MX2010008964A - High pressure connection systems and methods for their manufacture. - Google Patents

Abstract

A high pressure connection and method for making a high pressure connection. The high pressure connection typically comprises two hollow, tubular members with a cured reaction product of a radically curable composition therebetween. The radically curable composition can be an anaerobically curable composition. The method includes applying a primer composition to one distal joint portion of a tubular member, applying a curable composition to one distal joint portion of a tubular member; sliding one distal joint portion into the other distal joint portion and curing the composition to maintain the second distal joint portion within the first distal joint portion thereby forming the high pressure connection. The method does not use plastic deformation of the first or second distal joint portions after the step of sliding. The method is advantageously useful for making high pressure connections in gas compression or refrigeration systems.

Description

HIGH PRESSURE CONNECTION SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR ITS MANUFACTURE Field of Invention j The present disclosure relates generally to new and improved high pressure connection systems and methods for their manufacture. In advantageous aspects the present description is I refers to new and improved two-part high-pressure connection systems and manufacturing methods that can be used in gas compression systems and refrigeration systems. ! Background of the Invention j Refrigeration systems that rely on a refrigerant phase change to provide a temperature differential are used in numerous applications including systems I Commercial and residential refrigeration, freezing, air conditioning and heating. Cooling systems í commonly include a compressor, condenser, measuring device and an evaporator all connected in a fluid way; and they contain a refrigerant. The compressor takes refrigerant vapor at low pressure and pressurizes the steam. The refrigeration compressors can be of reciprocating piston type, screwed, rotating, displacement or centrifugal. The condenser takes the high pressure refrigerant vapor from the compressor, removes the heat from this vapor and condenses the vapor to a pressurized liquid. | The measuring device modulates or restricts the flow of the coolant to the evaporator. The measuring devices extend from a capillary tube as used in residential refrigerators to an expansion modulating thermostatic expansion valve used in more sophisticated systems. The evaporator allows the liquid refrigerant to absorb the heat and evaporate to a gas. The cooling system can also include accessories such ran dryers, system description points to check the internal pressure and add the refrigerant, refrigerant, etc. ' The refrigerant is a material that can change between the phases of liquid and vapor under specific conditions. The refrigerants include fluorinated hydrocarbon refrigerants such as R-20 (CHCl3), R-22 (CHF2CL), R-22B1 (CH BrF2), R-32 (CH2F2), R-125 (CHF2CF3), R-134A (CH2FCF3). ), R-143A (CH3CFÍ3), R-152A (CH3CHF2), R-404A (an azeotropic mixture of R-125, and R-143A), R-407C (an azeotropic mixture of R-32, R-125 and R-134A), R-410A (an azeotropic mixture of R-32 and R-125), R-502 (an azeotropic mixture of R-22 and R-115), R-507 (a, azeotropic mixture of R- 125 and R-143A), R-1120 (CHCICCI2) and R-C316 (C4CI2F6). The refrigerants also include non-fluorinated refrigerants such as ammonia (NH3), R-290 (propane), R-β? (butane) and R-600A (isobutene). j Many high pressure connections exist between and in the middle of the compressor, condenser, measuring device, evaporator, I structure of dispersed fibers with air application (airlaid) having a first layer, a second layer and a third layer and the second layer is interposed between the first layer and the third layer, the first layer and the third layer are made of pulp and two-component fibers, and optionally super-absorbent polymers, the second layer is made of pulp and super-absorbent polymer.

An additional feature of the first aspect, second aspect and third aspect is that the optional first layer, third layer and fourth layer contain two-component fibers and optionally a polymeric dispersion binder.

An additional feature of the first aspect, second aspect and third aspect is that the absorbent core includes an inner line and an outer line on each side of a longitudinal centerline, each of the inner line and outer line includes a plurality of slits that They have spaces between them.

Another additional feature of the first aspect, second aspect and third aspect is that one or both of the outer line and inner line are crescent shaped.

Another additional feature of the first aspect, second aspect and third aspect is that the absorbent article is an incontinence pad or a sanitary pad.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The patent or application file contains at least one color drawing. Copies of this patent publication or patent application with color drawings will be provided by the Office upon request and against payment of the corresponding fee.

The attached drawings offer visual representations that will be used to more fully describe the representative modalities disclosed herein and may be used by persons with knowledge in the field to better understand them as well as their inherent advantages. In these drawings, the same reference numbers identify corresponding elements, and: Figure 1 illustrates a perspective view of an exemplary absorbent article in accordance with the features of the present invention.

Figure 2 illustrates an exploded view of an exemplary absorbent article in accordance with the features of the present invention.

Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating a cross section of an exemplary absorbent article in accordance with the features of the present invention.

Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of an absorbent core of dispersed fibers with airlaid in accordance with the features of the present invention.

Figure 5 is a perspective view of a base structure of a dispenser used to test the features of the present invention.

Figure 6 is a perspective view of a dispenser funnel used to test the features of the present invention.

Figure 7 is a perspective view of the dispenser used to test the features of the present invention.

Figure 8 is a side elevation view of the fastening apparatus used to test the features of the present invention.

Figure 9 is a top plan view of the fastening apparatus used to test the features of the present invention.

Figure 10 is a top plan view of the absorbent article fastened by a fastener in accordance with the test methods described herein.

Figure 11 is a top plan view of the absorbent article secured by two fasteners in accordance with the test methods described herein.

Figure 12 is a perspective view of the dispenser positioned in an absorbent article between side walls of the fastening apparatus.

Figure 13 is a perspective view of the absorbent article in a clamped position.

U.S. Patent No. 3,687,019 discloses two portions of coupling construction pipe for a hermetic compressor. This tube coupling construction is based on an interference fit between the parts, uses a mechanical press between the parts and an anaerobic seal. Even with an interference fit between the parts, a press Mechanical and the anaerobic seal, it seems that the common tube coupling construction is limited to an internal pressure of only up to 34.47 bar. U.S. Patent No. 3,785,025 also discloses a two-part tube coupling construction for a hermetic compressor. This tube coupling construction is based on an interference fit between the parts, uses a mechanical press between the parts and an anaerobic seal and suffers from the same internal pressure deficiencies as those of the paterjte. ? 19 | U.S. Patent No. 6,494,501 discloses a multi-part coupling construction that includes a double-walled pipe connector. This tube connector requires two separate walls that define a space between which a tube and a seal are located. Such a connector is difficult to form, is limited to being used with only a tube diameter and adds an additional part and an additional operation for the formation of a pipe connection.

Despite the state of technology, there remains I I need for a new type of high pressure connection useful in compressed gas and refrigeration systems. j Brief Description of the Invention The present application broadly provides a method for making a connection capable of withstanding the pressure using a radically curable composition.

One aspect thereof in a more specific embodiment provides a method for making a high pressure connection. As used herein a high pressure connection † s a connection that can keep the gas or liquid at a maximum pressure of at least 82.73 bar, advantageously a pressure of at least 103.42 bar and more advantageously a pressure of at least minus 137.89 bar. The high-pressure connection is advantageously useful in compressed gas systems and cooling systems. The high pressure connection essentially consists of a first distal coupling portion, a second distal coupling portion and cured reaction products of a radically curable composition therebetween. As used herein a "high pressure connection consisting essentially of a first distal coupling portion, a second distal coupling portion and cured reaction products of a radically curable composition" indicates that the high pressure connections which incorporate other structural elements are not included. Thus, high-pressure connections that require other structural elements that form a high pressure connection, for example, welding material, threads or threaded interconnection, clamp, conductive ring, fixing ring, stamping ring, plastic deformation of structures tubular or cured reaction products of epoxy resins alone, are discarded in this respect.

