MXPA00000660A - Modulated liquid lens without spherical aberration having means for absorbing the solar energy condenser and provided with a heat plate for the absorption of high temperatures - Google Patents

Abstract

Modulated liquid lens without spherical aberration having means for the absorption of the solar energy condenser and provided with a thermal plate for the absorption of high temperatures, consisting of a modulated liquid lens formed by lenticular circular crowns with a precise and appropriate refraction index such that the light front picked up by the lens converges towards a unique focus, and presenting round terminations in the lenticular crowns;the outlet angle of each light ray can be modified in the lenticular crowns;an appropriate separation is maintained in order to avoid breaks due to expansions;all parts forming the lens are sealed at its external and internal periphery;the thermal plate is comprised of a ceramic body having a high heat resistance and having an internal cavity.

Description

MODULATED LIQUID LENS WITHOUT SPHERICAL ABERRATION PROVIDED WITH MEANS FOR THE ABSORPTION OF THE SOLAR ENERGY CONDENSER, THERMAL PLATE FOR ELEVATED ABSORPTION TEMPERATURES DESCRIPTION OBJECT OF THE INVENTION The present specification refers to a liquid lens modulated without spherical aberration provided with means for the absorption of the solar energy condenser, equipped with a thermal plate for the absorption of high temperatures, whose purpose is to present lenticular containers, in which suppressed or compensated the ends in tip of the ends of each of the lenticular containers themselves, configured as circular crowns, which in turn generated the spherical aberration of the lenses formed with the pronounced pronunciations, presenting at the same time a variation of the index of refraction in each circular crown, by means of the use of diverse fluids endowed with a suitable refractive index, determined consequently the uniform and ideal convergence of the solar flux, in order to allow the transformation of the solar flux in a beam of light of parallel rays, Using the divergent liquid lens s close to the light source.

