MX2013014435A

MX2013014435A - Electrically conductive elastomers with electrostatic dissipation and capacitance properties.

Info

Publication number: MX2013014435A
Application number: MX2013014435A
Authority: MX
Inventors: Alberto Rosas Aburto; Pedro Roquero Tejeda; Martín Guillermo Hernández Luna; Ismael Alberto Gabaldón Saucedo
Original assignee: Univ Nac Autónoma De México
Priority date: 2013-12-06
Filing date: 2013-12-06
Publication date: 2015-06-08
Also published as: WO2015084139A1

Abstract

The present invention relates to a thermoplastic elastomer compound which is electrically conductive and capacitive and is based on the combination of a polymer matrix which acts as a binding agent, in addition to being used as a matrix or substrate; a nanostructured electrically conductive compound, which has the function of conducting electricity by means of transporting electrons; and a compatibilising compound and ion conductor, the main function of which is to ensure the compatibility of the "first two components, one dispersing in the other, in addition to conducting the electricity by ion transport". According to the invention, said elastomer compound is useful mainly in the electronics industry, and preferably in the production of thin flexible rechargeable polymer batteries.

Description

ELASTOMERS ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTORS WITH PROPERTIES OF ELECTROSTATIC DISSIPATION AND CAPACITANCE FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention is related to the principles and techniques used in the Chemical Industry, as well as in Specialized Engineering in Electronic Systems, for the design and manufacture of applicable components in electronic devices, and more specifically, is related to thermoplastic elastomeric composites that are electrically conductive and capacitors, applicable in electronic devices, such as thin conductive or semiconductor layer in galvanic cells for energy storage, in the manufacture of thin and flexible rechargeable polymer batteries, among many other applications.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The manufacture of electronic devices is one of the most dynamic and fastest growing areas in terms of business opportunities, due to the growing demand for portable devices, cell phones, computers, tablets and gadgets of all kinds for work, entertainment or other purposes This generates vast areas of business that represent new emerging markets for those interested. One of these markets is one dedicated to the manufacture of printed electronic devices.

Printed electronic systems, is the designation given to a whole new technological line dedicated to the manufacture of electronic devices through processes or "traditional printing" technologies such as flexography, gravure, offset, screen, inkjet, laser ablation, vacuum deposition in large format areas, lithography in all its variants, and other rolling printing techniques that adhere thin films of electro-active or electrically conductive materials to generate thin, lightweight products, flexible, in addition to conceptualize those same products and their manufacturing processes as friendly to the environment.

These key advantages, which are mainly offered by organic compounds in conjunction with printed electronics, allow the generation of a large variety of electronic components that can be produced and integrated at a low cost directly on the production line of larger components. Organic compounds for printed electronics are a technological platform, based on the combination of new materials and accessible raw material costs that allow mass production of components, opening the way to new fields of application.

Smart packaging for electrostatic protection, radio frequency identifiers (RFID) accessible in cost as substitutes for bar codes in supermarkets, folding screens, flexible solar cells, portable devices for medical diagnosis, portable video games, batteries printed and flexible, are just some of the examples of the promising fields of applications of organic materials for printed electronics, based on the mass production of semiconductor and electrically conductive materials.

The majority of organic compounds for printed electronics point as their main market to affect mobile devices, but in these there is a key factor that limits them, the autonomy of the device, this is the power supply and the time that this power supply lasts. Thus, the implementation of flexible batteries in mobile devices is important for the breakthrough of these technologies.

Currently thin and flexible batteries are available to the public for some isolated applications, but work is being done to improve their capacitance, allowing their continuous use over long periods, as well as their power to withstand high energy demands in short periods of time. It is also known that prototypes of said flexible batteries are integrated into textiles and clothing, packaging and other everyday things so that they serve in addition to their primary function, as rechargeable batteries in required cases.

Currently there is a growing diversity of companies that manufacture flexible printed batteries; however, said batteries are typically limited by their power density. Usually printed flexible batteries are contained in metal sheets which limits the possibility of direct integration with other organic printed devices.

The key to the success of flexible organic batteries is to take into account a series of parameters associated with the properties of the materials or the battery as a whole, as well as aspects such as the layer thickness of the films printed on the battery, the conductivity ionic to achieve a high power density, thermal stability, gas permeation (air) and humidity that should be the lowest possible to ensure a long life to the battery, its flexibility and ability to bend, its cover should be flexible waterproof, mechanically resistant.

For its part, the assembly of flexible organic batteries can be summarized as a sandwich that has as a filler a thin layer of a semiconductor that will store ions and that is capable of providing maximum mobility for its best performance and that this layer find between two electrically conductive films deposited on an appropriate support or flexible substrate.

The technology of electrically conductive thin films and their respective supports is a vast area of study, where it is possible to find all kinds of solutions, both in the nature of the materials, as well as in their manufacturing processes, making it feasible find an "a doc" solution for this requirement of flexible organic batteries.

However, the electrically semiconducting film, layer or flexible plate that is the heart of flexible organic batteries, has almost no technically competent new options, much less economically attractive. The selection of materials is restricted to few options that cover all the demands necessary for the manufacture of flexible organic batteries. Notwithstanding the above, elastomeric electrically conductive or semiconducting materials could fit in many of the requirements and demands for said batteries, since films or thin and flexible layers can be generated, which are easily processed, especially if they are thermoplastic, since which are thermally and mechanically stable under a wide range of environmental conditions and can serve as an adherent layer between the conductive layers. The main problem is that elastomers, far from being electrically conductive, in common form are insulating materials, unable to conduct electricity.

In spite of the above, various research groups and companies have developed ways of modifying elastomers, from insulating materials transforming them into electrically conductive materials, passing through semiconductors or electrostatic dissipaters.

While there are reports of elastomers to which inorganic, metallic or other inherently conductive polymers are added, to make them electrically conductors, such is the case of the North American Patent Series No. 5,143,967 which refers to a composition of rubber cured by sulfur composed of selected natural rubber and carbon black to detect the pressure applied with reference to the sinusoidal electric energy.

Also, International Publication No. W01994 / 025966 discloses a conductive polymer comprising a polymer and zinc oxide particles and having a substantially rod form.

International Publication No. W01995 / 022151 relates to an electrically conductive elastomer composition comprising a thermoplastic polymer and an aniline doped polymer. A problem in the preparation of electrically conductive elastomer compositions is the lack of thermoplasticity of the conductive component of electricity, which hinders the processing and obtaining a homogeneous product. This problem has now been solved by having the polymer doped with aniline being a substantially thermoplastic polymer doped with aniline which is obtained by reacting a functionalized protic acid with a homogeneous conjugated copolymer or comprising at least one substituted aniline and / or non-substituted aniline. replaced. The protic acid functionalizes the aniline polymer, either by being heated together with the aniline polymer at a temperature of 80 ° C - 250 ° C or by being heated together with the aniline polymer and a solvent and the solvent being evaporated. The elastomer composition is also composed of a plasticizer which plasticizes the polymer doped with aniline and promotes its flow, preferably a metal compound with a plasticizing effect, such as a reaction product of zinc oxide and dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid.

