MX2010013858A - Cold process for manufacturing different articles based on epoxy resin, the articles created by this process and use thereof. - Google Patents

Abstract

A cold process for the manufacture of different articles based on epoxy resin, which includes the steps of preparing the mixture of modified epoxy resin containing bisphenol A, bisphenol F, novalac or the derivatives thereof with a catalyst selected from adducts of modified cycloaliphatic amines, a portion of mixture being poured or applied with a brush or extruded over the support means which would be a mould or a base previously prepared to receive the resin, the support material may be of any material as wood, metallic sheet, glass, fabric or any other type of support, also may be applied directly into the floor, either of concrete, wood, marble, cement or any other material which size may be varied according to the place where the mixture resin-catalyst is to be applied, if desired, the mould may be filled with decorative objects arranged between the layer of the resin-catalyst mixture or arranged directly over the mould, the objects being coated with one or several layers of the mixture and let dry until the polymerization of the resin is completed. The order of the steps may vary depending on the mould and the article to be obtained, which may be two-dimensional articles with slim layers or three-dimensional articles of large dimensions. The articles created by the inventive process are also included and the use thereof.

Description

PROCEDURE IN COLD TO MANUFACTURE VARIOUS ARTICLES BASED ON EPOXY RESIN, THE ARTICLES CREATED BY THIS PROCEDURE AND THE USE OF THEMSELVES FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention can be applied in any field where it is required to divide a space or as a shelf, it is mainly aimed at the field of architecture and especially in the field of decoration.

OBJECTIVE OF THE INVENTION Currently the placement of a floor, wall or ceiling in a construction is an arduous job, because it is tedious, slow, since the setting of the concrete takes more than 2 weeks to be done, it is also expensive and on the other hand, a floor or a finished wall in concrete is not aesthetic and is without any appeal, so, necessarily have to invest in a finish that greatly increases the cost of construction and interior decoration. With the intention of eliminating or at least diminishing some of these drawbacks, the present invention is presented.

BACKGROUND Epoxy resins are polymeric materials widely used as adhesives and as polymer matrices for composite materials with glass fiber, carbon or polyamide. Among its applications can be listed the aerospace industry, aviation, guided weapons, construction, ships and other vehicles, molding parts, coating, packaging and encapsulation of semiconductor devices.

These resins are the product of the reaction between an epoxy base (the molecules of which it is composed have at their ends epoxy groups) and a hardener (an anhydride or an amine substance). As a result of this reactive process, which is usually called curing, the size of the molecules that are formed is growing, reaching the end of a rigid material.

An epoxy resin or polyepoxide is a thermosetting polymer that hardens when mixed with a catalyst or hardening agent, also called a healer. The known epoxy resins are made of epichlorohydrin and bisphenol-A, bisphenol-F, novolac and drivates of these as diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A or other aliphatic polyols such as glycerol, the most frequent being product of a reaction between bisphenol-A and the epichlorohydrin; Bisphenol-A is obtained from phenol and acetone. Epoxy resins can be characterized by a glycidyl ether structure and are usually composed of two components that are mixed before being used causing the resin to solidify, curing, polymerizing or drying it at room temperature, during which curing is formed cross-links which makes their molecular weight is high, commonly cured with a variety of amines and amides.

The resulting material has good properties, such as high modulus of elasticity, low creep and good behavior at high temperatures. However, it is quite fragile and very sensitive to the growth of cracks. To solve these problems, different alternatives have been proposed. One of the most successful has been the introduction of a liquid elastomer (copolymer of butadiene and acrylonitrile), in the uncured epoxy resin by then controlling the polymerization reactions to induce phase separation. The modified epoxy resin will then have two phases, one of which will be epoxy, which will be the majority and will act as a matrix and the other will be composed of small dispersed elastomeric particles, joined to the matrix. The tenacity of the resulting system will be greater than that of the unmodified epoxy resin and since the amount of elastomer added is usually small, there will be only a small reduction in the value of other properties, such as the modulus and the temperature of the thermodistors.

Properties of epoxy resins: - Moisture and adhesion are optimal.

- Good electrical insulation.

- Good mechanical resistance.

- They resist humidity.

- Resist the attack of corrosive fluids.

- Resist elevated temperatures - Excellent chemical resistance - Little contraction when curing - Excellent adhesive properties.

Uses: Depending on the molecular weight, epoxy resins can have many applications, from adhesives to coatings for cans and drums among others: - Paints and finishes - Adhesives - Applications of epoxy resins in the construction industry: Epoxy resins are used in the construction industry to join blocks and as mortar in buildings, bonding between concretes, mortars, joints, membranes, anchors, paints and structural repair.

