MXPA00000964A

MXPA00000964A - An elongated liquid absorbent pad and system for collecting leaks and spills

Info

Publication number: MXPA00000964A
Application number: MXPA/A/2000/000964A
Authority: MX
Inventors: James Dennis Cotton; James Jay Tanner; Jeffrey Dean Lindsay
Original assignee: James Dennis Cotton; Jeffrey Dean Lindsay; James Jay Tanner
Priority date: 1997-07-30
Filing date: 2000-01-27
Publication date: 2001-03-05

Abstract

An elongate, liquid absorbent pad (10) for controlling liquids and/or collecting liquid spills and leaks. The pad includes:an elongate, substantially coherent, liquid absorbent structure (12) formed of a matrix of fibrous material having a substantially polygonal cross section;a flexible, liquid permeable cover (14) enclosing the absorbent core;and at least one fastening means (24) positioned on at least a portion of the liquid permeable cover. The fastening means may be a hook and loop fastening system, a magnetic fastening system, clips, snaps, fasteners, eyes, hooks, pins or the like. The fastening means may also be an adhesive layer or a combination of mechanical systems and adhesives. The fastening means is adapted to secure the absorbent pad or sock to a surface, to another absorbent pad, or to a device for wiping up liquid.

Description

AN ABSORBENT PAD OF LONG LIQUID AND SYSTEM TO COLLECT SCRAPS AND SPILLS FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates generally to the field of absorbent pads used to control run-off industrial spills. More particularly, this invention relates to the field of high capacity liquid absorbent pads used to control industrial runoff and spillage. The methods for manufacturing the liquid absorbent structure, and the systems for collecting runoff spills.

SYNTHESIS OF THE INVENTION The present invention is directed to an elongated liquid absorbent pad for controlling liquid and / or collecting spills and liquid run-off. The pad or sock includes: (1) an absorbent core which can be an essentially coherent and elongated liquid absorbent structure formed from a matrix of a fibrous material having an essentially polygonal cross section or core formed from a loose absorbent material; (2) a flexible liquid permeable cover enclosing the absorbent core and which may optionally extend beyond the ends of the absorbent core to form appendages, and; (3) by means of fastening means placed on at least part of the cover permeable to the liquid. The fastening means may be one or more mechanical fastening means or one or more adhesive or combinations thereof. The mechanical fastening means can be a hook and loop fastening system, a magnetic fastening system, fasteners, automatic fasteners, eyelets, hooks, pins, buttons or the like. The mechanical fastening means are adapted to secure the absorbent pad or sock to one surface, to another absorbent pad, to a sock or to another device for cleaning liquids.

According to one aspect of the invention, large runoffs can be controlled by direction dams or runoff dams and small runoffs can be controlled by scrubbing. The absorbent pad or sock can be used on stationary or mobile runoffs and spills (eg, flowing or dripping).

An important feature of the invention is that an essentially coherent liquid absorbent structure is formed from a matrix of fibrous material and that it has an essentially polygonal cross section. This is the plane of the cross section must have at least four sides (for example, a quadrilateral cross section), even when the cross sections that define more than four sides are contemplated. Desirably, the essentially coherent liquid absorbent structure has an essentially rectangular cross section. Even more desirably, the absorbent structure of the essentially coherent liquid has a rectangular cross section and is elongated.

The essentially coherent liquid absorbent structure is a matrix of fibrous material which can be a block of fibrous material. Alternatively and / or additionally the essentially coherent absorbent structure may include discrete layers of fibrous material. These discrete layers can be formed separately in a tissue or block formation process or can be from fabric layers such as, for example, meltblown fabrics, bonded linked fabrics, carded and bonded fabrics, hydraulically entangled fabrics and combinations of these materials.

In the embodiments of the invention, it is contemplated that the essentially coherent liquid absorbent structure may be a foam material including, but not limited to, a coherent foam structure, polymeric foam particles, layers of foams suitable for absorbing water, and / or the oil. The foam material is desirably or open cell foam material.

The essentially coherent absorbent structure can also include a particulate material. The particulate material can be distributed through the essentially coherent absorbent structure (for example, through the matrix of the fibrous material). Alternatively and / additionally, the particulate material may be provided as one or more discrete layers of the essentially coherent absorbent structure.

The liquid permeable and flexible cover may be a non-woven fabric of fibrous material. For example, the cover can be selected from spunbonded fabrics, meltblown fabrics, carded and bonded fabrics, hydraulically entangled fabrics and combinations of one or more of the same. The fibrous material used to form the. Structure can be any suitable material. Desirably, the fibrous material is a polyolefin such as, for example, polyethylene polyethylene, propylene copolymers, ethylene copolymers, blends or combinations of one or more of these materials. In an aspect of the invention, the non-woven fabric or the cover material can be perforated and / or treated to increase the permeability or wettability of the liquid. For example, surfactant treatments, chemical pickling, burning, corona discharge treatments or the like may be used. Parts of the cover may be waterproof, particularly in regions where the reinforcing members are added for additional strength, even when it is desirable about 50% or more of the surface area of the cover to remain essentially permeable, more specifically about 80% more, and more specifically still about 90% or more of the surface area of the cover remains essentially permeable.

Of course, it is contemplated that the cover may be a textile material such as a woven or woven material. The cover can also be a film permeable to the liquid such as, for example, a film cut into slits or a perforated film.

Desirably the cover can have sufficient strength so that the absorbent pad can be used to 'clean the liquid.' - For example, the cover may have desirable levels of abrasion and / or tear resistance so that it can withstand the frictional forces encountered during cleaning or even scrubbing.The cover may comprise multiple layers of materials, such as A layer for quick take-up of liquid on the side of a second layer for particle restraint resistance.Additional elements can be attached to the cover for a variety of purposes, particularly reinforcing elements to reinforce the cover and secure the mechanical fasteners. reinforcing elements can be strips, bands or patches of material such as non-woven textile fabrics (including but not limited to cotton canvas or similar), plastic films, rubber, thermoplastic appendage or plates, tapes (including tape strips that comprise films of polymer or fiber), or the like, the reinforcing elements can be attached to the provided by any means known in the art, including mediant adhesives, thermal bonding, ultrasonic bonding, joining with spinning piping or the like. Desirably, the reinforcing elements are attached to the cover adjacent to the mechanical fastening means in regions of high mechanical stress anticipated in the cover when the absorbent article is moistened. Thus, by better distributing the mechanical stresses and reducing the chances of the cover failing in use Desirably, the reinforcing elements do not interfere essentially with the performance of the liquid in the cover. Desirably, the reinforcing elements are permeable to the liquid and / or wettable with respect to the target liquid.

The elastic bands and strips attached to the cover can be used to maintain the shape and improve positioning of the elongated pad near a wet surface or to provide an extension and stretch to the cover for an improved notch.

According to the invention, the fastening or l joining means can be placed on the cover permeable to the liquid. The fastening means can be mechanical fasteners (for example, Velero® hook and loop fasteners, eyelets and hooks, automatic fasteners, ropes, magnetic strips or similar). Desirably, the fastening means d is an adhesive layer.

The fastening means may be located on at least a portion of the liquid-permeable cover. For example, the fastening means may be located on one or more parts of the cover corresponding to one more side of the essentially coherent elongated absorbent structure. . When the fastening means are or include an adhesive cap the adhesive layer can be essentially continuous it can be essentially discontinuous Desirably, the adhesive cap is a pressure sensitive adhesive layer In an embodiment of the present invention, the adhesive strip it has a width or thickness sufficient to provide satisfactory adhesion to a surface such as, for example, a floor, a wall, a section of a machine, a pipe or tank, another absorbent pad, or a spill-cleaning device. the adhesive layer runs along the full length dimension of at least one side of the cover (e.g., at least a portion of the cover which corresponds to one side of the essentially coherent absorbent structure.

In one aspect of the present invention, the flexible liquid permeable cover extends beyond the ends of the absorbent structure by a sufficient amount so that two or more of the absorbent pads can be joined in series by the adhesion clamping of the extending a pad to a part of the cover on an adjacent pad. The extensions of the cover can also be used to create a seal between the end of an absorbent pad and an adjacent wall or structure.

