MXNL06000084A - Lost formwork comprising polyurethane foam, which is designed to receive live loads and concrete - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a polyurethane or polystyrene foam block having a sufficient thickness in order to house a light laminar structure which may be corrugated, smooth with perforations and folds or a combination of the two and which can be made from iron, aluminium or another metal, plastic, glass fibre, wood, carbon fibre, PVC, high-density polystyrene or polyurethane or high-impact polystyrene, thereby conferring the necessary load-bearing capacity and stiffness on the block so that it can be used in walls and roofs. According to the invention, the block can have different external measurements, such that it can be adapted to different project variants, and it is fixed using standard external fixing methods together with an internal fixing system which does not require the external faces of the block to be perforated. The invention is equipped with special water- and air-proof joints for use in roofs and simple joints for use in walls or ceilings. The blocks are produced using existing industrial foam facilities, but with the addition of specific moulds having internal structures added thereto. In addition, the blocks can be produced by hand using externally-reinforced foam boards.The inventive blocks provide greater thermal insulation owing to the larger foam thicknesses resulting from the design thereof. The lengths between the supports are increased without causing any deformation in relation to the internal structure. The external and internal faces of the polyurethane or polystyrene foam blocks can be covered with traditional surface finishes based on binders, weathering-resistant resins, gypsum, resins, high-density polyurethane or polystyrene or high-impact polystyrene for use in walls, facades, roofs and ceilings. The internal structure of the foam blocks constitutes a new technological innovation in the field of iron and concrete construction.

Description

LOW DENSITY POLYURETHANE FOAMS REINFORCED WITH STRUCTURAL CAPACITY OF FLEXION TO SUPPORT BY HIMSELF LIVE, CONCRETE AND WIND LOADS The present invention, as expressed in the title of this descriptive specification, refers to a lost form of polyurethane foam, with a variable thickness, width and length and lightweight corrugated laminated external reinforcement that works by adhesion with polyurethane foams. of low density, developing structural capacity of flexion to support by itself live, concrete and wind loads.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION.

The present invention relates to a lost formwork of low density polyurethane foam with lightweight corrugated sheet reinforcement glued, which may be of different materials such as iron, aluminum or other metal, plastic, fiberglass, carbon fiber, etc. PVC, polyurethane or high density polystyrene, or some other material that gives it the structural capacity of bending to support itself live, concrete or wind loads specified in its use in mezzanines and ceilings with conventional methods of subjection , with free variable distances between supports, with high thermal insulation and low weight. These lost forms have a specialized system of joints on all four sides, which provide padlocks proof of filtration of water, light or air. The use of these lost forms of polyurethane in the field of, the construction confers a new system simple, fast, economic and sustainable in the saving of 'energy and of easy handling.

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to a lost formwork of low density polyurethane foam of variable thickness, width and length with lightweight corrugated laminar outer reinforcement bonded, which works by adhesion with the polyurethane foam and which develops a structural flexural capacity to support if same live, concrete and wind loads, with free variable distances between supports. Its specialized system of joints on all four sides develop water, light and air proof locks to be used in ceilings or mezzanines, including on its surface finishes of all architectural types based on cement, resins, PVC, fiberglass, wood or lightweight concrete, which provides a new way to build with advantages of speed, simple installation, economy, high insulation, lightness, elasticity and easy handling. Its conventional way of fastening in the form of hooks bolted to polynes anchored to concrete or welded to iron, can also be used as a covering of facades or roofs of house with an integral finish.

BACKGROUND At present there is no history of similar lost forms of polyurethane foam with integral reinforcement, which may give an idea comparable to the proposed invention.

References: Patent Documents in the United States of America.- Patent Number Date Author 3772835 11/73 Cove, Tine W, Woods R 3789556 02/74 Skinner J. 4122203 10/78 Sthal S. 5842276 12/98 Asher W. Lanahan 4288962 09/81 Kavanaugh H. 4441301 04/84 Benson Henry 5921046 07/99 Hammond S. 6305142 10/01 Brisson D & Hammond S. 2002069603 06/02 Zornes D. 6564521 05/03 Hansen A & Brown P. Documents in other countries. - GB 744723 02/56 GB 980041 01/65 GB 1044555 05/65 Jennings G. GB 1018968 02/66 Farr G. GB 1019760 03/67 Otto Kreibaum GB 1110781 05/67 Barton N. & Henry GR.