- Composite materials - Electrical and electronic systems - Consumption and nautical applications, and in structural parts in aircraft.

- Industry TYPES OF CURING AGENTS The hardeners can be classified into two large groups: Catalytic and polyfunctional.

The catalysts act as initiators of a homopolymerization of the resins, whereas the polyfunctional ones, in stoichiometric quantities, act as reactants or comonomers giving rise to the crosslinking of the resin molecules through themselves.

The polyfunctional agents are of diverse chemical structure, characterized by the presence of active hydrocarbons, the most widely used include primary and secondary aliphatic amines, primary and secondary polyamides, polybasic acids and anhydrides.

They can also be classified according to their working temperature: cold curing agents and hot curing agents. The first group acts at ordinary temperatures even in humid atmospheres. The hot curing agents do not react at room temperature, and therefore can work with stable mixtures of i resin and hardener. Only when the temperature rises around 120 ° C does the cross-linking occur.

If the curing operation has been correct, there should be no epoxy groups or excess reagents.

The most common hardening agents can be classified as follows: Amines: These can be primary, secondary or tertiary aliphatic amines, aromatic polyamines or cycloaliphatic amines.

Aliphatic amines: They are mostly low viscosity liquids with a characteristic and irritating odor. In general they are small and very volatile molecules, which basically react through their free hydrogen radicals.

EXAMPLE Dethylene triamine (DETA) Aromatic polyamines: At present they are being little used due to their high degree of toxicity. They are usually solid amines that need to be blended and hot mixed with a resin and then cured at high temperatures. Due to this process many corrosive and toxic amine vapors are emitted. Once cured this system provides good chemical, electrical resistance, excellent resistance to hydrolysis and good thermal resistance.

EXAMPLE ?,? '- methylene dianiline Cycloaliphatic amines: unlike aliphatic amines have aromatic rings this makes them have lower volatility, greater stability to light, less reactivity and better color retention. In pure state we find great difficulties in curing at room temperature, due to its low reactivity.

Adducts of amines: They are mixtures of resins that have reacted partially and that have an excess of amine. With this we obtain a larger and more volatile chain, have a less critical mixing ratio, generate less exotherm, heal more completely and have less toxicity.

EXAMPLE N - (H ^ ADTA of amina com DETA Polyamides: These compounds act in a similar way to aliphatic polyamines. They are obtained through reactions of dimerization of aliphatic amines with diacids or long chain fatty acids, resulting in high molecular weight polymers that vary from a viscous liquid to a solid.

EXAMPLE R = cadeia longa n = 5 to 15 R - long chain Aromatic and cycloaliphatic anhydrides: These substances require high temperatures to react, do not react at room temperature. They have a long latency time once incorporated into the resin and provide excellent thermal resistance.

Formaldehyde resins: In this group are aminoresinol (urea and melamine-formaldehyde), phenolic resin (phenol-formaldehyde).

In the state of the art we find the patent MX 228232 entitled multicolored epoxy coating system, granted to Illinois Tool Works, Inc., in 2005, which teaches techniques to color the resins so that different colors are obtained with different shades . Certainly, the products of the present invention can be colored, but in the present invention the known technique is used to color the resins and that the products obtained are more decorative, so that the patent MX 228232 does not affect the present invention that is intended. protect by patent.

On the other hand, a method for manufacturing decorative plastic objects based on catalyzed resins is known in the state of the art. In a mold is placed a certain amount of a mixture of resin and catalyst that can be colorless or colored by appropriate conventional methods, is allowed to catalyze and before it completely catalyzes a decorative object is added and then another layer of transparent resin with a suitable catalyst that can be of the same type of resin as the previous or different one.

In this way, keyrings, plastic plates, flying knobs, etc., have been made, all of restricted size, relatively small and in a processing sequence that can not be modified, in addition, because the colorful resin layer is colored where The resin is mixed with the catalyst so that the coloration is uniform.

On the other hand, in the method of the present invention, the order of the resin layers can be modified and the stage where the inclusion object is added can be the first or the last one, besides, it can be made of any size, while in the method of the state of the art, it is used only for small mold sizes. In the process of the present invention, the resin layers can be painted or decorated in a capricious manner giving an irregularly shaped finish.

DEFINITIONS The process of the invention is carried out at room temperature, referring to "cold process" means that it is carried out without any heating, so it is carried out at room temperature, the reaction of resin and catalyst can be slightly exothermic, but the process does not require heating.