. The present invention encompasses an elongated liquid absorbent pad for collecting liquid run-off spills. The pad includes: (1) an essentially coherent liquid absorbent structure formed of a matrix of fibrous material having an essentially polygonal cross section, a specific gravity d less than about 0.055, an absorbance of gram liquid per gram of more than around 10; and (2) a flexible liquid permeable cover enclosing the absorbent structure and having extensions beyond the ends thereof. For example, the essentially coherent liquid absorbent structure can have a specific gravity of minus d around 0.04. As another example, the absorbent structure of the essentially coherent liquid may have an absorbency of gram liquid per gram of more than about 15. In yet another example, the essentially coherent liquid absorbent structure may have a liquid absorbency of gram per gram. of more than around 20.

The essentially coherent liquid absorbent structure can be made of materials as described above having the general configurations described above. The liquid permeable and flexible cover can also be formed from the materials described above and have the characteristics described above.

The. present invention also encompasses a system for collecting run-off and liquid spills. The system involves: (1) provide an elongated liquid absorbent pad that includes: an essentially coherent liquid absorbent structure formed of a matrix of fibrous material having an essentially polygonal cross-section; a liquid permeable and flexible cover enclosing the coherent absorbent structure and having extensions beyond the ends thereof; Y fastening means on at least a part of the cover permeable to the liquid; Y (2) securing the elongated liquid absorbent pad to a surface using the securing means so that the liquid absorbent pad is configured to collect / control run-off and liquid spills The system includes securing the elongated liquid absorbent pad to another elongated liquid absorbent pad using the fastening means. The system also includes securing the elongated liquid absorbent pad to a device for cleaning the liquid or moving the absorbent pad in the liquid.

These and other various advantages and characteristics of the novelty characterizing the invention are designated with particularity in the claims appended here and forming part thereof. However, for a better understanding of the invention, its advantages and the objects obtained by its use, reference should be made to the drawings which form an additional part thereof, and to the accompanying descriptive matter, in which is illustrated and described or preferred embodiment of the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a perspective view illustration of an absorbent pad of the example liquid Figure 2 is a perspective view illustration of an absorbent pad of the example liquid Figure 3 is an illustration of the cross-sectional view of an absorbent pad of the liquid for example.

Figure 4A is * an illustration of a cross-sectional view of an absorbent pad of the liquid d example.

Figure 4B is an illustration of a cross-sectional view of an absorbent pad of the liquid d example.

Figure 5 is an illustration of a cross-sectional view of an absorbent pad of liquid for example.

Figure 6 is an illustration of a detail an absorbent pad of the example liquid.

Figure 7 is an illustration of a detail two example liquid absorbing pads attached in series.

Figure 8 is an illustration of a detail of an absorbent pad of the example liquid.

Figures 9-17 are illustrative application illustrations of one or more liquid absorbing pads.

• - - • Figures 18-21 are graphic representations of the results of the performance tests of the absorbent products.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION Referring now to the drawings, where like reference numerals designate a corresponding structure through the views, and referring in particular to FIG. 1, there is shown a perspective view of an elongated liquid absorbent pad of example 1 for collect runoff and liquid spills. In figure 1, the pad 10 is partially open to reveal its construction. The pad includes an essentially coherent liquid absorbent structure 12 formed from a matrix of fibrous material having an essentially polygonal cross section.

The pad 10 includes a flexible liquid permeable cover 14 enclosing the essentially coherent absorbent structure 12. A first end 16 and an extreme secund 18 of the flexible cover 14 are joined by a seam 20. As noted above, FIG. shows the flexible cover 14 partially open and having portions, extensions appendages 22 that run past the ends of the coherent absorbent structure 12. Referring now to Figure 2, fastening means - in the form of an adhesive cap 24 covered by a Strip strip 26 (shown partially removed) are desirably included on at least a portion of the liquid-permeable cover 14. It should be noted that FIG. 2 is a bottom perspective view of the figure in which the pad 10 and FIG. flexible cover 14 is partially open to reveal an example construction The absorbent structure of the essentially coherent liquid 12 is a matrix of a fibrous material which can be a coherent block of a fibrous material. For example, the structure 12 can be a coherent mat of any suitable fibrous material. The coherent mat can be formed using fibrillation, carding, p airing, tufting and / or similar conventional operations. If the fibrous material lacks sufficient coherence, various adhesives, binder materials or the like may be added to provide a block having the required integrity, the opening, the elasticity so as to be able to withstand folding during use.

As an example, the rotary disc fibrizers, forming drums and pulp reduction chambers of conventional pulp blotting operations can be used to form the coherent block of fibrous material. An example felt machine is described in U.S. Patent No. 1,961,272, issued June 5, 1934 to H.R. Williams. An example of a fibrillation method and an apparatus for fibrillating wood pulp fibers is described in the patent for the United States of America No. 3,475,791 granted on November 4, 1969 to C.A. Brewster and others. An example method and apparatus for forming fiber fluff is described in United States Patent No. 3,755,856 issued September 4, 1973 to C.T. Banks. The contents of this patent are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

During the formation of the fibrous matter matrix (for example, the essentially coherent fibrous mat) the fibers may be deposited on a carrier sheet or wrapper which may be included in the absorbent pad. For example, Figure 3 is a transverse section of an exemplary absorbent pad that reveals an essentially coherent liquid absorbent structure 12 in the form of a generally coherent homogeneous block of fibrous material. The coherent block 12 is enclosed by a casing 28 (optional) located below the liquid permeable cover 14.

An adhesive seal 20 can be used to join the first edge 16 and a second edge 18 of the liquid-permeable cover 14 to secure the cover around the entire structure. Of course, any suitable technique can be used to join the first edge 16 and the second edge 18 of the liquid-permeable cover 14 together. Exemplary techniques include, but are not limited to, ultrasonic bonding, thermal bonding, mechanical fastening, sewing bonding and / or combinations thereof. Figure 3 also shows the adhesive cap 24 and the peelable strip 26 covering the seam 20 on being on the opposite side of the pad 10 as the seam 20 as in figures 1 and 2.

Various fibrous materials may be used to form the matrix of the fibrous material. Suitable materials include, but are not limited to, pulp fluff, cotton fibers, cotton lint, synthetic fibers, as well as various manufacturing waste materials which contain fibers and / or fibrous materials. These fibers can be individualized (separated into individual fibers) combined / agglomerated into clods. An advantage of the present invention is that these materials can be used individually, mixed together, or combined with other materials and still provide a matrix of fibrous material which has satisfactory levels of strength, elasticity integrity and resistance to collapse. It is desirable that the fibrous material have an average length ranging from about 1 millimeter to about 7 millimeters. Even though other lengths may be satisfactory, these lengths appear to provide matrices with good integrity integrity. It is also desirable that the fibrous material have an aspect ratio ranging from about 20 to about 3500. For example, the fibrous material may have an aspect ratio of from about 20 to about 500. As yet another example, the fibrous material can have an aspect ratio of from about 20 to about d 100.

Alternatively and / or additionally, the essentially coherent absorbent structure may be formed of discrete layers of fibrous material. These discrete layers may be formed separately in one or more dyeing or block forming processes and cover or overlap to form the absorbent structure.

The essentially coherent absorbent structure can also include particulate material. The material and particles can be distributed through the essentially coherent absorbent structure. The distribution of particulate matter within the absorbent structure may be generally uniform or the distribution may define a gradient. Alternatively and / or additionally, the material e particles can be provided as one or more discrete layers of the essentially coherent absorbent structure. Suitable fibrous and particulate materials include, but are not limited to, the materials listed in Table 1. The density volume and the gram-gram absorbance ratio for water, mineral oil, linseed oil, and oil are given. of motor oil without detergent of various materials. In addition, the number of gallons of 30% of the motor oil n detergent adsorbed per pound of absorbent material is given.