One of the first research groups that took an important step in obtaining electrically conductive elastomers was the Nokia Kalle Hanhi and collaborators in Optatech Oy, who generated one of the most relevant patent families in the field, namely: US5993696, DE69630453T2, AU199666603A, EP843703B1, FI199503803A, JP11510839A, KR491473B1, W01997 / 006213A1. The invention of Optatech Oy is described as the mixture of a thermoplastic elastomer comprising between 10 and 90% by weight thereof which can be a styrene block copolymer type ABA, where A represents the polystyrene block, B represents the block of a soft or elastic polymer, which in turn contains between 90 and up to 1% by weight of a polymer inherently conductive of electricity, comprising any poly (aniline) protonated with acid. The applications described for this material are diverse and range from anti-static material for valve seals and gasoline containers, covers for electromagnetic protection of electronic components (EMI / shielding), among others.

The invention of Optatech Oy in its claiming chapter claims aspects of its invention for this thermoplastic elastomer composite capable of being used as an antistatic or magnetic field protector: a thermoplastic elastomer comprising: (a) between 10 and 90% by weight of the same which can be a styrene block copolymer type ABA, where A represents the polystyrene block, B represents the block of a soft or elastic polymer such as poly (ethylene-co-butylene) or SEBS, the rubber of the poly (vulcanized or cross-linked (ethylene-propylene-diene) (EPDM), the mixture of poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) and the acrylate rubber, the mixture between the poly (ethylene-co-butyl acrylate) and the rubber acrylate, the mixture with linear low density poly (ethylene) (LLDPE), the mixture of acrylate rubber with alkyl acrylate rubber from 1 to 12 carbons in its structure or any polymer derived from alkyl methacrylate from 4 to 14 carbons with a tem glass transition temperature below 20 ° C, a polymer 25 derived from ethyl hexyl acrylate or one from butyl acrylate, a mixture between poly (propylene) random and acrylate rubber, a mixture of the homopolymer of an olefin copolymer and a crosslinked elastomer; (b) between 90 and 1% of a material inherently conductive of electricity, which can be referred to as a metal compound, where said compound is the product of the reaction of zinc oxide and dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid or derivatives of poly (aniline) such as emeraldine which is doped with a protonic acid, organo-sulfonic acid as an aromatic sulfonic acid in particular dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid. And where this elastomer was obtained by contacting the poly (aniline) or its derivatives and the protonic acid under high cutting efforts at temperatures between 80 ° C and 250 ° C according to the elastomer in question, and that the mixing was made in a team that combined them having the molten elastomer, either an extruder, mixing chamber, working between 40 and 120 rpm / min, according to the elastomer. This development of Optatech Oy is one of the first in its class that used the mixing and extrusion processes.

Derived from the family of patents described above, Martín Albers, et al., Working for the company Premix Oy, who eventually absorbed Optatech Oy, developed an electrically conductive thermoplastic elastomeric compound, whose patent family is: US6875375B2, FI120151B1, W02003 / 028039A1, AT416463T, CN1276437C, DE60230174D1, EP1440451B1. The invention comprising an elastomer matrix and non-conductive particles coated with metal as an electrically conductive filler (filler) within said matrix. The electrically conductive particles are at least partially coated with a self-assembled monolayer of molecules on the metal in question. The resistivity of the thermoplastic elastomer, subject matter of the invention described, is relatively low and is not increased by the compression action on the elastomer due to manufacturing issues. This phenomenon of increasing the resistivity of the thermoplastic elastomer when subjected to pressure was foreseen by the Premix group Oy partially overlaying the metal particle with a monomolecular layer of a long aliphatic chain hydrocarbon containing a polar head. This hydrocarbon should work as a means of bonding between the metal filler and an inherently conductive polymer such as poly (aniline), poly (pyrrole) or poly (thiophenes). This family of patents claims as novel an electrically conductive thermoplastic elastomer composite comprising an elastomer such as poly (styrene-etheno-butene-styrene) or SEBS as a matrix and the elastomer matrix comprises at least two phases the polymer and the one containing the metal particles as electrically conductive filler, wherein said particles are at least partially coated with a monomolecular layer of long chain aliphatic hydrocarbons and polar head with the following structure: X- (CH2) n-CH3, wherein X comprises a group polar such as mercaptans (-SH), 4-pyridines or phosphines capable of forming a stable complex with the metal surface, where the length of said molecular wire is between 7 and 12 Á and can form a molecule of quartertophen or a diphenyl hexatriene. The length of said aliphatic tail "n" can be from 9 to 19 carbons. The polymer inherently conductive of electricity may be poly (aniline), poly (thiophene) and / or poly (pyrrole).

On the other hand, in the North American Patent Series No. 7589284, Christopher L. Severance, et al., Working for Parker Hannifin Corp., claim a material with magnetic field protection properties for seals, coatings and other articles. This material includes a non-conductive polymer of electricity, a polymer inherently conductive of electricity and powdered metallic electrical conductor. Its applications focus on housings for electronic components or elements. Said patent claims a material capable of containing the electromagnetic interference of external fields and which comprises: a mixture of a suggested non-conductive polymeric elastomer of the following families of silicones, urethanes, flexible epoxy elastomers, poly (styrene), PC, ABS, PC / ABS alloys, PBT, nylon, and mixtures thereof, as well as an inherently conductive polymer such as poly (aniline) and an electrically conductive filler, which can be selected from between a carbon particle coated with nickel, carbon, silver powder, copper powder, silver and copper powders, glass spheres coated with silver, nickel powder and which can constitute from 1 to 50% by weight of the composite . Where said material can be molded into the desired shape for the cover or accessory with shielding properties against electromagnetic interference (EMI / shielding).

On the other hand, Huo Yuyun and Zeng Jingyuan, working for Guangzhou Huayuan Electrotherm, obtain priority for Utility Model No. CN2064103 U when reporting a conductive elastomeric material as the conductive current collector layer inside a battery. Said material provides an improvement in a battery or tandem of batteries to the passage of current, since it is placed in them next to the electrodes. This utility model describes a composite conductor rubber of electricity, which is used as a current collector and which distributes electrical energy by reducing the resistivity of the battery, where one side of the electrode is made of this current collector and a very thin metallic layer like the contact electrode. According to the inventors, the electrically conductive elastomeric compound used as a current collector in the battery has a good electrical conductivity, flexibility, corrosion resistance, lightness and adhesion strength with the metal and active substance of the battery, in addition to that the compound is easily moldable and processable. The protected utility model, according to the inventors, is especially favorable for lightening and thinning the battery, as well as for improving its electrical properties. This utility model formulates the compound from an elastomeric material such as poly (vinylidene fluoride) or PVDF, poly (tetrafluoroethylene) or PTFE or Teflon, rubber Viton (FKM, HFP or some other) with electrically conductive charges such as carbon nanotubes, lithium salts and metal oxides.

During the last two decades, various patents have been granted in Japan around electrically conductive elastomers, such as Sanehiro Furukawa, et al., Who worked for Sanyo Electronic Co LTD to produce a thin battery, capable of being flexible and conserving in spite of being repeatedly bent, as well as improving the performance of the battery through the use of a porous plate of hulled consistency mixed with an electrically conductive material as the main component of the electrode. The battery was designed with jackets one to the positive pole and the other to the negative pole, both external and containing a kind of cross-section in the shape of a plate and all this is fixed to an insulating substrate. The current collector that gives the positive pole, the positive electrode, a separator, the negative electrode and the negative current collector were accommodated between both jackets. As a positive electrode, there is a thin plate of a poly (aniline) -poly (butadiene) complex obtained by the electrolytic polymerization of the aniline within the spaces left by the graphite that had previously been dispersed in the pores of the styrene-elastomer. butadiene in an aqueous solution of borofluoric acid, wherein the aniline was dispersed for use. As a negative electrode, a sheet of lithium compound is used. As an electrolyte a dispersion of lithium borofluoride in propylene carbonate was used.

