MX2008006901A - Washing device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a washing device (10) which is used to dispense water in sanitary fittings, in particular, in a shower or a washstand. Said washing device comprises an outlet (1) for spraying liquids at a low through-flow rate, in addition to a conveying device (6) which is used to increase the pressure of the liquid prior to spraying. In a preferred embodiment, the inventive washing device (10) comprises a heating device (5) which is used to heat the water. In another preferred embodiment, spraying occurs in such a manner that a liquid jet (21) strikes an obstacle (21, 34) at a high relative speed. The obstacle can be a solid body (34) or at least one additional liquid jet (21). Preferably, spraying is carried out such that the outlet (1) comprises at least one set of nozzles (2) having at least two nozzles (3) in order to produce liquid jets which impact upon each other (21) and spray the liquid. The set of nozzles (2) comprises nozzles (3), whereby the jets thereof (21) meet at least approximately at one point (20).

Description

WASHING DEVICE DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to the field of spray devices, in particular to a washing device and to a method for operating a washing device according to the preamble of the corresponding independent indications. STATE OF THE ART A washing device of this type is known, for example, from WO 2004/101163 A1. It describes a shower head with water nozzles arranged in pairs, so that the jets of two nozzles of a pair collide with each other and dissolve in droplets. The objective of the device is to allow a pleasant shower experience with different operating pressures between 0.2 bar and 10 bar and reduce water consumption compared to conventional shower heads. It is sought to prevent in this, however, that, in addition to the droplets of water, a mist of very fine droplets is also generated. For this purpose, the jets are arranged which collide with each other preferably in such a way that they are not completely intercepted. It is also known, e.g., from WO 98/07522 to install a heater in a shower head to heat the water immediately before the emission by the shower. However, large heating energies are required depending on the volume of the water flow. In the product manual "The Heatstore Aque-Flow, Pumped Electric Shower Handbook" from Heatstore Limited, Island Park, Bristow Broadway, Bristol BS11 9FB, downloaded from www.heatstore.co.uk on 11/07/2006, describes an electric shower The shower is intended to be fed from a tank and has, for this reason, a pump to transport the water. For water heating, a two-stage electric heater is provided whose heating power is, depending on the model, 8.5kW / 7.8k or 9.5 / 8.7k. The temperature of the water dispensed is adjusted, by varying the flow rate of the water. For this, a manually operated control valve is connected after the pump. The inlet pressure before the appliance must not be excessively high, probably to protect the pump, so the appliance can not be connected to a water supply network, nor placed more than 10m below the tank. Therefore, the heating energy, as well as the flow, are therefore relatively high. DE 100 04 534 A1 discloses a hydromassage nozzle for the production of a pulsating water jet. The massage nozzle is appropriately controlled for it by pumps or valves. The massage nozzle is intended for operation in a tub of water as a bath with shower, Whirlpool, pool or a gymnastic tub, that is, for a submerged operation where there is no atomization. BE 514 104 shows a spray head with atomization by jets that collide with each other. The spray core has four or more oblique perforations having a diameter of lmm or 12mm that are oriented to a shared focus point. The sieve operates as a dirt filter. There is no mention, however, of an increase in pressure, for example by means of a pump. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is therefore an object of the invention to create a washing device and a method for operating a washing device, respectively to provide water for washing, of the type mentioned initially, which allows a reduction in energy consumption and / or water compared to the state of the art. Another object of the invention is to create a washing device that can be installed with little investment and that can be installed, in particular, also in buildings or installations with an existing water network and electrical network without essential extension of the networks. Another objective is to create a washing device and a method for the operation of a washing device that does not exhibit susceptibility in terms of the spread of infectious diseases. These objectives are achieved by means of a washing device and a method for the operation of a washing device having the features according to the independent claims. The washing device for the emission of water or a water-based mixture, in particular in the sanitary area, for example a shower or a washbasin table, has at least one outlet for spraying liquids with a low flow rate and at an increased pressure, as well as at least one pumping device for increasing one liquid pressure before spraying at an operating pressure of the outlet. If the washing device is connected to a water supply network, then the operating pressure of the outlet is higher than the nominal pressure of the water supply network. This nominal pressure is typically located near 2.5 bar, for the protection of the pipes the pressure in home installations (depending on the regulations of the local water supply company) is limited, for example, to a maximum of 5 bar or 6 bar. The spraying of the liquid occurs naturally in a gaseous medium, in the case of a washing device typically in the atmosphere, respectively, the ambient air in which the washing device is operated. The sprayed liquid is usually water or a water-based mixture. That is, it is possible to mix with the water an additive such as soap or other means of cleaning or disinfection. The mixture can leave all the nozzles. It is also possible to feed the nozzles in each case with different liquids or mixtures of liquid, for example, one nozzle with water and the other with liquid soap, or one with water and one with disinfecting agent. In other embodiments of the invention, gaseous fluids are fed by their own nozzles. It is also possible to use a high pressure gas jet to atomize a jet of liquid. The gas jet can be, in particular, a steam jet. The washing device can have application, in addition to the sanitary area, also in the therapeutic, cosmetic and pharmacological area. The added liquids may also contain cosmetic or medicinal active substances. In an application in other areas it is possible to add additives such as food, fertilizers, plant protection agents, etc. to the water, presenting a good atomization and with it an increase in the total surface of the atomized liquid. In principle, other liquids can also be sprayed than those based on water with the same kind of media, for example, fuel in drives or heaters, or chemical substances in process chemistry. Industrial applications of atomization methods and atomization devices for coating and impregnation are also possible. Thanks to the pressure increase it is possible to spray liquid, despite a small flow rate, so that a pleasant experience of washing or showering is presented. Tests have shown in particular that the skin is completely wetted even with unexpectedly low flow rates, and there does not arise, for example, the feeling that there is an insufficient supply of water. This feeling is explained because, thanks to the spraying respectively the atomization with increased pressure and through correspondingly narrow nozzles, the size of the particles of the water droplets is substantially reduced compared to conventional showers. As a result, the total surface of the liquid droplets is substantially greater than having the same volume of liquid with larger droplets, and consequently the effect upon wetting the body increases. With the same volume, for example, a few drops with a radius of 50 microns have a contact surface 20 times greater than a drop with 1 mm radius.