TABLE 1 ABSORBANCE TEST (GRAM BY GRAM) Density Oil Oil Oil Motor Oil Absorbent Volume Aqua Mineral Linasa Gallon / pound Sawdust Treated with Oil 0.4008 0.00 0.85 0.87 0.83 0.1158 Paper Mill Solution, Pelletized 1.92 1.10 1.29 1.29 0.1800 (Owensboro-42% Inorganic Clay, Granular (commercial oil sorbent) l0.05¿83 0.50 1.41 1.24 1.41 0.1967 Paper Mill Solution, Dried with 0.2022 3.18 2.28 2.97 3.16 0.4408 Twinkle (Colleshill-50% inorganic) Carozo de Maiz, Treated with polyvinyl alcohol G.1300 7.42 3.80 4.41 4.60 0.6417 (Gray New pig "» "-") Vermiculite, Treated with polyvinyl alcohol 0.1270 6.38 5.31 5.47 4.86 0.6780 (Blue New PigMiprca) Paper Mill Solution, Dried with 0.1726 3.80 4.35 5.32 5.53 0.7714 Twinkling (Owensboro-42% inorganic) Sphagnum moss (Sphag Sorb®) 0.1269 0.00 5.29 5.11 5.82 0.8119 Soft Junco (full stem) 0.1488 7.86 5.23 6.26 6.41 0.8942 Soft rush (core) 0.1300 8.54 5.23 6.82 6.70 0.9347 Paper Mill Solution, Dried with 0.0968 10.66 6.94 7.90 8.42 1.1746 Scintillation (New Milford-6% inorganic) Pad Manufacturing Waste 0.0547 13.10 10.33 11.59 13.00 1.8135 Female (Ground with Vt-inch hammer-grid) Unbonded polypropylene Epoxy-filler treated with 0.0499 14.60 12.90 15.60 13.50 1.8833 polyvinyl alcohol (3M Yellow) Polypropylene not bonded, Borra (3M White) 0.0432 0.00 12.45 13.25 13.85 1.9321 Table 1, Continuation ABSORBANCE TEST (GRAM GRAM) Referring now to Figure 4A, there is shown a cross section of an exemplary absorbent pad detailing the essentially coherent absorbent structure 12 1 which includes an upper layer 30, a middle layer 32 and a lower cap 34. These layers are surrounded by the liquid permeable cover 14 and are shown with the adhesive layer 2 and the peelable strip 26 covering the seam 20.

Figure 4B is another illustration of an exemplary absorbent pad showing the essentially coherent absorbent structure 12 which includes an upper cap 30, a middle layer 32 and a lower layer 34 and a central core 36. In some embodiments of the invention, the upper cap 30, the middle layer 32 and the lower layer 34 are a matrix of fibrous material - and the central core is a zone or layer of particulate material. Such a configuration may be advantageous because the particulate material is completely enclosed by the various layers 30, 32 and 34. It is also contemplated that the central orifice may also be a fibrous material matrix or may include a mixture of fibrous material and particles.

In some embodiments of the invention, all layers may be composed of the same or different fibrous materials. It is contemplated that some of the fibrous layers may have densities and other properties different from the other layer or layers for purposes such as, for example, improving absorbency, increasing liquid intake, improved liquid distribution and the like. For example, upper layer 30 may be a layer which provides for rapid absorption of liquid, middle layer 32 may be a layer which efficiently distributes the liquid, and lower layer 34 may be a layer which has a greater capacity to absorb. the liquid As another example, each layer can be made from materials that are particularly efficient at specific types of liquid absorption. In this example, the upper cap may be capable of absorbing large quantities of aqueous liquids, the middle layer may be able to absorb (or adsorb) large quantities of oily liquids or n-polar liquids, and the lower layer may * be absorbing layers and / od neutralize the caustic or acidic liquids.

It should be understood that the invention encompasses other ingredients, layers and / or additives which can be added to the absorbent structure (or cover material) which have absorbing properties, antibacterial properties, flame retardant properties, acid neutralization properties and / or alkali neutralization properties.

In other embodiments of the invention, a further layer may be composite or may include materials and particles. Exemplary particulate materials include but are not limited to clays, powders, superabsorbents, pelleted solution, corn cob, vermiculite, and the like. The particulate materials may selectively be absorbent selectively adsorbents or have some other desirable characteristics. Any number and configuration of layers is contemplated.

When the particulate materials are used as discrete layers or by mixing or blending in the matrix of the fibrous material, it is important that the absorbent structure 12 have sufficient structural integrity that it can be considered essentially coherent. Binders, adhesives, Similar pad wrappers can be used to increase the integrity of the absorbent structure so that it is essentially coherent.

Alternatively and / or additionally, the essentially coherent absorbent structure may include one or more fabrics such as, for example, meltblown fabrics, spunbond fabrics, carded fabrics and attached hydraulically entangled fabrics and combinations of these materials. For example, a single fabric can be folded or gathered to define a plurality of layers. As another example, they can be placed in several layers, folded / folded to define a plurality of layers.

Referring now to Figure 5, there is shown (not to scale) a cross-section of an example absorbent pad detailing a substantially coherent absorbent structure 12 which is formed of multiple fiber fabrics. The absorbent structure is enclosed in flexible cover material 14 and is composed of a first folded fabric 40 and a second folded fabric 42. The first folded fabric 40 and the second folded fabric 42 are interfolded, at a contact point 44. However , u interdopted configuration is optional.

In other embodiments of the invention, the absorbent structure 12 may include the layers of a tej id coform or may be composed entirely of a cofor fabric or a coform block; 'A block / tissue..cof rm. it can be a matrix of meltblown fibers and at least one other material (eg fiber or particles) integrated into the melt blown fiber matrix. The coform fabrics / blocks are produced using the techniques described in, for example, U.S. Patent No. 4,100,324 issued in July 1978 to Anderson et al .; and in the patent of the United States of America No. 5,350,624 granted on September 27, 1994, granted to Georger and others, whose contents of these patents are incorporated by reference in their entirety.

The absorbent structure can include adsorbent materials including activated carbon, zeolites, bicarbonate d soda, activated silica, adsorbent clays and the like. The adsorbent material can be mixed, agglomerated or adhered to fibrous material that forms the absorbent structure. The adsorbent material can be incorporated into a fabric that can be incorporated into the absorbent structure. For example, a single fabric including an adsorbent material can be folded folded to define a plurality of layers and / or several fabric can be layered, picked up and / or folded to define a plurality of layers. Suitable adsorbent fabrics are described in, for example, U.S. Patent No. 5,571,604 issued to Sprang et al. The contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. The absorbent structure may also comprise agents to neutralize the toxic chemicals or other harmful agents that may be present in a spill. For example, it may comprise agents for neutralizing acids such as bicarbonate soda or any known buffer or base. You can also understand agents for neutralizing bases. The absorbent structure can comprise chemicals encapsulated in shells that dissolve, break or degrade when they are in contact with the agent that is intended to neutralize the chemicals enclosed. For example, acid neutralizing agents may be encapsulated in capsules that degrade to a low p, while alkali neutralizing agents may be present in shells that degrade at a low pH, so that a unique absorbent structure can serve to neutralize either acid or base spills. Since then the absorbent structures can be the target to neutralize either acids or bases only. The absorbent structures may also comprise antimicrobial agents.

An important feature of the invention is that the essentially absorbent liquid absorbent structure is elongated and has an essentially polygonal cross section. The term "elongate" is used pa to mean that the absorbent pad has a length of at least about 12 inches. Desirably, the absorbent pad has a length of about 20 to 6 inches. It is contemplated that the absorbent pad may be many meters long, such as about 10 meters larger, more specifically about 20 meters or more, so that it can be stored on a large supply roll and cut to size for a specific application.

The requirement that the structure have "an essentially polygonal cross-section" means that the cross-sectional plane must have at least four sides (for example a quadrilateral cross-section) Desirably, the essentially coherent liquid absorbent structure has an essentially cross-sectional area. rectangular. Such a cross-section is desirable because it provides a greater product height for retaining control of the liquid and a greater "footprint" impression or bas for clamping and stability than the radial cross-sections. A rectangular cross section also has flat surfaces which help prevent the cushion from being displaced, especially when used with a layer or pull of adhesive. Cross sections defining more than four sides are contemplated in the practice of the invention However, too many sides begin to approach an undesirable radial cross section.

Another important feature of the present invention is that of. that the absorbent structure 12 'e "essentially,., coherent". This means that the structure has sufficient integrity and strength to be relatively self-supporting and flexible so that it is capable of defining an essentially polygonal cross-section independently of the cover material Desirably, the structure has sufficient integrity and strength in the manner of the structure. that it is generally capable of defining an essentially polygonal cross section even during use, and it is desirable that the structure have an opening, elasticity flexibility to provide the desired levels of absorption and to resist, reduce or minimize folding during use. achieved by using a mat or block which includes the fibers that are entangled and mechanically entangled to "exhibit the necessary coherence. Alternatively and / or additionally, the adhesives, fiber binders, water, compression, heat or types of binder treatment may be used. The coherence of the absorbent structure must be understood in contrast to loose fibers, granules or particles that must be supported by a cover, jacket, sleeve which is used to define the cross section of the article. For example, products that can be described as a tubular sock filled with clay particles, corn kernel or polypropylene tow filament fibers use the tubular sock to define or establish the article cross section. As another example, the products that can be described, such as a tubular cover made of a fabric, of heat-molded thermoplastic fibr in a triangular shape filled with a granular solid matter use the heat-molded fabric to define and establish the cross section from the article.