The method of this embodiment comprises the supply of the first distal coupling portion. The first distal coupling portion is generally tubular and includes a substantially uniform cylindrical outer surface free of r threads, a substantially uniform cylindrical internal surface free of threads having an internal diameter defining an orifice through the member, and a circumferential end connecting the external and internal surfaces.

The second distal coupling portion is also provided. The second distal coupling portion is generally tubular and includes a substantially uniform cylindrical external surface free of threads and which defines an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the first distal coupling portion, a substantially uniform cylindrical internal surface free of threads that define a hole through the member, and a circumferential end that i connects the external and internal surfaces. j A radically curable composition is applied to one of the distal coupling portions. ' I In some embodiments a base composition is applied to one of the distal coupling portions.

The second distal coupling portion is slidably received in the first distal coupling portion.

In any one or both of the composition > n base and curable composition is applied to the distal coupling portions after the second distal coupling portion is slidably received in the I first portion of distal coupling. In this variation the base composition and / or curable composition will commonly be applied adjacent to the coupling region exposed and would flow or be absorbed between the adjacent distal coupling portions.

In one variation the base composition and the curable composition i are applied as separate granules to the same distal coupling portion i. The separated granules are mixed when the distal coupling portions are assembled .; The radically curable composition can be cured anaerobically to maintain the second distal coupling portion within the first distal coupling portion so as to form the high pressure connection. There is no plastic deformation of the material comprising the first distal coupling portion or the second distal coupling portion after the displacement step. Plastic deformation refers to a permanent change in the shape of an object caused by an applied force.

The method can be used to maintain the gases or liquid refrigerant at a maximum pressure greater than 82.73 bar, advantageously at a pressure greater than 103.42 bar and more advantageously at a pressure greater than 137.89 bar within the system.

The method can be used when the distal coupling portions are independently selected from copper, aluminum, steel, coated steel and plastic. The method is advantageous when one distal coupling portion is aluminum and the other distal coupling portion is independently selected from copper, aluminum, steel, coated steel and plastic. J The method can be used when there is a gap of up to about 0.13 cm between the inner diameter of the first distal coupling portion and the outer diameter of the second distal coupling portion. í In some embodiments, the high-pressure connection is a two-part connection. As used herein a two-part pipe connection includes only two pipes or members to be coupled. Each tube includes a distal coupling portion so that the distal coupling portion of one tube is located within the distal coupling portion of the other tube. A two-part tube connection does not use accessories or connectors to couple the two tubes.

In some embodiments, the high-pressure connection can be a multi-part connection. As used herein, a multi-part tube connection includes two tubes or members to be coupled and additionally includes a short accessory or additional short connector Each tube includes a distal coupling portion and the connector includes two distal coupling portions The distal coupling portion of each tube is slidably received within the respective distal coupling portions of the connector.Commonly in multi-part connections, the tubbs are in an end-to-end relationship and are not located within each other. same.

In some embodiments the high-pressure connection is advantageously used in a refrigerator, freezer, refrigerator-freezer, air conditioner, heat pump, residential heating, ventilation and air conditioning system ("HVAC"). , a commercial HVAC system or such a HVAC transport system ran in! an automobile, truck, train, airplane, ship, etc. In some embodiments, the high pressure connection is advantageously used in a gas compression system such as an air compressor system. ! The curable composition advantageously comprises | a (meth) acrylate component. The curable composition may optionally comprise a monofunctional (meth) acrylate. The curable composition advantageously has an axis free radical healing mechanism and has more advantageously an anaerobic healing mechanism and an anaerobic curing induction component. j The base composition includes an activator. In some embodiments, the base composition includes a reactive carrier, a polymer matrix, or both.

Generally unless stated explicitly contracted the materials and processes described may alternatively be formulated to comprise, consist of, or consist essentially of, any component, portion or appropriate step described herein. The materials and processes described may additionally, or alternatively, be formulated to be devoid of, or substantially free of, any component, material, ingredient, adjuvant, portion, species and stage used in prior materials and processes or that are not otherwise necessary. to achieve the function and / or objective of the present description.

When the word "approximately" is used herein it is understood that the amount or condition modifier may vary a little beyond the indicated amount as long as the function and / or objective of the description is achieved. The person skilled in the art understands that few times there is time to fully explore the degree of any area and hope that the described result can be extended, at least one little, beyond one or more of the limits described. Further on, with the advantage of this description, application and understanding of the modalities described herein, an expert can, without inventive effort, explore beyond the limits described and, when the modalities meet to be without any unexpected characteristics, the modalities ! they are within the meaning of the term "approximately" as used herein. j Brief Description of the Drawings Now with reference to the drawings where similar elements have similar numbers in several figures: Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a cooling system. Figure 2 is a schematic detailed elevated view of the portions of two tubular members forming a two-part connection.

Figure 3 is a schematic detailed elevated view of the portions of two tubular members forming a multi-part connection. Figure 4 is a schematic elevated view of a mode of high pressure connections comprising portions of two tubular members attached to a "U" shaped connector. j Figure 5 is a perspective view of a two part high pressure connection comprising an aluminum Ide member and a copper member.

Figure 6 is a perspective view of a portion of a refrigerator. The arrows illustrate high pressure connections of two parts formed according to the method of this description.

Detailed description of the invention A useful fluid connection and method is provided to prepare the fluid connection. The fluid connection can advantageously be a high pressure connection. The high pressure connection is useful for a number of applications. However, refrigeration system connections have unique and rigorous requirements not all of them are necessary or present j other types of fluid connections. The described high pressure connection is advantageously useful in the preparation of a connection or in a refrigeration system impervious to refrigerants and refrigerant oils. For greater clarity, cooling systems are described herein, however, as noted, cooling systems are not the only systems that can benefit from the advantages of the subject matter. I With reference to Figure 1, the refrigeration systems include a compressor 10, condenser 12, measuring device 14 and an evaporator 16, all fluidly connected by pipe and contain a refrigerant. There is a plurality of high pressure connections (not shown for clarity) between and within the pipe, compressor, condenser, measuring device, evaporator and any accessory. The connections are preferably two-part connections according to I exemplified in Figure 2 although the multi-part connections as exemplified in Figure 3 are known in refrigeration systems. From each two-part connection, it commonly comprises two hollow tubular members 22, 24 with a cured reaction product of a radically curable composition therebetween. | Each hollow tubular member is independently composed of a material, for example copper, aluminum, steel, coated steel and plastic. The coated steel includes a steel member coated with another material, for example, a steel member coated with copper coating. In one embodiment a tubular connector is composed of aluminum and another tubular connector is composed of copper. In a modality both tubular connectors are composed of aluminum. one embodiment of at least one of the tubular members is plastic.

