MX368279B - Transferencia de datos automatica. - Google Patents

Transferencia de datos automatica.

Info

Publication number
MX368279B
MX368279B MX2016012084A MX2016012084A MX368279B MX 368279 B MX368279 B MX 368279B MX 2016012084 A MX2016012084 A MX 2016012084A MX 2016012084 A MX2016012084 A MX 2016012084A MX 368279 B MX368279 B MX 368279B
Authority
MX
Mexico
Prior art keywords
transfer
data
data transfer
automatic data
request
Prior art date
Application number
MX2016012084A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
MX2016012084A (es
Inventor
C Noe James
J Cowen Michael
W Judge Edward
Ladds Anouska
Original Assignee
Mastercard International Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mastercard International Inc filed Critical Mastercard International Inc
Publication of MX2016012084A publication Critical patent/MX2016012084A/es
Publication of MX368279B publication Critical patent/MX368279B/es

Links

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/38Payment protocols; Details thereof
    • G06Q20/40Authorisation, e.g. identification of payer or payee, verification of customer or shop credentials; Review and approval of payers, e.g. check credit lines or negative lists
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/22Payment schemes or models
    • G06Q20/24Credit schemes, i.e. "pay after"
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/30Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks
    • G06Q20/32Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks using wireless devices
    • G06Q20/322Aspects of commerce using mobile devices [M-devices]
    • G06Q20/3226Use of secure elements separate from M-devices
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/30Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks
    • G06Q20/32Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks using wireless devices
    • G06Q20/327Short range or proximity payments by means of M-devices
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/30Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks
    • G06Q20/32Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks using wireless devices
    • G06Q20/327Short range or proximity payments by means of M-devices
    • G06Q20/3278RFID or NFC payments by means of M-devices
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/30Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks
    • G06Q20/34Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks using cards, e.g. integrated circuit [IC] cards or magnetic cards
    • G06Q20/352Contactless payments by cards
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/38Payment protocols; Details thereof
    • G06Q20/40Authorisation, e.g. identification of payer or payee, verification of customer or shop credentials; Review and approval of payers, e.g. check credit lines or negative lists
    • G06Q20/403Solvency checks
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/38Payment protocols; Details thereof
    • G06Q20/40Authorisation, e.g. identification of payer or payee, verification of customer or shop credentials; Review and approval of payers, e.g. check credit lines or negative lists
    • G06Q20/403Solvency checks
    • G06Q20/4037Remote solvency checks
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/38Payment protocols; Details thereof
    • G06Q20/40Authorisation, e.g. identification of payer or payee, verification of customer or shop credentials; Review and approval of payers, e.g. check credit lines or negative lists
    • G06Q20/405Establishing or using transaction specific rules
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/38Payment protocols; Details thereof
    • G06Q20/40Authorisation, e.g. identification of payer or payee, verification of customer or shop credentials; Review and approval of payers, e.g. check credit lines or negative lists
    • G06Q20/409Device specific authentication in transaction processing
    • G06Q20/4093Monitoring of device authentication
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q50/00Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
    • G06Q50/40Business processes related to the transportation industry
    • GPHYSICS
    • G07CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07BTICKET-ISSUING APPARATUS; FARE-REGISTERING APPARATUS; FRANKING APPARATUS
    • G07B15/00Arrangements or apparatus for collecting fares, tolls or entrance fees at one or more control points
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q2240/00Transportation facility access, e.g. fares, tolls or parking
    • GPHYSICS
    • G07CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07CTIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/20Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass

Landscapes

  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Accounting & Taxation (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Strategic Management (AREA)
  • General Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Finance (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Economics (AREA)
  • Development Economics (AREA)
  • Marketing (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Human Resources & Organizations (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Primary Health Care (AREA)
  • Tourism & Hospitality (AREA)
  • Financial Or Insurance-Related Operations Such As Payment And Settlement (AREA)
  • Communication Control (AREA)
  • Computer And Data Communications (AREA)
  • Information Transfer Between Computers (AREA)

Abstract

En la presente se describe un método implementado por computadora para solicitar una transferencia de datos, el método comprende: transmitir una primera solicitud de una transferencia de datos en respuesta al uso de un dispositivo de usuario: determinar que la primera solicitud de la transferencia de datos se ha rechazado; detectar un evento que indica que la transferencia de datos en respuesta al uso del dispositivo de usuario puede aceptarse; y transmitir una segunda solicitud para la transferencia de datos dependiendo de la detección de que ha ocurrido el evento.
MX2016012084A 2014-03-19 2015-03-02 Transferencia de datos automatica. MX368279B (es)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1404907.6A GB2524282A (en) 2014-03-19 2014-03-19 Automatic data transfer
PCT/GB2015/050606 WO2015140503A1 (en) 2014-03-19 2015-03-02 Automatic data transfer

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
MX2016012084A MX2016012084A (es) 2017-05-23
MX368279B true MX368279B (es) 2019-09-26

Family

ID=50635030

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
MX2016012084A MX368279B (es) 2014-03-19 2015-03-02 Transferencia de datos automatica.