According to the present invention, the liquid-permeable and flexible cover 14 can be any material including, for example, textile materials, woven materials, non-woven fabrics and / or films. Desirably, the cover is a non-woven fabric of fibrous material. For example, the cube can be selected from fabrics joined with spinning, fabric blown with fusion, carded and joined fabrics, hydraulically entangled fabrics and combinations of one or more of them. The fibrous material used to form the cover can be any material. Desirably, the fibrous material is a polyolefin such as, for example, polypropylene, polyethylene, propylene copolymers, ethylene copolymers, and mixtures of combinations of one or more of these materials. The cover can also be a liquid permeable film such as, for example, a slit film, a perforated film, a porous film, a microporous film, or a microperforated film. In one aspect of the invention, the non-woven fabric or cover material can be perforated and / or treated to increase the permeability to the liquid. For example, treatments with surfactant, chemical pickling, burning, corona discharge treatments or the like may be used. These treatments can be used to increase the permeability of various types and liquids, individually collectively. For example, such treatments can be adapted to increase the permeability of the cover for aqueous liquids, for non-aqueous liquids, (for example oils, fats, non-polar liquids), acids, bases, suspensions, emulsions, gels or the like.

As discussed above, an adhesive seal and / or mechanical fastening means can be used to join the first edge 16 and a second edge 18 of the liquid-permeable cover 14 to secure the cover around the absorbent structure. Conventional adhesives and adhesive bonding techniques readily adapted to the construction of the absorbent pad present by persons skilled in the art. Exemplary adhesives include, but are not limited to, hot melt construction adhesive used in the manufacture of personal care products (eg diapers incontinence products, women's care products) such as those available under the designations: DF 5610; 434-5563; 34-5606; 134-5551; 34-5582; 11-88; 34-5561; 1716 and 518-3312 of National Starch, of Bridgewater, New Jersey. Other suitable hot melt building adhesives are available under the designations: D-9105; D-3950; D-8370; JM 1004-A; and D-9105-ZP by HB Fuller of St. Paul, Minnesota. The most suitable thermoforming construction adhesives are available under the designations L-8507; L-8007; H-2457; H-109 by Ato Findley Inc., of Wauwatosa, Wisconsin. It is desirable that these adhesives adhere safely and have a strength greater than or equal to the strength of the liquid-permeable and flexible coating material.

Examples of mechanical fastening techniques include sewing, joining and sewing, needle piercing, curling or the like. Seaming techniques are described in, for example, United States Patent No. 4,891,956 issued January 9, 1990 to Strack, others, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

In an embodiment of the invention, the cover can be made of a suitable material that can be joined together by the application of heat, ultrasonic energy or a suitable solvent so that the edges of the cover can be joined together. As an example, the opposite edges of a nonwoven film or fabric having a thermoplastic polymer component can be joined together by applying heat and / or ultrasonic energy and pressure so that the edges are securely bonded or welded together. Suitable fabrics and techniques are described for example in the patent of the United States of America No ... '5, 5.73, 8.41 granted on 12 d November 1996 to Adam and others, whose contents are incorporated herein by reference in their whole.

In one embodiment of the invention, the first and second edge of the cover are wrapped around the absorbent structure and sealed with an adhesive construction by running a counting or spraying pattern along the length of one edge of the cover and covering overlap the other edge so that it contacts the adhesive and forms a secure adhesive bond. The remaining n-joint end portions of the cover can be joined together using ultrasonic or thermal bonding techniques.

According to the invention, the desirable liquid-permeable cover materials having good level of flexibility are the yarn-bound non-woven polypropylene filament fabrics available from Kimberly-Clar Corporation of Ros ell, Georgia. These coiled bonding materials may have basis weights ranging from about 0.4 to about 4 ounces per square yard (osy). For example, these materials may have base weights ranging from about 0.4 to about 23 ounces per square yard. As another example, these materials may have basis weight ranging from about 0.6 to about 1 ounce per square yard. Non-woven fabrics including filaments bonded with multicomponent yarn (for example filament bonded with bicomponent yarn) can be used. Tale multi-component filaments can have, for example, a pod / core configuration or a side-by-side configuration.

The shaped fibers including, but not limited to, two-lobed, three-lobed or multiple-lobed fibers may be included or may constitute the covering materials when the absorbent pad is to be used for cleaning, scrubbing, cleaning and for removal of a spill. or runoff of a viscous substance of tar type and / or viscous substance. The fibers with lobes, the shaped fibers, the ribbon-like fibers and the cloths incorporating the same are described in, for example, the patent of the United States of America No. 5,498,468 granted on March 12, 1996 to Blaney, whose contents it is incorporated here by reference.

Desirably, the cover will have sufficient strength so that the absorbent pad can be used to clean the liquid. For example, the cover may have desirable levels of abrasion resistance and / or tear reinforcement so that it can withstand the frictional forces encountered during cleaning or even during scrubbing. This can be achieved by using a cover material such as, for example, a non-woven fabric of spunbonded filaments, having a sufficient basis weight and / or joined so that the cover has the required reinforcement and strength. abrasion .but - still- have an adequate flexibility. Suitable cover materials include, but are not limited to, non-woven fabrics of yarn-linked filaments / fibers having a basis weight of more than about 0. ounces per square yard and / or a combined surface area of over about 10 and about 20 percent (as determined by conventional optical image analysis techniques). Another important factor affecting the strength of the non-woven fabric is the diameter of the fiber / filament. Desirably, the non-woven fabrics include the fibers / filaments having a larger diameter sufficient to provide sufficient levels of strength while retaining the fall and flexibility. desirable In desired form the fibers / filaments have a diameter ranging from about 10 to about 60 microns. More desirably the fibers / filaments have a diameter ranging from about 7 to about 35 microns.

In an aspect of the invention, it is desirable that the absorbent pad has an adequate level of resistance to breakage. This is the strength of the flexible cover material and the joints connecting the first edge and the second edge together as well as the joints sealing the end portions of the absorbent pad must be sufficient to withstand an applied force without breaking or opening. This feature may be important if the absorbent pad is scraped, glued, or stepped on before, during use, or during collection for disposal.The proper levels of resistance to breakage may vary depending on how the absorbent pad will be used. Generally speaking, the resistance to breakage should be, to a minimum, capable of withstanding the peeling strength of any adhesives that can be used to adhere the absorbent pad to a surface Desirably, the resistance to breakage can be several times greater than the level necessary to support the peeling strength of any adhesive used to secure the absorbent pad to a surface.

Another feature of the present invention is that the fastening means (for example the mechanical fastening systems and / or the adhesive layer) can be placed over at least a part of the liquid-permeable cover. The clamping means may be located on one or more parts of the cover corresponding to one or more sides of the essentially coherent elongated absorbent structure. To illustrate this point, reference is made to Figures 1 and 2 wherein the fastening means, in the form of an adhesive layer 24 may be on the opposite side of the absorbent pad 10 as the seam 20 created by joining the first edge 16 and a second edge 18 of the cover permeable to the flexible liquid 14. AlternativelyAs shown in Figures 3"and 4, the fastening means in the form of an adhesive layer 24 can be on the same side of the absorbent pad 10 as the stream 24 created by the edges of the flexible cover 14. The fastening means (eg the fiber layer) 24 may be placed along a central part of the flexible cover as shown in Figure 2 or may be placed near or on a flexible cover edge. the fastening means is a sticky cap and an active sticky adhesive is used, a strip of peeling must be used to cover the adhesive until the absorbent pad is ready to be applied to a surface. Removing the strip of peeling Generally speaking, the strip of peeling can be any paper, plastic or similar sheet material which can be released from the adhesive.The peeled strip can be coated or impregnated with a release agent. conventional ration so that it can be removed if the adhesive is damaged.

