MX2011013047A - Pharmaceutical composition comprising a standardised extract of lonchocarpus punctatus as a natural larvicide control and hatching inhibitor of the tick (rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus) larvae which are susceptible and resistant to organophosphates, pyrethroids and amidines. - Google Patents

Abstract

Described is the use of a methanol, ethanol and hexanic extract of Lonchocarpus punctatus for preparing a pharmaceutical composition for inhibiting the hatching of tick larvae of the Rhipicephalus genus resistant to organophosphates, pyrethroids and amidines.

Description

CHEMICALLY MODIFIED CLAY-BASED COMBUSTIBLE PASTE! i DESCRIPTION! i OBJECT OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a thixotropic fuel base based on alum i chemically modified with improved handling, dosage, performance and safety properties.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention falls within the field of fuels in different physical states. Particularly, it refers to fuels in the form of paste or semi-solid.

BACKGROUND It is well known in the art to make combustible substances, called fire initiators, which aid the ignition of others such as firewood, charcoal, pressed coal dust briquettes and other materials. These fire initiators, which ignite with a flame originated independently such as that of a match or a gas lighter or any material in combustion, are based on a pure liquid organic fuel or mixtures of various fuels of this type and are commercially presented in different ways from liquid, paste or solid.; Usually, said solid compositions are manufactured by impregnation of deferrants solid substrates such as paper, cardboard, blocks and wood sawdust; while what the Pastes are made by dispersing thickener materials in the fuel. The I 'liquid fire initiators have disadvantages; a very important one is that they flow to be deposited on the material to be ignited causing the time that remains ignition to initiate the combustion of the substrate is insufficient, forcing to use an excess of initiator with the risk of a retro inflammation and explosion of the material in its container. Another disadvantage is during its transportation and presentation for sale in store shelves and storage in places of use such as houses and warehouses since they represent an important risk of fire start or propagation in case of an outbreak of fire. Even more, if a spill of the initiator occurs in a 1 fire contingency situation the risk of spreading makes its commercialization.

In an attempt to minimize existing problems with the most commonly used primers, have proposed formulations in the form of paste, mixing the organic liquid fuel with a sufficient amount of an absorbent or thickener. Examples of you are pastás are found in Swiss Patents 470,471 and 482,008 which disclose non-thixotropic alcohol-based pastes in which an inorganic carrier consisting of particles of silicon dioxide in the range of 3 to 40 microns, alone or in combination with other inorganic substances such as titanium, zirconium or aluminum oxides or at least one carbonate of alkali or alkaline earth metals.

I U.S. Patent 3,964,880 discloses a paste based on ethyl alcohol with better characteristics, but not yet thixotropic, which uses as thickeners c verses compounds such as cellulose esters and polyvinylpyrrolidone in addition to dioxide of high purity silicon. As noted, in practice liquids are severely limited organic fuels that can be used and generally the liquid has to be a alcohol. This is undesirable since paraffins are preferable as fuel organic liquid since alcohols are more expensive, more volatile and have a point of lower flash and its use in large quantities as required as fuel It presents a problem of important toxicity. Even apart from the disadvantages that effectively limit the use of alcohols as fuels, the known pastes are very satisfactory since the liquid fuel flows once the paste is ignited, losing itself to the surface on which it is placed, reducing the concentration of initiator, reducing the concentration of heat and representing a risk of fire in unwanted places. Another characteristic of alcohol-based pastes is that they are consumed quickly.; It is more desirable for various reasons to use the combustible composition in fluid form. but without the problems of the liquid organic fuels mentioned, this would prevent the need to form unitary pieces of solid presentations, simplify it packaging and allow the user to easily dose the amount of composition you want for a particular occasion; In addition, it would allow the user to place the composition without have direct contact with her and facilitate an intimate contact between the fuel to be on and the initiating composition of fire.