GB 1182657 03/70 GB 1202871 08/70 GB 1376828 12/74 Jonhson G. GB 1465939 04/76 Jonsson O., Milaszewski E.

EP 0007975 02/80 Fingerling H. DE 19720078 02/85 Heinemann H. AT 383171B 05/87 Brauchl P DE 3813326 09/88 Fabritz G. EP 0450731 01/91 Devoogd H. US 5245809 09/93 Harrington B. E.

IT 1243533 06/94 Tabarelli S. WO 9419559 09/94 Kilpatrick A., Emblin G.

EP 0758704 02/97 Heinemann H. EP 0757136 07/97 Boedefeld H. EP 0967343 12/99 Buch H, Juergen, Clemens WO 0027617 05/00 Smith DN - Ritchie D.

WO 0036236 06/00 Zornes D. BG 102963 06/00 Kharalapiev I.

WO 2092927 11/02 Zornes D. WO 2092928 11/02 Zornes D. WO 99T4450 A 03/99 Grossman, L. DE 4416027 A 11/95 Gotz P. & Grauer H. US 4157640 A 06/79 Joannes, A US 4517782 A 05/85 Shamszadeh, K. EP 0856089 A 08/98 Jandi, Adolf US 5172532 A 12/92 Gibbar, J. GB 2365456 A 10/02 Bullivant, R US 3895469 A 07/75 Kapitan, J. 961536 6/64 Crabb, E & L US 2003233796 12/03 Walz DESCRIPTION The characteristic details of this new lost formwork of low density polyurethane foam with structural flexural capacity to withstand live loads, concrete and wind, for ceilings and mezzanines in buildings, are clearly shown in the following description and in the drawings that are attached, following the same reference signs to indicate the parts and the figures shown. Figure 1 shows an isometry of a reinforced formwork without joints with its separate external reinforcement. Figure 1 -bis shows an isometry of a reinforced formwork without joints. Figure 2 shows an isometry in bottom view. Figure 3 shows a transparent lateral elevation. Figure 4 shows a plant with specialized joints. Figure 5 shows a lateral elevation. Figure 6 shows the rear face with specialized side joints. Figure 7 shows the other side face. Figure 8 shows the front face. Figure 9 shows an isometry with lanterns. Figure 10 shows an isometry with specialized joint reinforcement.

Figure 11 shows an isometry of a set of forms. Figure 12 shows an isometry of a curved falsework. Figure 13 shows an isometry of a reinforced formwork with preparation for forming slab with T beams. Figure 14 shows an isometry of a disassembled mold without reinforcement structure. Figure 15 shows an isometry of a multiple mold without reinforcing structure. Figure 16 shows a line of cut lines in a foam cube to develop a base for floors or foundation slab. Figure 17 shows a foam base with flexure reinforcement for own weight to be used in floors or foundation slabs.