Each tubular member commonly has a length of many times, for example, five to ten times or more, and its diameter. A tubular member 22 has a distal coupling portion 26 that includes a substantially uniform cylindrical external surface 28 free of threads, a substantially uniform cylindrical internal thread-free engagement surface 30 having an internal diameter and a circumferential end 32 connecting the threads. external surfaces 28 and internal 30. The internal diameter does not include any optional channel or expansion of the distal coupling portion 26 adjacent end 32. The other tubular member 24 has a distal coupling portion 36 that includes a substantially cylindrical external coupling surface Thread-free uniform 38 and defining an external diameter, a substantially uniform cylindrical internal surface 40 free of threads and a circumferential end 42 connecting the external surfaces 38 internal je 40. The outer diameter does not include any optional channel or portion expansion distal coupling 36 adjacent end tip 42. The internal diameter of the coupling portion I distal 26 is larger than the outer diameter of the distal coupling portion j to allow the distal coupling portion 36 to be located within the portion of I distal coupling 26. Since the members 22, 24 are generally formed without machining, for example, of the purchased pipe or stamped pipe, each member may have a considerable range of diameters of the coupling portion.

I distal With this range of diameters the space between the complementary set of members 22, 24 may be in the range of about 0.03 mm to about 1 · 27 mm. No interference or press fit is required between the internal diameter of the distal coupling portion 26 and the outer diameter of the distal coupling portion 36 to form a high pressure connection.

Surprisingly, it has been found that the distal coupling portions bound by the reaction product to cure an anaerobic curable composition, can form a watertight connection that can maintain integrity at pressures of about 82.73 bar or more, even between portions of coupling distals that have spaces of up to 1.27 mm. The use of a base composition, advantageously a reactive base composition that can react with the curable composition during curing, may be required to ensure adequate strength within the coupling and the repeatability of coupling to coupling. I To prepare a high pressure connection are provided i the complementary members 22, 24. The coupling surfaces 30, 38 must be clean and free of i pollution. The abrasion of one or both coupling surfaces may be advantageous. A base composition j is optionally applied to the coupling surface 30, 38 of a distal coupling portion 26, 36 respectively. A curable composition is applied to a mating surface, t i commonly of the other distal coupling portion. The distal coupling portion 36 of a smaller diameter is placed I slidably within the distal coupling portion 26 of a larger diameter. A certain rotation of the distal coupling portions may be beneficial for distributing the base composition and the curable composition around the entire coupling surfaces but is not required. j Members 22, 24 remain in position less than about 30 seconds, advantageously less than about 15 seconds and desirably less than about 10 seconds while exposed to I suitable conditions for at least partially curing the composition to allow at least the partially cured composition to maintain the second distal coupling portion of the tubular member within the first distal coupling portion of the tubular member. The composition can be further cured for a short period of time so as to form the high pressure connection between the ends., 42 of the distal coupling portions. The common cure times will be less than 60 minutes and advantageously less than 30 minutes before the connection can be pressurized for use. The high-pressure connection will maintain the higher pressure of approximately 82.73 bar and advantageously greater than approximately 103.42 bar and more advantageously greater than approximately 137.89 bar after complete curing. | i The outer surface 28 of the distal coupling portion 26 defines an outer surface of the high pressure connection and the inner surface 40 of the distal coupling portion 36 defines an interior surface of the high pressure connection. The plastic deformation in the material of any distal coupling portion 26, 36 after the placement of the distal coupling portion 36 of a smaller diameter within the distal coupling portion 26 of a larger diameter is advantageously avoided.

In another embodiment a multi-part connection commonly comprises two hollow tubular members 46, 50 and a hollow connector 48. A tubular member 46 has a distal coupling portion 52 that includes a substantially uniform cylindrical surface 54 free of threads, ujna substantially uniform cylindrical internal surface 56 free of threads having an internal diameter and a circumferential end í 58 connecting the outer 54 and inner 56 surfaces, The other tubular member 50 has a distal coupling portion 62 that includes a substantially uniform cylindrical external surface 64 free of threads and defining an external diameter, A substantially uniform cylindrical internal surface 66 free of threads and a circumferential end 68 connecting the external 64 and internal 66 surfaces. The connector 48 has two distal coupling portions 72, 74. The distal engaging portion 72 includes a free external surface 76! of threads, an internal surface 78 free of threads and a circumferential end 80. The distal coupling portion 74 incites an external surface 84 free of threads, an internal surface 86 free of threads and a circumferential end 88. The connector 48 is short, for example with a common length of less than five to ten times its diameter.

The internal diameter of the distal coupling portions 72 and 74 is larger than the outer diameter of the i I distal coupling portions 52 and 62 to allow the Distal coupling portions 52 and 62 are placed within the member 48. Since the members 46, 48, 50 are generally formed without machining, eg, purchased pipe or stamped pipe, each member may have a considerable range of diameters of the distal coupling portion.

With this range of diameters the space between a complementary set of the members 46, 48 and 48, 50 can be from about 0.03 mm to about 1.27 mm. In other embodiments the connector 48 is sized to fit within the distal coupling portions 52, 62.; To prepare a high pressure connection, the complementary members 46, 48 are provided.

I coupling 54, 78 must be clean and free of contamination. The abrasion of one or both coupling surfaces j may be advantageous. A base composition j is optionally applied to a mating surface 54 or 78 of a distal coupling portion 46, 48 respectively, The curable composition is applied to a mating surface, commonly the other distal coupling portion. The smaller diameter distal coupling portion is slidably positioned within the larger diameter distal coupling portion. A certain twist of the distal coupling portions can be beneficial for distributing base composition and curable composition around all of the coupling surfaces but is not required.

Members 46, 48 remain in position for less than about 30 seconds, advantageously less than about 15 seconds and desirably less than ! about 15 seconds while being exposed to the appropriate conditions to at least partially cure the composition to allow the curable composition to hold the second distal coupling portion of the tubular member within the first distal coupling portion of the tubular member. The composition can be further cured for a short period of time to thereby form the high pressure connection between the ends 58, 80 of the distal coupling portions 52, 72. Common cure times will be less than 60 minutes and advantageously less than | 30 minutes before the connection can be pressurized for use. The distal coupling portions 62 and 74 are processed in a similar manner to form a second high pressure connection between the ends 88, 68 of the distal coupling portions 74, 62. The high pressure connection will maintain the pressure greater than about 82.73. bar and advantageously greater than about 103.42 bar and more advantageously greater than about 137.89 bar after completion of curing. Advantageously, plastic deformation in the material of any distal coupling portion is avoided after the placement of the distal coupling portions of a I smaller diameter within the distal coupling portions of a larger diameter. The connector may be straight as shown in Figure 3 or formed in another manner, such as a "U" shaped return curve, exemplified in Figure 4, useful for fluidly connecting the condenser tubes. ! The distal coupling portions of the connector may have a smaller diameter than the corresponding distal coupling portions of the tubular body member placing the distal coupling portions of the connector within the distal coupling portions of the tubular member. Similarly, although the method is described with reference to the most frequently used tubular connectors, connectors of other shapes are possible.

In some applications it may be desirable to apply one or both of the curable base composition and composition to the distal coupling portions after assembly. For example, the capillary cooling tubes have portions (of distal coupling defining a very small diameter), the application of a non-fluid base composition to a distal coupling portion and a non-flowable curable composition to another distal coupling portion prior to assembly it may increase the possibility that one or both compositions are introduced into the connection during assembly.To lessen this possibility either or both of the base composition and curable composition may be applied to the distal coupling portions after the second portion of The distal coupling is slidably received in the first distal coupling portion so that a base composition can be applied to a distal coupling portion, the distal coupling portions can be assembled and the curable composition can be applied to the distal coupling portions. mounted, alternatively, a The curable composition can be applied to a distal coupling portion, the distal coupling portions can be assembled and the base composition can be applied to the assembled distal coupling portions. According to another alternative, the distal coupling portions can be assembled without the base composition or curable composition and the curable composition and base composition can be applied, sequentially or concurrently, to the distal coupling portions assembled. In the concurrent application it may be advantageous to apply the base composition and the curable composition to I different portions of the assembly. These variations are advantageously useful with the lower viscosity compositions that can be absorbed or flow between the adjacent distal coupling portions in the assembly.