Then, a combination of fluidity properties in its dosage and consistency and absence of fluidity during its ignition and the use of liquid fuels of high flash point and low volatility are desirable to provide greater safety in its transport, exhibition, dosage and better performance in its use as a fire starter. In this context, the state of the art shows different approaches to the I Obtaining an initiator with better qualities; US patent 3 * 801, 292 discloses a combustible composition in the form of a gel or paste that solidifies upon ignition by the polymerization of a urea-formaldehyde resin included in its formulation, However, one disadvantage of it is the inclusion of an acid catalyst and the generation of triethylamine, formaldehyde, both chemical compounds considered high toxicity and, additionally, the generation of other toxic products from the combustion of the resin, such as nitrogen oxides and carbon nitrogen compounds, apart from formaldehyde, which represents a great risk for users and people around the place of use of the composition. ! Japanese patent JP2000351981 discloses a very particular fuel composition in the form of a gel which uses a silicone polymer as the thickening agent and a hydrocarbon of the petroleum fraction with an aromatic content of less than or equal to 5% and an organic fuel liquid. difference of less than 10 degrees Celsius between the distillation temperature of 10% and distillation of 90% and does not mention alternatives of liquid organic fuels so it is very limited.

On the other hand, the Spanish patent ES8301498 discloses a fuel paste incorporating expanded perlite to modify the density and combustion rate of the pa $ ta and to avoid, by means of said incorporation, the flow thereof while burning.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES Figure 1. Thixotropic behavior of the fuel paste that the present invention discloses. It is possible to clearly identify that the higher the cutting speed on the paste, the viscosity of the mass is reduced. The indicated behavior is similar for different possibilities described in the examples shown for the better understanding and realization of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION An object of this invention is to provide a fuel paste with the qualities of being thixotropic to offer the best flow properties according to the conditions of use. Another object of the invention is that the fuel paste has improved safety characteristics with respect to the risk of fire initiation and propagation, as well as management in its dosage. Another additional objective is that the paste can be added with additives that impart color and odor according to the application needs. Another feature of the invention is that the combustible composition once ignited has a longer duration of combustion over the similar compositions described in the art.

The fuel paste includes in its composition the use of 1) an organic combustible liquid or a mixture of several, 2) a chemically modified clay or a mixture of several that functions as a viscosifier and that creates thixotropic properties, 3) uho or i more ignition adjuvants that can be an oxygenated organic combustible liquid I | chosen from the group of alcohols and ketones and which facilitates the ignition of the mixture and which helps the clay to develop its properties to the maximum and 4) additives! They impart color and smell to the mix.

The organic liquid fuels that can be employed, alone or in combination, in the present invention include: hydrocarbons, such as kerosene, naphthas, 'g isoyl:, mineral turpentine; mineral oils, oils of vegetable origin, biodisel, methyl esters, Fatty acids and propyols of 12 to 20 carbons from the saponification of vegetable oils, and / or fats or oils of animal origin. Among the useful vegetable oils are mentioned as an example, and without limitation the list, those of cotton, safflower, soybeans, corn, linseed, olive, and the like, In general the proportion of the combustible organic liquid in the composition is 20% 90% by weight, and more preferably between 50% and 90% by weight of the total composition.

The combustible paste requires the use of a liquid adjuvant whose function is to interact with the chemically modified clay to develop the properties of ? thixotropy and to contribute to the initial ignition of the fuel paste. i; 1 : Organic liquid fuels that can be used as adjuvants include, alone or in combination: low molecular weight alcohols such as methanol, ethane, n-propanol and isopropanol, ethanol is preferred; low molecular weight ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone as illustrative but not limiting examples and of which acetone is preferred. These liquid adjuvant fuels can contain water up to 10%. The proportion of the adjuvant is between 1% and 60% by weight, and more preferably between 5% and 15% by weight of the total composition.

The visccosificantes materials that can be used, alone or in combination, include: clays modified with organic compounds that make them dispersed in organic media. The proportion of the chemically modified clay is between 1% and 20% by weight, and more preferably between 5% and 15% by weight of the total composition.

These chemically modified clays are widely known in the art for the manufacture of fats and as suspending agents in paint industries, oil inks; however, the literature does not mention the application in combustible pastes of any kind. Chemically modified clays are described in U.S. Patent Nos. 2,033,856; 2,531,427; 2,966,506; 4,105,578; 4.20, 218; 4,412,018; of which a description of its obtaining is incorporated here.