The fastening means can be mechanical fastening means. Such devices typically are composed of two parts which may be joined together. A first part is connected to or contained in or on the absorbent pad, while the second part resides on one side of the target surface where the liquid is found. . The second part may be integral with the surface to be contacted (as is the case for the attachment with magnetic means where the second part is the same surface) or any other object may be attached to the target surface. other mechanical adhesive means. For example, in the case of the hook and loop structures, the loop component may be integrated with the pad cover and may form the first part of the mechanical fastening means while a strip of hook material is the second part. of the mechanical fastening means and can be attached to the target surface or any object by means of: (1) adhesives or rubbers, (2) by any other hook and loop structures as when a strip of sides of the material of hooks puts bridges between the pads by having the material of curls on the outer cover or when a strip of material of hooks engages a carpet or textile surface; (3) by pinched stapling; (4) with screws, nails, staples or other mechanical fastening means; or (5) by tying or sewing the strip to the surface to be contacted and the like.

In an embodiment of the invention, the second part of the mechanical fastening means, such as a strip of hook material designed to engage the ridge material on the outer cover of the absorbent pad, can be fastened to a surface where the run-off They are likely to occur while the surface is dry and an adhesive or other fastening means are easily implemented. When runoff occurs the second part of the mechanical fastening means is already in place to receive the first part of the mechanical fastening means integral with or physically connected to the absorbent pad. This method allows easy and quick attachment of the pad to the draining area and allows multiple pads to be held and removed from a second single pad of the mechanical fastening means. This is especially desirable when runoff or spillage involves people who may interfere with the fresh bonding of a strip of adhesive to the wet surface (for example, most of the fluid may interfere with the attachment of adhesive) and is especially desirable for regions where a high resistance fastening is necessary such as on a vertical surface or when the pad must be suspended from a surface or any other condition in which gravitational forces or other forces of the body or shear forces may act to move. the pad or interrupt the seal that it forms with the target surface.

The second part of the mechanical fastening means is desirably flat and non-obstructive and does not interfere with the utility of the device or surface it is fastened to but provides reusable means for quick attachment of the absorbent pads when required. The fastening means may be small-scale hook-and-loop structures such as Velcro fasteners, magnetic strips, other magnetic means for attaching the iron pad or other magnetic materials, eyelets and hooks in a plurality. of large eyelets desirably larger than millimeters in diameter) are attached to the pad to allow the hooking of appropriately spaced sized hooks or other projections onto a similar surface.

According to the present invention, it is particularly desirable to use mechanical fastening systems having hook and loop structures such as the VelcroMarca fasteners wherein the curl component is the liquid permeable cover that encloses the absorbent structure to the liquid and structure of the fastener. hook can be two strips of two sides of material hooks to easily join two pads. It is contemplated that the fastening system may include strips on one side of the material of oil resistant hooks with a satisfactory backing of the adhesive (e.g., resistant to oil) to allow one or more strips of the hook material to be connected in a desirable place where the pad can be subsequently fastened. In such an embodiment, the adhesive is desirably protected with a strip of release paper.

Mechanical fastening systems can utilize two-part fastening systems such as clips, automatic latches, hook-and-loop structures or the like in which a first part is attached or integral to the absorbent pad (for example, the material of curl on the outer cover of the pad) and a second part is connected or forms an integral part of the objective surface (for example, a hook material attached to a surface) L early fastening of a part of the mechanical fastening system (for example, of the hook material) in the target locations where runoff is very likely to occur while the target surface is dry to allow easy clamping of the pads after runoff begins. In this case, that part of the fastening system (hook material) can be fastened with durable adhesives or adhesives that can withstand fluid runoff to withstand repeated mechanical stress or with permanent or semi-permanent mechanical fastening means such as screws. The permanent attachment of the second part of the mechanical fastening means to the areas where regular runoff or spillage is possible such as near large equipment or hydraulic devices or near areas where oils and other liquids are handled. also and especially desirable.

In an embodiment of the invention, the fastening system can be magnetic strips. These may be elongated and desirably flexible arrangements of high Gauss magnetic materials such as rare earth magnets which may be attached to steel or other ferrous materials with sufficient strength to retain a pad moistened in place preferably even on an oily vertical surface. . According to one aspect of the invention, the magnetic strip can be a removable and reusable component which slides into an elongated bag in the pad before use to allow attachment to a ferrous structure and which allows the removal of the pull when the pad is going to be discarded. The strip is desirably flexible to allow the arrangement in various ways for a better fit on complex surfaces.

Discrete magnets attached in a continuous plastic or hul matrix can provide the desired flexibility.

Of course, the present invention encompasses fastening means in which one or more fastening systems and adhesives can be used separately or together. The presence of both an adhesive strip and the mechanical fastening means in a pad gives added options and terms how the pads can be fastened or placed In a preferred embodiment, the mechanical fastening means or the mechanical fastening systems are not on the same pad as the adhesive strip thus allowing a first pad to be adhesively bonded to a surface while other "pads" may be attached to the first pad to form an elastic pillow stack or to allow a pad to connect firmly to orthogonal surfaces simultaneously as in a corner.

The present invention encompasses incorporations of the absorbent pad in which the fastening means is only in the form of layers or strips of adhesive in a plurality of places on the pad. For example, the fastening means (e.g., layers of adhesive) may be placed on both the top and bottom of the absorbent pad, or on one or both edges or sides of the absorbent pad and / or any combination thereof. the same. According to the invention, the adhesive layer may be a continuous layer or it may be discontinuous. The adhesive may be applied in any configuration including a continuous count, various spray patterns, splashes, prints, swirl arrangements or the like.

Desirably, the adhesive layer is a pressure sensitive adhesive layer. The suitable pressure sensitive adhesive includes, but is not limited to, hot melt adhesives of the type applied to personal care products (e.g., pads for the care of women, incontinence products, etc.). .) to adhere the product to the garment of a user. As an example, useful hot melt adhesive adhesives include that available under the designations 34-56CT2"(also known as" Easy Melt "); DF-5575; 170-3902; DM-523; 34-5516, 34-5512 MQ 7987; 53-4507 from National Starch, of Bridgewater, Ne Jersey Other useful hot melt adhesive includes those available under the designations HL-8141; D-58; D-3944; HL-8112; HM-5717; HL-1375; and HM-1972 from HB Fuller, of St. Paul, Minnesota, and the adhesive available under the designation 910-373 from Ato Findley, Inc., of Wauwatosa, Wisconsin.

In the embodiments of the invention, the garment adhesives must provide a level of adhesion that is less than the bond strength of the seam 20 which joins the first edge 16 and the second edge 18 of the cover material 14 together. Even though the level of adhesion can be varied greatly adjusted, in some embodiments it is desirable for the garment adhesives to provide a level of adhesion that can be measured in the range of about 20 to about 1000 grams for the fabric substrate. cotton or nylon fabric generally in accordance with ASTM E 171-87. For example, "garment" adhesives desirably provide adhesion in the range of about 100 to about 50 grams. Even more desirably, the "garment" adhesive provides adhesion in the range of about 200 to about 400 grams.

In embodiments of the invention, the adhesive cap may be in the form of an adhesive strip running along the length of the flexible cover. The adhesive cap may run along the length of the entire length of at least one side of the cover (eg, at least a portion of the cover corresponds to one side of the essentially coherent absorbent structure).

The adhesive strip can have a width ranging from about equal to the width of the cover to a relatively thin bead or count. Generally speaking, the adhesive strip may have a sufficient width to provide good adhesion of the absorbent pad to the exposed surfaces of the peel strength or the stickiness of the adhesive. For example, some suitable pressure sensitive adhesives of the type used in Self-sealing and similar envelopes can be applied on a strip that has a width that varies from about one inch to about a quarter of an inch. Another feature of the invention is that when the adhesive strip on the flexible cover material is used to secure the absorbent pad to a surface the adhesive strip and the flexible cover material are adapted to conformably and surely contact the surface. This tight contact generates a seal, block barrier to minimize separations, spaces, capillary vessels and the like and reduces runoff beyond the absorbent pad.