In some applications it may be desirable to apply the base composition and the curable composition as separate granules to the same distal coupling portion. Calla composition is independent and remains separate in the distal coupling portion. The separated granules are mixed when the distal coupling portions are assembled.

It may also be useful to prepare a connection comprising multiple male distal coupling portions in a single female distal coupling portion using previous methods. I The radically curable composition can be cured anaerobically, in this case the composition comprises functional (meth) acrylate monomer and a curing induction component. The radically curable composition may optionally include a polymer matrix as discussed below. The curing induction component utilizes a free radical healing mechanism and advantageously utilizes an anaerobic healing mechanism.

The (meth) acrylate component will form the basis of the radically curable composition. That is, the compo ón curable may be comprised of more than about 60% by weight of (meth) acrylate, such as more than about 65% by weight, desirably within the range of from about 70% to about 75% by weight. If mono- and polyfunctional (meth) acrylate is present in the curable composition, monofunctional (meth) acrylate is advantageously present in an amount of about i 1% to about 30% by weight of the total composition and more advantageously about 10% to about 25% by weight of the total composition.

At least a portion of the acrylate monomer (meth) can be a monofunctional monomer of (meth) acrylate. Thus, the (meth) acrylate that can be used in the curable composition includes a wide variety of materials represented by H2C = C (G) C (0) 0, where G can be hydrogen, halogen! or alkyl of 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, and R can be selected from alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkaryl, aralkyl, heterocyclic, hydroxyalkyl, or aryl groups of 1 to about 16 carbon atoms. As used in the halo or halogen includes fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.

Other desirable polymerizable monomers useful in the curable composition include those found within the structure: where each R2 is independently selected hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, hydroxyalkyl of 1 to about 4 carbon atoms or each R3 is independently selected from hydrogen j, halogen, and alkyl of 1 to about 4 carbon atoms and mono or bicycloalkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a heterocyclic radical of 3 to 8 members with a maximum of 2 oxygen atoms in the ring; 'each R4 is independently selected from hydrogen, hydroxy and' each m is independent of an integer equal to at least 1, for example, from 1 to about 8 or higher, for example from 1 to about 4; each n is independently an integer equal to at least 1, for example, from 1 to about 20 or more; and j v is 0 or 1. Other desirable acrylate ester monomers are selected from the urethane acrylates within the general structure: (CH2 = CR5'CO-0-R6O'CO'NH) 2R7 i wherein each R5 is selected independently of H, CH3, C2H5 or halogen, such as Cl; each R6 is selected independently of (i) a hydroxyalkylene or aminoalkylene group of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, (ii) an alkylamino of 1 to 6 carbon atoms-alkylene of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a hydroxyphenylene, aminophenylene, hydroxynaphthalene or amino-naphthalene optionally substituted by i an alkyl group of 1 to 3 carbon atoms, alkylamino of 1 to 3 carbon atoms or di-alkylamino of 1 to 3 carbon atoms; and each R7 is independently selected from alkylene of 2; to í 20 carbon atoms, alkenylene or cycloalkylene, arylene of 6 to 40 carbon atoms, alkarylene, aralkarylene, alkyloxyalkylene or aryloxyarylene optionally substituted by 1 to 4 halogen atoms or by 1 to 3 amino or mono- or di-alkylamino groups of 1 to 3 carbon atoms q alkoxy of 1 to 3 carbon atoms; or acrylates within the general structure: ' (CH2 = CR5 * CO'0'R6'0'CO'NH'R7"NH-CO-X) nR8 j where R5, R6, and R7 are as specified above; R8 is a non-functional residue of a polyamine or polyhydric alcohol having at least n primary or secondary amino or h i d r x i groups, respectively; is O or NR 9, where R 9 is H or an alkyl group of 1 to 7 carbon atoms; and n is an integer from 2 to 20.! Among the particularly desirable specific monofunctional polymerizable acrylate ester monomers, which correspond to certain above structures, are hydroxypropyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, 2-aminopropyl methacrylate and the corresponding acrylates. ! Specific polyfunctional monomers that are desirable include polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate and dimethacrylate I of dipropylene glycol.

Other desirable polymerizable acrylate ester monomers useful in the present disclosure are selected from the class consisting of acrylate, methacrylate and glycidyl methacrylate esters of bisphenol A. Particularly desirable among all polymerizable free radical monomers are bismhenol. -A-ethoxylated dimethacrylate ("EBIPMA"). ( The mixtures or copolymers of any of the above free radical polymerizable monomers can be used; Polymerizable vinyl monomers can also be optionally incorporated and are represented by the general structure: j R10-CH = CH-R10 wherein each R10 is independently selected from alk, aryl, alkaryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, alkylene, aryloxy, aryloxyalkyl, alkoxyaryl, aralkylene, OOC-R1, where R1 defined above, can also be used effectively in j present composition.

Also contemplated are the copolymers or mixtures of monomers described herein with other compatible monomers.

The polymerizable polyacrylate esters used in accordance with the present disclosure include those exemplified but not limited to the following materials: di-, tri-, and tetra-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, dipropylene glycol dimethacrylate, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate, di (pentamethylene glycol) dimethacrylate, tetraethylene glycol diacrylate, di (chloroacrylate) of tetraethylene glycol, diglycerol diacrylate, diglycerol tetramethacrylate, tetramethylene dimethacrylate, ethylene dimethacrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate and trimethylolpropane triacrylate. The above monomers do not need to be in the pure state, but may comprise commercial grades in which the inhibitors or stabilizers are included, such as polyhydric phenols, quinones,! Y I Similar. These materials function as free radical I inhibitors to prevent premature polymerization. This and also within the scope of this disclosure to obtain the modified characteristics for the composition cured by the use of one or more monomers of the above or additional listed additives such as unsaturated monomers, including unsaturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated esters.

Some specific (meth) acrylates particularly useful in the curable composition include polyethylene glycol di (meth) acrylates, bisphenol-A-di (meth) acrylates, such as ethoxylated bisphenol-A (meth) acrylate acrylate ("EBIP A") jy ( meth) acrylates of tetrahydrofuran and di (meth) acrylates, isobornyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, and hexandiol di (meth) acrylate. Of course, combinations of tin (meth) acrylates can also be used.

The curable composition is made curable by including a curing induction component that utilizes a free radical healing mechanism and advantageously utilizes a I anaerobic healing mechanism.

