MX2008006613A

MX2008006613A - Broccoli type having curds with detached florets

Info

Publication number: MX2008006613A
Application number: MXMX/A/2008/006613A
Authority: MX
Inventors: Franciscus Van Den Bosch; Meinardus Petrus Boon
Original assignee: Franciscus Van Den Bosch; Seminis Vegetable Seeds Inc
Priority date: 2005-11-22
Filing date: 2008-05-21
Publication date: 2008-09-02

Abstract

The present invention includes broccoli plants with curds having detached florets and methods for obtained such broccoli plants. The present invention also provides reagents that can be used in methods for obtaining such broccoli plants.

Description

TYPE OF BROCOLI THAT HAS INFLORESCENCE WITH SEPARATED FLOSSES FIELD OF THE INVENTION BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This application claims priority in accordance with 35 U.S.C. § 119 (e) of the provisional application of E.U.A. Serial No. 60 / 739,803 filed on November 22, 2005. The present invention relates to the field of plant reproduction and the development of new plants. More specifically, the development of a new and different type of broccoli (Brassica olerácea L. italic var.), Which has inflorescence with separate florets that are uniformly green, that is, they do not show yellowing or discoloration around the edges. The botanical family to which broccoli belongs is the Brassicaceae (or referred to as Cr? Ciferae), which is also known as the mustard family (or familiarly referred to as cruciferas, as each flower has four distinct sepals and petals in the shape of a cross). The Brassicaceae is a large family comprised of approximately 3,000 described species spread over 250 to 380 genera. The precise gender number will vary depending on the authority. The classification scheme for broccoli and however for all other brasicas is clear and direct until that reach the level of species. At such a point, the addition of numerous subspecies or cultivar groups results in a preferential complex and confusing arrangement of the taxa in question. For example, the scientific name for broccoli, Brassica olerácea (L.), is also carried by cabbage, Chinese cabbage, cauliflower, common cabbage, Brussels sprouts, common bean, kohlrabi, to name a few. Due to the fact that all the types mentioned above are sexually compatible, and are therefore referred to as B. oleracea, they are nevertheless separate entities. The Brassica genus includes a number of notable plant crops other than Brassica olerácea (2n = 18). The genus Brassica also includes vegetables or forage crops of many other genera. More important in this context are B. rapa (2n = 20) or turnip and B. napus (2n = 38) or rutabaga. The taxonomic names at the level of species used for broccoli are Brassica olerácea L. convar botrytis (L) Alef. var. cymosa Duch, Brassica olerácea L. convar botrytis (L) Alef. var. Italic Plenck and Brassica olerácea L. var italica Plenck. Taxonomic experts have different opinions for reasons mentioned above. The Germplasm Research Information Network (GRIN), of the United States Department of Agriculture, uses uses Brassica olerácea L. var italica Plenck in the GRIN Taxonomy for Plants, to apply to broccoli. The broccoli is here later referred to as Brassica olerácea L. var itálica. Broccoli is mainly consumed fresh. The part consumed is the head of flowering with fleshy stem. Retailers They sell the heads in their entirety. More recently, changes in fresh consumption have taken place in which, the heads of broccoli are separated into florets. The florets are packaged and sold as convenience foods, either only as florets of broccoli or as florets combined with other fresh vegetables. Many varieties of broccoli grow better in well-drained soils that retain water. In sandy soils, irrigation is important for the optimal growth of the plant and to maintain the appropriate principal florescence. The inflorescences develop in relation to ambient temperatures, and in the summer heat, the inflorescences of the broccoli ripen in July to produce flowers and seeds more quickly (four to six days) than those that mature in the cooler and autumn spring periods . To be considered of good quality, the inflorescences of broccoli must be closed, compacted, dark green and hermetic (without showing yellow petals). A uniform inflorescence color, deep green, is a desirable trait in broccoli. The "green" broccoli heads are in accordance with the amount of sun that reaches the crown of the inflorescences, the crown is the upper surface of the broccoli inflorescence covered by the florets. The current commercial varieties "broccoli paniculation" all have a tall leaf cup that shades at least portions of the inflorescence, particularly in the crown margin, resulting in yellowing around the outer extremities of the broccoli inflorescences harvested, sometimes even causing extensive yellowing of individual florets at the center of the crown. In a study reviewing harvest practices from 1995 to 1999 in California, broccoli production costs were cut by 29 percent for land preparation, planting and growing costs, 45 percent for harvested and post-harvest costs, 20 percent percent for general expenses in cash, 1 percent for interest in operating capital and 5 percent for general expenses not in cash. Therefore, the labor requirements for harvesting are also over 50% of the total labor costs for growing broccoli. Since the harvest is the single most costly cultural operation, it is imperative that these costs be kept to a minimum. One tendency is to harvest only the main terminal inflorescence, usually by the hand. Certain mechanical harvesting aids are used, but full mechanical harvesting has not been adopted. The use of more uniform, modern hybrids has allowed breeders to complete the harvest in two, or at the most, three manual cuts across the field. The conversion of manual harvest to broccoli processing must reduce these labor requirements by a good agreement. However, testing in different cultivars, transplant times, growing techniques and harvesting methods, a recent study determined that once on the mechanical harvest of inflorescence, or inflorescences of broccoli, compared with traditional manual harvesting (repeatedly chosen 6 to 8 times), results in a yield yield of Order of 49% up to 60%, depending on the variety. A combination of manual harvest for the primary inflorescences, followed by a mechanical selection of the secondary inflorescences, was proposed as a reduction of yield losses, although still in the order of approximately 23%. Another issue is the cost of broccoli processing after