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (2) US9727865B2 (es)
EP (2) EP4213087A1 (es)
KR (1) KR20160134806A (es)
CN (1) CN106462854A (es)
AU (2) AU2015233169A1 (es)
BR (1) BR112016021424A2 (es)
CA (1) CA2943590C (es)
GB (1) GB2524282A (es)
MX (1) MX368279B (es)
MY (1) MY179156A (es)
NZ (2) NZ743803A (es)
RU (1) RU2656816C2 (es)
SG (1) SG11201607797XA (es)
WO (1) WO2015140503A1 (es)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2524282A (en) 2014-03-19 2015-09-23 Mastercard International Inc Automatic data transfer
US11023888B2 (en) * 2015-06-09 2021-06-01 Worldpay, Llc Systems and methods for management and recycling of payment transactions
RU2723459C1 (ru) * 2019-07-30 2020-06-11 Публичное Акционерное Общество "Сбербанк России" (Пао Сбербанк) Способ и система для оплаты услуг
US20230060707A1 (en) * 2021-09-02 2023-03-02 The Toronto-Dominion Bank Systems and methods for including a data acceptance condition in a data transfer proposal

Family Cites Families (43)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7809650B2 (en) * 2003-07-01 2010-10-05 Visa U.S.A. Inc. Method and system for providing risk information in connection with transaction processing
GB0401570D0 (en) * 2004-01-24 2004-02-25 Guaranteed Markets Ltd A transaction management system and method
KR20080014035A (ko) * 2005-05-16 2008-02-13 마스터카드 인터내셔날, 인코포레이티드 교통 시스템에서 비접촉식 지불 카드를 사용하는 방법 및시스템
WO2006135779A2 (en) * 2005-06-10 2006-12-21 American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. System and method for mass transit merchant payment
US7828204B2 (en) 2006-02-01 2010-11-09 Mastercard International Incorporated Techniques for authorization of usage of a payment device
USH2252H1 (en) * 2006-09-27 2011-01-04 Vesta Corporation Integrated pre-collections system
US8881971B2 (en) * 2008-10-10 2014-11-11 Visa U.S.A. Inc. Transit agency as an issuer and/or program manager of prepaid products
US7527208B2 (en) * 2006-12-04 2009-05-05 Visa U.S.A. Inc. Bank issued contactless payment card used in transit fare collection
US8523069B2 (en) * 2006-09-28 2013-09-03 Visa U.S.A. Inc. Mobile transit fare payment
US8118223B2 (en) * 2006-09-28 2012-02-21 Visa U.S.A. Inc. Smart sign mobile transit fare payment
US8346639B2 (en) * 2007-02-28 2013-01-01 Visa U.S.A. Inc. Authentication of a data card using a transit verification value
US8738485B2 (en) * 2007-12-28 2014-05-27 Visa U.S.A. Inc. Contactless prepaid product for transit fare collection
US7566003B2 (en) * 2006-12-07 2009-07-28 Specialty Acquirer Llc Learning fare collection system for mass transit
US8763902B2 (en) * 2006-12-07 2014-07-01 Smart Systems Innovations, Llc Mass transit fare processing system
US7568617B2 (en) * 2006-12-07 2009-08-04 Specialty Acquirer Llc Learning fare collection system for mass transit
US8281990B2 (en) * 2006-12-07 2012-10-09 Smart Systems Innovations, Llc Public transit system fare processor for transfers
US8256666B2 (en) * 2007-01-30 2012-09-04 Phil Dixon Processing transactions of different payment devices of the same issuer account
US20080249928A1 (en) * 2007-04-06 2008-10-09 Hill Dennis J Payment card based remittance system with designation of recipient by mobile telephone number
US7958050B2 (en) * 2007-07-02 2011-06-07 Early Warning Services, Llc Payment account monitoring system and method
US7844522B2 (en) 2007-10-30 2010-11-30 Intuit Inc. Method and apparatus for monitoring and verifying a transfer of financial settings
US7567920B2 (en) * 2007-11-01 2009-07-28 Visa U.S.A. Inc. On-line authorization in access environment
US8117129B2 (en) * 2007-12-21 2012-02-14 American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. Systems, methods and computer program products for performing mass transit merchant transactions
CN101470874A (zh) * 2007-12-29 2009-07-01 阿里巴巴集团控股有限公司 利用中间平台完成交易的方法及系统
US9596359B2 (en) * 2008-06-26 2017-03-14 Visa International Service Association Mobile communication device configured for transit application
EP2469476A3 (en) * 2008-10-31 2014-08-20 Accenture Global Services Limited System for controlling user access to a service
US8915431B2 (en) * 2009-07-06 2014-12-23 Visa International Service Association Transit access system and method including device authentication
WO2011031768A2 (en) * 2009-09-08 2011-03-17 Cubic Corporation Association of contactless payment card primary account number
US20120109820A1 (en) * 2009-09-23 2012-05-03 Scott Galit Computer-Implemented Methods, Computer Program Products, and Systems for Enhanced Loan Product Repayments
GB2497021A (en) * 2010-08-25 2013-05-29 Cubic Corp Advanced decision logic for transit acceptance
US20120084164A1 (en) 2010-09-30 2012-04-05 Ayman Hammad Accumulation alerts
CA2726781A1 (en) * 2010-12-29 2012-06-29 Evgeny Lishak Methods of offline fare collection for open-loop and hybrid card systems
WO2012161808A2 (en) * 2011-02-25 2012-11-29 Visa International Service Association Direct connection systems and methods
US20120284187A1 (en) * 2011-03-15 2012-11-08 Ayman Hammad System and method for processing payment transactions
US10438299B2 (en) * 2011-03-15 2019-10-08 Visa International Service Association Systems and methods to combine transaction terminal location data and social networking check-in
WO2012142045A2 (en) * 2011-04-11 2012-10-18 Visa International Service Association Multiple tokenization for authentication
US20130138563A1 (en) * 2011-05-26 2013-05-30 Global Standard Financial, Inc. Systems and methods for prepaid merchant payment services
US8666863B2 (en) * 2011-06-29 2014-03-04 Visa International Service Association Processing monitor system and method
US8630954B2 (en) * 2011-12-15 2014-01-14 Visa International Service Association System and method of using load network to associate product or service with a consumer token
KR20130113292A (ko) * 2012-04-05 2013-10-15 주식회사 엘지씨엔에스 결재 수단을 통한 결제 방법, 이를 수행하는 결제 서버 및 모바일 단말
US20130339247A1 (en) * 2012-06-18 2013-12-19 Visa International Service Association Issuer identification and verification system
US10026119B2 (en) * 2012-09-10 2018-07-17 Google Llc Efficient transfer of funds between accounts
WO2014152419A1 (en) 2013-03-15 2014-09-25 Mastercard International Incorporated Transaction-history driven counterfeit fraud risk management solution
GB2524282A (en) 2014-03-19 2015-09-23 Mastercard International Inc Automatic data transfer