The radical curing induction component may also be a thermal cure initiator or an initiator system comprising a redox polymerization initiator. (ie, an ingredient or combination of ingredients that at the desired elevated temperature conditions, for example, about 90 ° C to about 150 ° C. (about 194 ° F to about 302 ° F) produces the reduction reaction by oxidation, which results in! the production of free radicals). Suitable initiators may include peroxy materials, for example peroxides, hydroperoxides, and peresters, which under the appropriate elevated temperature conditions decompose to form the peroxy free radicals which are initially effective for the polymerization of the thermal curable compositions. The peroxy materials can be used in the radical curing induction component at concentrations in the order of about 0.1% to about 10%. i Another useful class of thermal curing initiators comprises the azonitrile compounds that produce the free radicals when they are decomposed by heat. The heat is applied to the curable composition and the free radicals initial polymerization of the curable composition. I For example, azonitrile can be a compound of formula: wherein each R14 is independently selected from a methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, iso-butyl or n-pentyl radical, and each R15 is independently selected from a methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-radical propyl, cyclopropyl, iso-butyl, cyclobutyl, n-pentyl, neo-penti cyclohexyl, phenyl, benzyl, p-chlorobenzyl, or p-nitrobenzyl or R1 and I R15, taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, represent a radical of the formula where m is an integer from 3 to 9, or the radical, or The compounds of the above formula are described in more detail in U.S. Patent No. 4,416,921, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

The azonitrile initiators of the formula described above are readily commercially available, for example, the initiators that are commercially available under the trademark VAZO from EI DuPont of Nemours and Company, Inc., Wilmington, DE, including VAZO 52 (R14 is j methyl, R15 is isobutyl), VAZO 64 (R 4 is methyl, R15 is methyl) * and VAZO 67 (R 4 is methyl, R15 is ethyl), all components R14 and R15 are identified with reference to the general formula of azonitrile described above. A desirable azonitrile initiator is 2,2'-azobis (iso-butyronitrile) or AZBN. | The azonitrile can be used in the Ide induction curing component at concentrations in the order of about 500 to about 10,000 parts per million by weight, desirably from about 1,000 to about 5,000 ppm. j The induction component of healing can be an induction component of anaerobic cure. The healing of the curable composition begins in the absence of air.

Examples of anaerobic curing induction components include amines (including amine oxides, sulfonamides and triazines). Other curing induction components include saccharin, toluidenes, such as N, N-diethyl-p-toluidene and?,? -dimethyl-o-toluiden, acetyl phenylhydrazine, and maleic acid. Of course, other materials known to induce anaerobic cure therefore may also be included or substituted spr. See for example U.S. Patent Nos. 3,218,305 (Krieble), 4,180,640 (Melody), 4,287,330 (Rich) and 4,321,349 (Rich), the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference. Quinones, such as naphthoquinone and anthraquinone, can also be included to eliminate free radicals. j i The anaerobic cure induction component should be used in an amount of up to about 10% by weight of the total curable composition, for example about 6% to about 8% by weight of the total curable composition! The curable composition may optionally include a fluorescent dye to allow the user to determine the presence and location of the composition in the high pressure connection.

The curable composition in the uncured state may have a range of viscosities, for example, approximately 200 cps at approximately 4,000 cps, depending on usage. The Lower viscosities are useful in applications where a more fluid composition is desired while higher viscosities are useful in applications where less flow is desired. In addition, the composition in the cured state must be flexible / hard to absorb the vibration that is present in a refrigeration system. The composition must also have good adhesive characteristics to maintain the integrity of the connection under internal pressures of more than 82.73 bar. 1 In one embodiment, the curable composition includes polymerizable (meth) acrylate monomer, a polymerization initiator for the monomer, and optionally, a matrix Polymeric miscible or otherwise compatible with monomer. The matrix material may be present in an amount sufficient to produce the independent curable composition, ie, non-flowable at temperatures of at least about 21 ° C, and up to about 71 ° C. The polymer matrix and the polymerizable component easily form either a mixture or a stable combination without phase separation of the component parts. Suitable polymer matrix materials are known.

In another embodiment the curable composition includes an independent combination of a (meth) acrylate monomer I polymerizable; a polymerization initiator; and optionally, a polymer matrix miscible with the (meth) acrylate and the initiator. i The polymer matrix, if present, is included in a sufficient amount to render the composition non-flowable curable at temperatures up to 71 ° C.

The base composition includes an activator. Some useful activators are described in U.S. Patent No. 7,408,010 (Patel et al.), The content of which is incorporated herein by reference. In some embodiments, the base composition includes, a reactive carrier, a polymeric flask, or a reactive carrier and a polymeric matrix. The polymer matrix is selected from urea-urethanes, aliphatic hydrocarbons modified with hydroxy or amine (such as rheological additives based on castor oil), Theological additives based on polyester-amide, polyacrylamides, polyimides, polyhydroxyalkyl acrylates, and combinations thereof. i The activator can be differentiated depending on the nature and identity of the curable composition. In the case of the anaerobically curable compositions, the activator may comprise compounds containing a transition metal, peroxy compounds, free radical promoters and the like as desired for the curable composition selected anaerobically. | Useful activators comprising a compound containing a transition metal include those which contain a copper. The transition metal-containing compound can be selected from a list of materials, including among other copper-containing compounds or complexes, such as copper naphthenate, copper carbonate and cupric acetylacetone. Other compounds or complexes that contain a transition metal i desirably include those having iron or cobalt.

Useful activators comprising peroxy compounds include the hydroperoxy polymerization initiators and more preferably the organic hydroperoxy initiators having the formula ROOH, wherein R is generally a hydrocarbon radical containing up to about 18 carbon atoms, desirably an alkyl radical , aryl or aralkyl containing up to about 12 carbon atoms. Common examples of such hydroperoxides include hydroperoxide Of eumeno, methyl ethyl ketone hydroperoxide as well as the hydroperoxides formed by oxygenation of other hydrocarbons such as methylbutene, cetane and cyclohexane. They can also I other peroxy initiators such as hydrogen peroxide or materials such as organic peroxides or peresters may be used I that hydrolyze or decompose to form hydroperoxides.

The peroxy compounds commonly used comprise less than about 20% by weight of the total base composition. Desirably, however, they are used at lower levels such as from about 0.1% to about 10% by weight of the total base composition. i J Useful activators comprising promoters | of free radicals include the thermal healing initiator or I initiator systems comprising a redox polymerization initiator discussed above. It is advantageous that the carrier used in the base composition i . . . i be reactive, that is, that the carrier participates in the curing reaction of the curable composition. Useful reactive carriers include monomers and mixtures of (meth) acrylate, advantageously monomers and monofunctional mixtures, for example, hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate and hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate. The carrier may comprise about 50% or more of the total weight of the base composition. | Known base compositions are commonly formulated to have a low viscosity. A low viscosity is generally considered advantageous for many applications since it allows these materials to flow in small spaces or openings by capillary action. Nevertheless, low viscosity materials are less desirable in applications such as high pressure connections where the coupling members can be terjier large spaces. For large-space high-pressure connections, the base compositions are advantageously non-fluid, that is, capable of existing in an independent mass without migration at temperatures up to 71 ° C. The use of a base I Fluid with respect to a curable composition is surprisingly effective in filling the gap between the complementary cooling members to help provide a high pressure connection that can withstand more than 82.73 bar 'of internal pressure. The base composition will desirably be non-fluid at working temperatures, for example temperatures of about 21 ° C to about 71 ° C. í 3 The rheology characteristics of the base composition, ie, the fluidity of the base composition, can be modified by adding the polymer matrix materials. The amount of polymer matrix in the base composition will vary from about 0% to about 30% or more. If base fluidity is desired, it may comprise little or no polymer matrix. The addition of a diluent or solvent can also improve the fluidity of the base composition. While the amount of polymer matrix in the base composition increases it becomes less fluid. The amount of polymer matrix is only limited at the upper end by the strength and stiffness required in the final product. Of course, this must be balanced with the desired strength of the adhesion or the particular sealing characteristics desired. The addition of the polymer matrix in amounts of about 2.5% to about 20%. , for example about 5% to about 15%, such as about 7% to about 10%, by weight be the total composition can provide a base composition having non-flow characteristics with minimal undesirable effects, such as loss of characteristics of Substantial tension or sealing characteristics.