Also in this invention it is contemplated that the angle of exit of the lenticular containers can be modified by varying the inclination of the lower face of the modulated liquid lens. It is also object of the invention, the fact that the lenticular vessels that make up the liquid lens modulated without spherical aberration, are arranged and coupled in a lattice structure, which gives it the appropriate shape, maintaining the ideal separation between them, with object to allow the dilatations that may occur, avoiding the accumulation of dirt in the resulting spaces between the lenticular containers, using to avoid this anomaly the sealing of the entire inner and outer perimeter of the containers used. It should be noted that the invention has the particularity that after the sealing of the entire liquid lens modulated, the resulting chambers are in turn filled with a fluid that has the purpose of preventing internal reflection between the two consecutive glass masses. Finally, the invention contemplates the use of a thermal plate for the absorption of high temperatures generated by a solar energy condenser, whose purpose is to receive the solar energy captured by the liquid lenses modulated or solar collectors, which properly concentrated by an absorption system, it manages that a fluid that circulates inside the thermal plate absorbs by means of the pertinent capture, the solar energy properly transformed.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention has its application within the industry dedicated to the manufacture of elements, devices and devices for the use and transformation of solar energy.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The invention patents requested in Spain with the numbers 9601033 and 9700507 define the configuration and appropriate characteristics of modulated liquid lenses (LLM), configured as solar energy condenser lenses, which are formed from a set of lenticular vessels arranged in successive circular crowns, whose set constitutes a spherical cap. The aforementioned disposition of the modulated liquid lens thus constituted, brings notable advantages in the construction of large lenticular solar collectors, mainly affecting their costs, thickness, weight, transport, installation and other circumstances. The aforementioned as registry antecedent, as well as its configuration, can be seen in figure number 1. In view of the foregoing, it has been found that the object protected in the invention patents cited above, has a very low level of spherical aberration, that is to say, deviation of the light out of focus, although nevertheless it must be indicated that the system, device or suitable element used for the absorption of the solar energy condenser (CES), based on the modulated liquid lens, requires a luminous convergence perfect, with the aim of converting the luminous cone of the liquid lens modulated into a beam of light of parallel rays of great power, presenting a minimum loss of energy and maximum possible concentration. To achieve the maximum perfection in the luminous convergence of the modulated liquid lens, the spherical aberration that prevents the concentration in the focus of the light passing through the lens must be eliminated completely and exhaustively, this deviation being so much greater, the more moves away from the optical axis, as shown in Figure 2, incorporated as illustrative of the background to which it is being mentioned, and to that end a series of modifications have been made, through which it is possible to eliminate the inconvenience of the spherical aberration, and consequent loss of energy. Regarding the thermal plate for the absorption of high temperatures, it should be noted that the applicant is aware of the existence of an invention patent applied for in Spain under number 9801025, in which the characteristics of an absorption system are defined and claimed, with a view to of transforming the luminous cone of the modulated liquid lens into a beam of light of parallel rays of great power, with the minimum loss of energy and maximum possible concentration, capable of producing high temperatures. Among other utilities and applications, the high temperature obtained by the conversion of the lens cone of the lens through the absorption system, enables various chemical processes, for which it is essential and, in particular, the pyrolysis of water, ie dissociation of the molecule of water in oxygen and hydrogen at a temperature higher than 2,000 ° C. In order to redirect the high temperature obtained from the capture of solar energy by modulated liquid lenses or solar collectors, duly concentrated by the absorption system, and in order for the temperature to be conducted by an absorption fluid, it would be necessary to have a thermal plate, which internally provided with a channel through which a fluid circulated, achieved that this fluid captured the energy by absorption. However, on the part of the applicant and outside the files mentioned above, there is no knowledge of the existence of a liquid lens modulated without spherical aberration provided with means for the absorption of the solar energy condenser, nor of a thermal plate that duly applied in collaboration with the modulated liquid lens, allows the channeling of the circulation of fluids, achieving the absorption of the high temperature generated by a solar energy condenser.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The liquid lens modulated spherical aberration provided with means for the absorption of the solar energy condenser, equipped with thermal plate for the absorption of high temperatures proposed by the invention, is in itself an obvious novelty within its specific field of application to present in its context a plurality of particular characteristics, which in collaboration with the improvements made on practically similar known application elements, manage to configure the modulated liquid lens that is advocated, as a liquid lens modulated without spherical aberration provided with means for absorbing the solar energy condenser, which being equipped with a thermal plate for the absorption of high temperatures generated by a solar energy condenser, it is achieved that the elevated temperature is captured by a fluid circulating inside a hollow plate internally, and for which I already have a cond In this case, the circulating fluid receives the logical heat of the high temperature obtained and conducted to the plate. More specifically, the liquid lens modulated without spherical aberration provided with means for the absorption of the solar energy condenser, equipped with a thermal plate for the absorption of high temperatures object of the invention, is constituted from lenticular containers that adopt a specific shape or configuration, on which the end terminations of the ends of each of the lenticular containers of the circular crowns have been suppressed or compensated, which are the cause of an important part that generates the spherical aberration of the lenses. The variation of the refractive index in each circular crown, decreasing toward the ends of the modulated liquid lens, obtained by means of the use of various fluids with an adequate refractive index, determines the uniform and ideal convergence of the solar flux, all for the purpose of that can be transformed into a beam of light of parallel rays, through a divergent liquid lens placed in the vicinity of the light source. The invention specifies that, if necessary, the exit angle of the lenticular containers can be modified by varying the inclination of the lower face of the modulated liquid lens. The lenticular vessels that make up the liquid lens without aberration, are arranged and coupled in a lattice structure, which gives it the appropriate shape between them, in order to allow the expansions that may occur, avoiding the accumulation of dirt in the resulting spaces between the lenticular containers, by sealing the entire inner and outer perimeter of such containers. It should also be noted that likewise, once the sealing of the entire modulated liquid lens has been effected, the resulting chambers are in turn filled with a fluid to avoid internal reflection between the two consecutive glass masses. On the thermal plate for the absorption of high temperatures it must be indicated that it is constituted from a body made of suitable materials to be subjected to temperatures ranging between 2,000 ° C and 3,000 ° C, having a chamber in which it dissociates the steam and water, has the appropriate porosity to allow the passage of the dissociated oxygen and hydrogen atoms, in the shortest possible time.