The adhesive layer must provide satisfactory adhesion of the adsorbent pad to vertical surfaces, horizontal surfaces, arched surfaces, flat surfaces or surfaces having irregular topography and / or extreme temperature. Alternatively and / or additionally, the adhesive layer should provide satisfactory adhesion so that the pad can adhere to flexible surfaces, moving surfaces, reciprocating surfaces, vibrating surfaces and the like. These surfaces can be found in a variety of ways such asFor example, a floor, a wall, a roof, a section of a machine, a pipe or tank, another absorbent pad, or a device to clean spills and / or surface contamination (eg, also dirt and grime. Surfaces may also include drive shafts, transmissions, differential gear boxes, oil / sump trays / trays for engines or motor vehicles, although these surfaces are predominantly non-porous surfaces, it is contemplated that the adhesive layer may be configured to provide acceptable level of adhesion to surfaces that have some porosity.

In one aspect of the present invention, the flexible liquid permeable cover extends beyond the ends of the absorbent structure. This feature is illustrated in Figure 6, which illustrates an absorbent pad 10. The end of absorbent structure 12 is indicated by dotted lines. A terminal part 50 of the flexible cover 14 can be seen extending beyond the end of the absorbent structure 12. According to the invention, the length of the end portion 50 is desirably large enough so that two or more absorbent pads can be joined in the same manner. series by adhering the terminal portion of a pad to a terminal part of the cover on an adjacent pad. An illustration of this configuration can be seen in Figure 7 where a first pad 1 and a second absorbent pad 10 are joined in an abutting relationship by overlapping the end portions 50 and 50 '. The absorbent pads may be joined in many other configurations such as, for example, attaching the terminal part of the cover of one pad to a non-terminal part of the cover of another pad to form a pattern "Y", "T", " E "or similar.

This ability to join in series or in various patterns provides advantages over the previous absorbent products used to absorb runoff and industrial spillage because the adhesive layer on the pad generates a tight seal that minimizes runoff and reduces or eliminates the need for overlap, the stacking of extra absorbent product to trap the liquid, which drains through the places where the absorbent products are connected or through areas where the separations, space or capillary vessels are formed. The fastening means and / or the polygonal cross section of the absorbent structure helped to better promote contact between the pad and the first flat surface especially when compared to an absorbent product having a radial cross section and having n fastening means. This better contact or seal helps the present invention to avoid early runoff (eg, liquid runoff beyond the absorbent product before the absorbent material has been fully utilized.) This allows a more economical efficient use of the absorbent pads. Using smaller pads tends to reduce the amount of material that has to be discarded and, in some cases, the costs of disposal.

The end portion of the flexible cover can also be used to create a seal between the end portion of an absorbent pad and an adjacent structure or wall as illustrated in FIG. 8. In particular, FIG. 8 shows an absorbent pad 10 on a first surface 52 and an abutting relationship with a second surface 54 intersecting first surface 52. Absorbent pad 10 is shown adhered to first surface 52 and end portion 50 of absorbent pad 10 is tightly adhered to second surface 54 for create a liquid seal or barrier. Such a seal or barrier can be used to direct the liquid, control the flow of liquid, collect the liquid, as well as retain the liquid so that it can be absorbed by the absorbent pad.

One aspect of the present invention encompasses an elongated liquid absorbent pad for collecting spilled liquids and runoffs in which the pad includes: (1) an essentially coherent liquid absorbent structure formed of a matrix of fibrous material having an essentially cross section polygonal, a specific gravity of less than about 0.05, and an absorbance of gram fluid per gram of more than about 10; and (2) a flexible liquid permeable cover enclosing the absorbent structure and having extensions beyond the ends d thereof. According to the inventionThe essentially coherent absorbent structure has the advantage of a relatively low specific gravity density because it is formed from a matrix of fibrous material unlike many other products used to control spillage runoff. Generally speaking, an absorbent structure formed of a matrix of a fibrous material according to the present invention and having a specific gravity of less than about 0.05 is associated with desirable levels of gram absorbency per gram of L.Cuuides such as oil. and / or aqueous liquids.

For example, the essentially coherent liquid absorbent structure can have a specific gravity d less than about 0.04. As another example, the essentially coherent liquid absorbent structure can have an absorbance of gram liquid per gram of more than about d 15. As yet another example, the essentially coherent liquid absorbent structure can have a liquid absorbance of gram per gram. of more than around 20.

The essentially coherent liquid absorbent structure is made of the materials as described above and has the general configurations described above. The liquid-permeable and flexible cover was also formed from the materials described above and has the characteristic attributes described above.

The present invention also encompasses a system method for collecting spilled and drained liquids. The system involves: (1) provide an elongated liquid absorbent pad that includes: - an absorbent structure - of essentially coherent liquid formed from a matrix of fibrous material having an essentially polygonal cross-section; a cover permeable to the flexible liquid enclosing the coherent absorbent structure and having extensions beyond the ends thereof; Y fastening means on at least a part of the cover permeable to liquid; and (2) securing the elongated liquid absorbent pad to a surface using the securing means d so that the liquid absorbent pad is configured to collect run-off and liquid spills.

The extended liquid absorbent pad can be used in a variety of configurations in the practice of the present invention. For example, Figure 9 is an illustration of an example absorbent pad 10 adhered around a vertical pipe 60 so that it is configured to collect liquids that run from a valve 62. Figures 10A and 10B are illustrations of multiple pads absorbers 10 adhered together to function as a substitute for a drip tray In particular, Fig. 10A shows the multiple absorbent pads 10 attached or bonded together in parallel Fig. 10B shows the multiple absorbent pads connected in series radially wound. A first pad 10 'at the center is adhered to itself to form a bobbin.Other pad 10"is attached or adhered to the terminal part and the circumference of the first pad and then to itself to be wrapped around to form a bobbin higher. Another pad 10"is attached or adhered to the bobbin to form an even larger bobbin, Figure 11 is an illustration of an example absorbent pad 10 attached or adhered around a horizontal pipe 64 as configured to collect liquids. Such runs can occur, for example, in pipe joints For the purposes of the present invention, the horizontal pipe 64 in Figure 11 is also representative of a rotating drive shaft, of a reciprocating ej. of a vibrating shaft, a flexible shaft or other moving, vibrating or rotating device or component As discussed above, the absorbent pad can be adhered to such moving or moving articles Figure 12 is an illustration of an absorbent pad exemplary 10 applied the base of a machine 66 to absorb runoff L absorbent pad can be attached or adhered to the base The pad can be placed on the base of the machine if you use the adhesive. As discussed above, the present invention encompasses absorbent pads which can be used without engaging the adhesive strip or which still lack a strip of adhesive or other fastening means. The absorbent pad can also be adhered to the underside of a machine, to a component or moving element of a machine or to other places where conventional absorbent products without the adhesive strip will be dislodged.

Figure 13 is an illustration of exemplary absorbent pads 10 adhered to a work surface or workbench 68 for absorbing spills. Figure 14 is an illustration of absorbent pads d example 10 applied to a floor or other flat surface 70 for controlling a spill 72. In this embodiment, the absorbent pads may be adhered or fastened to the floor or the pads may be placed on the floor. unused floor and adhesive. As discussed above, the present invention encompassed absorbent pads that lack an adhesive strip pads which can be used without engaging the adhesive strip. Figure 15 is an illustration of exemplary absorbent pads 10 applied to the exterior of a recipient 74 for absorbing spills, splashing or for absorbing condensation that may appear on a cooled container under certain conditions such as, for example, high humidity. The example absorbent pads applied to a recipient in this manner may also be used to shield or protect the container.

Figure 16 is an illustration of an absorbent pad 10 adhered to an exemplary device 76 for cleaning liquids. The device 76 may, for example, be a simple "T" stick having a handle 78 and a head 80 to which one or more absorbent pads can be mechanically attached and / or bonded. It is contemplated that in this configuration, the absorbent pad may also be used to apply liquids, to apply or remove particulate materials (eg, dust, sawdust, etc.) and the like.

Figure 17 is an illustration of an example absorbent pad bent back on itself clamped and / or adhered in position using the adhesive layer so that it can be used as a wadding or cleaning product of a very high capacity or a liquid apiicador product. In this embodiment, the absorbent pad can be held in the hand. In other embodiments, the absorbent pad may be joined together to be used or may be snapped together to be attached to a device or stick for cleaning or application of liquid.

Certain characteristics of the example absorbent pads of the present invention are illustrated by the following examples. "It should be understood that these examples are illustrative only.

Dynamic Performance Test for Liquid Absorbent and Spill Control Products Various absorbent products were tested to simultaneously measure one's ability to 1) absorb a challenge liquid (eg, oil, acid, caustic, cooling emulsion solvent, etc.); and 2) controlling or retaining a constant height of that liquid. The test was designed to simulate an industrial spill situation in the real world.