harvest. The inflorescences of broccoli are often also processed in individual florets, mainly by hand, for freezing or to satisfy the market demand for minimally processed fresh vegetable products. The amount of manual labor is too great to cut broccoli inflorescences into separate florets, that is, floret formation. Before the floret formation of the main inflorescence, it is often necessary to defoliate first. In addition to requiring a large manual labor agreement, individually separated florets of inflorescences are generally not very uniform in size and color, and often require additional cutting and additional processing before packing. In the UK, the cost of harvesting broccoli in the field is approximately $ 50 per ton. The cost of floret formation per ton is approximately $ 120 to $ 140 ex field. The cost for floret formation in greenhouses is approximately $ 90 per ton. The inflorescences of broccoli that form florets for use as minimally processed food in general, are made in the greenhouse away from the growth site for reasons of hygiene. For this segment of fresh market, the size of the floret is preferred in the range of 20 to 80 mm, and with a square cut at the end of the cut. Broccoli is also increasingly growing and forming florets (cut florets of the head) for frozen products. For the frozen product market, the size of the floret is preferred in the range of 20 to 40 mm to 40 to 65 mm, with 20 to 40 mm being more valuable. Freezers prefer florets that are uniform in size and green, as more attractive to the consumer. Green florets are preferred, although a yellow halo is inevitable, given the growth habits of current varieties. Approximately 10% of pale yellow to dark cream is tolerated in the florets. All varieties of commercial paniculation broccoli present, have inflorescences with florets tightly packed. This results in individual florets, once separated from the inflorescences, which have the appearance of being partially yellow in color around the edges. Additionally, all varieties of commercial broccoli present, have inflorescences that are placed deep inside the cup. As a result of shading and lack of uniform direct sunlight, the inflorescences, as well as the stems, are not uniformly green, but show yellow discoloration, especially around the perimeter of the inflorescence. Therefore, a need remains in the art for a type of broccoli plant adapted for easier processing producing a inflorescence with uniformly green physecles in color.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a seed of a broccoli plant capable of producing a plant comprising an inflorescence having fossils, wherein the fossils in the inflorescence have an average of less than 15% yellowing. The present invention further provides a seed of a broccoli plant capable of producing a plant comprising an inflorescence having separate fossils, wherein at least 50% of said fossils in the inflorescence do not touch another floret in said inflorescence. The present invention also provides a seed of a broccoli plant capable of producing a plant comprising an inflorescence having fossils, wherein the fossils in the inflorescence have an average length of at least about 10 centimeters. The present invention also provides a container of broccoli seeds, wherein the inflorescences grow from broccoli plants from more than 50% of the seeds having separate fiocles. Containers of floret seeds are also provided, where the inflorescences grow from more than 50% of the seeds that have separate fossils, where more than 50% of the fossils in the inflorescence, they do not touch another floret in the same inflorescence. The present invention further provides a container of broccoli inflorescences from a broccoli plant having an inflorescence comprising separate fossils, wherein the fossae have an average of less than 15% yellowing. The present invention also provides a broccoli plant having an inflorescence with separate fossils. The present invention also provides a seed of a broccoli plant, capable of producing a broccoli plant having an inflorescence with separate fiocles. Parts of a broccoli plant having an inflorescence with separate fossae are also provided, wherein the floret comprises at least 50% of separate fossils. The present invention also provides a method for producing a broccoli seed comprising crossing a first line of broccoli parent with a second line of broccoli, wherein said first line of broccoli parent comprises separate fiocles; and get the seed F- | . The present invention further provides a method for producing a broccoli plant having fossils that have an average yellowing of less than 15%, which comprises crossing a first line of broccoli parent with a second line of broccoli, wherein the first line of broccoli it comprises inflorescences that have fossils that have an average of less than 15% yellowing; and get the seed F ^ The present invention also provides a broccoli line seed 550478, a seed sample has been deposited under NCIMB Access No. 41416. The present invention also provides a broccoli line seed 550479, a sample of the seed has been deposited under NCIM Accession No. 41415. The present invention also provides a broccoli line seed 550385, a seed sample has been deposited under NCIM Accession No. 41417. The present invention also provides a line seed of broccoli 550198, a sample of the seed has been deposited under NCIMB Access No. 41418.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a diagram showing the development pedigree of the separate float lines 550478, 550479 and 550385. Figure 2 is a diagram showing the pedigree of the development of the separate float lines 550475 and 550198. Figure 3 is a diagram showing the pedigree of the development of the separate float line 560465. Figure 4 provides a photograph of slices cut from broccoli type RS1149. Figure 5 provides a photograph of a head of an embodiment of a broccoli line of the present invention. Figure 6 provides a photograph of slices cut from one embodiment of a broccoli line of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a broccoli plant having a growth type comprising a main inflorescence having elongate secondary peduncles that support the separated fossils. The present invention also provides a broccoli plant having an inflorescence comprising separate fossils that are uniformly green, and do not show substantial yellowing. In contrast, broccoli fossils of current commercial pan-broccoli cultivars are hermetically packaged in an inflorescence and produce fossils, especially inner fossils that are substantially yellow.

