MX360190B - Role of n-2 hydroxy-ethyl-piperazine-n'-2-ethane sulfonic acid (hepes) in pain control and reversal of demyelinization injury. - Google Patents
Role of n-2 hydroxy-ethyl-piperazine-n'-2-ethane sulfonic acid (hepes) in pain control and reversal of demyelinization injury.Info
- Publication number
- MX360190B MX360190B MX2015008916A MX2015008916A MX360190B MX 360190 B MX360190 B MX 360190B MX 2015008916 A MX2015008916 A MX 2015008916A MX 2015008916 A MX2015008916 A MX 2015008916A MX 360190 B MX360190 B MX 360190B
- Authority
- MX
- Mexico
- Prior art keywords
- hepes
- piperazine
- reversal
- hydroxy
- role
- Prior art date
Links
- JKMHFZQWWAIEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OCC[NH+]1CCN(CCS([O-])(=O)=O)CC1 JKMHFZQWWAIEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract 4
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 title abstract 2
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 title 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 title 1
- 239000007995 HEPES buffer Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 208000028698 Cognitive impairment Diseases 0.000 abstract 1
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 abstract 1
- 208000012902 Nervous system disease Diseases 0.000 abstract 1
- 208000025966 Neurological disease Diseases 0.000 abstract 1
- 208000007271 Substance Withdrawal Syndrome Diseases 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001430 anti-depressive effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000935 antidepressant agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229940005513 antidepressants Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- 229940049706 benzodiazepine Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001557 benzodiazepines Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002512 chemotherapy Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 208000010877 cognitive disease Diseases 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 208000015122 neurodegenerative disease Diseases 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000626 neurodegenerative effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000926 neurological effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
- A61K31/4965—Non-condensed pyrazines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P21/00—Drugs for disorders of the muscular or neuromuscular system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/02—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for peripheral neuropathies
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/04—Centrally acting analgesics, e.g. opioids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/14—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abnormal movements, e.g. chorea, dyskinesia
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/14—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abnormal movements, e.g. chorea, dyskinesia
- A61P25/16—Anti-Parkinson drugs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/18—Antipsychotics, i.e. neuroleptics; Drugs for mania or schizophrenia
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/24—Antidepressants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/30—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abuse or dependence
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
- A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Neurology (AREA)
- Neurosurgery (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Psychiatry (AREA)
- Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
- Psychology (AREA)
- Addiction (AREA)
- Hospice & Palliative Care (AREA)
- Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
- Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
- Rheumatology (AREA)
- Dermatology (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
Abstract
Compositions and therapeutic uses of HEPES and derivatives in the treatment of pain associated with cancers and side-effects including post-chemotherapy cognitive impairment are disclosed herein. HEPES is also used to treat neurodegenerative and neurological diseases, demyelinization injuries, and side-effects and withdrawal symptoms associated with benzodiazepines, anti-depressants, and other neurological agents.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US24346409P | 2009-09-17 | 2009-09-17 | |
PCT/US2010/049405 WO2011035212A2 (en) | 2009-09-17 | 2010-09-17 | Role of n-2 hydroxy-ethyl-piperazine-n'-2-ethane sulfonic acid (hepes) in pain control and reversal of demyelinization injury |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
MX360190B true MX360190B (en) | 2018-10-24 |
Family
ID=43757159
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