The thermal plate is made of a high temperature ceramic material, considered the most capable material to comply with the high temperature resistance, with adequate porosity. Oxygen and hydrogen have to move instantaneously in the opposite direction, that is, each of the elements towards opposite ends of the thermal plate, this displacement being carried out at the moment of the dissociation of the water molecule, in order to avoid its reaction, for which the thermal plate is endowed laterally with a powerful electrostatic field, which takes advantage of the ionized state of the oxygen and hydrogen atoms, at the moment of the dissociation of the water, attracting the oxygen to the positive pole, and towards the pole Negative hydrogen, after passing through the walls of the thermal plate, proceed to the cooling and subsequent storage of both elements through the evacuation channels installed for this purpose. To this end, the thermal plate has two lateral cavities, one at each end, designed to collect oxygen and hydrogen separately, once they have passed through the porous walls of the thermal plate.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, this descriptive report is accompanied, as an integral part thereof, a set of drawings in which illustrative and non-illustrative limitative, the following has been represented: Figure 1 shows the configuration and characteristics of a liquid lens condensed solar energy condenser, formed by a set of lenticular containers arranged in successive circular crowns, which set constitutes a spherical cap, used within the patents of invention cited in the background of this specification. Figure 2 shows the details in graphic representation, relating to the light convergence of the modulated liquid lens, on which it has been found the existence of problems constituting a spherical aberration that prevents the concentration in the focus of the light that passes through the lens , reference being made in this report and in particular on this figure in the inventive antecedents. Figure 3 corresponds to a schematic view of the constituent object of this invention, relating to a liquid lens modulated without spherical aberration provided with means for the absorption of the solar energy condenser, equipped with a thermal plate for the absorption of high temperatures, in which as can be observed in this graphical representation, the pointed ends of each one of the lenticular containers constituting the circular crowns, partially generating the spherical aberration of the lenses, have been eliminated or compensated.