In each test, the absorbent product was placed in a test tray which simulated a trough channel. The absorbent product was placed through the open end to block the passage of the liquid while being subjected to a constant head or height of liquid. E liquid runoff beyond the absorbent product fu collected in a drip collection tray. The absorption rate was determined by measuring the change in the weight distribution of liquid in the test device by applying the appropriate calculations. The liquid rate was determined by measuring the change in the weight of the liquid in the run-off collection tray.

Apparatus The tests were carried out using a test patent which has three fixed walls of about 3 inch in height and one open end with an adjustable / retractable wall. The absorbent products were placed through the open end of the tray. If necessary, the adjustable / retractable wall was used to accommodate the various sizes of the absorbent products tested. The tested products ranged from around 20 inches to 50 inches in length. The bottom and back of the retractor wall was lined with rubber to prevent the flow of fluid. The test tray was made of inert plastic, but other materials such as concrete or metal can be used to simulate different spill surface conditions.

The tray was 24 inches long p about 50 inches wide. Its gender size provided a large reservoir area to accommodate or rapid fluid absorption with minimal changes in liquid height challenged (? H).

In each test, an absorbent product f placed along the open end of the tray. The sticks protruding from the open end of the tray and the side walls prevented the absorbent product from moving. To prevent preliminary absorption of the fluid, a thin plastic film (eg, SARAN® wrap) was wrapped through the absorbent product and it was secured against the side walls of the test tray until the test tray was filled to the challenged height (? h) with the liquid.

A piece of metal was fastened to the base of the test tray through the full end to deflect the liquid that runs off to a drip pan. This piece of metal was extended from the base of the test tray at an angle of 45 degrees and by a length of about an inch toward the drip tray.

During each test, the test tray rests on a pivot frame at approximately the center of gravity of the test tray. The pivoting frame consisted of two metal sheets joined together to form a "A" frame having a rounded rather than sharp apex.

The front end of the test tray rested on top of a dome (half sphere) which in turn rested on an electronic scale (scale A) that continuously recorded the load applied to the front end of the test tray. The balance is placed on a laboratory jack so that the height of the scale can be adjusted to ensure that the test tray is level before running a test. The initial load of the scale is modified by changing the distance from the pivot frame to the balance.

The electronic balance was a Metle Scale (Model PM 4600) with an RS232 output connected to a computer that recorded all the data. The balance was a zero deflection scale so that a load is applied to the top of the balance, an inductive coil inside the balance exerts a reverse force on the top of the balance. Therefore, despite an increase in load, the height of the top of the balance remains unchanged and there is no deflection in the downward direction. This is critical to keep the test tray constantly at level during the test procedure so that the electronic balance only records a change in weight due to the liquid absorbed by the absorbent product. That is, the reading of the electronic balance increases as the absorbing product absorbs the liquid.

An air-proof container was used to contain a reservoir of challenge fluid. The container was placed in the center of the test tray and was designed to maintain a constant fluid height in the test tray during a test. This was achieved using an adjustable breathing tube. One end of the snorkel was extended from one air-tight port on the top of the air-proof container and the other open end was mounted on a clamp to be at the height of the desired challenge liquid. (? h). At the beginning of a test, the liquid was poured out of a small opening in the bottom of an air-proof container. The small opening was eventually covered by the liquid in the test tray. After it has occurred, the liquid in the air-proof container may come out of the air-proof container (and to the test tray) only if the liquid was replaced by air drawn through a respirator tube. Once the level of the liquid in the test tray reached the open end of the breathed tube and the air was prevented from being pulled into the air proof container, the flow of liquid stopped. As the liquid was absorbed by the sample of absorbent product or the drained habers inside the drip tray, the liquid level d in the test tray was lowered slightly to reveal the open end of the ventilator tube. This simple control mechanism kept the liquid level in the test tray relatively constant.

The flow of liquid beyond the absorbent products is directed by the metal baffle inside the drip tray. A small tray with dimensions of about 28 inches by 1 inch was used for short absorbent products. A large drip tray that has "dimensions of about 5 inches by 2 inches was used for the long absorbent products." The short tray rested directly on a second electronic scale (balance B) attached to a computer which recorded the data in a manner The weight of the fluid in the patent leather can be measured directly The scale B was a Metler balance similar to balance A. The large tray rested on a fulcrum and an electronic balance so that appropriate equations were necessary to conjugate the liquid weight in the drip tray.

Test Procedure The open runoff edge of the test tray was aligned parallel to the axis of the pivot and the test tray was leveled in both length and width dimensions. The level of the tray was moved until 100 to 150 grams were recorded on the balance. electronics. The goal was to create a level tray that has a light load on the scale.

Afterwards, the test tray was weighed to obtain the dry weight (at the closest to 10 grams). The open end of the test tray was adjusted to a length d less than that of the test samples by announcing the length. For example, a product having an advertised length of 4 inches (-107 centimeters) was tested using an aperture of 10 centimeters in length at the open end of runoff e the test tray.

The test sample was placed so that the edge was in contact with the open edge of the test tray and the length dimension of the sample was parallel to the pivot. The ends of the test sample were compressed and adjusted by hand to provide the notch tighter against the vertical surfaces of the test tray. Samples having adhesive attachment means were tested using the adhesive to secure the sample against the vertical surfaces and along the open end of the test tray. Samples having a loose filler materi were adjusted to obtain a relatively uniform distribution of the material along the length at the ends of the sample.

The distance (di) between the center of a test sample, (for example center of a tubular / cylindrical test sample) and the pivot point or line was recorded. The distance (d2) from the point of contact of the balance below. the test tray and the pivot point or line was registered.

The thin plastic film, (for example the SARÁN® wrap) was placed over the length of the test sample to keep it from contacting the challenge liquid while the tray was filled. This was achieved by folding a piece of plastic film along its centerline to cover a 4-inch piece of cardboard cut to a length equal to the length of the tray opening. The film extended beyond the length of the cardboard by about 6 inches at each end The folded edge of the film-covered cardboard was placed lengthwise and against the bottom of the interior / challenge lad of the test sample. The lower ma flan of the folded film was pressed firmly against the tray surface to form a seal. The top alet of the film was unfolded to cover the challenge / inner side of the test sample creating a continuous sweep between the test sample and the liquid on the test tray until the film was removed. The cardboard was used to ensure complete loose contact along the entire length of the test sample. The extra length of the film at each end of the cardboard was used to seal both the vertical edges of the test tray.

The runoff tray was placed along and down the full length of the test sample just below the runoff deflector. The drip tray was placed directly on a second electronic balance if the test sample was expected to leave only a slow rate of runoff.

In cases where a rapid rate of runoff was expected, a balance and fulcrum placement was used. This balance and fulcrum arrangement was similar to that used for the test tray. The distance (d3) from the center of gravity of the drip tray to the fulcrum and the distance (d4) from the center of gravity of the drip tray and the balance were measured and recorded.

The level of the test tray was verified the placements of the electronic balance were recorded. A container or containers of challenge liquid was placed on the tray so that its center of gravity was directly on the pivot line. The snorkel was placed at the desired height above the surface of the test tray. The plugs in the challenge liquid containers were removed and the challenge liquid flooded the test tray.

The final adjustment to the level of the test tray was made and the electronic scale was allowed to stabilize. A balance reading was taken and recorded at the absorbed condition of zero for the test sample. _: The computer program to record the balance data under the test tray and the scale under the drip tray was started. The plastic film cover was removed by lifting it vertically at the end of the test sample in a rapid motion. The challenge liquid flooded against the ends of the test sample and moved quickly to the center of the sample. If necessary, a slight temporary pressure was applied to maintain the plastic film preventing the test tray from being lifted as the film was removed. Any liquid in excess of the plastic film was quickly returned to the test tray. The complete step requires around 5 to 10 seconds.

When a challenge liquid is absorbed by the test sample, the weight measured by the scale increases under the test tray (balance A). This increase can be expressed by the following equation: (d2 / dl) * (Reading Scale A - Initial Balance Reading A) The liquid escaping from the test sample and collected in the runoff tray is represented by an increase in the reading on the balance B. For the test samples having a rapid runoff rate (see for example figure 20) , this weight can be expressed by the following equation: [(d3 + d4) / d3] * (Reading Balance B - Reading Initial Balance B) For the test samples that have a slow rate of runoff, the weight can be expressed simply as (reading from Scale B - initial reading from Scale B).