This pumping device or this pump, therefore, is preferably disposed locally as part of the washing device, near the outlet, respectively, of a showerhead, that is, in a bath or as an installation element of a showerhead. a mobile or stationary shower booth. In principle it is also possible to imagine a central pressure increase, for example, in a building for several shower devices. A pressure increase can thus be provided centrally for the entire building, or several units can be used for the central increase, for example, in each case a unit for the centralized increase in pressure, for example, in each case a unit for a floor or a unit for a vertical power line through several floors. This makes it easier to keep pumping noises away from users. With the operating pressures of the outlet, preferably used, from 10 to 40 or 50 bar, in particular 15 to 25 bar, the pipes present in the buildings, however, are excessively demanded and it would be necessary to install new pipes of water. The pump is operated, for example, electrically. On the other hand, in the case of using decentralized pumps, it is also possible to use several pumps per washing device, in particular if different liquids are mixed in the washing device. It is thus possible to provide a pump for each of the liquids, and the quantity of this liquid can be controlled by controlling the respective pump. The mixing of the liquids is done either before spraying or during the same spraying. In order to present a clean spray in the second case, it is possible, for example, to control the pumps in a coordinated manner, or for each of the liquids there may be at least one pair of nozzles oriented against each other which are fed by the same pump. In this way, a clean atomization is carried out for each of the liquids, independently of the exact volume of the pump and the jet velocity of the other liquid. The shock points of the various pairs of nozzles (according to the various liquids) may coincide or be, for example, spaced apart from each other in the main direction of the spray. Flow control can be performed by controlling the pump (s) or by mechanical control means at the outlet or supply line. Such a mechanical control means is, e.g., a manually adjustable reduction valve. Thanks to the low consumption of water, the washing device is particularly suitable for installation in means of transport such as railways, airplanes, mobile homes or other mobile facilities such as transportable washing facilities, etc. Other examples of application are, for example, in showers or washing facilities in public baths, in dishwashing machines or for watering plants. In another embodiment of the invention, the pump, respectively, a means for generating pressure is operated manually. It is thus also possible without external power supply to produce pressure in a pressure tank and to use a washing device below or also for a prolonged period. This embodiment of the invention is particularly advantageous when combined with a solar hot water production. In this way a completely autonomous washing unit with low water consumption is obtained. The pressure tank is preferably identical with a water tank and also has a surface exposed to radiation for heating the water tank. The pressure can be stored in this by expanding a flexible container and / or by compressing a volume of air in the pressure tank. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the washing device has a heating device for heating the water, respectively, the liquid. Thanks to the low flow rate this heating can be designed comparatively small. In particular, it can be configured as a continuous flow heater, that is, without a tank in which water is heated, as in the case of boiler heating or storage heating. The heating can be operated electrically, with a fluid fuel such as gas or oil, or otherwise. In another embodiment of the invention, the supply with hot water is carried out from a boiler, that is, from a storage heating, or in general with stored hot water. Due to the low heating power required, it is possible to operate an electric heater with existing household electrical installations. This allows to install the heating in a decentralized manner, that is, each shower, respectively, washing device has its own heating, and a central hot water preparation is not required. There are several advantages to this, in particular for hotel installations: - Only one cold water supply is required for the washing device; you can do without a supply of hot water. - Thanks to decentralized heating, which also occurs only as required ("on demand"), storage and piping losses of a conventional central hot water preparation are avoided. - As the system contains only cold water until shortly before consumption, and in particular there are no hot water tanks, no pathological germ cultures can be generated as e.g. legionella. The heating device is preferably equipped to heat the water in regulated manner to a predetermined dispensing temperature prior to dispensing. In this way it is possible to predetermine a temperature by means of a manually adjustable predetermination device, e.g., a rotary knob. The water temperature is measured and regulated automatically by adapting the heating power. This is substantially more accurate, faster and more comfortable than conventional temperature regulation by adjusting a mixing ratio in a mixing key. Preferably the predetermined temperature that can be adjusted manually is, in this case, preferably limited to a predetermined value, and / or the dispensing temperature is limited to a predetermined value. This value is for people washing devices, for example, 45 ° C or 50 ° C or 55 ° C. In this way, on the one hand, scalds are avoided and, on the other hand, the heating power can be kept low, respectively, in accordance with the maximum flow rate. In another preferred embodiment of the invention, unheated water is mixed with the heated water after heating to reduce the temperature of the water. In this way it is possible to operate the heating at a different (more efficient) operating point than if the heating should reach the lowest temperature without mixing. For example, the heater can heat the water to approximately 90 ° C, then put it (for sanitary applications) by adding cold water again at a lower dispensing temperature. For other applications the highest dispensing temperature can also be used. Suitable as heating are, among others, the continuous flow heaters such as are disclosed in EP 0 832 400 Bl or in EP 0 869 731 Bl. These documents are incorporated in the act by reference in the application. According to this, a heated tube is suspended in such a way that it is movable respectively deformed during the operation. The cause of the displacement or of the deformation can be changes of temperature, changes of pressure and / or vibrations of a pump. This releases deposits of lime in the tube. These continuous flow heaters are originally designed for coffee machines and - compared to conventional washing and showering devices - for relatively low flow rates. It is possible to combine them, optionally by adapting the heating power, with the low flow spray devices according to the present invention. These continuous flow heaters are suitable, in particular, for high operating pressures, for example, up to 10 bar or more. The regulation of the temperature can be done by regulating the electric heating power or by adding cold water. That is, the washing device preferably has a cold water supply and a power supply for heating, but no supply with hot water. The supply with energy can be electric or a supply with fuel gas. But neither is another supply excluded. The washing device can be configured as a compact module having only one cold water connection and one power supply connection. Such module contains in a box the pressure pump and heating, as well as, preferably, a pre-treatment unit for the water fed, respectively the liquid. The pretreatment unit preferably has one or a combination of the following functions: coarse filter, microfilter, disinfection, antibacterial treatment, decalcification. Controls for controlling the temperature and / or controlling the pressure can exist as inputs for the control. These can be installed in the same module or in a separate control unit. In a preferred embodiment of the invention the maximum output flow rate is 5 1 / min or 3 1 / min, and preferably 1.0 to 1.5 to 2 1 / min, which corresponds to a heating device with a maximum heating power of approximately 3 kW. In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the maximum flow rate of the outlet is 1 1 / min and preferably 0.5 1 / min, which corresponds to a heating device having a maximum heating power of approximately 1 kW. These conditions are appropriate, for example, for an outlet of a water tap for a washbasin (or a sink or dishwashing table). The flow rates referred to in the preceding are related in each case to a set of nozzles. In case of using several sets of nozzles, the flow rate is increased correspondingly. The heating power for electric heating is limited, depending on the fuse and the number of phases used, typically 2, 4 or 6 kW. This also limits the maximum flow in the case of a decentralized heating, which represents an important stimulus to reduce the flow rate while simultaneously maintaining the wash quality. In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the washing device has a mixing device for mixing the water with soap before dispensing. This mixing device can be turned on and off, so that the washing device can be operated in a first and in a second mode of operation, adding in the first mode of operation ("lathering") soap to the water and the water flow rate , for example, amounts to less than 3 1 / min or less than 1 1 / min and preferably to 0.5 1 / min, and in the second mode of operation ("rinse") no soap is added to the water and the water flow rate climb up to 1 1 / min or (in the case of a shower) up to 3 1 / min or up to 5 1 / min. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the outlet has a body of nozzles in which the nozzle body has two nozzle discs, the nozzle discs being rotatably disposed to each other at different positions. In this case, depending on the torsion angle, there is a set of nozzles of the first nozzle disk with different sets of nozzles of the second nozzle disk. If the first nozzle disk is a top nozzle disk and the second nozzle disk is a lower nozzle that is oriented towards the user or the spray direction, then it is possible to couple, by rotating the second nozzle disk, a set of nozzles with a feature to be selected with the set of nozzle feeders of the disc upper nozzles. In the case where the first nozzle disk is a lower nozzle disk, one of several sets of nozzle feeders of the second upper nozzle disk can be selected by turning the first nozzle disk. Different sets of feeding nozzles can be fed, for example, with different liquids or combinations of liquids, so that by turning the first nozzle disk a selection of the spray liquid mixture is accessed. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, atomization is effected because a jet of liquid collides at a high relative velocity with an obstacle. The obstacle can be in this case a solid moving or fixed body, or at least one other fluid jet, i.e. a jet of liquid or a jet of gas. The relative velocity is generated as a result of the speed of the liquid jet and / or a displacement of the solid body. Means to achieve a high relative speed are, therefore, nozzles for the production of a jet of liquid, possibly in connection with a pump for increasing the pressure, and / or moving solid bodies in which one or more jets of liquid impinge. In particular, such a solid body - hereinafter also referred to as an atomizer body - can be rotated at high revolutions per minute. The speed of rotation depends on the desirable relative velocity and the radius of a shock point of a jet of liquid relative to the axis of rotation. The relative velocity between the particles in the liquid jet and the atomizer body amounts to more than 20, 30 or 40 m / s and preferably at least about 50 m / s. In this way an appropriate size and speed of the atomized jet is achieved. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, atomization occurs because the outlet has at least one set of nozzles having at least two nozzles for the production of jets of liquid that collide with each other and for the atomization of the liquid. The set of nozzles has, by way of example, two, three, four or more nozzles whose jets collide with each other at least approximately at one point. In another variant, the jets can be displaced slightly on purpose, so that they do not collide with each other at a point, and thus produce, for example, a feeling of mass j e. In case the liquid, in addition to water, contains another medium such as soap, then this additional medium can be added to the feed of all the nozzles or only to some of the nozzles. The washing device has for this a mixing device for adding the soap to the liquid supply of at least one of the nozzles. If there is sufficient viscosity it is possible to alternatively feed the additional medium as liquid without mixing at least one nozzle. In both cases the liquids are mixed additionally when colliding with each other and distributed. In principle, it is also possible in this case that in the case of feeding nozzles with different liquids, the feed pressure, the type of the various pumps used and the diameter of the nozzles according to the respective liquids also vary among themselves. In this way it is possible to achieve a uniform optimum atomization. It is also possible, for example, to bring the soap from above to the point of collision of the jets that collide with each other and add it in this way. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the washing device has protective bodies that are arranged in the direction towards the nozzles, so that a jet of water, which is not intercepted by other jets of liquid, impinges on a protective body . In this way, it is prevented that in the event that a nozzle is covered the outgoing jet of another nozzle of the nozzle set impacts directly on the skin or on the eyes. But it has also been discovered that in the case of a non-perfect orientation of the jets of a set of nozzles these are partially atomized and the remaining part produces a "tickling effect" on the skin which, depending on the magnitude and personal preference It can be perceived as pleasant or as a massage. In a preferred embodiment of the invention the nozzles, therefore, are not precisely aligned to each other, but, by way of example, only having an intersection of the jet areas of 60% or 80%. Or you can alternate between different modes of operation with different intersection and, with it, with a different showering sensation. This can be done by changing between different sets of nozzles, or by mechanical variation of the alignment of at least one nozzle of a set of nozzles. Thanks to the only partial intersection of the jet areas, an asymmetry of the sprayed water jet is generated. Other options for producing an asymmetry are, by way of example, the use of different nozzle diameters in the case of at least two nozzles of a set of nozzles. Or two nozzles of a set of nozzles can be operated with different liquid pressures. This can be achieved by the use of pumps separated by nozzle or by the use of different means of pressure reduction (throttles) per nozzle. In principle it is also possible to vary and control these different pressures per nozzle as a function of time. This allows to dynamically vary the form and, with it, also the movement of the atomized jet. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the outlet has exactly one set of nozzles. This allows to produce the output in a very compact and simple way. Preferably, a diameter of the nozzles 3 amounts to between 0.1 or 0.2 or 0.3 mm and 1.3 mm to 2 mm, in particular between 0.4 mm and 0.7 mm. The length of the nozzles is at least twice the diameter to achieve a laminar flow in the jet. Preferably, a pressure of 10 bar to 50 bar, in particular of 15 bar to 25 bar, is used as the operating pressure of the outlet, the pressure preferably being essentially constant, ie non-pulsating. The average angle of impact in relation to the vertical is preferably between 35 and 55 degrees, in particular at 45 degrees. It can rise in principle, however, to between zero and 90 degrees. In a preferred embodiment of the invention the pressure is adjustable by the user. Either the controlled pressure is adjusted according to the user's judgment, or the user predetermines a theoretical value to which it is regulated by means of a pressure measurement by a pressure regulation. In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the outlet has at least one nozzle for the production of a jet of water or liquid, as well as a mobile or stationary atomizing body for atomizing the jet. That is to say, the jet is oriented towards the atomizing body. A stationary atomizing body is fixedly positioned at the outlet and can not move relative to the jet or jets. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the atomizing body is displaceable relative to the at least one nozzle along a line. In this way, a modification of the atomization characteristic, respectively, of the geometry of the droplet cloud produced in the atomization is achieved. Preferably, the nozzle is aligned according to the position of the atomizing body along the line referred to in each case to another region of the atomizing body. These regions have different characteristics, in particular a different orientation relative to the jet and / or structure. of different surface. In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the atomizing body can rotate about an axis of rotation relative to the at least one nozzle. Thanks to this it is possible to achieve different functions: similarly as in the linear displacement, a region of different design of the atomizer body can rotate, even through a passing rotation through the axis of rotation, to remain in the jet or in the jets, so that the atomization characteristic is modified. On the other hand, a continuous rotation at a high rotation speed allows an atomization to be achieved without the jet of liquid of the at least one nozzle having a particularly high pressure or a high speed or a high energy. It is possible, therefore, to perform this mode also without increasing the pressure respectively without a pump. Preferably the atomizing body is at least about a rotational ellipsoid, in particular a sphere, or at least about a disk, the at least one nozzle being oriented to a disk surface or a disk edge. The atomizing body may also have a prismatic shape having an arbitrary cross section. The method for the operation of a washing device for dispensing water or a mixture based on water and optionally another liquid, preferably in the sanitary area, in particular a shower or a washbasin, consists of the following steps: - Increase the water pressure, respectively, the pressure of the liquid at an operating pressure of an output; and spraying the water, respectively, the liquid through the outlet with increased pressure and low flow rate. Other preferred embodiments are apparent from the dependent claims. The features of the method claims can be combined analogously with the device claims and vice versa. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The object of the invention is explained below in more detail by means of preferred embodiments that are represented in the drawings. Shown in each case schematically: Figure 1 a first embodiment of a washing device; Figure 2 another mode; Figure 3 a configuration of a protection body; Figure 4 a module of a washing device; Figure 5 an installation having several washing devices; Figure 6 a washing installation or shower cabin; Figure 7 an arrangement of two nozzles in a front view a) and in a side view b); Figure 8 a structure of a water disk, as it is generated with two jets of water that collide with each other; Figure 9 a perspective view of a set of nozzles having three nozzles; Figure 10 an arrangement of two pairs of nozzles in a front view a) and in a side view b); Figure 11 an outlet with soap feed; Figure 12 a body of nozzles having two nozzle discs that can rotate in the opposite direction from each other; Figure 13 a body of one piece nozzles; Figures 14 and 15 detail views of nozzle openings; Figure 16 a bipartite nozzle body; Figure 17 an outlet having an atomizing body; Figures 18 to 20 other atomizing bodies; Figures 21 and 22 a disc as an atomizing body; Figure 23 a domed disk as an atomizing body; Figure 24 pressure and flow ratios in different types of nozzles; Figure 25 heating power requirement at different water flow rates; and Figure 26 heating power requirement in relation to the heating power. The reference symbols used in the drawings and their meaning are summarized in the list of reference symbols. In principle, equal parts with the same reference symbols are designated in the figures. WAYS OF CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of a washing device 10. It has an outlet 1 having at least one set 2 of nozzles. The set 2 of nozzles, in turn, has two or more nozzles 3. By means of the nozzles 3, a liquid with high pressure and, therefore, with high speed, respectively, energy in an oriented manner is dispensed during the operation. The nozzles 3 of a set of nozzles are oriented in such a way that the dispensed liquid jets intersect and, preferably, coincide at a point. Due to this the liquid is atomized and thus displays a highly moisturizing effect. The liquid is usually water, it being possible, however, also to dispense from one, several, or all the nozzles another liquid or a mixture of water with another substance such as soap, a disinfecting agent, etc. The liquid is supplied to outlet 1 preferably through a hose 19 or generally through an outlet line that is designed for the operating pressure of the outlet, i.e. can resist this operating pressure. The output line can be mounted stationary. The output can be a fixed mounted sprinkler or a manual and moveable sprinkler, respectively a sprinkler head. The liquid is heated by a heater 5 having a power supply 13 and pumped at a higher operating pressure by a pump 6. In another embodiment of the invention the heater 5 is arranged in the flow direction before the pump 6, so that the pump 6 is configured to pump the already heated water. Preferably, a microfilter 7 is arranged in the supply of the liquid 11 or at another point in the liquid path to prevent the nozzles 3 from becoming clogged. In the embodiment shown of the invention, the supply of the liquid is a supply 11 of cold water. The filter 7 is preferably provided for filtering particles of a size greater than 100, in particular more than 50 microns, from the water, respectively, of the liquid. Figure 2 shows another mode that does not have heating 5, but is instead fed through a mixing key in which water is mixed from a supply 11 of cold water and a supply 12 of hot water to obtain a temperature desirable. As a further embodiment of the invention, a soap feed 15 is also indicated by which soap may be added to the water by a mixing device 14. Instead of soap, other fluid or powdery additives can also be added in this manner. The mixing device 14 can conveniently be turned on and off so that it is possible to change from a "soaping" mode of operation with soap and a "rinse" mode of operation without soap. In this case it is necessary that the mixing device 14 be arranged very close to the shower head, so that only water comes out of the mixer device 14 after turning it off as soon as possible. Preferably, in the "rinse" mode of operation, compared to the "soaping" mode of operation, the volume of water pumped per unit of time, ie the flow rate, for example by changing between different sets 2 of nozzles, is also increased. , or by increasing the water pressure by the pump 6, or a variation of the nozzle diameters. Figure 3 shows a conditioning of a protective body 4. By means of the protective body 4 a jet of liquid is intercepted which does not cross, or insufficiently, with another jet of liquid. This can happen in particular if a nozzle is clogged or damaged. The protective body 4 prevents the jet from hitting the skin or eyes directly. The protective body 4, respectively corresponding projections of the outlet 1 are then arranged in such a way that they are located in each case in the direction of the jet of each nozzle 3, but are only non-essentially reached by the atomized liquid , that is to say, that do not substantially impede the atomized liquid. Figure 4 shows a module 16 of a washing device. In the module 16, the elements presented heretofore, such as in particular the heating 5, the pump 6, the microfilter 7, and possibly also the device 14, are contained in a compact unit in a box depending on the mode. mixer and soap feed 15, etc. The box has a power supply 13 and a cold water supply 11, and supplies the outlet 1 through the hose 19. Optionally, control elements 18 can be arranged to control or regulate the temperature and / or the pressure in a control unit 17. In another variant (indicated by interrupted line), the elements 18 of are arranged in the module 16 itself. In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the module 16 has the same elements except the pump 6 and is connected to an external pump to increase the pressure. The external pump can supply several modules 16 of this type. A system of washing devices according to this embodiment therefore has at least one module 16 and an external pump and a pressure water line for feeding the at least one module 16 by means of the pump 6. To operate the washing device to dispense heated water, the pump 6 and the heating 5, activated by the control unit, are preferably switched on. Because the heating 5 preferably does not have a storage tank, it is possible to obtain hot water practically directly, ie without a relevant heating time. The pump can be turned on for this eventually with a small delay for a few seconds, that is, less than 2 or 5 or 10 seconds. As an alternative, the pump 6 can also be controlled by starting in the idle state and gradually accelerating to the normal pumping power, so that the dispensing temperature can be increased from the beginning. In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the switching on and off of the washing device is controlled by an electrical switch or sensor in the output 1. As an alternative, a mechanical valve is provided in the output 1 or in the supply line 19. When a user opens the valve, a pressure change occurs in the supply line 19, which is detected by a sensor in the module 16, the washing device with the pump 6 being activated consequently and optionally also the heating 5 by the control of the module 16. Figure 5 shows an installation having several washing devices 10. In each washing device 10 there is only one supply 11 of cold water and the power supply 13 in the module 16. The washing devices 10 are arranged, for example, in several places of a building or in a mobile washing facility. Figure 6 shows a washing installation or a shower cabin. In these there are several outputs 1 that are fed with water at heated pressure, preferably through a common supply unit 16, arranged above and laterally of the washing space. It has been discovered that this allows to generate quickly a very good, homogeneous distribution of heat and a pleasant sensation of showering. The same effect also arises by having only one nozzle head if the shower booth remains closed. Despite the reduced amount of water used, the transition of heat to the body is very good. The small drops quickly heat the air in the cabin, which produces a homogeneous heat sensation. The