The polymeric matrix includes an organic material that generally has a melting point or a softening point range of about 93 ° C to about 260 ° C, more desirably greater than 121 ° C to about 360 ° C. 260 ° C. The polymeric materials may be selected from urethane urethanes, aliphatic hydrocarbons modified with hydroxy or amirja (such as theological additives based on castor oil), rheological additives based on polyester-amide, polyacrylamides, polyimides, polyhydroxyalkyl acrylates, and combinations thereof. In addition, the polymer matrix may additionally include polyamides, polyacrylamides, polyimides, and polyhydroxyalkyl acrylates.

Polyamide materials having a melting point of about 127 ° C are of particular utility. A polyamide is commercially available as a non-reactive free flowing powder under the brand name DISPARLON 6200, from Kihg Industries Specialties Company, Norwalk, CT. include DISPARLON 6100 and 6500. The use according to the data sheets commercially DISPARLON 6200 is for the epoxy glue and filler compounds in amounts of about 0.5% to about 3% by weight; Recommended use according to the commercially available data sheets for DISPARLON 6500 is for epoxy glue compounds and filling in amounts of approximately 0.5% I to approximately 3% by weight.

The polyamide materials of the base composition desirably have a particle size of less than about 15 microns, although other sizes of particles are useful. As previously mentioned, the melting or softening point of the polymeric matrix materials ranges from about 93 ° C to about 260 ° C. In a particularly desirable embodiment, a polyamide having a melting point of about 121 ° C-132 ° C and about 127 ° C is more desirably used.

A more particular description of a urea-urethane includes a combination of an alkali metal cation and the reaction product of (a) of polyfunctional isocyanate and a hydroxy and an amine; or (b) a phosgene or a phosgene derivative, and a compound having from 3 to 7 polyethylene ether units terminated at one end with an ether group and at the other end with a reactive functional group selected from an amitry, Amide, I heard or alcohol; or (c) a monohydroxy compound, diisocyanate and polyamine. When the reaction product described in (c) is used it is generally formed first by the reaction of a monohydroxide compound with a diisocyanate to form a monoisocyanate adduct, and subsequently by the reaction of the monoisocyanate reaction product with a polyamine in the presence of an alkali metal salt and an aprotic solvent, as described in U.S. Patent No. 4,314,924, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. A commercially available version of the reaction product described in (c) is believed to be BYK-410, BYK-Chemie, Wallingford, CT. I Isocyanates useful for forming the reaction products of the additive include polyisocyanates such as phenyl diisocyanate, toluene diisocyanate, 4,4'-diphenyl diisocyanate, 4,4'-diphenylene methane diisocyanate, di-isocyanate ciene dianisidine, diisocyanate 1. , 5-naphthalene, 4,4'-diphenylether diisocyanate, p-phenylene diisocyanate, 4,4'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, 1,3-bis- (isocyanatomethyl) cyclohexane, cyclohexylene diisocyanate, tetrachlorophenylene diisocyanate , i 2,6-diethyl-p-phenylene diisocyanate, and 3,5-diethyl-4,4'-diisocyanatodiphenylmethane. Other polyisocyanates which can be used remain the polyisocyanates obtained by the reaction of polyamines containing terminal amine groups, primary and secondary or polyhydric alcohols, for example, alkane, cycloalkane, alkene and cycloalkane polyols such as glycerol, ethylene glycol, bisphenol-A , bisphenol-A substituted with 4,4'-? dihydroxy-phenyldimethylmethane, and the like, with an excess of any of the isocyanates described above.

Alcohols useful for reacting with the polyisocyanates also include polyethylene glycol ethers having repeating ethylene oxide end units and ether or ester terminated end, polyether alcohols, polyester alcohols, as well as polybutadiene-based alcohols. . The specific type of alcohol chosen and the molecular weight range | it can be varied to achieve the desired effect. Generally, the monohydroxy compounds, primary alcohols or aliphatic or cyclic straight or branched chain derivatives containing from 5 to 25 carbon atoms, and the alkoxylated derivatives of these monohydroxy compounds.

Phosgene and phosgene derivatives, such as bischloroformates, can be used to make the reaction product of (c) additive. These compounds are reacted with a nitrogen-containing compound, such as an amine, amide or thiol to form the adduct. The phosgens and phosgene derivatives can also be reacted with an alcohol to form the reaction product.

The alkali metal cations are generally provided in the form of a halide salt. For example, the sodium, potassium and lithium halide salts are useful. Particularly, sodium chloride, sodium iodide, sodium bromide, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, potassium bromide, lithium chloride, lithium iodide, lithium bromide and combinations thereof can be used. [ i The reaction products of the additive (c) are generally present in and added to the composition with an alkali metal salt, in a solvent carrier. The solvents are desirably polar aprotic solvents in which the reaction was performed to form the reaction product. For example, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, hexamethylphosphoric acid triamide, N-dimethylformamide, N, N, N ', N' -tetra methyl urea, N-dimethylacetamide, N-butylpyrrolidoha, tetrahydrofuran and diethyl ether can be used.

A particularly desirable additive is the combination of a lithium salt and a reaction product which is formed by the reaction of a monohydroxy compound with a diisocyanate compound j to form a first adduct of monoisocyanate, which is subsequently reacted with a polyamine in presence of lithium chloride and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone to form a second adduct. A commercially available additive of this kind is sold by BYK Chemie, Wallingford, CT, under the BYK 410. This commercially available additive is described by i the product literature of BYK-Chemie as a urethane of urea having a minor amount of lithium chloride present in a solvent of 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.

The amines that can be reacted with phosgene or phosgene derivatives to make the reaction product include those that conform to the general formula R11-NH2, where R11 is aliphatic or aromatic. Desirable aliphatic amines include polyethylene glycol ether amines. Desirable aromatic amines include those having an ether substitution of polyethylene glycol in the aromatic ring.

For example, commercially available amines sold under the brand JEFFAmina by Huntsman can be used Corporation, Houston, TX. Examples include JEFFAmina D-230, JEFFAmina D-400, JEFFAmina D-2000, JEFFAmina T-403, JEFFAmina ED-600, JEFFAmina ED-900, JEFFAmina ED-200,1, JEFFAmina EDR-148, JEFFAmina XTJ-509, JEFFAmina T-3000, JEFFAmina T-5000, and combinations thereof. j The JEFFAmina D series are n diamine based products and can be represented by: (CAS Registry No. 904610-0) where x is approximately 2.6 (for JEFFAmina D-23Q), 5.6 (for JEFFAmina D-400) and 33.1 (for JEFFAmina D-2000), respectively. ' The JEFFAmina T series are trifunctional amine products based on propylene oxide and can be represented by: where x, y and z are each independently from 1 to 40 and A is indicated below in table 1.

Table 1 More specifically, the product JEFFAmina T-403 is a trifunctional amine and can be represented by: (CAS Registry No. 39423-51-3) where x + y + z is 5.3.

The JEFFAmina ED series are products based on diamine polyether and can be represented by: where a, b and c are indicated below in table 2.