Definitions The scientific and technical terms used herein should have the ordinary meaning accepted by those of skill in the art, unless defined differently in this document. The descriptions of botanical terms can be found in numerous texts on the subject. See, for example, Hic ey, M., and King, C, (2001). Cambridge lllustrated Glossary of Botany! Terms, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

The term "broccoli plant" refers to broccoli plants of Brassica olerácea L. var itálica species that cover varieties of broccoli, production lines, parental lines, hybrids and the like. A "variety" or "cultivar" is used here in accordance with the convention of the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants ("UPOV"), and refers to a grouping of plants with a unique botanical taxon of the range known lowest, in which, the grouping can be defined by the expression of the characteristics resulting from a given genotype or combination of genotypes, can be distinguished from any other plant grouping by the expression of at least one of said characteristics and it is considered as a unit with respect to its suitability to be propagated without change (stable). The term "commercial broccoli cultivar", or "commercial broccoli broccoli", as used herein, refers to commercially available broccoli cultivars (or varieties), such as Marathon, Decathlon, Triathlon, Heritage, Legacy and Ironman. Such varieties are also referred to as "traditional" varieties. "Type of growth" or "type", refers to one or more morphological (phenotypic) characteristics of a plant, such as total plant height, presence / absence of leaf, leaf size and position, inflorescence height, structure of inflorescence, size / weight of inflorescence, branch length, etc. "Secondary stem", as such term is used here, means a peduncle that branches from the main stem of the broccoli plant above the point of tearing of the harvested head and that supports and forms part of the individual fossae. As used herein, a "fioculum" refers to the grouping of flower buds that includes that part of the secondary stem that supports the grouping of flower buds, which collectively makes the inflorescence. The secondary stem branches off from the main stem, and further divides into tertiary, quaternary stems, etc., until at the end a single filament supports an individual flower bud. The fioculum provides a dense clustering of unopened broccoli flower buds, with the fioscle having a diameter of 40 to 80 mm, preferably having a diameter of 40 to 60 mm. These buds of unopened flowers are also referred to herein as "capsules". The term "inflorescence" as used herein, refers to a collection of fossils in a unique floral structure. These fossils traditionally form a solid inflorescence. The term "main inflorescence" refers to the inflorescence that forms at the end of the main stem and excludes secondary inflorescences of lateral buds, which originate from the axillary buds of the leaves. The term "head" is also used to refer to this floral structure. The term "semi-separate fossil" refers to traditional broccoli plants that show some intermediate protuberance of the inflorescence. For broccoli that have semi-separated fossils, the individual fossae are not supported alone, but remain closed and they touch each other Some exogenous broccoli heads have the feature of semi-detached fossils, for example, SVR 5 is an example of a semi-detached type of muscle. For such lines, the secondary stem is shorter than is the case for broccoli with separate fossils. The SVR 5 is produced by crossing PLH2546 / PLH33 with BRM53-3921SC, a proprietary line of Seminis. Line PLH2546 / PLH33, was also used in the development of the lines of the present application. The term "separate fossils" refers to a type of plant growth with an inflorescence in which the secondary stems or stems are longer than the secondary stems of commercial broccoli cultivars, in the order of a minimum of 5. centimeter in total length, measured from the branching point of the main peduncle to the tip of the fiocle. Separated fossils also grow in such a way as to allow a 5-6 cm (diameter) fossil to remain alone in the inflorescence and be separated from nearby fossils (without touching or almost touching at least a few radians from the circumference) of the fiósculo). In one aspect, the separated fossae have less than 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, buds of flowers in contact with a flower bud of another fossil. In a preferred aspect, a separate fossil does not have flower buds in contact with a flower bud in another fossil. The fossae have a length of 5 to 8 cm. In another aspect, the fossae have a length of at least 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 , 27, 28, 29, 30 cm. The separate fossils grow together from a primary peduncle, forming a more open inflorescence than the traditional broccoli, which allows to process more easily the fioculos to the harvest for the fresh market or freezing, either by manual or mechanized means. In one aspect, at least 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% of the fossils in one inflorescence do not contact another fossil in the same inflorescence . "Yellowing" or "discoloration" refers to the presence of buds of yellow flowers on the fossae (for example, generally on the margins) as a result of shading. A fysocle that has "substantially no yellowing" refers to a fioscium that has less than 15% yellowing as measured by the coverage percentage through the fioscle that has a yellow appearance. A fioscicle that has an "absence of yellowing" refers to a fioscium that has less than about 5% yellowing, as measured by the percentage of coverage through the fioscle that has a more yellow than green appearance. In another aspect, the fossils in an inflorescence have an average of less than 15%, 14%, 13%, 12%, 11%, 10%, 7. 5%, 5% yellowing, measured by the percentage of coverage to through the fossil that has a more yellow than green appearance. Yellowing can be measured at any time during the development of the fossils, at harvest, or post-harvest after a period of storage. In a preferred aspect, yellowing is measured at the maturity of the crop at harvest, as measured by the percentage of coverage through the fioscle that has an appearance more yellow than green. In a preferred aspect, yellowing is measured as an average yellowing of a population of inflorescence fossils. In a preferred aspect, a broccoli plant of the present invention comprises an inflorescence having an average yellowing of less than about 15%, 14%, 13%, 12%, 11%, 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, measured by the percentage of coverage through the fossae that have a more yellow than green appearance. The term "uniformly green" refers to an inflorescence or a fioscium that has substantially no yellowing. A uniform green muscle is substantially green. The color attribute extends to the total treasure, which includes the part of the secondary stem that supports the grouping of the flower bud. The color classifications used to describe the fossils are based on the color chart of the Royal Horticultural Society (RHS Color Chart), which is the standard reference for flower colors and is used by specialist organizations such as the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV). The fossils of the plants of the invention are classified in the "green group" and are uniform for color (for example, 137 A / B, 138 A / B). The traditional cultures of broccoli varieties have substantial portions, an average of at least 15% of individual fossils in an inflorescence, which are classified in the "yellow-green" group (eg, 144B / C, 149D-150D and 154 / B / C / B). The individual fiosicles in traditional broccoli varieties have a yellowness as low as 10%. This difference in color is based on the color of the fossae (which include stems), when observed from the side after the separation of the inflorescence. The stems of traditional broccoli varieties are also classified in the "yellow-green" group (144 B / C and 145 B / C / D), while the stems of the fossils of the present invention are classified in the "yellow-green" group. "green" group (137A / B, 138 A / B / C, and 139D). This description is in accordance with the terminology of UPOV and the color terminology here is in accordance with the Color Chart of the Royal Horticultural Society (RHSCC) and the color descriptions refer to plate numbers on the color chart mentioned above. Color designations, color descriptions and other phenotypic descriptions may deviate from the declared values and standard descriptions, depending on the variation in environmental, seasonal, climatic and cultural conditions. When a reference to color is given, it refers to the Color Card of the RHS, The Royal Horticultural Society, London 2001 Edition. "Uniformity", refers to a field of plants being uniform in appearance and phenotypic development, especially with regard to the maturity of the plant, structure and height of the inflorescence, peduncle without leaves, absence of yellowing, etc. The harvested plants will therefore also be uniform in maturity, appearance, shelf life, firmness, etc. Obviously, uniformity does not exclude some degree of plant to plant variation, but the variation of a uniform crop is minimal. Depending on the trait measured, the average variation plant to plant a field is preferably less than 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, more preferably less than 1%. In addition, mechanical harvesting will allow a uniform peduncle length (predetermined) to be present in the harvested inflorescence. "Shelf life" refers to the period of time after harvest during which the plants (the inflorescences and / or peduncles) can be stored without loss of quality, such as discoloration and loss of firmness. The shelf life depends on the genetic preparation of the plant and storage conditions such as temperature, relative humidity, light, etc. In a preferred aspect at zero degrees Celsius, and 95-100% relative humidity, the shelf life is preferably at least, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 , 19, 20 days or more. A "harvested plant" or "harvested broccoli" or "harvested head" refers to the cut inflorescences, which comprise part or all of the primary or main peduncle. Preferably, the collector can set cut at a specific height (distance in cm), above the ground, so that the length of the leafless stem attached to the harvested head can be predetermined and is uniform from the crop harvested (the leafless stem present it can for example be 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 cm in length or more). The reference to an element by the indefinite article "a" or "an" does not exclude the possibility that more than one element is present, unless the context clearly requires that there be one and only one of the elements. The indefinite article "a" or "an", in this way substantially means "at least one". The term "comprising" is interpreted as specifying the presence of declared parts, steps or components, but does not exclude the presence of one or more additional parts, steps or components. A plant comprises a certain trait and can thus understand additional features. Whenever reference is made to the plants according to the invention, it is understood that also parts of the plant (cells, tissues, seeds, cut parts such as inflorescences and / or peduncles), are encompassed here. Plant progenies are also encompassed which retain the distinguishing characteristics of the parents (especially the uniform green muscle color and / or features of separate fossils), such as seeds obtained by self-fertilization or cross, for example, hybrid seed, obtained crossing two parental lines, hybrid plants and parts of plants derived from them, unless otherwise indicated.

