MX2012002933A - Vacuum capacitor. - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering, in particular to electrotechnical components, and in this specific case to polar capacitors with a fixed capacitance. The technical result of the use of the invention consists in the possibility of producing electrical energy stores with small dimensions and high capacitance and voltages. The vacuum capacitor comprises an anode arranged outside a vacuum chamber, in which a cathode is arranged as well as a dielectric, between said cathode and anode. Said cathode can be designed in such a way that it can be heated by means of an electrically insulated filament disposed in the vacuum chamber, said vacuum chamber being in the form of a dielectric hermetically sealed cylinder, and said anode is arranged on the outer surface of the dielectric hermetically sealed cylinder. The cathode can be a "cold" cathode with a micropeak-type surface, which enables the loss of free electrons from the surface thereof without any heating, and the anode is located on the outer surface of the dielectric cylinder with a high vacuum and a cathode arranged therein.

Description

VACUUM CONDENSER Scope This invention relates to electrical engineering, with fundamental electrical engineering equipment in particular, in this case - with capacitors of constant capacitance for polar conditions.

Level of Application The semiconductor and electrolyte capacitors in use today are based on the principle of polarization. Structurally, they are based on two plates / electrodes, with a dielectric material to be polarized separating them: the plate with positive charge is the anode, while the plate with negative charge is the cathode. The electrical energy is stored by the polarization of the dielectric material. These are the largest of all capacitors: their electrical capacitance is 2 farad, while their operating voltage is 16 volts.

Its weak points are its massive size and its heavy weight.

The Essence of the Inventive Model The technological benefit of this invention is that it allows the construction of small-sized systems of accumulation of electrical energy of high capacitance and voltage.

This technological effect is achieved by using the following set of important features: The inventive model represents a vacuum condenser with an anode located outside the vacuum chamber, which contains a cathode, while a dielectric body is located between them. The design of the cathode allows its direct heating by means of an electrically isolated filament. The cathode is located inside the vacuum chamber designed in the form of a dielectric cylinder, hermetically sealed, while the anode is installed on the outer surface of the cylinder. The cathode is designed as a cold cathode with a microtip surface, which emits free electrons without heat, while the anode is located on the outer surface of the dielectric cylinder with a high vacuum inside, and the cathode is located in said high vacuum .

To confirm the theoretical ideas for a vacuum condenser and to determine the electrical capacitance of the vacuum in it, an experiment was carried out, in which a 6D6A electro-vacuum diode with approximately an internal vacuum volume of 2.3 cm3 was used as a vacuum condenser. For these purposes, a 6D6A diode was placed in a metal beaker filled with transformer oil - to isolate its own anode. The beaker formed the anode of the vacuum condenser (VC). The cathode could be heated, using a filament transformer with an effective voltage of 6.3 V. The capacitor was charged, using rectified voltage voltage (eg, approximately 310 V) by an electrical resistance and an ammeter. Using these devices, a direct current of 10 mA was maintained for 8 hours. In 8 hours, the voltage between the metal beaker (the anode) and the cathode of the 6D6A diode reached 28 V.

The above measurements were used to calculate the vacuum capacitance of the vacuum condenser (VC).

It is well known that qVc = l3 x t3 = Cvc x U3, where I3 = 0.01 A, t3 = 8 hours = 28, 800 s, and U3 = 28V. Consequently, qvc = 0.01 x 28, 800 = 288 coulombs; consequently, the capacitance is calculated as: Cvc = qVc / U3 = 288/28 = 10, 2857 Farads, where I3 is the charging current of the VC, t3 is the charging time of the VC, U3 is the voltage between the anode and the cathode of the VC, qvc is the size of the VC charge when its charge is complete, and Cvc is the calculated VC capacity.

These calculations show that the new VC has a large capacity. Consequently, it can be used in energy storage systems and other energy facilities. The electrical capacitance of a cubic centimeter of vacuum, measured with this method, is in an excess of 5 Farads per one cubic centimeter, while the operating voltage measures several tens of kilovolts. None of the existing capacitors can achieve this range.

This inventive capacitor contains a cathode that can be heated with an electrically insulated filament, which is installed in a dielectric cylinder under high vacuum, an anode located on the outer surface of the hermetically sealed dielectric cylinder.