The terms resin, hardener, curing agent, curing agent, catalyst and others related to polymers have the same meaning as in the known chemical terminology.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION On a base or mold that serves as a support material, various decorative objects are attached (optional), a common resin that can be transparent or colored is placed, which has previously been mixed with a suitable catalyst, then this mixture is added to the base or mold, it is given the required finish according to the article that you want to obtain and it is allowed to dry the necessary time depending on the combination of resin and catalyst. The invention includes the articles obtained by this method and the uses thereof.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION EPOXY RESINS Epoxy resins are the result of the reaction that occurs when mixing an epoxy base (containing oxirane groups) with a hardener. After the mixing begins the reactive process, which can be accelerated by adding a certain substance. Other products can also be added, such as piastifiers, diluents (reactive or otherwise), solvents and mineral fillers, either incorporated into the epoxy base or hardener, or when the mixture of these two is produced.

Figure 2.2 Epoxy group u EPOXY BASE Epoxy bases contain molecules that have two or more oxirane groups. The main process to obtain them is the reaction between a compound that has an active hydrogen and epichlorohydrin, followed by a dehydrohalogenation.

They can also be prepared by the reaction of olefins with organic peroxyacids.

BASE EPOXY WITH DIGLICIDYL ETHER OF BISFENOL A (DGEBA) DGEBA is one of the substances most commonly used to obtain epoxy resins. It is obtained from the reaction between epichlorohydrin and 2,2-bis- (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, which is known as bisphenol A.

The resulting product (DGEBA) has an epoxy group at each end of the chain. Industrially, it is prepared from a molar ratio of epichlorohydrin and bisphenol A of 10: 1. The product obtained is liquid, has a value of n equal to 0.2 and a molecular weight between 370 g / mol and 380 g / mol approximately.

If the molar ratio of epichlorohydrin and bisphenol A is less than 2: 1, a semi-solid or solid epoxy base is obtained, being n between 2 and 30. To obtain epoxy bases of high molecular weight, DGEBA of n = 0 is reacted with bisphenol A. In principle, the number of epoxy groups per molecule of DGEBA would have to be two. In practice it is somewhat smaller due to the hydrolysis of part of the epoxy groups by the water originated during the reaction. Other products can also be formed due to incomplete dehydrochlorination or an abnormal addition of epichlorohydrin, which can have a great influence on the properties of the epoxy resins that are subsequently obtained.

BASE EPOXY OF BISFENOL F Bisphenol F is obtained from the reaction between phenol and formaldehyde, the former being in excess. The resulting product is a mixture of isomers.

If this mixture is reacted with an excess of epichlorohydrin, in the presence of sodium hydroxide.

The epoxy base of bisphenol F is obtained. The degree of polymerization is approximately 0.15. Its viscosity is lower than those obtained from bisphenol A, but its functionality is higher (there are more epoxy groups per molecule). This means that the epoxy resins obtained from bisphenol F have a higher crosslink density than those formed from DGEBA.

BASES EPOXY NOVOLACAS There are two types of novolac epoxy bases, those of phenol and those of cresol. The former are obtained by reacting phenol (R = H) with formaldehyde and the latter by reacting o-cresol (R = CH3) with formaldehyde. The reaction is catalyzed by an acid, obtaining a phenolic resin which is subsequently reacted with epichlorohydrin.

The epoxy novolac bases of phenol are similar to those of bisphenol F. The functionality of the novolac epoxy bases ranges from 2 to 6, so the crosslink density of the subsequently obtained resins is high.

EPOXY BASES FROM NITROGEN COMPOUNDS They are obtained from the reaction of epichlorohydrin with nitrogen-containing compounds such as, for example, 7-aminophenol, methylenedianiline and cyanuric acid. The one obtained from methylenediamine is tetrafunctional, its resin is used as a matrix of composite materials.

EPOXY CYCLAL-PHASE BASES Its resins are used for electronic encapsulation systems and as electrical insulators. One of the most important is 3,4-epoxycyclohexanecarboxylate (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) methyl.

HARDENERS They contain substances that react with epoxy bases. Some react with their epoxy groups, others with the hydroxyl groups present in the bases and finally there are the cationic and ammonium initiators (catalytic hardeners) that act as initiators of the homopolymerization of the epoxy bases.