With reference to the numbered figures, a lost form of polyurethane foam without joints is shown in FIG. 1, where the upper face (1) is denoted with its millimeter grooves (13) where light corrugated sheet angles (4) will be inserted. ) which are previously prepared with polyurethane glue or hydraulic cement, it is also possible to see the lateral face (2) and the front face (3), as well as the angles (5), which will be inserted in the lower face (9) that is not visualize Figure 1-bis shows a lost form of polyurethane foam, in which the upper face (1), the side (2) and the front face (3) are denoted, as well as the corrugated sheet reinforcement (4) stuck in grooves and surface. Figure 2 shows a lost form of polyurethane foam on its underside in which the lower face (9), the side (10) and the back (H), as well as the corrugated sheet reinforcement (5) stuck together are shown in grooves and surface. Observe the holes (7) in which the clamping hooks (8) that are received in nuts' subject to the angles are inserted. Figure 3 shows a lateral elevation of the lost form of polyurethane foam in which the side face (2) is denoted as well as the corrugated laminar reinforcements (4) and (5) glued and inserted in the upper and lower faces , as well as in a vertical cut the nuts (6) and the holes (7) are denoted. Figure 4 shows a plant on its upper side of a lost form of polyurethane foam with corrugated sheet reinforcement stuck (4) and in which the upper (1), the front (3) and the rear ( 11) and (11 ') forming the specialized board (12), as well as the faces (2) and (2') forming the specialized board (14), both conduits with internal slope. Figure 5 shows a lateral elevation of a lost form of polyurethane foam with light corrugated laminar reinforcements stuck in which the upper face (1), the lower face (9), the faces (2) and (2 ') are denoted. ) that make up the specialized board (14), in the front part we can see the faces (3) and (3 ') that make up the specialized board with the upper duct (16), and in the rear part we can see the faces (ll) and (l F) forming the specialized board with the lower duct (12). All the ducts of the joints have internal slope. Figure 6 shows the rear faces (11) and (11 ') that make up the specialized joint with the lower duct (12), as well as the upper (1), lower (9) faces, the inserted angles. and glued (4) and (5), the faces (2) and (2 ') forming the specialized joint with the lower conduit (14) and the lateral faces (10 and (10') forming the specialized joint with the upper duct (18) Figure 7 shows the other lateral elevation of a lost form of polyurethane foam with light corrugated sheet reinforcement stuck in which the upper face (1), the lower face (9), the lateral ones are observed (10) and (10 ') that give training to the specialized board with its upper duct (18), also denoting the front faces (3) and (3') that make up the specialized board with its upper duct (16) , as well as the rear faces (ll) and (l F) that make up the specialized board with its lower duct (12). the front faces (3) and (3 ') that make up the specialized joint with its upper duct (16), the upper (1) and lower (9) faces, the inserted and glued angles (4) and (5) are also observed ), the side faces (2) and (2 ') the specialized joint with its lower duct (14), in addition the side faces (10) and (10') the specialized joint with its upper duct (18). In Figure 9 an isometry of a lost form of polyurethane foam is shown with its light corrugated laminar reinforcements stuck (4) on its upper face (1). It is also possible to see the linternillas (21), as well as the acrylic linternas tapas, or fiberglass (22) in the upper and lower part. You can also see the face, (2) without specialized boards. Figure 10 represents an isometry of a lost form of polyurethane foam with light corrugated laminar reinforcements stuck (4) on the face (1). The rear faces (ll) and (ll ') forming the specialized joint with its lower conduit (12) with internal slope, as well as the lateral faces (2) and (2') the specialized joint with its lower conduit are also observed. (14) with internal slope. Figure 11 shows a set of four missing forms where the face (1), the specialized board H of four corners (20), the faces (11) and (11 ') and the specialized board with its duct are observed lower (12) and faces (2) and (2 ') and the specialized board with its lower duct (14). ' Figure 12 shows an isometry of a curved lost form of polyurethane foam with light corrugated laminated reinforcements glued (4), the face (1), the lateral (2) and (2 ') and the specialized board with its conduit lower (14), as well as the rear faces (11) and (11 ') and the specialized board with its lower duct (12). Figure 13 represents an isometry of a lost form of polyurethane foam with light longitudinal and transverse reinforcements laminated corrugated lightweight (4) and (4 ') where the upper face (1), the front face (3) and the lateral i (2) and (2 '), which form the box (38) where the projection (39) of another lost form is inserted, it is also possible to see the projection (40) that is inserted in the back part (41) ) of another lost formwork. The channels (22) and (21) are also observed that upon receiving the concrete together with the skate form a slab of "T" beams.