Figure 4 shows in a simplified form the possibility of modifying the exit angle of the lenticular containers, varying the inclination of the lower face. Figure 5 shows a presentation of the way in which the liquid prism has perforated side walls to generate or allow the circulation of the fluid that composes it, in order to obtain its cooling. Figure 6 corresponds to a simplified view intended to represent how the liquid prism receives the beam of light from the diverging liquid lens, and this is diverted towards the absorbent, keeping the light source in a static position in the window of the absorbent. Figure 7 reflects an equally simplified view of the means used to achieve tracking of the focus of the modulated liquid lens, which is attached to a rail in collaboration with a motor. Figure 8 shows finally in plan and in section, the structure of the thermal plate for the absorption of high temperatures.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In view of Figures 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, it can be seen how the liquid lens modulated without spherical aberration provided with means for the absorption of the solar energy condenser, equipped with thermal plate for the absorption of high temperatures that is recommended, is constituted from lenticular containers (2), which have been deleted or compensated end terminations of the ends of each lenticular container (2) of the circular crowns, configured from them, obviating consequently partially the spherical aberration of the lenses, as shown in figure number 3. According to the variation of the refractive index in each of the decreasing circular crowns towards the ends of the modulated liquid lens, obtained by the use of various fluids, an adequate refractive index is achieved, and they determine the uniform and ideal convergence of the flow of sunlight, all This is intended so that the solar flux can be transformed into a beam of light of parallel rays, by means of the use of a divergent liquid lens located in the vicinity of the light source. The invention provides for the fact that, if necessary, the exit angle of the lenticular containers (2) can be modified., varying the inclination of the lower face (3) of the modulated liquid lens, as shown in Figure number 4. The lenticular containers (2), which make up or configure the liquid lens modulated without spherical aberration, are arranged and coupled in a lattice structure that gives it the appropriate shape, generally spherical, maintaining sufficient separation between them in order to allow the expansions that may occur, and consequently avoid the accumulation of dirt in the resulting spaces between the containers lenticular, using to avoid the aforementioned accumulation a stage of sealing around the internal and external perimeter of the aforementioned containers, and also, once the appropriate sealing of the entire liquid lens modulated, the resulting chambers are filled in turn with a fluid to avoid internal reflection between the two consecutive glass masses. The invention presents a divergent liquid lens (4), which is located at the appropriate distance from the light source, and has as its mission to achieve the appropriate light beam, by moving the divergent liquid lens (4), together with a prism (5), following the luminic focus of the modulated liquid lens. It is also contemplated in the invention, the use of a liquid prism that receives the beam of light from the divergent liquid lens (4), and deflects it towards the absorbent, keeping the light source in a static position in the window of the absorbent, 'as shown in figure number 6. In figure number 5, it can be seen how the side walls (6) of the liquid prism (5), can be provided with perforations in order to allow the circulation of the fluid that composes it , obtaining an appropriate refrigeration. The invention has a divergent lens carrier rail and liquid prism, obtaining under the carrier guide rail (7), the diverging liquid lens (4) and the liquid prism (5) move and at the same time maintain the equidistance between the liquid lens modulated and the divergent liquid lens (4), as well as the liquid prism (5). The assembly formed by the diverging liquid lens (4) and the liquid prism (5), represented in figure number 5, is attached to a chain or rack (8), which achieves its downward or upward displacement by means of the action of a motor (9) attached to the carrier rail itself (7), and controlled by sensors (10) installed in the window of the absorbent (11), in such a way that any displacement of the light source in the window of the absorbent ( 11), outside its centered position, will generate the activation of the motor (9) located on the carrier guide rail (7), which will move the set formed by the prism (59 and the diverging lens (4) in focus tracking luminance of the modulated liquid lens, as shown in figures 6 and 7. In order to keep the light beam permanently centered in the window of the absorbent (11) and in addition to the displacement of the prism in tracking of the light beam or light from of the divergent lens (4), said liquid prism (5) performs a variable rotation on its transverse axis (12), depending on the height of the sun at each instant of the day. The turn that the liquid prism (5) makes on a transverse axis (12) to keep the beam of light centered on the window of the absorbent (11), has the particularity that the base (13) of said liquid prism (5) it remains unfailingly oriented during the entire travel to a fixed point (14), and as a consequence of the aforementioned, if said base (13) of the liquid prism (5) oriented toward the fixed point (14) mentioned above is maintained, by means of the action of a tensioner (15), the liquid prism (5) will turn of "own motu", getting the necessary and sufficient angle so that the light beam remains in the desired centering position, as shown in figure number 6. The invention has a solar energy condenser, and this unit must remain at all times hermetically closed and isolated to the action of any external agent, in order to avoid the action of the external atmospheric agents that may hinder the transparency of the glass elements housed inside the solar energy condenser, and to avoid the possibility of anomalies, the solar energy condenser incorporates in the upper part of the fixed structure, a circular channel (16) filled with fluid, in which a skirt is inserted integral with the mobile structure, like a gusset (17), which prevents the entrance of the outside atmosphere, as shown in figure number 6. In order to avoid the uncontrolled action of the modulated liquid lens focus, the invention has in its installation, and specifically in its internal zone located under the modulated liquid lens, an extendable obscurator (18), made of an appropriate material, which has the mission of preventing the passage of light when it is not required, or when the focus is out of control, in order to avoid damage to the internal elements of the solar energy condenser, the expandable darkening (18) being controlled by automatic opening and closing sensors. Following the figure number 8, it can be observed how the thermal plate for the absorption of high temperatures, is constituted from a body (22) made of ceramic material of high thermal resistance, which acts at the same time as a semipermeable membrane, having the porosity suitable to allow the passage of the oxygen and hydrogen atoms with great rapidity, presenting at least three differentiated zones configured with a central cavity (23), in which the dissociation of the water vapor is carried out, and two lateral cavities (24) and (24 ') to collect the hydrogen and oxygen separately, disposing laterally of a negative electrostatic field (25) and a positive electrostatic field (26), capable of instantaneously moving the hydrogen atoms towards the negative pole (25), and oxygen atoms towards the positive pole (26), forcing the atoms to pass through the walls of the body (22) for their loosening in the lateral cavities (24) and (24 '), from which they are extracted through the conduits (27) and (27') positioned respectively in connection with the cavities (24) and (24 '), to proceed to its cooling and its storage separately. As mentioned above, the body of the thermal plate is subjected to high temperatures ranging between 2,000 and 3,000 ° C, the temperature being received according to a set of lenticular vessels (21), arranged in successive crowns around a lens central, aligned by the outer spherical surface, arranging the thermal plate (22) of a chamber (23), in which the dissociation of the water vapor is carried out, having to count the material used for the manufacture of the thermal plate (22) of the suitable porosity to allow, as said above, the passage of the dissociated oxygen atoms, in a substantially reduced period of time, using the high temperature ceramic as the material suitable for the configuration of the body of the thermal plate ( 22) provided with the appropriate porosity. The oxygen and hydrogen have to move instantaneously in opposite directions, specifically at the moment of the dissociation of the water molecule, in order to avoid its reaction, for which the thermal plate (22), is endowed with two fields electrostatic (25) and (26) negative and positive respectively, which take advantage of the ionized state of the oxygen and hydrogen atoms at the time of the dissociation of the water, attracting them towards the positive pole (26) to the oxygen and to the negative pole (25). ) to the hydrogen, for later and after crossing the walls of the thermal plate (22), proceed to the cooling and subsequent storage of both elements through the evacuation channels (27) and (27 ') connected with the hollow spaces or hollow areas (24) and (24') positioned laterally, destined to receive oxygen and hydrogen by separated, once the elements have passed through the porous walls of the thermal plate (22).