On the other hand, Matsubara Keiko acquires the Japanese patent grant No. (JP2003109597 and Korean No. KR 20030026815, relating to obtaining an electrode material capable of adhering and bending between the layers of active material or between it and the layers of current collector and that allows the battery to have high capacities of charge and discharge with many life cycles.It is mentioned that the electrode of this material was produced by mixing a substrate containing between 0.1 and 10% by weight (based on the electrode material) of an aqueous dispersion of an inherently conductive polymer, between 0.1 and 10% by weight (based on the electrode material) of a rubber in latex, and between 0.1 and 10% by weight (based on the electrode material) of a polymer dissolved in water. The inherently conductive polymer dispersed in water is a soluble form of the poly (aniline) which contains in its structure a sulfonic or carboxylic acid group and the water-soluble polymer is a polyvinyl alcohol.

Now, after analyzing all these patents and documents, there is an extensive work by different countries and groups of development and research about the obtaining of electrically conductive elastomeric compounds of electricity, including elastomeric compounds with applications such as electrodes in thin batteries .

However, despite all this and that these elastomers are used as electrostatic dissipation materials, shielding for electromagnetic interference, electrode in flexible batteries or current collector, there is no patent in the state of the art that uses a compound elastomeric electrically conductive as the active part of the battery, as the capacitor, as the storage layer of lithium ions and much less that indicates that it is used in rechargeable batteries that are light and flexible.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In the present invention, a thermoplastic elastomeric, electrically conductive and capacitor composite material is described, which comprises: from 10% to 90% by weight of a polymeric matrix that functions as a binder; from 1% up 90% by weight of a nanostructured electrical conductor composite material, whose function is to conduct electricity through the transport of electrons; and, from 20% to 70% by weight of a compatibilizing compound and ionic conductor, whose main function is to make the other two materials compatible, in addition to conducting electricity through the transport of ions.

The elastomeric polymer matrix is a thermoplastic elastomer comprising between 10% and 90% by weight of the elastomeric electrically conductive and capacitor compound, having the function of serving as a matrix or support for the other components.

The nanostructured electrical conductive composite material comprises from 1% to 90% by weight of any material capable of conducting electricity via or electron transport.

The compatibilizing compound and ionic conductor is comprised in the mixture from 10% to 60% by weight, which as indicated is capable of conducting electricity through the transport of ions. Since sometimes the electronic conductive compound and the elastomeric matrix are not always compatible with each other, said ionic conductive compound serves as a means to make them compatible, dispersing one in the other.

The thermoplastic elastomeric, electrically conductive and capacitor composite material described in the particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention is obtained by mixing the three components described above, namely: the elastomeric matrix, the electrically conductive composite and the composite compatibilizer and ionic conductor, by means of mixing or extrusion chamber, either mono or double spindle, preferably spindles of low mixed high cut.

The mixing is carried out at a temperature ranging from 60 ° C to 180 ° C, at a screw speed ranging from 10 to 200 rpm and the mixing time in batches or residence time in an extruder ranges from 1 to 20 minutes, either feeding everything at once or dosing the electronic conductive compound.

The elastomeric thermoplastic, electrically conductive and capacitor composite material obtained by mixing or extrusion is essentially a plurality of micro / nanocapacitors, as seen in Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings, wherein each of said micro / nanocapacitors is able to store electricity.

Current applications of the elastomeric thermoplastic, electrically conductive and capacitor composite material of the present invention are preferably, but not exclusively, focused on the electronic industry as a capacitor material for flexible rechargeable batteries that can be used in lightweight portable devices, in hybrid car batteries and electrical, coupled to solar cells of all kinds for luminaries, houses, equipment, among others. It also finds applications in the packaging industry, especially for packaging that requires electrostatic discharge dissipation (ESD) properties, in films such as bags or massive packaging to contain electronic circuits or any other component susceptible to being damaged by these charges. In the latter case, the material can be used directly or indirectly; directly making the mixture with the polyolefin, although to improve the dispersion of the material it is recommended to use it as a "carrier" that mixes with the resin with which the packaging will be formed, and that the elastomeric material uses as a matrix soft elastomeric materials such as thermoplastic elastomers derived from SSBR, SBS, SEBS or poly (ethylene vinyl acetate), easy to incorporate into resins for packaging. It can also be used in combination with the additives corresponding, as thermoplastic resin to make bodies of injected parts for the automotive, aeronautical, electronics, household, for example in valves and seals, fuel containers, covers for gadgets and electronic devices and that require to be ESD materials. The material also finds applications to make thin films or coatings, which prevent, or reduce the corrosion of other metal components mainly exposed to extreme weather, humidity or salinity conditions.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION Taking into account the above technical defects, it is an object of the present invention to provide a thermoplastic elastomeric composite material of very low resistivity and very high electrical capacitance, capable of being used as the active part of a galvanic cell, storing energy by the presence of lithium ions in said thermoplastic elastomer composite material.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a thermoplastic elastomeric composite material that is electrically conductive and capacitive, preferably obtained from melt blending in extrusion machines or mixing chambers with low shear stresses and moderate temperatures.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a thermoplastic elastomeric composite material that can also be obtained by co-precipitation of the components that comprise it previously dispersed in their respective means.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a thermoplastic elastomeric composite having the ability to be rolled or folded.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a thermoplastic elastomeric composite material that can be applied preferably in rechargeable and flexible polymer batteries, such as the active part of said batteries, designed for thin layer applications.

It is still more an object of the present invention to provide a thermoplastic elastomeric composite material that is the component that delivers energy from light and portable gadgets, both current and future.

It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a thermoplastic elastomeric composite material which can have other applications, such as electrostatic dissipative material, as shielding material for electromagnetic field interference, as a flexible electrode, as well as coating to inhibit corrosion of metal parts, among other applications.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES The novel aspects that are considered characteristic of the present invention will be established with particularity in the appended claims. However, the invention itself, both by its organization, as well as by its method of operation, together with other objects and advantages thereof, will be better understood in the following detailed description of a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, when read in relation to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a schematic representation describing how the plurality of micro / nanocapacitors contained in a thermoplastic elastomeric, electrically conductive and capacitor composite material, developed in accordance with a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention could be found.

Figure 2 is a schematic representation of the arrangement of the armed galvanic cells for the test tests of the elastomeric thermoplastic, electrically conductive and capacitor composite material, developed in accordance with the particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 3 is a graph showing the measurement of the synergic effect on electrical conductivity for the thermoplastic elastomeric, electrically conductive and capacitor composite material, using two types of conductors (ionic and electronic).

Figure 4 is a graph showing the electrical conductivities measured for different thermoplastic matrices and their corresponding mixtures, containing the same proportions of conductors (electric and ionic).

Figure 5 is a graph showing curves of charging cycle and voltage discharge in time for different types of galvanic cells, using a derivative of poly (aniline) as an electronic conductor.