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR112016021424A2 (pt) 2017-08-15
CA2943590C (en) 2019-04-02
RU2016138460A (ru) 2018-04-24
AU2018202367A1 (en) 2018-04-26
EP4213087A1 (en) 2023-07-19
GB201404907D0 (en) 2014-04-30
KR20160134806A (ko) 2016-11-23
WO2015140503A1 (en) 2015-09-24
EP3120311A1 (en) 2017-01-25
US9727865B2 (en) 2017-08-08
AU2015233169A1 (en) 2016-10-06
US10062077B2 (en) 2018-08-28
NZ743803A (en) 2019-11-29
US20170316413A1 (en) 2017-11-02
CN106462854A (zh) 2017-02-22
GB2524282A (en) 2015-09-23
MX2016012084A (es) 2017-05-23
RU2656816C2 (ru) 2018-06-06
MY179156A (en) 2020-10-29
CA2943590A1 (en) 2015-09-24
NZ724512A (en) 2018-07-27
SG11201607797XA (en) 2016-10-28
US20150269572A1 (en) 2015-09-24

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
MX2017008820A (es) Ejecucion de solicitudes de servicios utilizando datos de ubicacion compartida.
GB2499519B (en) User presence detection and event discovery
HK1221046A1 (zh) 基於及融合用戶關係數據的搜索方法、裝置和系統
MX359586B (es) Metodo y dispositivo para proporcionar informacion para encontrar objetos.
MX2015000617A (es) Metodo y dispositivo para procesar el modo niños.
PH12016500008B1 (en) System and method for splitting a fee for an on-demand service
EP3018582A3 (en) Multi-processor device
BR112016016864A2 (pt) Solicitações dinâmicas com representações dinâmicas de ajuste automático
MX2013001208A (es) Metodos, sistemas y productos de programa basados en ubicacion para ejecutar una accion en un dispositivo de usuario.
WO2014028129A3 (en) Detecting and transmitting a redeemable document
MX2016011905A (es) Aumento de protocolo de coherencia para indicar estado de transaccion.
WO2014129967A8 (en) User input determination
WO2011153425A3 (en) Systems and methods to provide messages in real-time with transaction processing
MX2016009060A (es) Metodos y sistemas para determinar el riesgo de falla cardiaca.
WO2014150405A3 (en) Context aware localization, mapping, and tracking
EP3154481A4 (en) Method, device and system for accessing an eye-mountable device with a user interface
MX353076B (es) Sincronizacion de datos de asociacion de dispositivo entre dispositivos de computo.
IN2013CH05264A (es)
WO2018035419A8 (en) Tap and pair via proximity sensing
MX2017008245A (es) Mejora de deteccion de canal.
MX368279B (es) Transferencia de datos automatica.
WO2013192564A3 (en) Aggregating online activities
EP2966570A3 (en) Proximity-based inter-computing device negotiation
TW201613402A (en) Connection method and electronic device
TW201614507A (en) Methods and devices for finding settings to be used in relation to a sensor unit connected to a processing unit

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
FG Grant or registration