Claims (11)

NOVELTY OF THE INVENTION CLAIMS

1. - A liquid lens modulated without spherical aberration provided with means for the absorption of the solar energy condenser, equipped with a thermal plate for the absorption of high temperatures, characterized by being constituted from a plurality of lenticular containers (2), lacking in terminations pointed, forming the lenticular containers (2) a plurality of circular crowns, being filled internally the lenticular containers of various fluids, provided with a refractive index determining the uniform convergence of the solar flux transformed into a beam of light of parallel rays, by the divergent liquid lens (4), placed at a point near the light source, the exit angle of the lenticular containers (2) being modified, the inclination of the lower face (3) of the modulated liquid lens varying, the containers being lenticular (2) consecutive liquid lens modulated without aberration, dispues and coupled in a lattice structure, and keeping all the lenticular containers (2) together, an adequate separation, overcoming the dilatations, all the lenticular containers (2) being sealed on their internal and external perimeter, and the resulting chambers of the seal they are filled in turn with an internal antireflection fluid, incorporated between the consecutive glass masses.

2. - The liquid lens modulated without spherical aberration provided with means for the absorption of the solar energy condenser, equipped with a thermal plate for the absorption of high temperatures, also characterized in that the divergent liquid lens (4) obtains the appropriate light beam by displacement together, with a liquid prism (5) following the luminous or luminous focus of the modulated liquid lens, formed by the hermetically sealed lenticular containers (2).

3. The liquid lens modulated without spherical aberration provided with means for the absorption of the solar energy condenser, equipped with a thermal plate for the absorption of high temperatures, according to claim 2, further characterized in that the liquid prism (5) receives the beam of light of the divergent liquid lens (4), deflecting it towards the absorbent and keeping the light focus in a static position in the window of the absorbent (11), presenting the side walls (6) of the liquid prism (5), perforations optional, through which circulates the fluid that composes it for cooling.