Figure 6 is a graph showing load cycle curves and voltage discharge in time for different types of galvanic cells, using a derivative of poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) as an electronic conductor.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE MODALITIES OF THE INVENTION The polymeric composite material described and claimed in the present invention combines the properties of electrical conductivity and capacitance of a nanocomposite, preferably based on an inherently conductive polymer, with the properties of electrical conductivity and capacitance of an ionic polymer, preferably one extrinsically conductive, as well as the mechanical properties of flexibility, lightness and strength of a thermoplastic polymer as a matrix containing them, preferably a thermoplastic elastomer; wherein the inherently conductive polymer is supported on a nanostructured matrix, and which in turn this nanocomposite retains that nanostructured array of an ion conductor formed by the extrinsically conductive polymer containing ions, preferably lithium ions dispersed in high boiling media. Said thermoplastic elastomer functions as a binder of the nanostructured electronic conductive material which is selected from the group comprising a metallic material, carbon, a ceramic or polymeric material.

Referring to Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings, schematically shows the elastomeric thermoplastic, electrically conductive and capacitor composite material described in the particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, which comprises: a) From 10% to 90% by weight of a polymeric matrix that functions as a binder; b) From 1% to 90% by weight of a nanostructured electrical conductor composite, whose function is to conduct electricity through the transport of electrons; Y, c) From 20% to 70% by weight of a compatibilizing compound and ionic conductor, whose main function is to make the other two materials compatible, in addition to conducting electricity through ion transport.

The elastomeric polymer matrix is preferably a thermoplastic elastomer comprising from 10% to 90% by weight, preferably from 30% to 60% by weight, and more preferably 50% by weight of the elastomeric electrically conductive and capacitor compound, having the function of serving as a matrix or support for the other components.

The elastomeric matrix is preferably selected from the following families of thermoplastic matrices: - Hules derived from poly (butadienes) or PB, which have simplified formula - (CH2-CH = CH-CH2) -, including all its variants, whether high, medium or low cis-, high, medium or low trans-, high, medium or low vinyl-poly (butadiene), regardless of their relative composition between these three variants or the molecular weight of PB; Elastomeric styrene-butadiene copolymers, whether linear or branched (SSBR), regardless of the different arrangements of the co-monomers with each other, which may be located alternately or randomly along the main polymer chain or its branches, regardless of the composition ratio of the butadiene / styrene or the molecular weight of the molecule; Elastomeric styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymers, whether linear or branched (SBS), regardless of the different arrangements of the block co-monomers together, which may be located in a block-random, diblock, triblock or any further variation along the main polymer chain or its branches, regardless of the composition ratio of the butadiene / styrene in each branch or block individually or in the overall composition, as well as the molecular weight of the elastomer; Hydrogenated elastomeric styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene block copolymers, either linear or branched (SEBS), regardless of the different arrangements of the block co-monomers with each other, which can be located in a block-random manner, diblock , triblock or any variation further along the chain polymer or its branches, regardless of the composition ratio of butadiene / styrene in each branch or block individually or in the overall composition, as well as the molecular weight of the elastomer and the variety of concentrations of double bonds remaining or degrees of hydrogenation; - Butadiene-nitrile copolymer rubber (NBR) having different molecular weights and butadiene / acrylonitrile ratios; Elastomeric styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymers, whether linear or branched (SIS), regardless of the different arrangements of the block co-monomers together, which can be located in a block-random, diblock, triblock or any further variation along the main polymer chain or its branches, regardless of the composition ratio of the isoprene / styrene in each branch or block individually or in the overall composition, as well as the molecular weight of the elastomer; Diversity of materials of the family of poly (ethylene-propylene monomers diene) or EPDM, regardless of the ratio of monomers that prevails in them, as well as the molecular weight they have; Diversity of poly (ethylene vinyl acetate) or EVA having different ethylene / vinyl acetate ratios and molecular weights; Alkyl acrylic elastomers (AAc), as a particular case, although not exclusively, hexyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, or any material with the minimum formula CH2 = CH-COO- (CH2) x-CH3, where x it can go from 0 to an infinity of repetitive units, preferably between 4 and 8 repetitive units; Silicon oils having different molecular weights; Any variety of thermoplastic co-polymers urethane-ether or urethane-ester or PU, regardless of the relative composition between urethane and ester or ether; Any variety and molecular weight of thermoplastic poly (olefins), which may preferably include any of the following examples: poly (ethylene) low regular or linear, medium, high or ultra high density (LDPE, LLDPE, MDPE, HDPE, UHDPE) or polyppopylene, regardless of what melt flow is concerned; Any possible mixture that involves some of the elastomers or thermoplastics described in the previous paragraphs, regardless of the polymerization technique used for their synthesis; - Any of the materials described above that have been treated to be vulcanized, branched (graffed) or crosslinked, before, during or after the formation of the electrically conductive elastomer and capacitor of the present invention.

The nanostructured electrical conductive composite material comprises from 1% to 90% by weight, preferably between 10% and 40% by weight, and more preferably 25% by weight of any material capable of conducting electricity via or electron transport, wherein said The electrically conductive material preferably comprises any of the following families of compounds and composites: Powdered metal particles or nanostructured powders of metallic particles or electrically conductive metal oxides, and their combinations, having particle sizes preferably less than one miera; Carbon nanostructured particles preferably comprising one of the following families: pure or surface treated graphite, pure or surface treated black carbon, pure or functionalized fullerenes, pure carbon nanotubes or functionalized, pure or functionalized nanoplatelet, where said families are able to conduct electricity by means of electrons; Inherently conductive polymers that have or have not been doped (ICP: Dopant), preferably have been doped and preferably are nanostructured, wherein the inherently conductive polymer as such constitutes from 25% to 95%, preferably between 25% and 40%, and more preferably 25% of the weight of the electrically conductive compound, wherein the ICP preferably comprises at least one of the following monomeric electroactive groups having beyond 12 repeating units: polymers inherently conductive of aromatic amine derivatives as the poly (aniline) derivatives; polymers inherently conductive of heterocyclic aromatic compounds such as poly (thiophene) derivatives, non-heterocyclic aromatic derivatives such as poly (acetylenes) derivatives; compounds between these inherently conductive polymers and other polymers wherein these may or may not be conductive or inherently conductive polymer composites with metals or polymers inherently conductive with inorganic salts or inherently conductive polymers with carbon nanostructures or any carbon base structure containing metallic structure. conjugated in its links that constitute it, capable of conducting electrons, and therefore electricity.

The dopants which are used to improve the electrical conductivity of these inherently conductive polymers are used from 5% to 75% by weight, preferably from 10% to 40% by weight, and more preferably 25% by weight of the electrically conductive compound, wherein said dopants are preferably selected from the group comprising any of the following families of compounds: inorganic or organic acids of relatively low or intermediate molecular weight, such as acids and oxy acids derived from halogens; acids derived from sulfur as the sulfuric, sulfonic, sulfurous, among others; organic acids such as formic, acetic or propionic. They can also be derived from polymers with acid, structural or pendant functionality, comprising any of the classes of acids described above. Structures and acidified ceramic nanostructures based on silicon and aluminum oxides, alone or combinations thereof, oxides of titanium, zirconium, hafnium and their mixtures. Carbon nanostructures functionalized with acid groups.

The compatibilizing compound and ionic conductor preferably comprises: from 20% to 70% by weight, preferably between 20% and 40% by weight, and more preferably 25% by weight of a polymeric matrix of a different nature from that of the elastomeric matrix of the present invention and which has been described in previous paragraphs; from 1% to 30% by weight of an ion carrier compound; and, from 30% to 70% by weight of an appropriate solvent that is capable of swelling or dissolving both the polymer matrix different from the elastomeric matrix previously described, as well as the ion carrier compound.