AMINIC HARDENERS Hardeners with primary and secondary amines are the most used industrially for obtaining epoxy resins. It is worth mentioning the aliphatic polyamines, such as diethylene tetramine and triethylene tetramine. Because they are relatively toxic since their reaction with the epoxy base would be very fast, the hardeners containing these amines are their adducts, which are obtained by reacting an excess of epoxy-based amine, which solves the aforementioned problems . Cycloaliphatic polyamines whose viscosity is low are also used. They are served in the form of adducts. Among them are isophorone diamine and 1,2-diaminocyclohexane.

There are also aromatic polyamines which have the disadvantage that they are poorly soluble in the epoxy bases. To avoid this problem, adducts of these amines are used. Among them, mention may be made of 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane (MDA), 4,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfone (DDS) and m-phenylenediamine.

Polyamides are the product of the reaction between a polyamine and a dimer or trimer of fatty acid and are the most commonly used as hardeners. The polyamidoarnines are obtained by reacting a polyamine and fatty acids.

ANHYDRIDES The anhydrides can also be used as hardeners to obtain epoxy resins. They are usually added a catalyst, such as tris (dimethylaminomethyl) phenol, to promote the reaction with the epoxy base. Among the most commonly used, include phthalic anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride, hexahydrophthalic anhydride and methyl nadic anhydride.

POLYPHENOLS To use this type of hardeners it is necessary to add an accelerant, since the reaction between the epoxy and phenol groups is slow.

HARDENERS ACTING ON THE HYDROXYL GROUPS This type of hardener is used to react with high molecular weight epoxy bases and obtain a resin with good chemical and mechanical resistance. Mention may be made of melamine-formaldehyde, urea-formaldehyde and phenol-formaldehyde, which react with the hydroxyl groups of the epoxy base, producing a three-dimensional structure. Secondary reactions are also produced in which the epoxy group intervenes. The polyisocyanates are also used as hardeners, producing a reaction with the hydroxyl groups of the epoxy base, once they have been mixed therewith.

CATALYTIC HARDENERS They are used in the homopolymerization reactions of the epoxy bases obtaining a cured polymer of polyester type structure. Among these hardeners, tertiary amines and boron trifluoride (in the form of a complex such as BF3-ether or BF3-amine) can be mentioned. These substances are also used as catalysts in epoxy-based reactions with amine hardeners or anhydrides.

Epoxy resins modified in general are used in the present invention, among which Bis A (bisphenol-A diglycidyl ether) commercially available under the name of EPON 828 from the company Shell Chemical Houston TX 77252 EE is even more preferred. UU; DER 311, DER 330, DER 361, DEN 439 all four of the company Dow Chemical CO, P.O. Box 1026 Midland, MI 48674 USA UU; Epalloy 8230, 8250 from CVC Company, 2980 Rt. 73 North Marple Shade, NJ 08052 EE. UU; Phenol-formaldehyde diglycidyl ether polymer (EPN 1138, 1139) marketed under the name of Novolac Epoxy Resin from Ciba Specialty Chemicals, Additive Div., 540 White Plains Road Tarrytown, NY 10591 EE. UU and the YD-114 of the company Chemik, S. A. de C. V. New Jersey 4010-A Fracc. Abraham Lincoln, Monterrey, N. L.

Mexico; of which EPON 828, DER 311, DER 330, DER 361, DEN 439 and YD-114 are advantageously preferred, EPON 828 and YD-114 and even more especially YD-114 are preferred.

Preferred hardeners are modified aliphatic cycloamine adducts in general, adducts of modified cycloaliphatic amine are preferred, they are mixtures of resins that have partially reacted and have an excess of amine that have aromatic rings with which they have lower volatility, greater stability to the light and better color retention; among which are preferred modified cycloaliphatic amine IPDA, marketed under the name Pacific Anchor 1618 of the company Air Products of Aliento wn, Filadelfía, EE. UU; aliphatic polyamine marketed under the name Pacific Anchor 1768 or Versamine 642 CE of Air Products or Cgnis of Allentown, Philadelphia or Ambler, Philadelphia, USA. UU; modified aliphatic polyoxypropylene amine marketed under the name Pacific Anchor 1769 or Versamine 643 CE and EPO 50 from the Chemik Company, S. A. de C. V. New Jersey 4010-A Fracc. Abraham Lincoln, Monterrey, N. L. Mexico; of which EPO 50 is advantageously preferred.

The modified epoxy resin (YD-114) has the following characteristics: LIQUID EPOXY RESIN, MODIFIED OF VERY LOW VISCOSITY.

• EXCELLENT MECHANICAL PROPERTIES.

• GOOD CHEMICAL RESISTANCE.