The cathode in the vacuum condenser is designed as a cold cathode, which emits free electrons from its surface without heat.

The proposed vacuum condenser is of assistance to find the right technological solutions to the following problems: it can store a large electric charge at high voltages, which means a lot of energy, while its own size is small.

Consequently, it can be used as an energy accumulator, which requires little time to charge, and then, the accumulated energy can be discharged under any operating condition, appropriate for energy storage systems for various purposes.

Drawings This invention is shown in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 shows a section of the general assembly of the vacuum condenser with a hot cathode; Figure 2 shows the same assembly with a cold cathode.

In these drawings: 1) cathode, 2) hermetically sealed dielectric cylinder; 3) high vacuum; 4) anode; 5) electrically isolated cathode filament heater.

Example of Practical Application Figure 1 shows a VC with a cathode heated with an electrically isolated filament (5), installed inside a dielectric hermetically sealed cylinder (2), which is under a high vacuum (3), and an anode (4) located on the surface outer of hermetically sealed dielectric cylinder (2).

Figure 2 shows a VC with a cold cathode (1) and a microtip surface, placed in a dielectric hermetically sealed cylinder (2) with high vacuum (3), and an anode (4), located on the external surface of the cylinder dielectric hermetically sealed (2).

The unique feature of the proposed vacuum condenser (VC) is that it contains a hot cathode with an electrically isolated filament or a cold cathode with a surface surface of microtip, which emits electrons for the accumulation of energy in the vacuum in the dielectric cylinder, hermetically sealed, inside said cylinder the cathode is installed, separated from the anode, installed on the outer surface of the hermetically sealed dielectric cylinder with deep vacuum.

The unique characteristic of the energy accumulation process is that the anode is installed outside the vacuum chamber, while the cathode is located inside it, and they are separated with a dielectric body, and in that the energy is accumulated by the accumulation of free electrons in the deep vacuum around the cathode.

Industrial Applicability The charging process of the VC: using a special charging device that emits free electrons (similar to the voltage multiplier in the vacuum tubes, not shown in the drawings), the negative voltage is generated at the cathode relatively to the anode, which causes an emission of free electrons from the cathode to the vacuum; the electrons, which tend toward the anode, can not reach it because the dielectric cylinder, hermetically sealed, is in its path; therefore, they accumulate in the vacuum, while the new free electrons continue to arrive from the cathode, forming a volumetric charge around the cathode. This process continues until the voltage of the electric field of the volumetric charge returns to level with the voltage of the charging device. When this happens, the VC load is complete.

This invention provides the following technological effects: it allows the construction of small, stationary and autonomous high capacity energy storage systems, e.g. , a new generation of sources of energy supply of the accumulator type. The use of this invention will reduce the size and weight of various types of mobile electronic equipment. It will also help in the design of new equipment, self-contained electric welding equipment, for example, that can be used in electrical and radio engineering.

Claims (3)

1. A vacuum condenser with an anode located outside the vacuum chamber, where a cathode is installed and with a dielectric body that separates the anode and the cathode.

2. The vacuum condenser as described in claim 1, with the difference that the aforementioned cathode is designed with the option of being heated with an electrically insulated filament placed inside the vacuum chamber designed in the form of a dielectric cylinder hermetically sealed, while the aforementioned anode is installed on the outer surface of the cylinder.

3. The vacuum condenser of claim 1, with the difference that the cathode is designed as a cold cathode with a microtip surface, which emits free electrons without any cathode heating, while the anode is installed on the external surface of the cathode. Dielectric cylinder with high vacuum inside, where the cathode is located. SUMMARY The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering, in particular to electrotechnical components, and in this case in particular to polar capacitors with a fixed capacitance. The technical result of the use of the invention consists of the possibility of producing electrical energy storage with small dimensions and high capacitance voltages. The vacuum condenser comprises an anode provided outside a vacuum chamber, wherein a cathode is provided, as well as a dielectric, between said cathode and anode. Said cathode can be designed in such a way that it can be heated by an electrically insulated filament disposed in the vacuum chamber, said vacuum chamber having the form of a hermetically sealed dielectric cylinder. The cathode can be a "cold" cathode with a microtip type surface, which allows the loss of free electrons from the surface thereof without any heating, and the anode is located on the outer surface of the dielectric cylinder with a high vacuum and a cathode provided in it. Figure 2