Traits of Broccoli with Separated Fycles The current commercial broccoli paniculation has a thick main stem that branches off into sturdy secondary stems with an average length of 5 to 6 centimeters each supporting a fioculum. In one aspect, the present application provides broccoli plants having separate fossils. In one aspect, broccoli plants they have separate fossils, so that the sturdy, small, secondary stems, each bearing and being part of a fossil, are substantially longer, or extended, than the secondary commercial broccoli stems of current broccoli. In one aspect, the secondary stems are approximately 7, 8, 9 or 10 or more centimeters in length. In another aspect, an inflorescence has separate fossils that have an average secondary stem length of about 7, 8.9 10 or more centimeters. In another aspect, the broccoli plants of the present invention have inflorescences comprising at least six separate fossils, and more preferably, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 or more fossils. In one aspect, the secondary stems support separate fossils that form an inflorescence or main head. In another aspect, the present invention provides a broccoli plant having an inflorescence in which at least 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95 %, 98% or more of the fossae are not touching any other fossae in the inflorescence. In another aspect, a broccoli plant has an inflorescence having fossae which have approximately or at least about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more millimeters between the fossae. The present invention also provides broccoli plants having an inflorescence of a uniform green color, ranging from deep green to light green (color chart of the RHS "green group). appearance, the broccoli plants do not have substantially yellowish, preferably the broccoli plants have an inflorescence that has an absence of yellowing. While not intended to be limited by any particular theory, separate fossae develop a uniform green color as sunlight accesses and penetration is facilitated by the growth habit of separate fossae. In one aspect, substantially no yellowing is observed in the separated fossae because the fossae each remain separately from the next and are exposed to full sunlight through the surface of the fossae. The stems and parts of the fossils of the traditional broccoli varieties are yellow-green in accordance with the RHS Color Chart. In another aspect, the broccoli plants of this invention have an inflorescence with separate fossils having a secondary stem length of at least 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 , 18, 19, 20 cm. In one aspect, a broccoli plant has separate fossils that have a secondary stem length between about 7 cm and about 30 cm, between about 7 cm and about 27.5 cm, between about 8 cm and about 30 cm, and between about 9 cm and approximately 25 cm. In a preferred aspect, the length of the secondary stem is measured from the tip of the fioculum to the base of the secondary stem at the point of attachment to the primary stem. In another aspect, the broccoli plants of the present invention have separate fibrils having a diameter of about, or at least about 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 cm. In another aspect, the separate fossils of the broccoli plants of the present invention are between 4 and 10 cm, preferably between 4 and 9 cm, or 4 and 8 cm and more preferably between 4 and 6 centimeters in diameter. In one aspect, a narrower diameter range may be preferred among a population of fossils for uniformity in packaging. The diameter can be measured as a cross-sectional measurement taken together with the flower bud structure at the widest point. In an aspect of the present invention, separate fossils are more easily cut from the inflorescences than is the case for traditional inflorescences of the current commercial compact broccoli varieties. In another aspect, the separate fossils are also firm and compact, consisting of tightly packaged capsules or typical flower buds of broccoli paniculation. In a preferred aspect, the separate fibrils of the present invention do not have the type of loose capsule cluster growth typical of broccolini or broccoli raab. The firmness of broccoli fossils can be determined through visual inspection or by measuring the number of capsules per square centimeter of the surface of the muscle. The broccoli plants of the present invention have very firm fibroids. In one aspect, a firm, or hermetically packaged, muscle is approximately, or at least approximately 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, or 50 Flower buds per square centimeter. In one aspect, individual flower buds (capsule) vary in size between 1.50 and 2.25 cm. In one aspect, buds but not all in one plane or sphere, but at different heights and not uniform in size, with buds in half, younger fossils are smaller than external ones. In one aspect, the fossils at the apex of the inflorescence of the plant are more hermetically arranged, and some may lack completely separate character. In one aspect, the broccoli plants of the present invention have fossils that have a weight of about, or at least about 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 , 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 grams. The weight of the muscle can be measured using any available method. In a preferred aspect, the weight of the muscle is measured by weighing the cut of the muscle to the length equal to the diameter of the muscle (the "weight of the square muscle"). In one aspect, the fossils of a broccoli inflorescence have an average weight of approximately 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, or 25 grams . In a preferred aspect, at least 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% of the fossils in an inflorescence of broccoli do not contact another fossil in the same broccoli inflorescence. In a preferred aspect, none of the fossils in a broccoli inflorescence contact another fossil. In one aspect, the broccoli plants of the present invention have separate flowers which allow increased exposure to sunlight for each of the fossils in the inflorescence. In one aspect, the separated fossae receive 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% of the sunlight on the surface area of each fungus in the inflorescence of the broccoli. In one aspect, where the fossae are not in contact, uniform coloring results from sunlight. In another aspect of the present invention, the inflorescence of the broccoli plant of the invention is also exemplary above the leaf cup. In one aspect, the protuberance of the inflorescence contributes to an even greater exposure to sunlight to the separated fossils. As used herein, "raised head" or "exemplary head" refers to a type of plant growth, wherein the inflorescence develops above the crown of the plant leaf. In one aspect, the crown of the inflorescence is elevated by at least about 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 , 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 or more centimeters above the leaf cup. The "crown" refers to the uppermost part of the inflorescence, that is, the upper part of the inflorescence covered by the packaged inflorescences. "Below the head," refers to the area below the inflorescence, that is, below the junction of the substantial portion of the fossils to the stem and above the cut-off point of the head at harvest. Such broccoli plants are described in Patent Application No. 10 / 850,077, entitled "Broccoli Type Adapted For Ease of Harvest", Publication No. 20050262594, contents of which are incorporated in their entirety by reference. The exposed inflorescences are at least 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 centimeters higher than the upper part of the cup, and in preferred embodiments, at least 25 centimeters higher than the upper part of the cup. In addition, the types of exogenous broccoli plants may have a substantial absence of leaves and foliage along the peduncle immediately below the inflorescence. This also allows the harvest easier, as the inflorescences do not require defoliation after harvest. In one embodiment, within 25 centimeters below the crown of the inflorescence, the plant does not substantially produce leaves or petioles that have a surface area greater than about 30 square centimeters, preferably greater than about 20 square centimeters. In a particularly preferred embodiment, substantially no leaves or petioles are produced within 25 centimeters below the crown. The present invention also provides a seed of a broccoli plant capable of producing a broccoli plant in which the inflorescences obtained from the broccoli plants growing on the seed have separate fossils. In another aspect, the present invention also provides a plant growth of the seed of a broccoli plant in which, the inflorescences obtained from the broccoli plants growing by the seed, have a separate trait of muscle, as well as parts of plants and tissue cultures of such plants. The present invention also provides a container for broccoli seeds in which, the inflorescences obtained from broccoli plants that grow from more than 50% of the seeds have a separate fungus trait. In another aspect, the inflorescences obtained from broccoli plants that grow more than 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% of the broccoli seeds in the container , have a separate muscle feature. The broccoli seed container can contain any number, weight or volume of seeds. For example, a container may contain at least, or more than, about 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000 , 3500, 4000, 4500, 5000 or more seeds. Alternatively, the container may contain at least, or more than, about 1 ounce, 5 ounces, 10 ounces, 1 pound, 2 pounds, 3 pounds, 4 pounds, 5 pounds or more of seeds. The broccoli seed containers can be any container available in the art. By means of a non-limiting example, a container can be a box, a bag, a pack, a flask, a roll of tape, a bucket, a sheet or a tube. In another aspect, the seeds contained in the containers of the broccoli seeds, can be broccoli seeds treated or untreated. In one aspect, seeds can be treated to improve germination, for example, by priming the seeds, or by disinfection to protect against pathogens that originate in the seed. In another aspect, the seeds can be coated with any available coating to improve, for example, the planting, seed emergence and protection against pathogens originated in the seed. The seed coat may be any form of seed coat including, but not limited to, pellets, film coating and inlays. In another aspect, the present invention also provides a container of broccoli fossils in which more than 50% of the fibulas are obtained from a broccoli plant having separate fiocles. In another aspect, more than 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% of the fossils in the container are obtained from a broccoli plant that has fossils separated. In another aspect, the present invention provides a container of broccoli fossils in which more than 50% of the muscles have substantially no yellowing. In a preferred aspect, more than 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, or 95% of the muscles have substantially no yellowing. In another aspect, more than 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90% or 95% of the fossae in the container have an absence of yellowing. The container of fossae may contain a number, weight or volume of fossae. For example, a container may contain at least, or more than about 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, or 100 fibroids. Alternatively, the container can contain at least or more than about 1 free, 2 pounds, 3 pounds, 4 pounds, 5 pounds or more of fossae.