MX2012003212A MX2012003212A (en) | 2009-09-17 | 2010-09-17 | Role of n-2 hydroxy-ethyl-piperazine-n'-2-ethane sulfonic acid (hepes) in pain control and reversal of demyelinization injury. |
MX2015008916A MX360190B (en) | 2009-09-17 | 2010-09-17 | Role of n-2 hydroxy-ethyl-piperazine-n'-2-ethane sulfonic acid (hepes) in pain control and reversal of demyelinization injury. |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
MX2012003212A MX2012003212A (en) | 2009-09-17 | 2010-09-17 | Role of n-2 hydroxy-ethyl-piperazine-n'-2-ethane sulfonic acid (hepes) in pain control and reversal of demyelinization injury. |
Country Status (18)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (4) | US8883855B2 (en) |
EP (3) | EP2477626A4 (en) |
JP (4) | JP2013505264A (en) |
KR (1) | KR101737775B1 (en) |
CN (4) | CN103977405A (en) |
AR (1) | AR078290A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2010295445B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR112012006155A2 (en) |
CA (3) | CA3122553A1 (en) |
HK (1) | HK1199621A1 (en) |
IL (2) | IL264055B2 (en) |
IN (1) | IN2012DN02499A (en) |
MX (2) | MX2012003212A (en) |
MY (2) | MY159626A (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ598861A (en) |
SG (3) | SG179191A1 (en) |
TW (2) | TWI562777B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2011035212A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AR078290A1 (en) | 2009-09-17 | 2011-10-26 | North Texas Medical Ass | PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION FUNCTION OF THE N-2-HYDROXY-ETIL-PIPERAZIN-N`-2-ETHANOSULPHONIC ACID (HEPES) IN PAIN CONTROL AND PREVENTION OF DEMELINIZING INJURY. METHOD TO TREAT PAIN. |
ES2851678T3 (en) | 2014-07-21 | 2021-09-08 | Glia Llc | Method for the treatment of cognitive or emotional impairment associated with radiotherapy and cannabinoid chemotherapy |
AU2016255853B2 (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2021-08-05 | Newsouth Innovations Pty Limited | Targeting NAD+ to treat chemotherapy and radiotherapy induced cognitive impairment, neuropathies and inactivity |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AU641529B2 (en) | 1990-07-30 | 1993-09-23 | Bloomfield D.A. | Zwitterionic compounds and their N-halo derivatives for use in the treatment of clinical conditions |
US5840294A (en) * | 1993-03-29 | 1998-11-24 | Queen's University At Kingston | Method for treating amyloidosis |
US5643562A (en) * | 1993-03-29 | 1997-07-01 | Queen's University Of Kingston | Method for treating amyloidosis |
EP0781290B1 (en) | 1995-07-06 | 2008-05-21 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Hydrolyzable and polymerizable or addition-polymerizable silanes |
US5716959A (en) * | 1996-02-13 | 1998-02-10 | T. Ronald Theodore | Method of treating disease with piperazine zwitterion compounds |
DK1054664T3 (en) * | 1998-02-11 | 2012-11-05 | Bhi Ltd Partnership | Method for modulating macrophage activation |
EP1809288B1 (en) | 2004-11-10 | 2011-09-14 | Institut National De La Sante Et De La Recherche Medicale (Inserm) | Use of 1,4-bis (3-aminoalkyl) piperazine derivatives in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases |
JP2010532331A (en) * | 2007-07-05 | 2010-10-07 | アンセルム(アンスチチュ ナショナル ドゥ ラ サンテ エ ドゥ ラ ルシェルシュ メディカル) | Anticonvulsant pharmaceutical composition |
EP2011491A1 (en) | 2007-07-05 | 2009-01-07 | Institut National De La Sante Et De La Recherche Medicale (Inserm) | Anticonvulsive pharmaceutical compositions |
EP2163246A1 (en) * | 2008-09-12 | 2010-03-17 | INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) | Taurine or taurine-like substances for the prevention of the irreversible visual effects of vigabatrin |
CN102598332A (en) | 2009-09-04 | 2012-07-18 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | Dye sensitised solar cell |
AU2014206220B2 (en) | 2009-09-17 | 2016-09-29 | Bespoke Bioscience, Llc | Role of n-2 hydroxy-ethyl-piperazine-n'-2-ethane sulfonic acid (hepes) in pain control and reversal of demyelinization injury |
AR078290A1 (en) | 2009-09-17 | 2011-10-26 | North Texas Medical Ass | PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION FUNCTION OF THE N-2-HYDROXY-ETIL-PIPERAZIN-N`-2-ETHANOSULPHONIC ACID (HEPES) IN PAIN CONTROL AND PREVENTION OF DEMELINIZING INJURY. METHOD TO TREAT PAIN. |
-
2010
- 2010-09-17 AR ARP100103407A patent/AR078290A1/en unknown
- 2010-09-17 NZ NZ598861A patent/NZ598861A/en unknown
- 2010-09-17 MX MX2012003212A patent/MX2012003212A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2010-09-17 WO PCT/US2010/049405 patent/WO2011035212A2/en active Application Filing
- 2010-09-17 US US12/885,404 patent/US8883855B2/en active Active
- 2010-09-17 CA CA3122553A patent/CA3122553A1/en active Pending
- 2010-09-17 MY MYPI2012001195A patent/MY159626A/en unknown
- 2010-09-17 BR BR112012006155A patent/BR112012006155A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2010-09-17 CN CN201410166019.3A patent/CN103977405A/en active Pending