homogeneous distribution of heat is the consequence of the air being heated quickly thanks to the large surface of the drops. The drops are cooled immediately due to their small mass. A temperature balance is generated. Figure 7 shows, by way of example, an arrangement of two nozzles 3 in a front view a), seen in the direction of a main spray direction of the device, and in a side view b). The jets 21 of the liquid oriented against each other collide with each other at a point of collision or impact point 20. The two jets 21 define a first plane. The drops of water sprayed on account of the collision form a spray body that is symmetrical with respect to another plane, the second plane being vertical relative to the first plane. In the side view, an angle T is indicated between the jets 21 and a bisector of the angle. Figure 8 shows the structure of a water disc, as it arises when two jets of water collide. As in Figure 7, the main spray direction also runs in Figure 8 downwards. The parameters shown are: vc: jet velocity; r: distance between point of impact and edge of the disk; 2T: impact angle; h: thickness of the disc; 2R: diameter of the jet; F: angle position. If two jets of water are directed against each other with the same force, then a thin disk of water forms between them. The disc dissolves at a certain distance from the point of collision of the two jets and thus produces fine droplets. If the two jets of water have exactly the same force, the vertical components of their impulses cancel out in the collision and, due to the pressure that arose at the time of the collision, a thin layer of water extends horizontally. As soon as there are holes that increase even as a result of the surface tension of the water, the disk is destroyed. The nozzles, and by them, the liquid jets produced are usually round, but may also have a rectangular cross-section or be generally prismatic. Due to the high operating pressures (in the sanitary area) and low water temperatures no lime deposits form on the nozzles or they erode again. Figure 9 schematically shows a perspective view of a set 2 of nozzles having 3 nozzles 3. At the point of impact arise water disks whose planes, seen from above, and having the jets the same force, are located in the bisectors between the jets Similarly, more than three nozzles can be arranged essentially in a circle and oriented to the point of collision. The impact angle T is located in each case between the jets and the vertical axis of symmetry of the nozzle set 2. Each of the nozzles 3 is fed with liquid through a nozzle feed line 22 by the shared pump 6. The nozzle feed lines 22 are only schematically indicated in the figure, in fact they are formed, eg, by cavities between components of the outlet 1. In another embodiment of the invention three different nozzles 3 with different liquids are fed, i.e. in the case of three nozzles two or three different liquids. Different liquids are, for example, soaps, soap solutions, disinfectants, etc. In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the outlet 1 has several sets of nozzles that are arranged side by side in rows or in a circle section or in a circle. In another embodiment of the invention, the outlet 1 has at least two sets of nozzles, the nozzles 3 being arranged approximately in one plane and the impact points of the two sets 2 of the nozzles are at a distance from each other in a direction that extends at least approximately vertically in relation to this plane. Figure 10 schematically shows such an arrangement in a view a) in front and a side view b): two nozzle sets 2, 2 'are arranged transversely to one another: the jets 21 of each nozzle set 2, 2 'define a plane of the nozzle set 2, 2'. The planes of the two nozzle sets 2, 2 'enclose an angle between each other, in the example shown at least approximately a right angle. The impact points of the two nozzle sets 2, 2 'preferably have a distance between them, but both are located on the line of intersection of both planes. Figure 11 shows an outlet 1 with a soap feed 23. The soap feed 23 is disposed at the outlet 1 above the impact point 20, so that the fed soap drips or runs to the region of the impact point 20. The soap is dragged and by the jets of water in collision and mixing. The soap feed 23, preferably, is controllable, respectively, can be switched on and off. To that end, it has, as an example, a control means, for example, a closure or a valve or a pump that are controllable, that is, they can be switched on and off manually by means of a control line. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the soap feed has an intermediate tank as a means of dosing. The intermediate reservoir is filled with a determined volume of soap when the control means is actuated and then successively dispenses this volume back to the water supplied to it, or - as in FIG. 11 - to the impact point 20, until it is has emptied. The soap may be liquid or in powder form and may be brought closer by the soap feed 23 to the impact point 20 than is indicated in the figure. Instead of soap, other fluid or powdery additives can also be added in this manner. It is also possible to introduce gaseous additives or to be blown as a gas jet through a separate nozzle at the impact point 20. Figure 12 shows a nozzle body 40 as part of an outlet 1. The nozzles are formed by perforations in a nozzle body. As an example, three nozzles are shown, but combinations of two, four or more nozzles can be carried out in the same way. In the simplest form, the nozzle body 40 is in one piece. In the embodiment of FIG. 12, the nozzle body has an upper nozzle disk 41 and a lower nozzle disk 42 that are arranged to rotate in opposite directions. The nozzle discs 41, 42 are pressed together, by way of example, by means of a central screw 45 and / or a flange ring 46. The fixing on the outlet 1 can also be done by the central screw 45 and / or the flange ring 46. Figure 12 shows the nozzle body 40 in cross section and the two nozzle discs 41, 42 separately, in each case in a front view. The nozzle body is disposed in such a manner in the outlet 1 that the upper nozzle disk 41 receives the charge of the liquid under pressure and the lower nozzle disk 42 shows in the spray direction. The upper nozzle disk 41 has a set of upper perforations 43 and the lower nozzle disk 42 has at least two sets of lower perforations 44. By turning the nozzle discs in the opposite direction, the position of the upper perforations 43 is selectively coincided with the position of one of the lower pressing sets 44. That is, in this way different sets of the lower perforations 44 are selectively operative. These preferably have a different design, so that a different spraying characteristic is produced as a function of the selection of the lower set of perforations. This differentiated design can refer, by way of example, to the diameter of the nozzles or their mutual orientation. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the upper nozzle disk 41 has several sets of upper perforations 43 which are fed with different liquids or combinations of liquids. The lower nozzle disk 42 has in this mode only one set of lower perforations 44 and can be connected by turning in each case with one of the sets of the upper perforations 43, so that a different composition of the sprayed liquid is produced in function of the selection of the superior set of perforations. Figure 13 shows a body 40 of one-piece nozzles or a lower nozzle disk 42 in cross-section, as well as some details of the nozzle openings. The nozzle body 40 or the nozzle disk 42 is preferably produced from metal or from a technical plastic, for example by extrusion, the nozzle channels 48 preferably being formed by movable slides. The plastic is, by way of example, methylene polyoxide (POM) or polyamide (PA) or polyphenyl sulfide (PPS), and may be provided with inlays of other materials. Figure 14 shows a detail view of a cross section through a first embodiment for configuring the nozzle opening, preferably using a two component extrusion method. A nozzle opening at the outer end of a nozzle channel 48 is formed by a protruding tube section 46 of a softer plastic which is coextruded on the outside with the harder technical plastic of the nozzle body 40., respectively, of the nozzle disk 42. The softer plastic can be deformed by hand, so that the lime deposits fall off. Figure 15 shows a detail view of a cross section through a second embodiment for the configuration of the nozzle openings. A nozzle opening at the outer end of a nozzle channel 48 is formed by a section 47 of metal tube, for example of chrome steel, which is wrapped by the technical plastic of the nozzle body 40, respectively, of the disc 42 of nozzles This allows the outlet openings of the nozzles to be configured with greater precision than is possible with a production only of plastic. To achieve a precise jet the nozzles are, on the one hand, sufficiently long and have a smooth inner surface, which achieves a laminar current. Preferably the nozzles are at least twice as long as their diameter. On the other hand, the cutting edge at the end of the internal face of the nozzles is appropriately configured, preferably forming a right angle. This is applicable, preferably, for all the embodiments of the invention.