Tissue containers can be any container available in the art. By way of non-limiting example, a container can be a box, a plane, clam shell, bag, package or cluster. A kidney container of the present invention can be found in any location, including but not limited to a depot, a distributor, a wholesaler, or a retail market, such as a grocery store.

Reproduction and Development of Parental Line and Hybrids with the Type of Separate Fossil Growth Any broccoli plant that has a suitable type of muscle can be used in conjunction with the present invention. Broccoli plants with the right type of muscle can be used in the methods of the present invention. In a preferred aspect, the source of a separate type of muscle is a broccoli plant of parental line. In one aspect, suitable separate broccoli plants can be produced by reproducing with the following sources: DH MRE-7, DH MRD1-1, GM-1.6, B19, DH E-47, EC-2, DH GV- 37, SH-2, OSU-102, OSU-111, MRD-2, HC-1, BRM56-3905, BRM53-3921, DC3EC6, 1032-1104 and 2151xT &;TO. In one aspect, a broccoli plant from a separate source of fungi can be identified by determining the type of fungus of a broccoli plant source, for example, as a semi-detached type of fungus or an exerte head type. In another aspect, a broccoli plant with a separate source of muscle, It can be crossed with any line of elite or parental broccoli that has the desired properties. In one aspect, a type of separate fossil plant can be identified in the progeny of certain crosses after the microspore culture. The microspore culture can be used in the exploitation of recessive traits, and can also provide a method to produce genetically stable homozygous lines when they are fixed by chromosome folding. The microspore culture is a production tool that is well known in the art, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 6,200,808, the entirety which is incorporated by reference. In one aspect, the continuous selection of high-head broccoli plant types can be used to obtain types of broccoli plants with inflorescences of a variable structure. In one aspect, such methods produce tall, erect plant types, supporting a compact inflorescence with densely packed compact fossils. Such methods also produce shorter and less erect plant types, but with the secondary branches of the fossils that extend from the main stem under a larger (more horizontal) angle. However, due to the shortening of the secondary stems, the fossae touch each other. Such growth types can be classified as plants having a semi-separate inflorescence. In one aspect, the broccoli plants of the present invention can be produced using crosses between semi-detached broccoli plants and upright plants with an inflorescence exerta, in combination with a microspore culture. The broccoli plants of the present invention may be homozygous or heterozygous. Plants that have been self- or pollinated or related once or twice followed by self-pollination or breeding and selected by one type over many generations, may retain some genotypic heterozygous capacity, but become phenotypically uniform. A cross between two such heterozygous but homogeneous relatives produces a phenotypically uniform population of hybrid plants that are heterozygous for many gene loci. The development of such parent lines in general requires at least, approximately 5 to 7 generations of self-fertilization and / or related breeding. Two such parent lines can then be crossed to develop improved F1 hybrids. The hybrids can then be selected and evaluated in small-scale field trials. Typically, approximately 10 to 15 phenotypic traits, selected for their potential commercial value, can be measured. In another aspect, dihaploid plants are developed and these plants are genotypically uniform. Such plants can be crossed, or a conventionally produced precursor line described above, can be crossed with a dihaploid, producing FL hybrids that are evaluated as described above. The present invention also provides progeny of broccoli plants having separate fossils. As used here, the progeny it includes not only, without limitation, the products of any cross (either a posterior cross or otherwise), between two plants, but all the progeny whose pedigree traces back the parental cross. Specifically, without limitation, such progeny include plants that have 50%, 25%, 12.5% or less genetic material derived from one of the two originally crossed plants. As used here, a second plant is derived from a first plant if the pedigree of the second plant includes the first plant. Broccoli plants generated using a method of the present invention can be part of or generated from a breeding program. The choice of reproduction method depends on the mode of plant reproduction, the inheritance of the trait being improved, and the type of cultivar used commercially (for example, cultivate hybrid F1, cultivate purelino, etc). Selected non-limiting procedures for reproducing the plants of the present invention are set forth below. A breeding program can be improved using any available method, such as marker assisted selection of the progeny of any crossbreed. It is further understood that any of the commercial and non-commercial cultivars may be used in a breeding program. Factors such as, for example, emergence vigor, vegetative vigor, stress tolerance, disease resistance, branching, flowering, seed establishment, seed density, inflorescence size, protuberance, etc., will generally detect the choice . The present invention provides processes for preparing new broccoli plants and produce broccoli plants through such processes. In accordance with one process, a first parental broccoli plant can be crossed with a second parental broccoli plant where at least one of the first and second broccoli plants is a parental line or dihaploid line or broccoli plant of separate fossils as is described in this document. One application of the process is in the production of FL hybrid plants. Another important aspect of this process is that the process can be used for the development of new parental, dihaploid or inbred lines. For example, a broccoli plant of separate fossils as described herein can be crossed to a second plant, and the resulting hybrid progeny are each self-fertilized and / or related by approximately 5 or 7 or more generations, thereby providing a wide number of parental lines, different. These parental lines can then be crossed with other lines and the resulting hybrid progeny analyzed for beneficial characteristics. In this way, new lines that confer desirable characteristics can be identified. The broccoli plants (Brassica eleracea L. var. Italica) can be crossed by any of the natural or mechanical techniques. Mechanical pollination can be done either by controlling the types of pollen that can be transferred in stigma or manual pollination. In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for producing a broccoli plant having separate fossils comprising: (a) crossing a first line of broccoli with a second line of broccoli to form a segregated