4. The liquid lens modulated without spherical aberration provided with means for the absorption of the solar energy condenser, equipped with a thermal plate for the absorption of high temperatures, in accordance with the previous claims, characterized in that the assembly formed by the liquid lens divergent (4) and the liquid prism (5), moves along a carrier guide rail (7), maintaining the equidistance between the modulated liquid lens, the diverging liquid lens (4), and the liquid prism (5).

5. - The liquid lens modulated without spherical aberration provided with means for the absorption of the solar energy condenser, equipped with a thermal plate for the absorption of high temperatures, according to the previous claims, characterized in that the assembly formed by the divergent liquid lens ( 4) and the liquid prism (5), is attached to a chain or rack (8), moving downward or upward by the action of a motor (9) attached to the carrier rail itself (7), being controlled by sensors (10) installed in the window of the absorbent (11), controlling any displacement of the light source on the window of the absorbent (11), out of its centered position, activating the motor (9) located on the guide rail (7). ), displacing the set formed by the liquid prism (5) and the diverging lens' (4) in pursuit of the luminous focus of the modulated liquid lens.

6.- The liquid lens modulated without spherical aberration provided with means for the absorption of the solar energy condenser, equipped with a thermal plate for absorbing high temperatures, in accordance with the preceding claims, further characterized in that for the orientation of the liquid prism (5) and in order to keep the light beam permanently centered in the window of the absorbent (11) , apart from the displacement of the liquid prism (5) following the light beam from the diverging lens (4), said liquid prism (5) performs a variable rotation on its transverse axis (12), depending on the height of the sun in every moment of the day.

7. - The liquid lens modulated without spherical aberration provided with means for the absorption of the solar energy condenser, equipped with a thermal plate for the absorption of high temperatures, according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotation made by the liquid prism (5) ) on its transverse axis (12), keeping the beam of light centered on the window of the absorbent (11), is effected by the action of a tensioner (15) fixed to the base (13) of said liquid prism (5), oriented towards a fixed point (14), generating the automatic rotation of the liquid prism (5), and obtaining the required angle so that the light beam remains in the requested centering position.

8.- The liquid lens modulated without spherical aberration provided with means for the absorption of the solar energy condenser, equipped with a thermal plate for the absorption of high temperatures, in accordance with the previous claims, characterized in that the solar energy condenser configured as a hermetically closed and isolated unit is located in the upper part of a fixed structure, and in particular in the interior of a circular channel (16), filled with fluid, provided internally with a skirt integral with the mobile structure in the manner of cartela (17).

9. The liquid lens modulated without spherical aberration provided with means for the absorption of the solar energy condenser, equipped with a thermal plate for the absorption of high temperatures, according to claim 8, characterized in that in the lower part of the focus of the the modulated liquid lens has an obscurator (18), made of an extensible structure and a material capable of preventing the passage of light, being controlled by automatic opening and closing sensors.

10.- The liquid lens modulated without spherical aberration provided with means for the absorption of the solar energy condenser, equipped with a thermal plate for the absorption of high temperatures, in accordance with the previous claims, of those intended for the absorption of high temperatures generated by a solar energy condenser, of those equipped with a modular liquid lens (21), formed by a set of lenticular vessels arranged in successive crowns around a central lens, aligned by the external spherical surface, also characterized by the thermal plate (22) is constituted from a body made of high temperature ceramic material, porosity beading, the body (22) of the thermal plate acting as a semipermeable membrane that allows the passage of oxygen and hydrogen atoms instantaneously , at the moment that the dissociation of the water molecule takes place, inside a chamber (2) 3), passing the molecules through the porous ceramic body of high thermal resistance to a negative electrostatic field (25) and a positive electrostatic field (26) positioned collaterally, instantaneously displacing the hydrogen atoms of the negative field (25) into a cavity (24), and the oxygen atoms of the positive pole (26) to a cavity (24 ').

11. The liquid lens modulated without spherical aberration provided with means for the absorption of the solar energy condenser, equipped with a thermal plate for the absorption of high temperatures, according to claim 10, characterized in that the cavities (24) and ( 24 ') in which the hydrogen and oxygen atoms are respectively stored, have evacuation conduits (27) and (27').