• HEALTH WITH A GREAT VARIETY OF HARDENERS.

• COMPATIBLE WITH VARIOUS TYPES OF LOADS, THINNERS AND ACCELERATORS.

• EXCELLENT ACCESSION AND TRANSPARENCY.

• VERY LOW VISCOSITY AND THEREFORE EASY HANDLING.

• MINIMUM EXOTERMA.

PROPERTIES: Brookfield viscosity 500 - 700 cps @ 25 ° C Color 1 max. gardner - hellige Density 0.99 - 1.20 g / cm3 Epoxy equivalent in weight 189 - 200 g / eq.

Flash point 161 ° C Life time 1 year at 25 ° C in closed drum and dry environment.

Liquid appearance with low transparent viscosity, free of foreign particles, slightly yellow.

APPLICATIONS: Coatings and encapsulations in general, in the construction area is used as a base for floors in various colors, laminates, adhesives, tooling.

This product tends to crystallize at low temperatures, this does not alter its quality, if this happens hot the resin in bath manages between 50 - 70 ° C for two hours.

The preferred modified hardener (EPO 50) has the following characteristics: ADHERED MODIFIED ALIPHATIC CYCLOAMINE • LOW VISCOSITY.

• EXCELLENT FINISHING FLEXIBILITY.

• GOOD RESISTANCE CARBONATION (SIMILAR TO WATER STAINS). . EXCELLENT FINISHED IN COLOR.

• AT LOW CURING TEMPERATURES, DOES NOT TEND TO EXUD.

• PRODUCES FINISHES WITH GOOD BRIGHTNESS.

PROPERTIES: It is a slightly yellow transparent liquid of low viscosity, Brookfield viscosity of 80 - 180 cps at 25 ° C, Color 2max gardner - hellige, Density 0.99-1.02 g / cm3, Total amine value 280 - 325 meq. of koh / g., Melting time 25 minutes (at 25 ° C, 150 g of mixture), Mixture ratio 50 parts by weight (per 100 parts by weight of resin with e.w. of l90 g / eq.), Flash point 120 ° C, Life time 1 year at 25 ° C in a closed container.

APPLICATIONS: Solvent-free and high-solids coatings, self-leveling floors, mortars, grouts or floor seals, adhesives, encapsulates and for decorative use.

The proportion is around 3 parts of resin and about one part of healer.

PROCESS OF THE INVENTION The process of the invention consists of 3 or 4 stages, depending on the desired final article.

BASE SELECTION STAGE: First the base or mold is selected, which is any material such as wood, metal sheet, metal, glass, fabric or any other material that serves as support, it can also be directly the floor, either concrete, wood, marble, cement or any other material that serves as a support whose dimensions may vary according to the place where the resin-catalyst mixture is going to be applied; since the mixture composed of the resin and the catalyst is a liquid composition, the support is required to be a physically limited solid surface, when the support is the floor and the invention is to be made on it, the physical limits can be the walls of the room in which it is preferred to place the invention or suitable physical limits can be placed if one prefers to apply the invention in only part of the room.

FILLING STAGE (optional): Once the base is prepared, if desired, decorative objects such as stones, sea shells, colored plastic fish, marbles, sweets, stamps can be fixed to the base by means of some glue. postcards, prints, pieces of earthenware or clay, you can use any material you want to use as a decorative element. You can also leave the base without any decorative object.

STAGE OF MIXING AND EMPTYING: When the previous step has been carried out, either the decorative objects were stuck on the base or the base was left without decorative objects.

A quantity of modified epoxy resin selected from the group consisting of Bis A epoxy resin (diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A) is poured over a mold; EPON 828; DER 31 1, DER 330, DER 361, DEN 439; Epalloy 8230, 8250; Phenol-formaldehyde polymer of diglycidyl ether (EPN 1 138, 1 139); and YD-114; of which EPON 828, DER 31 1, DER 330, DER 361, DEN 439 and YD-114 are advantageously preferred, moreover the YD-114, which can be transparent or previously treated with a dye according to the current coloring techniques Resins, this will depend on the design selected and the wishes of the end user, is added a suitable catalyst selected from the group consisting of modified cycloaliphatic amine adducts, among which are preferred modified cycloaliphatic amine IPDA, (Pacific Anchor 1618) aliphatic polyamine ( Pacific Anchor 1768 or Versamine 642 CE) modified aliphatic polyoxypropylene amine (Pacific Anchor 1769 or Versamine 643 CE) and EPO 50, of which EPO 50 is advantageously preferred, are mixed and after about 3 minutes this mixture can be used, the mixture is emptied onto the previously prepared base or mold and onto the decorative objects contained in the base or mold, the application of the mixture can be done by emptying, with a brush or by extrusion, the resin can be of any thickness, which will depend on the particular taste and the final model that is to be obtained, if objects were stuck on the base, for example shells of sea, sufficient resin-catalyst mixture is added to cover the sea shells or any other object stuck on the support medium. You can use the same process to create walls, soffits, three-dimensional items such as tables, chairs, vases, etc.