To achieve high precision in the alignment of the nozzles it is possible to form the tube sections from a single piece of metal and extrude them all together, as shown in Fig. 16. In particular, the nozzle channels 48 can be configured in an insert 49 in the form of a disc or otherwise. The insert 49 is covered by extrusion with the plastic for the formation of the nozzle body 40, respectively, the nozzle disk 42, the plastic having an extension of the nozzle channels 48. Figure 17 shows an outlet 1 having an atomizer body 34. The atomizer body 34 is disposed in a linearly displaceable manner in the direction of an axis 33 and / or rotating on this axis 33. A drive unit 32 causes this movement respectively these movements and has for it one or two individual drives or motors . At least one nozzle 3 is directed towards the atomizing body 34, such that in the operation of the washing device 10 the liquid jet of this nozzle 3 of the atomizing body 34. In the case of a linear displacement atomizer body 34, the jet impacts according to the position of the atomizer body 34 to a surface of different orientation and / or to a surface of different structure. For example, in the atomizer body of figure 18, which - as an example - is a rotation ellipsoid, a jet impacts on a sector of the surface with an elevation angle a relative to the equator of the ellipsoid. This causes the angle of impact of the jet to vary in the atomizer body 34 and the average direction of the atomized jet as a function of the elevation angle. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the atomizing body 34 has different surface structures along its displacement axis, so that different atomization characteristics can be achieved by displacing the atomizer body 34. As an example, in the atomizer body of figure 17 the surface may have different roughnesses for different areas of elevation angles. Figure 18 shows an atomizing body 34 having these characteristics but without having an ellipsoid as the basic form. The atomizer body 34 has essentially rotational and / or prism symmetry with respect to the axis or axis 33 of rotation. It has, by way of example, along the axis 33 of rotation a first sector 341 having a toothed surface, a second sector 342 having a smooth surface and a third sector 343 having a rough surface, similar to a sandpaper. By displacing the atomizing body 34 the jet is atomized in one or another sector 341, 342, 343 with totally different characteristics. In the embodiment shown each of the sectors has, then, a different surface structure and one or more different orientations of the surface in relation to a jet. In another embodiment, according to figure 19, the body The atomizer is a rotational cylinder, that is, it has different surface structures in the displacement along the axis 33, with uniform impact angle and emission angle. One such modality can be used in a rotary or non-rotating manner, in both cases applying different supeficial structures of the sectors 341, 342, 343 when moving along the axis 33. An atomizing body 34 can thus be used with different types of operation, certain embodiments of the invention can also be oriented only on some of these particular modes of operation: in a first mode of operation the water jets 21, respectively, liquid are produced with great pressure in the nozzles 3 and the displacement capacity is utilized linear of the body 34 atomizer to obtain different atomization characteristics, respectively, of dynamic variation. It is not essential for this that the atomizer body 34 can also rotate or be rotated. The energy of atomizing comes from the great speed of the jets. By moving the body 34 atomizer, either by rotation and / or displacement, it is possible to place surface regions with different structure in the range of the jet 21. In a second mode of operation the atomizer body 34 can be rotated at high speed by the axis 33 of rotation. The atomizing energy comes from the rotation of the atomizer body 34, so that the nozzles can be operated with high pressure, but also with low pressure, that is, without a pump 6. The atomizer body 34 can be, in this case, also displaceable same as in the first mode of operation, but it can also be non-displaceable. Figure 20 shows an atomizing body 34 in the form of a rotational ellipsoid having additional sectors 344, 345, 346 with different surface structures. By rotating the atomizer body 34 along the axis 33 of rotation, different sectors 344, 345, 346 are reached by the jet 21. When moving along the axis 33 of rotation, the angle of impact and the angle of emission are modified. That is, this atomizer body 34 is not provided for a rapid rotation for atomization. Sectors 344, 345, 346 additions correspond to different "longitudinal degrees", while sectors 341, 342, 343 of figures 18 and 19 correspond to different "degrees of latitude" or elevation angles. Figures 21 and 22 show a disc as an atomizing body. Here at least one nozzle 3 is oriented to the disk surface 36 or the disk edge 37. The disk surface 36 may have, according to the radius, different surface structures, which is indicated in figure 21 as a shaded area. The disk surface 36 can also have a profile, that is, the disk surface 36 is not flat but has a rotational symmetry profile as a function of the radius. By displacing the nozzle 3 along the radius, it is also possible to achieve different impact angles and spray characteristics in this way. The disk surface 36 is bulged, according to another embodiment of the invention according to FIG. 23, by way of example in the form of a spherical surface, so that also the emission angle depends on the point of impact. Appropriate revolutions per minute for rotating atomizer bodies 34 are between 5,000 and 200,000 RPM. By varying the number of revolutions the average size of the droplets in the atomized jet varies, the size of the droplets depending on the relative speed between the jet and the atomizer body 34. It turns out that a droplet size of about 20 to 80 microns requires a relative velocity of about 50 m / s. This means, by way of example, that the jet must have a velocity of approximately 50 m / s with a stationary atomizer body 34. In the opposite direction, if the jet has a velocity of only a few m / s, then it is necessary that the atomizer body 34 move at the point of impact with this velocity. This means, for example, that a surface point of a disc or cylinder having a diameter of 30mm should rotate at approximately 30,000 revolutions per minute. Figure 24 shows the pressures P and the flow rates F for different nozzle diameters and nozzle numbers. For each curve, the respective value X / Y is indicated for a number X of nozzles and a diameter Y of nozzle in millimeters, that is, as an example, 2 / 0.7 for an arrangement of 2 nozzles having a diameter of 0.7mm . In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the maximum flow rate of the outlet is 3 1 / min, and preferably 1.5 to 2 1 / min, which corresponds to a heating device with a heating power of approximately 3 kW. Preferably 3 nozzles are operated having a diameter of 0. mm with a pressure of 20 bar. The impact angle T is preferably 45 °. Most of the drops produced, that is, about 80% or more, preferably have a diameter of less than 100 microns. Figure 25 shows the consumption P of heating power in kW as a function of the temperature difference? generated in degrees for different water flows in liters per minute. A flow rate of 14 1 / min corresponds to a normal shower, 12 1 / min corresponds to an adjustable shower, 9 1 / min, a watering shower and 1.5 1 / m correspond to an embodiment of the invention. For example, to heat the water running continuously by a temperature difference of 30 °, a continuous power of 25 kW is required at 12 liters / minute. This assumes an optimum degree of effectiveness of the heating. At a flow rate of 1.5 l / min, only about 2 kW is required. This is located in the range of a heating 5 that can be fed by a usual home installation with alternating current of 230V, respectively 400V of three-phase current. Figure 26 shows the power consumption of heating for low flow rates of 1.2 and 3 1 / min, such as are realizable according to the invention. To this end, the maximum realizable values for heating powers are indicated: a lower horizontal one with a first heating power of approximately 3.6k and a higher horizontal power with a second heating power of approximately 6kW. This corresponds to a supply with 230, respectively, 400 volts with 16 amperes.