population, where the first broccoli line has separate or semi-separated fossils; (b) classify the population for separate fossils; and (c) selecting one or more elements of the population that have separate fossils. In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for subjecting introgression a feature of separate kidney cultures in a broccoli plant comprising: (a) crossing at least one first line of broccoli having separate or semi-separated fossils with a second line of broccoli to form a segregated population; (b) classify the population for separate fossils; and (c) select at least one of the elements of the population that has separate fossils. The parent plants are typically planted in proximity to each other by pollinating, planting the parent plants in alternate rows, in blocks or in any other convenient planting pattern. When the parental plants differ at the time of sexual maturity, it may be desirable to first plant the plant that matures slowly, thereby ensuring the availability of pollen from the male parent plant during the time in which the stigmas in the female parent are receptive to pollen. The plants of both parental parents are grown and allowed to grow until the time of flowering. Advantageously, during this growth stage, the plants are generally treated with fertilizers and / or other agricultural chemicals as deemed appropriate by the grower. Alternatively, in another aspect of the invention, both the First, like the second parental broccoli plants, they can be a broccoli plant with separate fossils as described in this document. Thus, any broccoli plant produced using a broccoli plant of separate fiocles as described herein forms a part of the invention. As used herein, crossing may mean selfing, breeding, backcrossing, crossing with another or the same parental line, crossing with populations and the like. All broccoli plants grown using a separate broccoli plant as described herein as a parent are, therefore, within the scope of this invention. In another aspect, the present invention provides a hybrid broccoli plant having separate fossils. In another aspect, the present invention provides seeds of a hybrid broccoli plant having separate fossils. At any time, a broccoli plant with separate fossils as described in this document is crossed with another parental line of broccoli, different, producing a first generation of broccoli hybrid plant (F-?). As such, an F-i hybrid broccoli plant can be produced by crossing a separate broccoli plant, for example, as described herein with any of a second parental broccoli plant. Essentially any other broccoli plant can be used to produce a hybrid broccoli plant that has a separate broccoli plant as described herein as a parent. All that is required is that, at a minimum, a plant can be fertile female and the second floor be male fertile. A variety of single-cross hybrid broccoli is the crossing of two parental lines, each of which has a genotype which complements the genotype of the other. Typically, Fi hybrids are more vigorous than their parents. This hybrid vigor, or heterosis, manifests itself in many polygenic traits, which include improved yields, better roots, better uniformity and better resistance to insects and diseases. In the development of hybrids, only hybrid F1 plants are typically desired. A F1 single cross hybrid is produced when two parental plants cross. A double-cross hybrid is produced from four parental plants crossed in pairs (A x B and C X D) and then the two F1 hybrids cross again (A x B) x (C X D). A cross of three forms is produced from three crossed parental plants such as (A x B) x C. In one aspect, any of the broccoli varieties known to those skilled in the art can be crossed with a broccoli line of mushroom separated from the present invention to produce a hybrid plant. In a preferred aspect, such varieties of broccoli include, but are not limited to Marathon, Decathalon, Heritage, Legacy and Ironman. When a separate broccoli plant as described in this document is crossed with another parental plant to produce a hybrid, it can serve as either the maternal or paternal plant. For many crosses, the result is the same with respect to the assigned sex of the parent plants. Depending on the characteristics in production of Seed in relation to a second parent in a hybrid cross, one may wish to use one of the parental plants as the male or female parent. Therefore, a decision can be made to use a parent plant as a male or female based on any of the characteristics well known to those skilled in the art. The development of new varieties using one or more starting varieties is well known in the art. In accordance with the invention, new varieties can be created by crossing a separate broccoli plant as described herein followed by multiple generations of cultures in accordance with methods well known in the art. New varieties can be created by crossing a separate broccoli plant as described in this document with any of the second plant. Selecting such a second crossing plant for the purpose of developing new parent lines may be desirable for selecting plants, which either exhibit one or more desirable characteristics or which exhibit the desired characteristics in a hybrid combination. Examples of potentially desirable characteristics include higher yield, resistance to insecticides, herbicides, pests and diseases, tolerance to heat and drought, reduced time of maturity of the crop, better agronomic quality, greater nutritional value and uniformity in germination times, growth rate , maturity and root size. Once the crosses have been started, a line of broccoli of fiocle separated from the present invention, self-fertilization and / or breeding takes place to produce new parental lines. The development of parental lines requires manipulation of a human grower. A combination of self-pollination and related by pollination is essential to develop a new parental line that is genotypically stable and phenotypically uniform. The reasons for the grower to create parental lines is to develop homogeneous populations in cross-fertilization species that are phenotypically uniform and can be used to produce F-hybrids. The genealogy reproduction method involves crossing two genotypes. Each genotype may have one or more desirable characteristics lacking in the other; or, each genotype can complement the other. If two parental genotypes do not provide all the desired characteristics, other genotypes can be included in the reproduced population. The superior plants that are the products of these crosses are self-fertilized or related and are selected in successive generations. Each successive generation becomes more genetically homogeneous and phenotypically uniform as a result of self-pollination or relatedness or selection. Typically, this method of reproduction involves five or more generations of self-fertilization or relatedness and selection. After at least five generations, the resulting parental line has a stable allelic frequency at each locus and is phenotypically uniform.