In general, these clays are obtained by chemical modification of natural clays with cation exchange capacity that include bentonite, esmctite, montmorillonite, hectorite, saponite, beidelite, stevensite, attapulgite and the like, which are mixed with organic bases under appropriate conditions to effect the base exchange. It has been found that it is preferable to use the chemically modified clays based on bentonite, smectite, montmorillonite and hectorite. The organic bases are preferably titratable with mineral acids. Among the reactive bases are many alkaloids and cyclic, aliphatic and heterocyclic amines. Some of the preferred reactive bases for the chemical modification of clays are the aliphatic amines, their salts and quaternary ammonium salts. Examples of such amines and salts are: decyl amine, dodecyl amine, tetradecyl amine, hexadecylamine, octadecyl amine, hexadecyl ammonium acetate, octadecylammonium acetate, dimethyl didecyl hexadecyl ammonium acetate, dimethyl didecyl ammonium acetate, dimethyl acetate dioctadecyl ammonium, dimethyl dodecyl hexadecyl ammonium acetate, dimethyl hexadecyl octadecyl ammonium acetate, methyl benzyl dodecyl ammonium acetate, methyl benzyl octadecylammonium acetate and the corresponding quaternary ammonium chlorides and chlorides. These compounds are exchanged for the naturally occurring ions found in the clays and converted into dispersible materials in drier liquids i such as those described in the present invention as combustible organic liquids, obtaining a thixotropic paste that does not flow during its combustion. For the preparation of the fuel paste it has been found that the use of chemically modified clays with quaternary ammonium compounds of the type is preferable.

I 9! where R1 = CH3; R2 = CH3, benzyl; R3 and R4 are alkyl groups containing a mixture of 1 14 to 20 carbon atoms; and where M- is preferably selected from the group consisting of Cl- (chlorides), Br- (bromides), N02- (nitro), OH- (hydroxide), acetate, methosulfate and mixtures thereof.

Such modification of the clay is perfectly compatible with the aforementioned organic liquid fuels and its combustion products do not present toxicity in addition to that the combustion residue is the clay originally used in the preparation of the organophilic clay, thus offering safety comparatively with other thickeners known in the art. They are widely known commercially as Tixogel ($), of SudChemie (Munich, Germany) and Claytone® from Southern Clay Products, Inc. (Zapata, Texas), to name a few.

It is possible to add other additives to the composition such as carbon powder or black smoke to impart black or other type of pigments and / or organic dyes and / or inorganic for other color effects in addition to substances that impart and fire you aromas such as certain woods such as mesquite, for example, or onion example to make its use pleasant.

The preparation of the composition of the present invention follows procedures known in the technique and involves placing the organic fuel liquid in a container Cylindrical of adequate capacity and equipped with a high shear stirrer. The agent Thickener is added slowly under vigorous and constant stirring over e | liquid organic fuel and sufficient time is given for its complete dispersion at high shear rate, during this process, the mixture will increase its viscosity until it reaches t i the consistency that goes from a highly viscous fluid to that of a super paste, depending on the particular formulation. Once this point has been reached, which can be identified by frequent measurement of the viscosity of the mixture, the adjuvant is added, which causes the consistency of the mixture to reach that of a self-supporting, non-fluid and consistent paste. If additional additives are used, the point of the process for its addition is initially with the organic combustible liquid.

The following examples illustrate the advantages and application of the invention.

EXAMPLES, Example 1. General typical procedure for the preparation of the fuel paste. ! In a 1 liter beaker, 255 g of paraffinic oil (Tecnol 100) and 24 g of petroleum naphtha known as Exxol D-40 are placed. It is introduced into the vessel and an arrow is immersed with a Cowles-type dispersing disc at its lower end and the upper end is attached to a high-speed motor with speed control. Stirring is started at 350 rpm and 21g of Tixogel VP (SudChemié) is slowly added to the mixture. The Tixogel is dispersed for 20 minutes at high speed and 25 g of ethyl alcohol are added to obtain a combustible paste. The Brookfield viscosity (6 r.p.m., needle 6, reading at 1 minute) of the paste is 15,300 cps. The thixotropic behavior of the fuel paste is presented in figure 1. The orignal viscosity is recovered by suspending agitation.

