaf member.

14. An article as claimed in clause 2, characterized in that at least one part of the wet indicator is located in at least one crotch section of the article.

15. An article as claimed in clause 2, characterized in that disha sessión indisadora d member of lower sheet has a length indistadora, the cu extends longitudinally from the crotch section d diaper to a line, which is not less than around centimeters of the longitudinally terminal edge of the front waist band part.

16. An article as claimed in clause 2, sarasterized because the indicator section d lower sheet member has a length that extends longitudinally from the diaper crotch section to a line, which is not less than about centimeters of a longitudinally terminal edge of the posterior waistband.

17. Such an article is claimed in clause 2, because the unsuspended session of the lower leaf member has an unspecific length the longitudinal extends from the diaper crotch session to a line, the sual is not less than about of 1 sentimeters of the terminal edge longitudinally of disha part of frontal waistband.

18. An absorbent article having a front waistband part, a waistband part posterior and an intermediate pair, the article has: a lower blade member, they are conformable and flexible; a top sheet layer permeable to liquid; an absorbent body having a retention portion and placed in the form of a sandwich between said lower sheet member and upper sheet disha; Y a wet indicator to visually show the presence of a liquid in selected regions of the art. at least one indicator session of the lower sheet member including a lower sheet material having a layer of polymer sheet, said lower sheet member indicator section includes a plurality of translucent window, the suals are arranged in an area pattern they are formed by a semissionate heat treatment of the polymer sheet; and said indicator section has a first appearance, when parts of said article in the translucent windows are dry, and having a second visually different appearance when parts of said article in the translucent windows are moistened with water, said indicator section, therefore provides a Contrast ratio of at least about 1.3, as determined by the Hunter L * a * b * values.

19. An absorbent article as claimed in clause 18, sarasterized because the discrete session provides a contrast ratio of at least about 2.

20. An absorbent article as claimed in clause 18, characterized in that disha sessió indisadora gives a contrast propulsion of at least d around 3.