Many traits have been identified that are not regularly selected for the development of a new variety but that can be improved by backcrossing techniques. A genetic locus that confers traits may or may not be transgenic. Examples of such features known to those skilled in the art include, but are not limited to, male sterility, herbicide resistance, resistance to bacterial, fungal or viral diseases, insect resistance, male fertility and improved nutritional quality. These genes are usually inherited through the nucleus, but they can be inherited through the cytoplasm. Some known exceptions to this are genes for male sterility, some of which are cytoplasmically inherited, but still act as a single locus trait. Direct selection can be applied where a genetic locus acts a dominant trait. An example of a dominant trait is the herbicide resistance trait. For this selection process, the progeny of the initial cross are sprayed with a herbicide before backcrossing. Spraying removes any plant which does not have the desired herbicide resistance characteristic, and only those plants which have the herbicide resistance gene are used in the subsequent backcross. This process is then repeated for all additional backcross generations. Many useful features are those which are introduced by genetic transformation techniques. Methods for genetic transformation of broccoli are known to those skilled in the art. For example, methods which have been described for genetic transformation of broccoli may include electroporation, electrotransformation, microprojectile bombardment, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, direct DNA recovery transformation of protoplasts and silicon carbide-mediated fiber-mediated transformation. See, for example, Khachatourians, G., et al., Eds., Transgenic Plants and Crops, Marcel Dekker, Inc. (2002) and Fruit and Vegetable Biotechnology (Victoriano Valpuesta ed Woodhead Publ., 2002). It will be understood by those skilled in the art that a transgene needs not to be directly transformed into a plant, such techniques for the production of stably transformed broccoli plants that pass the single locus to the progeny by Mendelian inheritance is well known in the art. Such a locus can therefore be passed from the parent plant to the descendant plants by standard plant breeding techniques that are well known in the art. Examples of traits that can be introduced into a broccoli plant in accordance with the invention include, for example, male sterility, herbicide resistance, disease resistance, insect resistance and improved nutritional quality. RCP and Southern hybridization are two examples of molecular techniques that can be used to confirm the presence of a provided locus and the locus conversion. The separate muscle feature can be any genotype, which includes but is not limited to a dominant, recessive or quantitative trait. In a preferred aspect, the inheritance of the recessive trait of separate broccoli. In one aspect, the type of separated broccoli is homozygous or heterozygous. In one aspect, the microspore culture can be used to develop a homozygous breeding line. There are also important consanguineous lines for the development of hybrid plants of separate fungus, where both parents need to have the separate muscle trait. Broccoli plants of the separate muscle growth type, deposited with the ATCC as described below, or derivatives thereof which maintain growth rates of these plants can be used as parenteral lines. The separate muscle trait can be transferred to other broccoli plants using conventional breeding techniques and selecting the progeny that retains the type of growth of the parents, that is to say, that has secondary stems that support separated fossils without substantial yellowing around their margins. A method is also provided for producing hybrid broccoli plants which have separate fossils. This method involves the crossing of two (preferably di-haploid) plants according to the invention and harvesting the hybrid seeds. The seeds obtained, when they grow, will show the type of new growth, in particular the stem of separated secondary and extended stem, the separate fossils, as defined. In one embodiment, the method comprises the steps of, planting in rows of male and female parents of consanguineous plants of according to the invention in a field, growing the plants until flowering and until seed formation occurs, and harvesting the hybrid seed from the row of female parents. The method preferably prevents any self-pollination of female parents from occurring to obtain 100% pure hybrid seeds (see below).

Seed Production For large-scale hybrid seed production, different cross-pollination systems can be used, based on self-incompatibility, or, alternatively, cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). These techniques are well known in the art. The large-scale increase of hybrid parents (consanguineous lines) is carried out by self-pollination, where it necessarily facilitates the increase of C02 concentration to overcome self-incompatibility, or pollination of the outbreak using manual labor. Such a large-scale increase in inbred lines is most commonly performed in a greenhouse or plastic house. This practice of producing parental line seed leads to good quality seed and disease control. Inbred broccoli plants according to the invention include for example broccoli plants of lines 550478, 550479, 550385, 550475, 550198, and 560465, and seeds or derivatives thereof. These lines can be increased by bud pollination or converted into a cmS cytoplasm. These methods are well known to a person skilled in the art.

The commercial hybrid seed is produced in the open field in inter-plantation rows of the parental seed (female) and the parental polynotator (male), where the self-incompatibility or cmS of the parental seed prevents self-pollination and ensures the Harvest of F1 hybrid seed, in methods well known in the art. The method for producing hybrid seed in accordance with the invention, therefore involves in a modality the growth in rows of male and female parents having the new type of growth and the harvest of the hybrid seeds from the rows of female parents. . For hybrid broccoli seed production, the modern system uses cmS that is introgressed in Brassica olerácea L. from radish. Studies on the new sterility in males in Japanese radish, with special reference to the use of this sterility towards the practical cultivation of hybrid seed. Therefore, also provided are broccoli plants according to the invention, which are sterile male and are suitable for use as a female parent in the production of hybrid seed. In one embodiment, inbred broccoli plants are male sterile due to male cytoplasmic sterility, eg, cmS Ogura. Such plants can be produced as is known in the art. In another embodiment, the plant according to the invention is genetically sterile male or sterile male due to one or more transgenes conferring male sterility being integrated into its genome, as for example described in EP 0 344 029; U.S. Patent No. 6,509,516; U.S. Patent No. 5,254,802; or in U.S. Patent No. 5,789,566, the contents of which are all incorporated by reference. Seeds of several lines of broccoli consanguineous with the type of growth of separate muscle have been deposited with ATCC, as described below. This invention encompasses plants and plant parts produced by growing the seeds, which include pollen and ovule from such plants.