- 2010-09-17 CA CA2774375A patent/CA2774375C/en active Active
- 2010-09-17 MY MYPI2015002505A patent/MY174012A/en unknown
- 2010-09-17 TW TW103124615A patent/TWI562777B/en active
- 2010-09-17 JP JP2012529955A patent/JP2013505264A/en active Pending
- 2010-09-17 SG SG2012018842A patent/SG179191A1/en unknown
- 2010-09-17 EP EP10817952.4A patent/EP2477626A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-09-17 SG SG10201500510YA patent/SG10201500510YA/en unknown
- 2010-09-17 CN CN2010800521032A patent/CN102612366A/en active Pending
- 2010-09-17 CN CN201811365002.5A patent/CN109224077A/en active Pending
- 2010-09-17 EP EP19161338.9A patent/EP3520794A3/en active Pending
- 2010-09-17 KR KR1020127009683A patent/KR101737775B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2010-09-17 AU AU2010295445A patent/AU2010295445B2/en active Active
- 2010-09-17 CN CN201710494640.6A patent/CN107260740A/en active Pending
- 2010-09-17 CA CA2977918A patent/CA2977918C/en active Active
- 2010-09-17 TW TW099131755A patent/TWI494106B/en active
- 2010-09-17 MX MX2015008916A patent/MX360190B/en unknown
- 2010-09-17 SG SG10202100421XA patent/SG10202100421XA/en unknown
- 2010-09-17 EP EP14191925.8A patent/EP2835133B1/en active Active
- 2010-09-17 IL IL264055A patent/IL264055B2/en unknown
-
2012
- 2012-03-15 IL IL218677A patent/IL218677B/en active IP Right Grant
- 2012-03-22 IN IN2499DEN2012 patent/IN2012DN02499A/en unknown
-
2014
- 2014-09-09 US US14/481,582 patent/US9867820B2/en active Active
- 2014-11-14 JP JP2014231168A patent/JP5974062B2/en active Active
-
2015
- 2015-01-06 HK HK15100074.2A patent/HK1199621A1/en unknown
- 2015-02-10 JP JP2015024177A patent/JP2015129150A/en active Pending
-
2016
- 2016-07-15 JP JP2016140167A patent/JP6347807B2/en active Active
-
2017
- 2017-10-04 US US15/725,007 patent/US10213425B2/en active Active
-
2019
- 2019-01-14 US US16/247,233 patent/US20190142825A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
WO2009106991A3 (en) | Pyridazine derivatives and their use as therapeutic agents in the treatment of skin disorders | |
BRPI0712322A2 (en) | compounds and combinations thereof for inhibiting beta-amyloid production and methods of using them | |
TW200800976A (en) | New compounds for the treatment of neurological, psychiatric or pain disorders | |
GB2463833A (en) | Methods and compositions for the treatment of neurological disorders | |
NZ600651A (en) | Adherent cells from placenta and use of same in disease treatment | |
IN2012DN00766A (en) | ||
IL225192A (en) | Combination of dextromethorphan and quinidine for use in the treatment of mental illness, neuropathic pain or brain injury | |
EA201791669A3 (en) | NEW THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES IN THE TREATMENT OF SMT AND RELATED DISORDERS | |
EP3195868A3 (en) | Therapeutic use of a tlr agonist and combination therapy | |
DE502005010615D1 (en) | MEDICINE FOR THE TREATMENT OF INFLAMMATORY DISEASES | |
MX2010002353A (en) | Heterocyclic amides useful for the treatment of cancer and psoriasis. | |
MX2007004882A (en) | Xanthine derivatives with hm74a receptor activity. | |
MX358618B (en) | Uses of dpp-iv inhibitors. | |
WO2007085018A3 (en) | Methods of treating or preventing inflammation and hypersensitivity with oxidative reductive potential water solution | |
WO2009046377A3 (en) | Compositions and methods of stem cell therapy for autism | |
WO2004098589A8 (en) | 4- bromo - 5 - (2- chloro - benzoylamino) - 1h - pyrazole - 3 - carboxylic acid amide derivatives and related compounds as bradykinin b1 receptor antagonists for the treatment of inflammatory diseases | |
MX361816B (en) | Slow intraventricular delivery. | |
WO2010144698A3 (en) | Methods, systems, and compositions for neuronal differentiation of multipotent stromal cells | |
WO2007135026A3 (en) | Substituted pteridines as therapeutic agents | |
WO2007150002A3 (en) | PRODRUGS OF 5-AMINO-3-(3'-DEOXY-β-D-RIBOFURANOSYL)-THIAZOLO[4,5-d] PYRIMIDIN-2,7-DIONE | |
WO2010074936A3 (en) | Enzastaurin for the treatment of cancer | |
CL2008003027A1 (en) | Compounds derived from 5,6-diaryl pyridines substituted at positions 2 and 3; intermediate compounds and their use; pharmaceutical composition; and use to treat and / or prevent psychiatric, metabolic, inflammatory disorders, for the prevention of pain, among other diseases. | |
CL2008000495A1 (en) | Compounds derived from tetrahydro-pyrazolo [4,3-c] pyridine; pharmaceutical composition; and use in the treatment of diseases such as allergies, inflammation, pain, cancer, among others. | |
GB0416508D0 (en) | Therapeutic agents | |
SG179191A1 (en) | Role of n-2 hydroxy-ethyl-piperazine-n'-2-ethane sulfonic acid (hepes) in pain control and reversal of demyelinization injury |