Amides useful for reacting with phosgene or phosgene derivatives include those corresponding to the following formula: where R12 can be an aliphatic or aromatic, substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon or heterohydrocarbon having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms. I Alcohols useful in the formation of the product, reaction with phosgene or phosgene derivatives include those described above.

Another polymer matrix useful herein includes hydroxyl or aliphatic hydrocarbons modified with amine and liquid theological additives based on polyester-amide. Hydroxy or amine modified aliphatic hydrocarbons include THIXCIN R, THIXCIN GR, THIXATROL ST and THIXATROL GST available from Rheox Inc., Hightstown, NJ. These modified aliphatic hydrocarbons are castor oil raw materials. The aliphatic hydroxyl-modified hydrocarbons are partially partially dehydrated castor oil or partially dehydrated glycerides of 12-hydroxystearic acid. These hydrocarbons can be further modified with the polyamides to form the polyamides of hydroxyl stearic acid described as useful polyamides. ! The theological liquid additives based on polyester-amide include THIXATROL TSR, THIXATROL SR and THIXATROL VF Theological additives available from Rheox Inc., Hightstown, NJ. i These Theological additives are described as polycarboxylic acids of the reaction products, polyamines, alkoxylated polyols and chain terminating agents. Useful polycarboxylic acids include sebaceous acid, dioic acid and poly (butadiene), dodecane dicarboxylic acid and the like. Suitable polyamines include diamine alkyl. Chain terminating agents are described as monocarboxylic acids having an aliphatic non-saturation.

Other common agents in the art, for example, thickeners, plasticizers, pigments, dyes, thinners, solvents and fillers, can be used in any way It is reasonable to produce the desired functional characteristics, provided that they do not significantly interfere with the ability of the base composition to initiate polymerization of the curable composition or that interfere with the supply of a high pressure connection. If present, the inert fillers can be used in relatively high amounts with respect to conventional fixation systems. i The preparation of the base compositions can be achieved by the simple addition of the pr'e-selected materials. If present, no prior melting of the polymer mat is necessary and the polymer matrix may be in liquid or solid form prior to incorporation thereof. Although it is not necessary to heat the base composition prior to the incorporation of the polymer matrix, as a practical matter it is desirable to slightly raise the temperature within the range of about 40-60 ° C, such I copy approximately 50 ° C, while using or distributor to incorporate the matrix performs for a sufficient time to incorporate the matrix material into the base composition, which may vary depending on the batch size. Generally, only seconds or minutes are required to achieve the desired mix in the matrix material. The composition will become non-fluid in approximately I 2 to about 100 hours at room temperature depending on the nature and relative amounts of base composition components. This is due to the unique nature of the polymer matrix, which is designed to be expandable and to effectively form a branched matrix in situ. Although it is not desired to be limited by any particular hypothesis, it is believed that the polymeric matrix particles retain their particle nature, still absorb large amounts of base composition materials. By doing so, they lend non-fluid characteristics to the base composition, yet they are applied smoothly to a surface by virtue of their particle nature. It seems that a portion of the matrix particle is solubilized that allows absorption, and a portion remains unsolubilized allowing the retention of its particle form.

The following examples are included with an object and illustration in order to understand the description more easily and They are not intended to limit the scope of the description in any way unless specifically indicated otherwise. Examples Example 1 With reference to Figure 5, two tubular members are provided. One member is a straight aluminum tube of color claro I with a closed end and an open end having jun expanded diameter. The second member is a dark-colored "L" shaped copper tube with a closed end, fittings for pressurization and gauge connection adjacent to the closed end and open end. The open end retains the same diameter as the body of the second member. The open end of the copper tube can easily be placed inside the open end of the aluminum tube without interference between the ends. The open end of the copper tube slides easily from the open end of the aluminum tube under its own weight.

A base was applied to a member coupling end. An anaerobic curable composition was applied to the coupling end of the other member. The open end of copper was slidably placed on the open end of aluminum with some rotation between the parts to help! to distribute the base and curable composition. The parts held together for less than 10 seconds. The composition was left to cure for one hour. The connection was subjected to an internal pressure of 24.82 bar without leakage or mating failure.

Aluminum and copper tubes of the same sizes and type were obtained as previously used. The open end of the copper tube can easily be placed inside the open end of the aluminum tube without interference between the ends. The open end of the copper tube slides easily out of the open end of the aluminum tube under its own weight.

The same compositions anaerobically curable as previously used were applied to the coupling surface of a member. No base was used. The open end of copper was slidably placed in the open end of the aluminum with a certain turn between the parts to help distribute the base and curable composition. The parts were held together for less than 10 seconds. The composition was left to cure for one hour. The connection could not maintain an internal pressure of more than 24.82 bar. The results are presented briefly in the following table. Table 3 i LOCTITE materials are available from Henk! I Corporation, Rocky Hill, CT. j í * 1 LOCTITE 640 is a liquid composed of 30-60% polyurethane methacrylate resin, 10-30% polyglycol dimethacrylate, 5-10% hydroxyalkyl methacrylate, 5-10% acrylic acid, and 1-5% eumeno hydroperoxide. j * 2 LOCTITE 661 is composed of 30-60% polyurethane methacrylate resin, 10-30% polyglycol dimethacrylate, 5-10% acrylic acid, 5-10% hydroxyalkyl methacrylate, copper glides easily from the open end of the aluminum tube under its own weight.

A base was applied to a mating end of Member The base 7088 was applied as gel from a tube while the less viscous base A was applied with a brush. An anaerobic curable composition was applied to the coupling end of the other member. The open end of copper? it was slidably placed on the open end of aluminum with a certain rotation between the parts to help 1 distribute the base and curable composition. The parts were held together for less than 10 seconds. The composition was left to be cured for 24 hours. The connection was subjected to an internal pressure of 172.36 bar without leakage or mating failure. This connection was suitable for use in high pressure applications such as compressed gas systems and refrigeration systems. ! The aluminum and copper Ips tubes were obtained I Same sizes and type as previously used. The open end of the copper tube could easily be placed inside the open end of the aluminum tube without interference between the ends. The open end of the copper tube was easily slid out of the open end of the aluminum tube under its own weight.

The same compositions anaerobically curable as previously used were applied to the coupling surface of a member. No base was used. The open copper end was slidably placed on the open end of aluminum with a certain turn between the parts to help distribute the base and curable composition. The parts were held together for less than 10 seconds. The composition was left to be cured for 24 hours. The connection could not maintain an internal pressure of more than 172.36 bar. This connection was not suitable for use in high pressure applications, for example, in compressed gas systems or refrigeration systems. The results are presented briefly in the following table.

Table 4 * 2 Base A is of a formulation similar to LOCTITE 7088 but with a viscosity of less than about 5,000 cps.

Example 3 A first consumer refrigerator was purchased. The refrigerator was checked to ensure it will work properly. After ensuring that the refrigerator will function properly, the coolant was evacuated and all welded connections were removed.

I Each connection was assembled again applying the bajse LOCTITE 7088 to one component and LOCTITE 640 corjno curable composition to another component. The components in each coupling were slidably placed together. The parts were held together for less than 10 seconds. The composition was allowed to cure for less than about 1 hour. Figure 6 illustrates the or after the connections were assembled the curable composition. The cooling system was reflowed with coolant and cooling oil according to the manufacturer's specifications and was activated within 1 hour after making the new connections. No leak was found in any connection. The refrigerator was activated and operated normally. The refrigerator was in use for more than eighteen (18) months with no loss of performance and no failure or leakage in any connection.