The polymer matrix other than the elastomeric matrix is selected from the group comprising: poly (alkyl methacrylates); copolymers of (styrene-acrylic) and any of its derivatives having about 40% by weight of the acrylic, methacrylic or alkyl acrylic part in the polymer molecule; derivatives of poly (ethylene oxide), poly (alkyl glycols) and poly (vinyl pyrrolidones) in any of their variants in molecular weight or alternation with other copolymers, gels with a swelling index above 1.5 in the presence of the solvents described below, and can be synthesized from the following monomers, styrene-divinyl benzene (STY-DVB) and any of its derivatives with or without functional groups such as carboxylic, sulphonic groups, among others; 2-hydroxy ethyl methacrylate with ethylene glycol methacrylate (HEMA-EGDMA), these at any molecular weight and monomer ratio with crosslinker.

The above polymer matrices should be dispersed or swollen in water, alcohols from 1 to 6 carbons in their molecule, propylene carbonate or dimethyl formamide, or mixtures of these solvents with each other or any other solvent capable of dispersing, dissolving or swelling these matrices together with the ion carrier.

The ion carrier is selected from the group comprising a lithium salt, although it may also comprise salts derived from cations of elements of Group IA and ll-A of the periodic table and anions derived from elements of groups III, IV, V, VI and VI lA of the periodic table.

The thermoplastic elastomeric, electrically conductive and capacitor composite material described in the particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention is obtained by mixing the three components described above, namely: the elastomeric matrix, the electrically conductive composite and the composite compatibilizer and ionic conductor, by means of mixing or extrusion chamber, either mono or double spindle, preferably using a low cut single spindle.

The mixing is carried out at a temperature ranging from 60 ° C to 180 ° C, preferably at 90 ° C, at a screw speed ranging from 10 to 200 rpm, preferably between 30 and 100 rpm, and more preferably at 50 rpm and the time of mixed in batches or residence time in an extruder ranges from 1 to 20 minutes, preferably less than 10 minutes, and more preferably 1.5 minutes, either feeding all at once or dosing the electrically conductive compound, preferably by dosing the electrically conductive compound.

Likewise, figure 1 shows the possible points of contact between the different species. The nanostructured particles of the elastomeric thermoplastic composite material function as bridges or junctions for the continuity of the electric current between them and the larger particles of the ionic conductor, so their dispersion and percolability is important.

For its part, the particles of the ionic conductor restrict the mobility of the ions contained in them, and in turn they serve for the charge, storage and discharge of the electric current. There will scarcely be particles of electronically conductive nanostructured compounds or particles of ionic conductors that are isolated.

The elastomeric thermoplastic, electrically conductive and capacitor composite material described in the particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention was made in different matrices and characterized both as a semiconductor material in a Keithlcy electrometer to measure electrical conductivity for electrostatic dissipation material applications, Smart packaging, or film or anti-virus corrosion, and was also characterized as the capacitor material by integrating it into a rechargeable galvanic cell made of mainly polymeric materials.

Referring to Figure 2 of the accompanying drawings, the galvanic cells were assembled using preferably 5 layers, of which: 2 outer layers formed of a flexible substrate selected from a PET or acetate film; 2 intermediate layers which are conductive layers, which were only in contact with each other through a thin fifth layer with a thickness between 0.1 and 3 mm corresponding to the elastomeric thermoplastic, electrically conductive and capacitor composite material of the present invention, as shown in Figure 2 of the accompanying drawings.

Although flexible substrates were preferably used in the 2 outer layers, it is possible to assemble the batteries using other substrates such as: glass; quartz or any other transparent and rigid medium; paperboard; paper; plastic film like acetate; PET; polyolefins on film such as polyethylene bags; metal, either in plate or sheet, such as aluminum foil; cloth; textiles, regardless of the type of fabric, among others.

On the other hand, each of the two conductive layers can be of the same or different material, which is selected from derivatives of the families of electrical conductors described above, whether they are dispersed in the matrix of the substrate or coating it, in turn. also traditional coatings such as tin-indium oxide (ITO) can be used as an electronic conductor coating the substrate.

Current applications of the elastomeric thermoplastic, electrically conductive and capacitor composite material of the present invention are preferably, but not exclusively, focused on the electronic industry as a capacitor material for flexible rechargeable batteries that can be used in lightweight portable devices, in batteries for hybrid and electric cars, coupled to solar cells of all kinds for luminaries, homes, equipment, among others. It also finds applications in the packaging industry, especially for packaging that requires electrostatic discharge dissipation (ESD) properties, in films such as bags or massive packaging to contain electronic circuits or any other component susceptible to being damaged by these charges. In the latter case, the material can be used directly or indirectly; directly making the mixture with the polyolefin, although to improve the dispersion of the material it is recommended to use it as a "carrier" that mixes with the resin with which the packaging will be formed, and that the elastomeric material uses as a matrix soft elastomeric materials such as thermoplastic elastomers derived from SSBR, SBS, SEBS or poly (ethylene vinyl acetate), easy to incorporate into resins for packaging. It can also be used in combination with the corresponding additives, such as thermoplastic resin to make bodies of injected parts for the automotive, aeronautical, electronics, household, for example in valves and seals, fuel containers, covers for gadgets and electronic devices and that require to be ESD materials. The material also finds applications to make thin films or coatings, which prevent, or reduce the corrosion of other metal components mainly exposed to extreme weather, humidity or salinity conditions.

The present invention will be better understood from the following examples, which are presented for illustrative purposes only to allow a thorough understanding of the modalities of the present invention, without implying that there are no other modalities not illustrated that can be carried to the practice based on the detailed description above. In view of the above, the examples that follow present should be taken only as illustrative but not limiting of the present invention: Example 1. Synergistic effect of the simultaneous use of the ionic conductor and the electric conductor in the elastomeric thermoplastic, electrically conductive and capacitor composite material.

Polyolefins, specifically the different grades of LLDPE, are resins that have many uses, from molded parts injected for automotive spare parts, housing for electronic devices or as packaging material for conventional or antistatic use to wrap electronic circuits. Applications in antistatic materials require specific properties of electrical conductivity, which in many cases are obtained from olefins to be mixed with metal particles or conductive materials.

The thermoplastic, electrically conductive and capacitor elastomer composite material of the present invention, for this example, was obtained from an LLDPE resin. Said elastomeric composite material had the capacity to dissipate an electric discharge, since it can "maintain or store" the charge in question, to subsequently discharge or dissipate the energy slowly over time. For this example two materials were manufactured and compared in their electrical conductivity properties with the original LLDPE matrix.

The electronic conductive composite material was made from poly (aniline) doped with acidified haloislta nanotubes and was obtained as described in reference [I. A. Gabaldón-Saucedo, Characterization of Nanostructured Silcoaluminates Coated with Inherently Conducting Polymers, CIMAV-Chihuahua 2013] and the ionic conductive compound was elaborated by placing 6 parts of propylene carbonate with 3.5 parts of PMMA Plastiglás Silux and 0.5 parts of lithium perchlorate, the mixture was heated to 180 ° C under reflux and the components were integrated by stirring at 50 rpm. After the components were integrated, the mixture was allowed to cool.

The compositions of the samples of this example and their manufacturing method are detailed in table 1. The samples after having formed the 1 mm thick plates were measured in their electrical conductivity in a Keithlcy electrometer with its conductivity chamber, in where the conditions were 20mA and 1 V.

Table 1. Composition and processing conditions of the samples of example 1.

Parts by weight Parts by weight Show Parties in Conditions of Driver Driver Matrix weight Processing Electronic Ionic plates + Compound square conductor of 4 electronic (PANI: HNT) in by side and 1 mm thick, with them their electrical conductivity was measured.