It is important to emphasize that the resin must be emptied on a surface prepared for this purpose, since some materials are very porous, for example wood, it is recommended that they be prepared with sealant before applying the mixture of resin and catalyst, on the other hand, It is recommended that some materials be prepared to withstand the abrasion of the resin.

DRYING STAGE: Once the above is done, this material is allowed to dry (catalyze) what happens in a period between 7 and 15 days, which can be reduced until a period of two days, this depends on the catalyst used, the temperature environmental, the amount of humidity in the environment, the drier the environment, the faster will catalyze the mixture used.

It should be noted that although during the mixture of resin and catalyst there could be an exothermic reaction, that is, a release of heat with the consequent increase in the temperature of the mixture, the base and even the environment, which depends on the resin and the catalyst, at no time in the described process, heat is applied to favor mixing or drying, therefore, the process of the present invention is carried out cold.

It will be appreciated in the embodiments described below that the invention can be performed in another order than described above.

ARTICLES OBTAINED WITH THE PROCESS DESCRIBED With the described process you can get very varied items ranging from floor coverings, walls, ceilings, protective layer for walls adorned with inlaid crockery, talavera, mud, glass or any other object embedded in the wall or ceiling. In addition to other articles as will be seen later.

DECORATED FLOOR: Suppose you want to obtain a decorated floor in a room whose surface is concrete, which is ready to be painted or covered with tiles or wood in a traditional way.

On the concrete floor of a 1 X 2 meter room whose side walls serve as a physical barrier an embodiment of the invention is going to be placed, the concrete floor is finished, set and dry, ready to be decorated. A transparent resin-catalyst mixture is prepared in a suitable container that resists the abrasion of the resinFor example, a metal bucket, to 9 liters of YD-114 resin is added 3 liters of EPO 50 catalyst, mixed thoroughly and left to rest for at least 3 minutes, half of the mixture is added to the floor and let 50% catalyze, that is, when the process is in the middle of drying, for this example, it will be about 4 days, depending on the characteristics of the ambient temperature, environmental humidity and other factors known in the art.

Subsequently, a mirror of 0.5 X 0.5 meters is placed when the resin is catalyzed at 50%, if you prefer you can include three-dimensional objects on the resin, these are going to stick on the resin since the resin serves as glue, immediately , the other half of the transparent resin is added and it is allowed to catalyze completely, this second resin will adhere to the first one so that they will form a very solid block, firm and well adhered to the concrete floor. The final result will be a floor decorated with a mirror as if there were water on the floor with and / or three-dimensional objects stuck on the floor that would give the appearance of a fountain or similar.

DECORATED WALL: On a block of wood a figure is worked so that around the figure the wood is flat, the block of wood and the carved figure are treated with a sealer to cover the pores of the wood, it is placed in a mold of the right size of the piece of wood. On the other hand, an amount of the resin-catalyst mixture of the previous form is prepared and poured on the piece of wood worked in the mold, once it has fully catalyzed, on the properly prepared wall of the room where it is going to practice the invention, it is coated with a part of the resin-catalyst mixture and before it fully catalyzes, the wooden block covered with the resin is placed and it is allowed to catalyze until it is completely dry. The result is a decorative element based on carved wood included in clear colorless resin.

Another method is to place a block of wood of the size of the mold and on the wood, previously treated with a sealer to cover the pores of the wood, pour a bit of the resin-catalyst mixture on the treated wood and when it is half-dried, a three-dimensional object that can be a framed picture or a sculpture is placed, for example, a bust of Napoleon, then, pour enough of the mixture up to a little above that covers the three-dimensional object. This block of wood with three-dimensional inclusion is placed on a wall treated and varnished with the prepared resin-catalyst mixture and allowed to fully catalyze.

In another modality, mirrors or pieces of mirror can be included in floors that give the impression of a water hole in the floor or in ceilings and walls that result in greater lighting in the room and the impression that the room is wider.

You can also protect walls decorated with pieces of earthenware, talavera or mud that protrude in relief from the wall, with a bathroom of sufficient thickness of the transparent resin-catalyst mixture so as to protect the decoration of the wall.