According to the season of the year and the desirable water temperature, the water for the shower must be heated approximately by 20 to 35 degrees. This corresponds to the shaded area in the representation. In this region it can be used, then, having flows between 1 and 2 liters, an electric heating step "on demand". For higher flow rates, a tank or boiler heating or more powerful heating is required. List of reference symbols 1 output 18 Control elements 2, 2 'set of nozzles 19 hose, feed line 3 nozzle 20 impact point and di: water 4 protection body 21 liquid jet heating 22 power line nozzle 6 pump 23 soap feed 7 microfilter 32 drive 8 mixer key 33 rotation shaft 10 washing device 34 atomizer body 11 water supply 341- cold body sectors 346 atomizer 12 water supply 35 hot atomizer disk 13 power supply 36 disk surface 14 mixer device 37 disc edge 15 soap feed 16 module

Claims (25)

1. Washing device for the dispensing of water or a water-based mixture, in particular in a shower or in a washbasin, having at least one outlet for spraying liquids at a low flow rate and at an increased pressure, and at least one device of pumping to increase a liquid pressure before spraying it at an operating pressure of the outlet, characterized in that the outlet has exactly one set of nozzles with at least two nozzles and preferably three nozzles for the generation of liquid jets that collide between yes and for the atomization of the liquid, respectively of the liquids.