Example 2. Using the procedure of example 1, a fuel paste is prepared now using soybean vegetable oil instead of paraffinic oil and alcbhol isopropyl instead of ethyl alcohol. A paste with a viscosity is obtained (6 r.p.m., needle 6, reading at 1 minute) of 33,200 cps. The thixotropic behavior of the fuel paste is presented in figure 1. The orignal viscosity is recovered at suspend the agitation.

Example 3. Two other combustible pastes are prepared with the indications of example 1 > with the same liquid fuels and in proportions indicated in table 1. The results of viscosity at different shear stresses are shown in Figure 1 in which it is observed the thixotropic behavior of all the formulas. i Table 1. Composition of combustible pastes.

The original viscosity of the previous pastes is recovered by suspending agitation. ? The combustible pastes prepared in the manner indicated in the previous examples are determined some characteristics relevant to their application and are compared with those of commercial products identified as follows:! Commercial 1: Solid alcohol Commercial 2: Pressed sawdust \ Commercial 3: Conventional fire initiator liquid 'Commercial 4: Alcohol gel Table 2. Comparison of the characteristics relevant to your application of the promotional pastes of this application vs. similar commercially available products.

I In performance tests with commercial charcoal and compressed charcoal powder briquettes, the advantage of the fuel paste of the present invention over the current commercial products is clearly evident, obtaining sufficient ignition without the need for additional product use. In these tests the product of the invention is added in sufficient quantity on a first layer of suitable pieces of coal and / or briquettes and covering it with more pieces of carbon of suitable size to form coal useful for the desired purpose. The tested commercial products are used in quantity and procedure according to the manufacturer. All these operations are easily recognized and performed by people skilled in the use of these products.

The examples presented above are sufficient for someone skilled in the art to be able to identify the advantages of the present invention, and that have not been achieved by any other composition conceived for this application, and are presented in an illustrative and non-limiting manner. Other variants can be made below the lines i presented in the present invention and are contained therein.

Claims (9)

CLAIMS Having sufficiently described my invention, I consider it a novelty and therefore claim as my exclusive property, what is contained in the following clauses:

1. A paste fuel composition characterized in that it is a thixotropic paste and comprising a dispersion of at least one chemically modified clay as a viscosifying agent in an organic liquid fuel, at least one adjuvant and further additives.

2. A combustible composition according to clause 1 in which the chemically modified clay is at least one belonging to the group of benthic, smectite, montmorillonite, hectorite, saponite, beidelite, stevensite, attapulgite and the like modified with quaternary ammonium compounds of the type where R1 = CH3; R2 = CH3, benzyl; R3 and R4 are alkyl groups containing a mixture of 14 to 20 carbon atoms; and where M- is preferably of the group consisting of Cl-, Br-, N02-, OH-, acetate, methosulfate and mixtures thereof. I

3. A fuel composition according to clause 1 in which the fuel is an organic fuel liquid or mixture of several and which includes hydrocarbons, such as kerosene, naphthas, diesel, mineral turpentine, mineral oils, oils of vegetable origin, within these are mentioned as an example and without limitation the I! list, those of cotton, safflower, soybeans, corn, flaxseed, olive, and the like, and / or fats or oils of animal origin.

A fuel composition according to clause 1 in which the adjuvant is at least one organic liquid fuel which can be, alone or in combination: low molecular weight alcohols such as methanol, ethanol n-propanol and isopropranol, of the above is preferred ethanol; low molecular weight ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone as non-limiting illustrative examples, of which acetone is preferred. These liquid adjuvant fuels can contain water up to 10%.

A combustible composition according to clause 1 wherein the additional additives may be organic and / or inorganic pigments or dyes, such as carbon black, and / or coal dust.

A combustible composition according to clause 1 in which other additives can be compounds that impart characteristic aromas of cy woods that recall vegetables, legumes and / or foods.

A fuel composition according to clause 1 in which the proportion of the organic liquid fuel is from 20% to 90% of the total weight of the fuel paste and preferably from 50% to 90% of the total.

8. A combustible composition according to clause 1 in which the proportion of the chemically modified clay is from 1% to 20% of the total weight of the fuel pulp and preferably from 5% to 15% of the total.

9. A fuel composition according to clause 1 in which the proportion of the adjuvant is from 1% to 60% of the total weight of the fuel pulp and preferably from 5% to 15% of the total.