As will be noted, the process in these embodiments is a little different from the general process described above, the reason being that, the process of the invention is so versatile that it does not resemble the current techniques of inclusion in resin and the steps described above are can alternate or repeat at the whim of the end user and depending on the model that you want to obtain.

Instead of being inconvenient the fact that inclusions in wall, floor, ceiling or any other object can not be removed, this invention provides the protection so that those included objects do not dust, do not get dirty, do not touch and last for many years, which is an advantage in interior decoration and a comfort for those who care for the toilet.

THREE-DIMENSIONAL OBJECT: A three-dimensional mold that could be of any shape, including geometric shapes, for example, a cylinder, is poured enough transparent resin-catalyst mixture and when it is 50% of setting, it is introduced marine figures, for example, fish of plastic and metal colors and sea shells, the heavier ones will be lower than the lightest, once fully catalyzed and the mixture is dried, demoulded and a decorative cylindrical column with marine inclusions is obtained on a colorless background, if you want to color the column blue, add blue dye to resins the mixture before pouring the resin into the cylindrical mold.

With this technique can be included in floors, ceilings, walls and any surface or three-dimensional object anything you want to make it more attractive and decorative the three-dimensional object or surface.

APPLICATIONS The objects obtained with the described process can be used to cover floors, walls, ceilings in order to be a decorative element on these, can be used as a protective layer for floors, walls or ceilings decorated with inlays of earthenware, talavera, mud, glass or any other object embedded in the floor, wall or ceiling.

Another use considered in the present invention is that of the three-dimensional articles obtained with the technique described above, which can be used as a decorative element to hold a statue or a painting or another work of art, the same column can have a functional purpose for Support a table.

The main use of the articles obtained by the process described above of the present invention is decorative in the field of architecture.

EXAMPLES The examples are presented for the purpose of better illustrating the invention and should not be interpreted in a limiting sense.

EXAMPLE 1 It is desired to cover a concrete floor of 5 X 5 M2 with epoxy resin so that you have a mixture of colors and be highly decorative.

About 60 liters of YD-114 resin and about 20 liters of EPO 50 hardener are mixed, stirred thoroughly and left to stand for about 3 minutes, the mixture is divided into two parts and a part is poured on the concrete floor and this portion extends over the area of 25 M2 so that they are covered homogeneously. It is allowed to polymerize until the middle of the process, at this point the desired colors are added according to the usual technique to color epoxy resins and it is allowed to set without the polymerization process being complete. The portion of resin-hardener mixture that had been reserved and without added color is added and allowed to cure completely. The curing time is from 1 to 7 days.

EXAMPLE 2 In a tank of adequate volume pour around 10 liters of YD-114 resin and about 3.3 liters of EPO 50 hardener, stir well and let stand about 3 minutes.

In a mold of 2 X 2 M2 of wood, plastic, metal or any suitable material, if required, the mold should be treated to avoid abrasion of the resin on the mold, a block of carved wood is placed with some design in high relief The previous mixture is added without added color so that the part of the figure carved in the wood is covered perfectly and homogeneously and allowed to cure completely. Once the resulting polymer is dry, the wood block is demoulded, placed on the wall and fixed by conventional means. It is a decorative wooden sculpture that protrudes from the covered wall and is protected by the polymer of the invention.

EXAMPLE 3 In an appropriate volume tank pour around 30 liters of YD-1 resin 14 and around 10 liters of EPO 50 hardener, stir well and let stand about 3 minutes. From the obtained mixture three 3A parts are taken and colored light blue that is poured into a cylindrical mold and figures of wood, plastic or metal with marine motifs are added, the heavier pieces will go to the bottom and the less heavy will stay closer to the surface, thus creating an adornment with marine motifs.

The remaining quarter in turn is divided into two, each one is poured into cubic molds of 0.5 M2 each.

Once the cylinder has completely cured, it is placed on one of the polymer cubes obtained before it completely heals and the other cube is placed on the cylinder so that there is a column or pedestal with square base and top support, It serves to decorate a corner or place an object on the column.

Another use considered in the present invention is that of the three-dimensional articles obtained with the technique described above, which can be used as a decorative element, for example, a column of any geometric shape to hold a statue or a painting or other work of art , the same column can have a functional purpose to support a table, for example, four columns decorated differently to support a table can be used.