The results are shown in figure 3, where it is observed that the original matrix, as expected, had a very low electrical conductivity of 3.9x1012 S / m, typical of an insulating polymer. However, when the ionic conductor was added in 25% by weight, the resulting material increased its electrical conductivity three orders of magnitude, reaching up to 1.1x109 S / m. Notwithstanding the foregoing, when adding 17% ionic conductor and 13% electronic conductor (whose sum is 30%, which was slightly above 25% of the ionic conductor of the first sample), the resulting material increased five orders of magnitude electrical conductivity with respect to the original matrix, reaching the value of 4.3x107 S / m. This shows the synergy between the conductors, ionic and electronic, to increase the electrical conductivity, and indirectly confirms the percolability of the components.

Example 2. Influence of the elastomeric matrix on electrical conductivity.

To demonstrate the versatility of the process for producing the thermoplastic, electrically conductive and capacitor elastomeric composite material of the present invention, a series of tests were made with three different types of elastomeric matrices. These matrices were mixed with equal amounts of electrical conductive compound and ion-conducting polymer, prepared in a manner similar to those of Example 1.

The matrices used were: - Elvax 265 manufactured by DuPont which is an ethylene-vinyl acetate co-polymer, said resin contains about 28% vinyl acetate and is used as a universal carrier to incorporate dyes and additives into heavier polymeric resins. It can be processed from 70 ° C to 200 ° C and has an elastomeric consistency.

- The second of the materials used was the same resin used in Example 1, that is, a low density polyethylene LLDPE 20020X from PEMEX, where said resin is processed at a minimum temperature of 130 ° C, preferably at 150 ° C .

- The third material was a thermoplastic elastomer type SSBR, the Solprene 1205 of Dynasol Elastomers S.A. of C.V., which contains about 25% of total styrene, where 17.5% of it is en bloc. Said thermoplastic elastomer is feasible to be processed from 70 ° C to 120 ° C.

Each of the samples was individually processed in a Brabender mixing chamber using a high shear mixing configuration. The conditions to which the materials were processed are described in Table 2. Matrices without conductive materials were also processed for the measurement of their electrical conductivity.

Table 2. Processing conditions of elastomeric composites electrically conductive and capacitors.

Elastomeric composite material Temperature Time Thermoplastic speed, electrically conductive and capacitor (° C) (minutes) (rpm) Matrix Elvax 265 80 10 50 Elastomeric composite material thermoplastic, electrically conductive and 80 10 50 capacitor from Elvax 265 Matrix LDPE 20020X 140 10 60 Elastomeric composite material thermoplastic, electrically conductive and 140 10 60 LDPE capacitor 20020X Solprene Matrix 1205 80 10 50 Elastomeric composite material thermoplastic, electrically conductive and 80 10 50 capacitor 1205 To obtain the elastomeric thermoplastic, electrically conductive and capacitor composite material, 4 parts of the elastomeric thermoplastic, electrically conductive and capacitor composite were mixed as matrix resin; 1 part of the ionic conductive compound, described in the previous example; and, 1 part of the electrical conductor made of polyaniline doped with Tamol 731 A acidified and synthesized by oxidation.

The specimens of all these processed samples were pressed between 2000 and 3000 pounds of load in a Carver press, at the same temperature at which they were obtained in the mixing chamber. The specimens were cut to have frames of 4 inches per side and with a maximum thickness of 2 mm. No delamination was observed nor formation of lumps in the specimens obtained. These specimens were measured for electrical conductivity in a Keithlcy electrometer at 20 mA and 1 volt. The results of the tests are shown in Figure 4.

The first thing that stands out is that for these three different matrices, the electrical conductivity of the materials with the package of conductive compounds increased considerably with respect to the natural matrices. Now, although the three resins have the same composition in mass, the electrical conductivity of the elastomeric compounds is not the same. The most notorious change occurred in Dynasol's Solprene 1205, where the electrical conductivity increases 8 orders of magnitude from 1.7x1015 S / m to 4.8x107 S / m. This shows that the dispersion, and thus the properties of the elastomeric thermoplastic, electrically conductive and capacitor composite material will depend not only on the concentration of the electrically active materials, but on the matrix in question.

Example 3. Test of thermoplastic elastomeric composite material, electrically conductive and capacitor in galvanic cell assemblies, such as rechargeable batteries.

To evaluate the elastomeric thermoplastic, electrically conductive and capacitor composite material of the present invention, a series of tests were made assembling twelve galvanic cells to work as rechargeable batteries. Each cell was assembled according to the diagram shown in figure 2 and a table of 6cm per side and 1.5 cm thick was assembled.

Two elastomeric thermoplastic, electrically conductive and capacitor composites were made for said tests according to example 2 of the present invention, one of them made with PANI: TAMOL and the other with PEDOT: TAMOL, both using Solprene-1205 as the elastomeric matrix. Different batches of approximately 70g each were made in the Brabender mixer until 350g of each material was collected; subsequently, each batch was integrated with the rest of the corresponding material by means of a roller mill and then cut to the indicated measurements.

Thus, it was possible to have a homogeneous batch that would allow evaluating the same elastomeric, thermoplastic, electrically conductive and capacitor material in each of the six corresponding cells. Each of said cells had a different pair of electrodes, based on electronic systems.

As supports were used two types of materials, aluminum sheet and acetates with a layer of adhesive, such as those used before for projection, and these were impregnated with conductive and semiconductor inks.

The conductive and semiconducting layers were prepared according to the references described [I. A. Gabaldón-Saucedo, Characterization of Nanostructured Silcoaluminates Coated with Inherently Conducting Polymers, CIMAV-Chlhuahua 2013, R. Suárez-Rcyes, Sol-Gel Synthesis at a Low Temperature of W03 with Electrochromic Properties, Toluca Teen Institute 2010, Y. Sun, E. Ruckenstein, Synthetical Metals 74 (1995) 145-150, Djaoued, Y., Journal of IMon-Crystalline Sollds 354 (2008) 673-679, Monk, PMS, (2007). Electrochromism and Electrochromic Devices, Cambridge Univ. Press].