Each test continued until: (1) the runoff tray was filled with the liquid approximately equal to or greater than 125% of the rated capacity of the test sample (eg 125% or 64 ounces for the pig1"3 ^ 3" "Original 4" gray available from New Pig®, Tipton, Pennsylvania) 2) the rate at which the liquid drained beyond an absorbing sample matched or exceeding the rate at which the sample absorbed the liquid. mediated approximately by timing the change in the two balance readings over 20 seconds.

The tests were stopped to prevent the liquid from flowing out of the air-proof container after quickly removing the test sample and weighing it to confirm the accuracy of the electronic measurements. The sample was removed by retaining it approximately horizontally to avoid excess runoff from it which could occur if it were to maintain vertically or if it would bend. Adhesively secured test samples were removed using care to avoid squeezing the test sample while it was peeled off the test tray.

Electronic data and other measurements were used to draw a time history of the performance of the test sample when the challenge liquid was subjected to a constant rate. The time was drawn on the X axis and the amount of liquid absorbed / drained was drawn on the ej Y. The initial readings of the scales were used to set the condition "zero absorbed" and "zero drained" to "zero time". The result of the tests is shown in Figures 18-21.

Figure 18 is a graphical representation of the test results of a gray cabbage oil absorbent sock described as the "original" piGraarch available from New pig ™ 31 of Typton, Pennsylvania. This product was filled with ground corn-coated alcohol-polyvinyl coated. The challenge liquid was 30% by weight of non-detergent motor oil a head or challenge height of 17 millimeters.

Figure 19 is a graphical representation of the test results of a "colored absorbent sock described as the HAZMAT PIGmarc available from New Pigraarca, Tipton, Pennsylvania." This product was filled with crushed polypropylene fibrous material coated with polyvinyl alcohol. The challenge liquid was water to a head or challenge height of 13 millimeters.

Figure 20 is a graphical representation of the test results of an oil absorbing sock described as the "Petroleum Sorbent Boom" available from Minnesota Minin & Manufacturing Corporation (3M), of San Paul, Minnesota. This product was filled with polypropylene fiber tow. E challenge fluid was non-detergent motor oil at 30% po weight at a head or challenge height of 13 millimeters.

Figure 21 is a graphical representation of the test results of an absorbent pad of example d of the present invention. The pad was composed of an absorbent structure that was formed as virgin pulp fibers (Southern softwood kraft pulp bleached [SSWK] available from Weyerhaeuser, Tacoma, Washington) plus a smaller amount of debonder and an antistatic treatment. The flexibl was a non-woven fabric of spin-linked polypropylene filaments having a basis weight of about 0.4 ounces per square yard (~ grams per square meter). The challenge d liquid was 30% by weight of non-detergent motor oil at a head or challenge height of 17 millimeters.

As can be seen in Figures 17-20, the present invention provides an efficient absorption of liquid with little drainage when compared to other absorbent products.

It is understood, however, that while numerous features and advantages of the present invention have been established in the foregoing description, together with details of the structure and function of the invention, the description is illustrative only, and changes can be made to the invention. detail, especially in matters of form, size and arrangement of the parts within the principles of the invention to the full extent indicated by the broad general meaning of the terms in which the attached clauses are expressed.

Claims

R E I V I N D I C A C I O N S

1. An elongated liquid absorbent pad to control liquids, the pad comprises an essentially coherent liquid absorbent structure formed of a matrix of fibrous material having an essentially polygonal cross-section; a cover permeable to the flexible liquid enclosing the essentially coherent absorbent structure and having extensions beyond the ends thereof; and; at least one fastening means placed on at least one part of the liquid absorbent pad.

2. The elongated liquid absorbent pad as claimed in clause 1 characterized in that the mechanical fastening means is a hook and loop fastening system.

3. The elongated liquid absorbent pad as claimed in clause 1 characterized in that the mechanical fastening means uses a magnetic fastening system.

4. The elongated liquid absorbent pad as claimed in clause 1 characterized in that the mechanical fastening means are selected from eyelets hooks, automatic fasteners, ropes, clips, appendage belts and pins.

5. The elongated liquid absorbent pad as claimed in clause 1 characterized in that the securing means comprises an adhesive layer on at least a portion of the liquid-permeable cover.

6. The elongated liquid absorbent pad as claimed in clause 1 characterized in that the essentially coherent absorbent structure also includes particulate material.

7. The elongated liquid absorbent pad as claimed in clause 1 characterized in that the cover is a non-woven fabric of a fibrous material.

8. The elongated liquid absorbent pad as claimed in clause 1 characterized in that the cover is treated to increase the liquid permeability.

9. The liquid absorbing pad elongates as claimed in clause 1 characterized in that the cover has sufficient strength so that the absorbent pad can be used to clean liquids.

10. The elongated liquid absorbent pad as claimed in clause 1 characterizes in that the securing means is adapted to secure the absorbent pad to a surface.

11. The elongated liquid absorbent pad as claimed in clause 1 characterized in that the securing means is adapted to secure the absorbent pad to another absorbent pad.

12. The elongated liquid absorbent pad as claimed in clause 1 characterized in that the securing means is adapted to secure the absorbent pad to a device for cleaning the liquid

13. The elongated liquid absorbent pad as claimed in clause 1 characterized in that the fastening means comprise a first part joined to the absorbent pad and a second part joined to a surface where the liquid is to be collected where the parts first and second are adapted to be mechanically fastened together to secure the absorbent pad to the surface.

14. The elongated liquid absorbent pad as claimed in clause 1 characterized in that the cover further comprises reinforcing elements on at least a part of the cover.

15. The elongated liquid absorbent pad as claimed in clause 1 characterized in that the essentially coherent absorbent structure includes the discrete layers of material.

16. The elongated liquid absorbent pad as claimed in clause 15 is characterized in that the essentially coherent absorbent structure further includes the particulate material.

17. The elongated liquid absorbent pad as claimed in clause 16 is characterized in that the particulate material is distributed through the essentially coherent absorbent structure.

18. The elongated liquid absorbent pad as claimed in clause 16 characterized in that the particulate material is provided as one or more discrete layers of the essentially coherent absorbent structure.

19. The elongated liquid absorbent pad as claimed in clause 1 characterized in that the layers of material have different functional properties.

20. The elongated liquid absorbent pad as claimed in clause 1 characterized in that the absorbent pad has a length of 10 meters or more.

21. A system to control liquids that includes: providing an elongated liquid absorbent pad comprising: an essentially coherent liquid absorbent structure formed of a matrix of fibrous material having an essentially polygonal cross-section; a cover permeable to liquid and flexibl enclosing the coherent absorbent structure and having extensions beyond the ends thereof, and; at least one fastening means placed on at least a part of the cover permeable to liquid and securing the absorbent pad to the elongated liquid to a surface using the securing means d so that the liquid absorbent pad is configured to control the liquids.

22. The system as claimed in clause 21 characterized in that the elongated liquid absorbent pad is secured to another elongated liquid absorbent pad.

23. The system as claimed in clause 21 characterized in that the elongated liquid absorbent pad is secured to a device for cleaning liquid.

24. The system as claimed in clause 21 characterized in that the fastening means comprise a first part joined to the absorbent pad a second part joined to a surface where the liquid will be collected where the first and second parts are adapted to be mechanically fastened together to secure the absorbent pad to the surface.

25. The system as claimed in clause 21 characterized in that the elongated liquid absorbent pad has a length of 10 meters or more. SUMMARY A liquid absorbing pad elongates to control run-off and / or collect spills liquid run-off. The pad includes: an elongated substantially coherent liquid absorbent structure formed from a matrix of fibrous material having an essentially polygonal cross section; a cover permeable to the flexible liquid enclosing the absorbent core and at least one fastening means placed on at least a part of the liquid-permeable cover. The fastening means can be a hook and loop fastening system, a magnetic fastening system, clips, automatic fasteners fasteners, eyelets, hooks, pins or the like. The fastening means can also be an adhesive layer or a combination of mechanical systems and adhesives. The fastening means are adapted to secure the absorbent pad or sock to a surface, to another absorbent pad or to a device for cleaning the liquid.