Claims (26)

CLAIMS Having sufficiently described my invention, I consider as a novelty and therefore claim as my exclusive property, what is contained in the following clauses:

1- A cold process for manufacturing various articles based on epoxy resin characterized because it consists of the steps of: A- Select a support material or mold, B- If desired, decorative objects can be fixed to the base by means of some glue. C- A mixture of resin and catalyst selected from: modified epoxy resins generally selected from bisphenol A, bisphenol F and novolac resins and derivatives thereof, and the catalysts selected from the modified amine cyclic adducts are mixed and then for about 3 minutes you can use this mixture. A quantity of the resin-catalyst mixture is added to the support material or mold by casting, by brush or by extrusion, D- The resin-catalyst mixture is allowed to dry long enough for the resin to be catalyzed.

2- A cold process for manufacturing various articles based on epoxy resin according to claim 1, characterized in that the support material or mold is any material such as wood, metal sheet, metal, glass, fabric or any other material that serves as support .

3- A cold process for manufacturing various articles based on epoxy resin according to claim 1, characterized in that the support material or mold can be directly the floor, either concrete, wood, marble, cement or any other material that serves of support that conform the floor.

4- A cold process for manufacturing various articles based on epoxy resin according to claim 1, characterized in that the order of the stages can vary depending on the model that is desired to obtain.

5- A cold process for manufacturing various articles based on epoxy resin according to claim 1, characterized in that the filling step is optional.

6- A cold process for manufacturing various articles based on epoxy resin according to claim 5, characterized in that any object such as stones, sea shells, colored plastic fish, marbles, sweets, stamps, stamps can be used as a filler , pieces of earthenware or clay, you can use any material you want to use as a decorative element.

7- A cold process for manufacturing various articles based on epoxy resin according to claim 5, characterized in that as a decorative element the resin is painted.

8- A cold process for manufacturing various articles based on epoxy resin according to claim 5, characterized in that as a decorative element the resin is painted before being mixed with the catalyst.

9- A cold process for manufacturing various articles based on epoxy resin according to claim 5, characterized in that as a decorative element the resin is painted after mixing with the catalyst.

10- A cold process for manufacturing various articles based on epoxy resin according to claim 5, characterized in that the resin-catalyst mixture is painted as a decorative element after it has been added to the mold.

11- A cold process for manufacturing various articles based on epoxy resin according to claim 1, characterized in that the resins are selected from epoxy resin Bis A (diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A); DER 31 1, DER 330, DER 361, DEN 439; Epalloy 8230, 8250; Phenol-formaldehyde polymer of diglycidyl ether (EPN 1138, 1 139); and YD-114.

12- A cold process for manufacturing various articles based on epoxy resin according to claim 11, characterized in that the resins are selected among which are advantageously preferred EPON 828, DER 311, DER 330, DER 361, DEN 439 and YD -114.

13. A cold process for manufacturing various articles based on epoxy resin according to claim 12, characterized in that the resins are selected more particularly between EPON 828 and YD-1.

14- A cold process for manufacturing various articles based on epoxy resin according to claim 13, characterized in that the resin is more particularly preferred YD-1 14.

15- A cold process for manufacturing various articles based on epoxy resin according to claim 1, characterized in that the catalysts are selected between modified cycloaliphatic amine IPDA, aliphatic polyamine (Pacific Anchor 1768 or Versamine 642 CE); modified aliphatic polyoxypropylene amine (Pacific Anchor 1769 or Versamine 643 CE) and EPO 50.

16- A cold process for manufacturing various articles based on epoxy resin according to claim 15, characterized in that EPO 50 is preferred from the catalysts selected more particularly.

17- A cold process for manufacturing various articles based on epoxy resin according to claim 1, characterized in that the drying process consists in allowing the resin-catalyst mixture to dry long enough for the resin to catalyze and have the necessary hardness for the resin. use as desired.

18- A cold process for manufacturing various articles based on epoxy resin according to claim 1, characterized in that the process can be carried out in an order different from that described in claim 1, the order depends on the article that is desired to obtain.

19- The articles obtained by the method of claim 1,

20- The articles obtained from claim 18, which can be plastic sheets of variable area with thickness from about 1 mm.

21- The articles obtained from claim 18, which can be blocks of variable dimensions and shapes.

22. The articles obtained from claim 18, which may be three-dimensional figures of varying dimensions and shapes.

23- The use of the articles obtained by the method of claim 1, which may be functional or decorative.

24- The use of the articles obtained by the method of claim 23 which is functional.

25- The use of the articles obtained by the process of claim 22 which is decorative.

26- The use of the articles obtained by the procedure of claim 25 which is in the field of architecture.