To love the cells, the thermoplastic elastomeric, electrically conductive and capacitor composite plate was placed in the middle of the supports, put on a Carver press, heated to 80 ° C and compressed at 2000 psig pressure to adhere the composite elastomeric thermoplastic, electrically conductive and capacitor with the coated substrate. In this way the assembly of the galvanic cells is as follows: PANI: TAMOL: CELL 1: Acetate / Adhesive / PEDOT: TAMOLbSolprene® 1205 + PANI: Tamol 731 A + PMMA-LÍ // PAN I: T amol / Adhesive / Acetate CELL 2: Acetate / Adhesive / PEDOT: TAMOL // Solprene® 1205 + PANI: Tamol 731 A + PMMA-L // // P3MT: FeCI3 / Aluminum Sheet CELL 3: Acetate / Adhesive / PANI: TAMOL // Solprene® 1205 + PANI: Tamol 731 A + PMMA-L // // P3MT: FeCI3 / Aluminum Foil CELL 4: Acetate / Adhesive / PANI: TAMOL // Solprene® 1205 + PANI: Tamol 731 A + PMMA-Li // W03 / Aluminum Sheet CELL 5: Aluminum sheet / P3MT: FeCI3 // Sol preñe® 1205 + PANI: Tamol 731 A + PMMA-Li // W03 / Aluminum sheet CELL 6: Acetate / Adhesive / PEDOT: TAMOLbSolprene® 1205 + PEDOT: Tamol 731 A + PMI A-Li / M / Aluminum Cylinder PEDOT: TAMOL: CELL 7: Acetate / Adhesive / PEDOT: Tamol // Solprene® 1205 + PEDOT: Tamol 731 A + PMMA-Li // PANI: T amol / Adhesive / Acetate CELL 8: Acetate / Adhesive / PEDOT: Tamol // Solprene® 1205 + PEDOT: Tamol 731 A + PMMA-Li // P3MT: FeCI3 / Aluminum Sheet CELL 9: Acetate / Adhesive / PANI: Tamol // Solprene® 1205 + PEDOT: Tamol 731 A + PMMA-Li // P3MT: FeCI3 / Aluminum Sheet CELL 10: Acetate / Adhesive / PANI: Tamol // Solprene® 1205 + PEDOT: Tamol 731 A + PMMA-Li // W03 / Aluminum Foil CELL 11: Aluminum Sheet / P3MT: FeCI3 // Solprene® 1205 + PEDOT: Tamol 731 A + PMMA-Li // W03 / Aluminum Sheet CELL 12: Acetate / Adhesive / PEDOT: TAMOL // Solprene® 1205 + PEDOT: Tamol 731 A + PMMA-Li // WO; 3 / Aluminum Foil Each cell was charged for 1 hour at 3 volts (what is described in figures 5 and 6 as charge cycle) and then measure its discharge for 7 hours (discharge cycle). During the charging period, the cell voltage was increased to a certain limit value and then fall in the discharge cycle and remain constant in most cases.

Even though in the above description reference has been made to certain embodiments of the elastomeric thermoplastic, electrically conductive and capacitor composite material of the present invention, it should be emphasized that numerous modifications to said modalities, but without departing from the true scope of the invention, such as modifying the combinations and compositions of the elastomeric matrix, the electrical conductive nanocomposite and the ionic conductor.