Figure 14 represents an isometry of a mold for lost formwork of polyurethane foam that is the product of the development of a lost formwork with specialized joints. In this figure, the four specialized boards (16), (17) are represented in reverse order, (19), (35), as well as the faces (13) and (15) that shape the faces (1) and (9) of the lost form. Figure 15 shows the arrangement of molds (37) and (24) to be injected with polyurethane foam, these molds are dismantled in two parts and then the longitudinal and transverse grooves are made where the corrugated light angles are inserted. they are glued with expandable polyurethane adhesives that make them work by adhesion together with the formwork. Figure 16 shows a cube of variable measures of length, width and height. It highlights the longitudinal cutting lines (25), (26) and (27), the axis (32) and the cuts (28) that are made after separating the pieces to form a bed of reinforced foam for floors and slabs of foundation Figure 17 shows two pieces cut from a foam cube and joined on the shaft (32) that forms the channel (30). Furthermore, the channel (29) formed from the cuts (28) in the foam cube is observed. The raised piece (31) product of the cuts is denoted, and also the light corrugated laminated open angle (33) fixed with polyurethane adhesives is denoted in the millimetric groove (34) and the angle (33) without inserting.

It is mentioned in this description, that the proposed lost forms can be used in facades only with adding to the molds of manufacture, a preparation to give the lost formwork, a certain finish, that can be rustic, stone face, smooth, hammered , ribbed, with a stone finish, in resins, polyurethane or high density polystyrene, white or apparent gray cement, quarry and all the finishes currently used in the construction industry. This detailed description of the invention of a lost form of polyurethane foam reinforced with a laminar structure does not in any way attempt to limit the characteristics described, which were only shown as examples, although it includes all its variants such as the formation of the structure outer corrugated sheet, which can be made of iron, aluminum or other metal, wood, fiberglass, plastic, PVC, polyurethane or high density polystyrene or carbon fiber, but always keeping the calculation parameters of tension, compression, adhesion and cut, which along with the density variants of the foams, as their thickness, end up giving a result that encompasses all the scope of the claims listed below. The figures described establish with the aim of showing the scope that the development of the polyurethane foam structure can have, when all the requirements currently demanded in a case like this one are satisfied. The idea is based mainly on the abatement of costs and the inherent ease of handling light and resistant elements, to be able to arrive with better solutions to more people in the places where the national economies do not allow it and trying to implement this new technology in benefit of many.

Claims (6)

CLAIMS Having sufficiently described my invention, I consider as a novelty and therefore, claim as my exclusive property, what is contained in the following clauses:

1. Lost forms of reinforced low density polyurethane foam with structural flexural capacity to withstand live, concrete and wind loads, characterized by having an external reinforcement inserted in grooves, subject with glues or adhesives that homogenize it, consisting of a structure of light corrugated sheet elements, which provides a great work effort of adherence when combined with the low density foam and that working together allow the development of the work efforts of tension, compression, cutting and twisting in the two materials used in combination, developing the structural load capacity of bending design necessary to support live, concrete and wind loads in its use in mezzanines and ceilings with different free lengths between supports.

2. Lost forms of reinforced low density polyurethane foam with structural flexural capacity to withstand live, concrete and wind loads, as indicated in claim 1, characterized in that the external reinforcing structure can be manufactured in different lengths, widths and thicknesses, with light corrugated sheets, in the form of trusses, channels, angles, T'es, hollow tubes or any other geometric shape that meets the working specifications of tension, compression, cut, adhesion and moment of inertia.

3. Lost forms of reinforced low density polyurethane foam with structural flexural capacity to withstand live, concrete and wind loads, as indicated in claim 1, characterized in that the external reinforcing structure can be manufactured in materials of iron, steel, aluminum or other metal or metal alloy, plastic, fiberglass, carbon fiber, PVC or polyurethane foam or high density polystyrene.

4. Lost forms of reinforced low density polyurethane foam with structural flexural capacity to withstand live, concrete and wind loads, as indicated in claim 1, characterized in that the low density material can be polyurethane foam. or polystyrene of different densities, or cellular concrete in combination with a lightweight corrugated sheet reinforcement and gluing, all of them working flexing, always keeping the ratio of the area of adherence between the reinforcement and the density of the material used, as well as with the efforts of tension, compression, cut and torsion of both materials.