2. Washing device according to the claim 1, characterized in that it has a heating device for heating the water or the mixture.

3. Washing device according to the claim 2, characterized in that the heating device for regulating heating the water or the mixture is designed for a given dispensing temperature.

Washing device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that it has a cold water supply and a power supply for the heating, but does not have a supply of hot water.

5. Washing device according to claim 4, characterized in that the power supply is a supply of electrical energy and the heating device operates with the principle of continuous passage, respectively, does not possess a particular tank in which the water or mixture is heated.

Washing device according to claim 4, characterized in that the energy supply is a supply of a fluid fuel, in particular a fuel gas.

Washing device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the dispensing temperature is limited to a predetermined value, in particular at 45 ° C or 50 ° C or 55 ° C, and, if there is a temperature regulation , also a predetermined temperature of the temperature regulation, which can be adjusted manually, is delimited to a predetermined value.

Washing device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outlet is part of a showerhead and the maximum flow rate of the outlet is between 3 1 / min and 5 1 / min, and preferably between 1 1 / min and 2 1 / min.

Washing device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the outlet is part of a water tap and the maximum flow rate of the outlet is 1 1 / min and preferably 0.5 1 / min.

Washing device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the nozzle set has exactly three nozzles.

Washing device according to claim 1, characterized in that a set of nozzles is configured or operated asymmetrically, since one of the following measures is present: at least two nozzles of a set of nozzles can be operated with different pressures.

Washing device according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that a diameter of the nozzles is between 0.1 mm and 2 mm, in particular between 0.3 mm and 1.3 mm, and preferably between 0.4 mm and 0.7 mm.

Washing device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has a nozzle body, this nozzle body having a first nozzle disk and a second nozzle disk, the nozzle discs being arranged so as to be able to rotate the first one. against the other at different positions, and, depending on the angle of rotation, a set of nozzles of the first nozzle disk is connected with different sets of nozzles of the second nozzle disk.

Washing device according to one of the claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the pumping device for pumping the water and the liquid is provided for a pressure of 10 bar to 50 bar, in particular from 15 bar to 25 bar.

15. Washing device according to the claim 14, characterized in that the pressure can be adjusted by a user.

16. Washing device according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that in the operation of the nozzle set a preponderant part of the liquid particles produced by the collision of the liquid jets has a diameter of less than 100 microns.

Washing device according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that it has a mixing device for adding soap to the liquid supply of at least one of the nozzles.

Washing device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has a filter for filtering the particles having a size greater than 100, in particular more than 50 microns of water, respectively, of the liquid.

Washing device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pumping device for increasing the liquid pressure is a manually operable pump.

20. Washing device according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that a supply is arranged to feed another liquid, for example, soap or a disinfecting agent to the point of impact of the liquid jets.

21. Washing device for the dispensing of water or a water-based mixture, in particular in a shower or in a washbasin, having an outlet for watering liquids at a low flow rate and with increased pressure and at least one device pumping to increase a liquid pressure before spraying at an operating pressure of the outlet, having a mixing device for mixing liquids, in particular water with a disinfecting agent or with soap before dispensing, characterized in that the mixing device can connect and disconnect and the washing device is operable in a first and in a second mode of operation, mixing in the first mode of operation ("lathering") another liquid with the water, preferably a disinfecting agent or soap, and in the second mode of operation ("rinse") no other liquid is added to the water and the water flow rate is increased compared to the first mode of operation.

Washing device according to claim 21, characterized in that in the first mode of operation the water flow rate is less than 1 1 / min and preferably 0.5 1 / min, and in the second mode of operation of the water flow amounts up to 2 1 / min.

23. Method for the operation of a washing device for the dispensing of water or a mixture based on water and optionally another liquid, in particular in a shower or in a washbasin, having the following steps: -increase the water pressure respectively of the liquid at an operating pressure of an outlet; and - spraying the water, respectively, the liquid through the outlet at an increased pressure and with a low flow rate, producing, and colliding with each other, at least two jets of liquid to spray the liquid by means of exactly one set of nozzles of the outlet with at least two nozzles and preferably three nozzles. Method according to claim 23, characterized in that it comprises the following step: heating the water to a predetermined temperature by means of an electric heater of continuous passage. Method according to claim 23 or 24, characterized in that it comprises the following step: producing a pressure between 10 and 50 bar, in particular between 15 and 25 bar, and dispensing water with a maximum flow rate of 5 liters / min.