A second consumer refrigerator as used previously was purchased. The refrigerator was checked to ensure it works correctly. After the verification of the operation, the refrigerant was evacuated and all the soldered connections were dismantled.

Each connection was assembled again applying LOCTITE 640 as a component curable composition. No base was used. The components in each coupling were slidably placed together. The parts were held together for less than 10 seconds. The composition was allowed to cure for less than about 1 hour. The refrigeration system was filled with refrigerant and refrigeration oil according to the manufacturer's specifications and was activated within a period of 1 hour after making the new connections. Almost immediately found refrigerant leaks in multiple connections. The cooling system was evacuated. The connections were not convenient for use in the cooling system.

Claims (20)

1. A method for making a high pressure connection, the connection consists essentially of a first tubular member, a second tubular member and the cured reaction products of a radically curable composition, comprising: providing the first tubular member having a portion distal coupling; Providing the second tubular member having a distal coupling portion; applying a base composition to one of the distal coupling portions; applying a radically curable composition to one of the distal coupling portions; sliding the second distal coupling portion of the tubular member into the first distal coupling portion of the tubular member, the outer surface of the first member defines an outer surface of the high pressure connection and the internal surface of the second member defines an inner surface of the the high pressure connection; curing the curable composition to maintain the second distal coupling portion of the tubular member within the first distal coupling portion of the tubular member to thereby form the high pressure connection.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein one The first or second tubular members is aluminum and the other member is selected from copper, aluminum, steel, coated steel and plastic.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the curable composition comprises up to about 65% by weight of a polyfunctional (meth) acrylate; 0% by weight approximately 25% by weight of a monofunctional (meth) acrylate; and about 0.1% by weight to about 10% by weight of a curing induction component having a free radical healing mechanism.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the high pressure connection i is part of a refrigeration system selected from a refrigerator, freezer, refrigerator-freezer, air conditioner, HVAC system or heat pump. !

5. A high pressure connection, comprising: a first tubular member having a first distal coupling portion that includes a substantially cylindrical thread-free external surface, a substantially cylindrical thread-free internal surface having an internal diameter defining an orifice through the member, and a first circumferential end that connects the external surfaces! and internal; a second tubular member having a second distal coupling portion including a substantially uniform cylindrical external surface free of threads and defining an outer diameter smaller than the internal diameter of the first member, a substantially uniform cylindrical internal surface free of threads that defines a hole through the member, and a second circumferential end connecting the external and internal surfaces, the second distal coupling portion is located within the first distal coupling portion, wherein the external diameter is substantially constant over the length of the second portion of distal coupling; and a cured reaction product of an anaerobic curable composition located between the coupling portions Í disrupt them; wherein one of the first tubular member or second tubular member is aluminum and the other is selected from aluminum, copper, brass, steel, coated steel and plastic.

6. The high pressure connection of claim 5, wherein there is no plastic deformation of the distal coupling portions after the second distal coupling portion is located within the first distal coupling portion.

7. A refrigeration system or a gas compression system comprising the waterproof high pressure fluid connection of two parts of claim 5. j

8. A method for making a high-pressure connection, the connection essentially consists of a first distal coupling portion, a second distal coupling portion and cured reaction products of a radically curable composition located between the first and second distal coupling portions, comprising: providing the first distal coupling portion including a thread free outer surface, a substantially uniform cylindrical thread-free internal coupling surface having an internal diameter defining an orifice through the distal coupling portion, and a circumferential end that connects the external and internal surfaces; providing the second distal coupling portion including a substantially uniform cylindrical external thread-free engagement surface i and defining an external diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the first distal coupling portion, a substantially uniform cylindrical internal surface free of threads which defines a hole through the distal coupling portion, and a circumferential end connecting the outer surfaces! and internal; applying a base composition to one of the coupling surfaces of the distal coupling portion; j apply a curable composition anaerobically to u, na the coupling surfaces of the coupling portion i I distal j I sliding the second distal coupling portion into the first distal coupling portion; curing the anaerobic composition to maintain the second distal coupling portion within the first portion. The distal coupling to thereby form the high pressure connection. j

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the high pressure connection is a two part connection consisting essentially of the cured composition, a first tubular member including the first distal coupling portion and the second tubular member including the second coupling portion distal

10. The method of claim 8, wherein the high pressure connection is a multi-part connection consisting essentially of the cured composition, a connector including the first distal coupling portion and a second tubular member including the second coupling portion distal

11. The method of claim 8, wherein the outer surface of the first distal coupling portion defines an outer surface of the high pressure connection and the inner surface of the second distal coupling portion defines an inner surface of the high pressure connection .

12. The method of claim 8, wherein: the first distal portion extends from a first tubular member, the first tubular member has a length jno i coupled at least about ten times the internal diameter of the first distal coupling portion; Y the second distal coupling portion doe extends from a second tubular member, the second tubular member has an uncoupled length at least about ten times the external diameter of the second distal coupling portion.

13. The method of claim 8, wherein the high pressure connection remains impermeable to a pressurized refrigerant of at least 137.89 bar.

14. The method of claim 8, wherein one of the first or second distal coupling portions is aluminum and the other of the distal coupling portions is selected from copper, aluminum, steel, coated steel and plastic.

15. The method of claim 8, wherein the base composition comprises about 0.1% by weight to about 20% by weight of a metal-containing compound; 0% by weight to about 30% by weight of a polymer matrix selected from urea-urethanes, aliphatic hydrocarbons modified with hydroxy or amine, liquid additives i based on polyester-amide, polyacrylamides, polyimides, polyhydroxyalkyl acrylates, and Theological combinations thereof; and about 50% by weight to about 99.9% by weight of a carrier comprising (meth) acrylate.

16. The method of claim 8, wherein the curable composition comprises a functional component of (meth) acrylate, at least a portion thereof includes a monofunctional (meth) acrylate; and a curing induction component having a free radical healing mechanism.

17. The method of claim 8, further comprising the step of preventing plastic deformation of the distal coupling portions after the second distal coupling portion slides within the first distal coupling portion. j

18. A method for making a high-pressure connection to the connection consists essentially of a first tubular member, a second tubular member and cured reaction products of a radically curable composition, comprising: providing the first tubular member having a distal coupling portion that includes a substantially uniform cylindrical external surface free of threads, a substantially uniform cylindrical internal surface free of threads that ! it has an internal diameter defining a hole through the member, and a circumferential end connecting the external and internal surfaces; providing the second tubular member having a distal coupling portion that includes a substantially uniform cylindrical external surface free of threads and defining ! an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the first member, a substantially uniform cylindrical internal surface free of threads defining a hole through the member, and a circumferential end connecting the outer and inner surfaces; sliding the second distal coupling portion of the tubular member into the first distal coupling portion of the tubular member, the outer surface of the tubular member; member defines an outer surface of the high connection I pressure and the inner surface of the second member defines an inner surface of the high pressure connection; j providing a base composition and a composition curable in a radical manner to the assembled distal coupling portions; and j curing the curable composition to maintain the second distal coupling portion of the tubular member within the first distal coupling portion of the tubular member in order to form the high pressure connection.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein one of the first or second tubular members is aluminum and the other member is selected from copper, aluminum, steel, coated steel and plastic.

20. The method of claim 18, wherein the high pressure connection is a "U" shaped return curve.