5. Lost forms of reinforced low density polyurethane foam with structural flexural capacity to withstand live, concrete and wind loads, as indicated in claim 1, characterized in that it has a system of homogeneous joints designed from such designed form that when joining with other shoring they develop internal conduits that in case of liquid filtrations they are guided to the end of the formwork. It does not need extra attachments for its union and when used in ceilings or walls it does not allow the filtration of air, water or light. 17. Lost forms of reinforced low density polyurethane foam with structural flexural capacity to withstand live, concrete and wind loads, as indicated in claim 1, characterized in that the simple or multiple molds used in its manufacture, which are derived from its shape, must respect all internal and external measures of this, the internal arrangement for the formation of specialized joints, as well as the thickness of the material of the mold, resulting from the densities of the foams used, the arrangement and fixing of the reinforcement structure with its anchoring components and thus form the finished product with its design specifications. 18. Lost forms of reinforced low density polyurethane foam with structural flexural capacity to support live loads by themselves, of concrete and winds, as indicated in claim 1, characterized in that simple sheets cut from larger prisms of foam can be assembled with external lightweight corrugated sheet structures, inserted and fixed with glues, resins, as well as with cement, all this accommodated in longitudinal and transverse grooves in the upper and lower faces of the foam sheets, in addition specialized joints can be cut with hot wire, automatic cutting equipment or knives. 19. Lost forms of reinforced low density polyurethane foam with structural flexural capacity to withstand live, concrete and wind loads, as indicated in claim 1, characterized in that with the addition to the outer face of a thin slab of lightweight concrete or a surface of high density polystyrene or polyurethane bonded with urethane adhesives, working in conjunction with the structure foam-reinforcement laminar corrugated, develop a load capacity of bending compared to concrete and steel in lengths longer between supports and without deformations, used as mezzanines or ceilings, as well as a protection against the weather. 20. Lost forms of reinforced low density polyurethane foam with structural flexural capacity to withstand live, concrete and wind loads, as indicated in claim 1, characterized in that in specialized longitudinal and transverse joints, the joints have ducts that collect the flows in case of water leaks, discharging them at the free ends when they are used in ceilings. 22. Lost forms of reinforced low density polyurethane foam with structural flexural capacity to withstand live, concrete and wind loads, as indicated in claim 1, because they can be used as beds of reinforced foam to develop floors with concrete without temperature reinforcement and concrete foundation slabs with main reinforcement in areas with little resistance. 24. Lost forms of reinforced low density polyurethane foam with structural flexural capacity to withstand live, concrete and wind loads, as indicated in claim 1, because they can be used as a lighter in concrete slabs without need of the use of wood or iron forms, due to its structural capacity of bending to support loads by itself. 27. Lost forms of reinforced low density polyurethane foam with structural flexural capacity to withstand live, concrete and wind loads, as indicated in claim 1, because they can be used as inclined roofs with their specialized joints in houses or industries, with apparent finishes of high density polyurethane or polystyrene foams or lightweight concrete, all joined with polyurethane glues that homogenize the finish with polyurethane or polystyrene foams avoiding cracking due to temperature stresses or impact detachments. 34. Lost forms of reinforced low density polyurethane foam with structural flexural capacity to withstand live, concrete and wind loads, as indicated in claim 1, because the corrugated sheet reinforcement on the upper and lower faces serve as a base for screwing finishes such as drywall, wood, high density foam or metal or fiberglass sheets. 35. Lost forms of reinforced low density polyurethane foam with structural flexural capacity to withstand in themselves live, concrete and wind loads, as indicated in claim 1, characterized in that thin sheets of polyurethane or polystyrene foam with simple reinforcement for own weight flexion for handling and with a finish of light concrete cement-sand mixtures, marbles and crushed quarries, can be adhered with glues to existing walls of any type to provide finish and insulation. 3

6. Lost forms of reinforced low density polyurethane foam with structural flexural capacity to withstand live, concrete and wind loads, as indicated in claim 1, characterized in that it has a system designed to join four corners in a joint H that does not allow the passage of light, air or water, and that has a system of conduits with variable internal slopes that in the case of leaks guides them to a free end.