Claims

NOVELTY OF THE INVENTION CLAIMS 1. - An electrically conductive elastomeric composite material and capacitor, characterized in that it comprises: a) From 10% to 90% by weight of a polymeric matrix that functions as a binder, in addition to serving as a matrix or support; b) From 1% to 90% by weight of a nanostructured electrical conductive compound, whose function is to conduct electricity through the transport of electrons; Y, c) From 20% to 70% by weight of a compatibilizing compound and ionic conductor, whose main function is to make the first two components compatible by dispersing one in the other, in addition to conducting electricity through ion transport. 2 - . 2 - The elastomeric composite material according to claim 1, further characterized in that the polymer matrix is a thermoplastic elastomer. 3 - . 3 - The elastomeric composite material according to claim 2, further characterized in that the elastomeric matrix comprises between 10% and 90% by weight of the elastomeric thermoplastic, electrically conductive and capacitor compound, which serves as a matrix or support for the other components. 4. - The elastomer composite material according to claim 3, further characterized in that the elastomeric matrix comprises between 30% and 60% by weight of the elastomeric thermoplastic, electrically conductive and capacitor composite. 5. - The elastomer composite material according to claim 4, further characterized in that the elastomeric matrix comprises 50% by weight of the thermoplastic elastomeric, electrically conductive and capacitor composite. 6. - The elastomer composite material according to any of claims 3, 4 or 5, further characterized in that the elastomeric matrix is selected from the group comprising the following families of thermoplastic matrices: Hules derived from poly (butadienes) or PB, which have simplified formula - (CH2-CH = CH-CH2) -, including all its variants, whether high, medium or low cis-, high, medium or low trans-, high , medium or low vinyl-poly (butadiene), regardless of their relative composition between these three variants or the molecular weight of PB; Elastomeric styrene-butadiene copolymers, whether linear or branched (SSBR), regardless of the different arrangements of the co-monomers with each other, which may be located alternately or randomly along the main polymer chain or its branches, regardless of the composition ratio of the butadiene / styrene or the molecular weight of the molecule; Elastomeric styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymers, whether linear or branched (SBS), regardless of the different arrangements of the block co-monomers together, which may be located in a block-random, diblock, triblock or any further variation along the main polymer chain or its branches, regardless of the composition ratio of the butadiene / styrene in each branch or block individually or in the overall composition, as well as the molecular weight of the elastomer; Elastomeric elastomeric copolymers styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene block, whether linear or branched (SEBS), regardless of the different arrangements have the co-monomers in block with each other, which can be located in a block-random, diblock, triblock or any further variation along the main polymer chain or its branches, regardless of the compositional ratio of butadiene / styrene in each branch or block individually or in the overall composition, as well as the molecular weight of the elastomer and the variety of concentrations of remaining double bonds or degrees of hydrogenation; Butadiene-nitrite copolymer rubber (NBR) having different molecular weights and butadiene / acrylonitrile ratios; Elastomeric styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymers, whether linear or branched (SIS), regardless of the different arrangements of the block co-monomers together, which can be located in a block-random, diblock, triblock or any further variation along the main polymer chain or its branches, regardless of the composition ratio of the isoprene / styrene in each branch or block individually or in the overall composition, as well as the molecular weight of the elastomer; Diversity of materials of the family of poly (ethylene-propylene monomers diene) or EPDM, regardless of the ratio of monomers that prevails in them, as well as the molecular weight they have; Diversity of poly (ethylene vinyl acetate) or EVA having different ethylene / vinyl acetate ratios and molecular weights; Alkyl acrylic elastomers (Me), as a particular case, although not exclusively, hexyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, or any material with the minimum formula CH2 = CH-COO- (CH2) x-CH3, where x it can range from 0 to an infinity of repetitive units, preferably between 4 and 8 repetitive units; Silicon oils having different molecular weights; Any variety of thermoplastic co-polymers urethane-ether or urethane-ester or PU, regardless of the relative composition between urethane and ester or ether; Any variety and molecular weight of thermoplastic poly (olefins), which may preferably include any of the following examples: poly (ethylene) low regular or linear, medium, high or ultra high density (LDPE, LLDPE, MDPE, HDPE, UHDPE) or polyppopylene, regardless of what melt flow is concerned; Any possible mixture that involves some of the previous elastomers or thermoplastics, regardless of the polymerization technique used for their synthesis; Any of the above-described materials that have been treated to be vulcanized, branched (graphite) or crosslinked, before, during or after the formation of the elastomeric thermoplastic, electrically conductive and capacitor composite material. 7. - The elastomeric composite material according to claim 1, further characterized in that the nanostructured electrical conductive compound comprises from 1% to 90% by weight of any material capable of conducting electricity via or electron transport. 8. - The elastomer composite material according to claim 7, further characterized in that the nanostructured electrical conductive compound comprises between 10% and 40% by weight of any material capable of conducting electricity via or electron transport. 9. - The elastomer composite material according to claim 8, further characterized in that the nanostructured electrical conductive compound comprises 25% by weight of any material capable of conducting electricity via or electron transport. 10. - The elastomeric composite material according to any of claims 7, 8 or 9, further characterized in that the electrical conductive compound is selected from the group comprising any of the following families of compounds and composites: Powdered metal particles or nanostructured powders of metallic particles or electrically conductive metal oxides, and their combinations; Nanostructured carbon particles; Inherently conductive polymers that have or have not been doped (ICP: Dopant), wherein the inherently conductive polymer comprises from 25% to 95% of the weight of the electronic conductive compound. 11. - The elastomeric composite material in accordance with the claim 10, further characterized in that the inherently conductive polymer constitutes between 25% and 40% of the weight of the electrically conductive compound. 12. - The elastomeric composite material in accordance with the claim 11, further characterized in that the inherently conductive polymer constitutes 25% of the weight of the electrically conductive compound. 13. - The elastomer composite material according to claim 10, further characterized in that the inherently conductive polymers have been doped and are nanostructured. 14. The elastomer composite material according to claim 13, further characterized in that the ICP comprises at least one of the following electroactive monomer groups having beyond 12 repetitive units: polymers inherently conductive of aromatic amine derivatives such as derivatives of the poly (aniline); polymers inherently conductive of heterocyclic aromatic compounds such as poly (thiophene) derivatives, non-heterocyclic aromatic derivatives such as poly (acetylenes) derivatives; compounds between these inherently conductive polymers and other polymers wherein these may or may not be conductive or inherently conductive polymer compounds with inherently conductive metals or polymers with inorganic salts or inherently conductive polymers with carbon nanostructures or any carbon base structure containing metallic structure. conjugated in its links that constitute it, capable of conducting electrons, and therefore electricity. fifteen - . 15 - The elastomer composite material according to claim 14, further characterized in that the dopants used to improve the electrical conductivity of the inherently conductive polymers are used between 5% and 75% by weight of the electrically conductive compound. 16. - The elastomeric composite material in accordance with the claim 15, further characterized in that the dopants that are employed to improve the electrical conductivity of the inherently conductive polymers are used between 10% and 40% by weight of the electrical conductive compound. 17. - The elastomeric composite material in accordance with the claim 16, further characterized because the dopants that are used to improve the Electrical conductivity of the inherently conductive polymers are used in 25% by weight of the electrically conductive compound. 18. - The elastomeric composite material according to any of claims 15, 16 or 17, further characterized in that the dopants are selected from the group comprising any of the following families of compounds: inorganic or organic acids of relatively low or intermediate molecular weight, such as are the acids and oxy acids derived from halogens; acids derived from sulfur such as sulfuric, sulphonic, sulfuric, among others; organic acids such as formic, acetic or propionic; they may also be derived from polymers with acid, structural or pendant functionality, comprising any of the above-described classes of acids; acidified ceramic structures and nanostructures based on silicon and aluminum oxides, alone or combinations thereof, oxides of titanium, zirconium, hafnium and their mixtures; carbon nanostructures functionalized with acid groups. 19. - The elastomeric composite material according to claim 10, further characterized in that the powdered metal particles have particle sizes less than one miera. 20. - The elastomer composite material according to claim 10, further characterized in that the nanostructured carbon particles are selected from the group comprising any of the following families: pure or surface treated graphite, pure or surface treated black carbon, pure or functionalized fullerenes , pure or functionalized carbon nanotubes, pure or functionalized nanoplatelets, where said families are able to conduct electricity by means of electrons. 21. - The elastomeric composite material according to claim 1, further characterized in that the compatibilizing compound and ionic conductor is comprised in the mixture from 10% to 60% by weight. 22. - The elastomeric composite material according to claim 21, further characterized in that the compatibilizing and conductive compound comprises: from 20% to 70% by weight of a polymeric matrix of a different nature from that of the elastomeric matrix; from 1% to 30% by weight of an ion carrier compound; and, from 30% to 70% by weight of an appropriate solvent that is capable of swelling or dissolving both the polymeric matrix different from the elastomeric matrix, as well as the ion-bearing compound. 23. - The elastomeric composite material in accordance with the claim 22, further characterized in that the compatibilizing and conductive compound comprises between 20% and 40% of the polymer matrix of a different nature from that of the elastomeric matrix. 24. - The elastomeric composite material in accordance with the claim 23, further characterized in that the compatibilizing and conductive compound comprises 25% by weight of the polymeric matrix of a different nature from that of the elastomeric matrix. 25. - The elastomeric composite material according to any of claims 22, 23 or 24, further characterized in that the polymeric matrix different from the elastomeric matrix is selected from the group comprising: poly (alkyl methacrylates); copolymers of (styrene-acrylic) and any of its derivatives having about 40% by weight of the acrylic, methacrylic or alkyl acrylic part in the polymer molecule; derivatives of poly (ethylene oxide), poly (alkyl glycols) and poly (vinyl pyrrolidones) in any of their variants in molecular weight or alternation with others copolymers, gels with a swelling index above 1.5 in the presence of the solvents and can be synthesized from the following monomers, styrene-divinyl benzene (STY-DVB) and any of its derivatives with or without functional groups such as groups carboxylic, sulfonic, among others; 2-hydroxy ethyl methacrylate with ethylene glycol methacrylate (HEMA-EGDMA), these at any molecular weight and monomer ratio with crosslinker. 26. - The elastomer composite material according to claim 22, further characterized in that the polymer matrices are dispersed or swollen in water, alcohols of from 1 to 6 carbons in their molecule, propylene carbonate or dimethyl formamide, or mixtures of these solvents with each other or any other solvent capable of dispersing, dissolving or inflating these matrices together with the ion carrier. 27. - The elastomer composite material according to claim 22, further characterized in that the ion carrier is selected from the group comprising a lithium salt, salts derived from cations of elements of Group lA and ll-A of the periodic table and derived anions of elements of groups III, IV, V, VI and Vll-A of the periodic table. 28. - A method for obtaining an elastomeric electrically conductive and capacitor composite material as claimed in claims 1 to 27, characterized in that it comprises the step of mixing from 10% to 90% by weight of a polymeric matrix; from 1% to 90% by weight of an electrically conductive composite material; and from 20% to 70% by weight of a compatibilizing compound and ionic conductor. 29. - The method according to claim 28, further characterized in that the mixing is done by mixing or extrusion chamber, either mono or double spindle, and at a temperature that goes from 60 ° C to 180 ° C, at a screw speed ranging from 10 to 200 rpm and the mixing time in batches or residence time in an extruder goes from 1 to 20 minutes, either feeding everything at once or dosing the electronic conductive compound. 30. - The method according to claim 29, further characterized and the mixing time is less than 10 minutes. 31. - The method according to claim 30, further characterized in that the spindle speed is 50 rpm and the mixing time is 1.5 minutes. 32. - The method according to any of claims 29, 30 or 31, further characterized in that a low-cut single-spindle is used and the electrical conductive compound is fed by dosing it. 33. - The elastomer composite material according to any of claims 1 to 27, further characterized in that said elastomeric electrically conductive and capacitor compound is applicable in the electronics industry as a capacitor material for flexible rechargeable batteries that can be used in lightweight portable devices, in batteries for hybrid and electric cars, coupled to solar cells of all kinds for luminaires, houses, equipment, among others; as well as applications in the packaging industry, especially for packaging that requires electrostatic discharge dissipation (ESD) properties, in films such as bags or massive packaging to contain electronic circuits or any other component susceptible to being damaged by these charges, in where in the latter case, the material can be used directly or indirectly; directly making the mixture with the polyolefin; It can also be used in combination with the corresponding additives, such as thermoplastic resin to make bodies of injected parts for the automotive industry, aeronautics, electronics, of the home, for example in valves and seals, fuel containers, covers for gadgets and electronic devices and that require to be ESD materials; said thermoplastic elastomeric compound is applicable to make thin films or coatings that prevent or reduce the corrosion of other metallic components mainly exposed to extreme weather, humidity or salinity conditions.