EXAMPLES EXAMPLE 1 Development of the inflorescence plant having separate fossae Both owners and the public look for available lines that have an inflorescence or elevated head feature (RH). For example, the broccoli breeding program of the Oregon State University (OSU) has lines with an exemplary head and several accessions are obtained in the 1980s from the OSU breeding program. Some of these lines are designated as OSU-102 and OSU 111. These accessions produce bad head size, bad head quality, in general, and leaves of the stem just below the head, which presents such inadequate lines as parameters for commercially available hybrids. The selection for higher head features (referred to as "RH") and longer internudo lengths consistently leads to lower head weights. Eventually after multiple cycles of breeding and selection, the lines are developed with the RH trait, and compact headers of good quality. The accesses of the owner selected at the start of the reproduction project are designated DH MRE-7, DH MRD1-1, GM-1.6, B19, DH E-47, EC-2, DH GV-37, SH-2, OSU- 102, OSU-111, MRD-2, HC-1, BRM56-3905, BRM53-3921, DC3EC6, 1032-1104 and 2151xT &A. All these lines are selected parental lines developed in the reproduction program Seminis, which is used for the reproduction of commercial hybrids as much as in the 70s. These lines are selected at least partially to compensate for the defects observed in the horticultural characteristics of the lines OSU. More specifically, the owner's lines have very good overall combination ability, disease resistance, particularly resistance to mildew (Peronospora parasitica), reasonably good RH traits already shown, good head height and head-height uniformity, as well as resistance to Bacterial root rot (bacteria Erwinia and Pseudomonas). Genealogy is provided for line 550478, 550198, 550479 and 550385 in figure 1. The genealogy for line 550475 is provided in figure 2 and for line 560465 is given in figure 3.

The DH designation designates double haploid, and it indicates that these lines have been developed through microspore culture, followed by duplicated chromosome. All genetic materials or lines have been developed after many years of breeding and selection. The details of this breeding and selection program are described in Figures 1, 2 and 3. Progeny plants (F1) of each cross are selected for their phenotypic appearance for head bulging in combination with favorable horticultural characteristics for all other traits. horticultural and important head. The selection of the plants from the best families is again crossed with other plants selected from other families. Occasionally, between selected plants of two crossing cycles are self-fertilized by one or two generations (F2, F3) to obtain better uniformity of the lines. The best plants of these lines are crossed again.

This method of reproduction is known as the modified family selection, as described in standard plant reproduction textbooks, for example, Allard, R.W., Principles of Plant Breeding (1960) New York, NY, Wiley, pp 485; Simmonds, N.W., Principles of Crop Improvement (1979), London, UK, Longman, pp 408; Sneep, J. et al., (1979) Plant breeding perspectives, PUDOC Wageningen, The Netherlands; Mark J. Basset, (ed), Breeding of Vegetable Crops, (1986) AVI Publ. Comp. Westport, U.S.A.; Fehr, W.R. et al., Principies of Cultivar Development-Theory and Technique (1987) MacMillan, New York, NY. In the course of the selection program, several lines showing favorable characteristics are selected which are designated as PHL, and associated with a sequence number. The crossing of lines with inflorescences showing semi-separated fossils (BRM56-3905 / BRM53-5913) with lines that have completely separated fossae (PLH2546 / PLH33) leads to the development of lines 520166 (PLH2546 / PLH33 / BRM56-3905 / BRM53 -3913). The genealogy is provided in Figure 1. Figure 2 shows the genealogy for line 521163. The line 521163, is originated from a cross between the line PLH42 / 1032 / BRM56-3905 / BRM53-3913 (semi-separated) and PLH2546 / plh33 / brm56-3905.brm53-3913 with the head completely exerta). This leads to the selection of a designated line 521163, which similarly to line 520166, shows branched inflorescences with separate fossuli.

EXAMPLE 2 Microspore culture Lines 520166 and 521163 are used as starting material for the microspore culture. Anthers are used from the homozygous donor plants that were grown under a 16-hour photoperiod at 10-12 ° C as experimental material. Flower buds are harvested different sizes and are isolated, the anthers are crushed and stained with DAPI to determine the stage of meiotic development. Flower buds containing anthers with pollen in the late uni-nucleated stage up to the early bi-nucleated stage are selected and sterilized by 96% ethanol spray, followed by immersion in a 2.6% solution of sodium hypochlorite for 5 minutes. minutes and rinsing three times with distilled sterilized water. The sterilized shoots are prepared in liquid medium B5 and the shoots are crushed as described in Fan, Z., Armstrong, K.C. and Keller, W.A., Development of microspores in vivo and in vitro in Brassica napus L., Protoplasma 147, 191-199 (1988). The resulting crushed shoots are then filtered through two nylon filters (48 μm, 63 μm in diameter) and centrifuged (100 g, 8 ° C, 4 minutes), and the pellets are washed three times in 27 ml of medium B5 liquid. A small amount of mineral coal is added to the pellet suspended again in a liquid culture medium as described in Lichter, R.Z., Anther culture of Brassica napus in a liquid culture medium, Planzenphysiol. 103, 229-237 (1981) and in Lichter R.Z., Induction of haploid plants from isolated pollen of Brassica napus, Planzenphysiol. 105, 427-437 (1982) with a final density of 1 flower bud per ml of its medium. The microspore suspension cultures are incubated in the dark at 35 ° C for 24 hours and then grown in the dark at 25 ° C. After 3 to 6 weeks embryos appear and are transferred to a plant regeneration medium, as described by Keller, W.A. and Armstrong, K.C., Embryogenesis and plant regeneration in Brassica napus anther cultures, Can. J. Bot. 55, 1383-1388 (1977) incubated in continuous light, at 8 ° C for 1 week. Subsequently, the embryos are transferred to photoperiod conditions of 16 hours of indirect light at 25 ° C. After 4 weeks the plant-like structures with meristems are transferred to a rooting medium (4.44 g / l of MS basic salt that includes vitamins without myo-inositol (purchased from Dechefa as MS Royal Sluís), 100 mg / l of myo- inositol (purchased from BDH), 400 μg / l of Thiamine HCl (Duchefa), 200 μg / l of IBA (Duchefa), 30 g / l of sucrose (Duchefa), 10 g / l of plant agar (Duchefa), pH adjusted to 5.8) and grown under a photoperiod of 16 hours at 20 ° C. The regenerated plantlets are transferred in fresh rooting medium once every 4 weeks. This procedure is continued until the plants are released to the producer for further selection and reproduction. Plants of unknown ploidy level are provided to the producer. Producers select these plants that are phenotypically desirable, fertile and produce completely homozygous identical progeny. Inbred lines are tested and those that provide the best hybrid performance are identified and selected. The hybrid seed can be produced indefinitely, as long as the homogeneity and homozygosity of consanguineous parents is maintained. Heterozygous lines 520166 (PLH2546 / PLH33 / BRM56-3905 / BRM53-3913) and 521163 ((PLH42 / 1032 / BRM56-3905 / BRM53-3913 x PLH2546 / PLH33 / BRM56-3905 / BRM53-3913) as starting material for the microspore experiment. Broccoli lines 550478, 550479, 550198, and 550385 are obtained from the miscrospore culture of 520166. The broccoli line 550475 is obtained from the microspore culture 521163. These lines are selected in the bases of the separate and uniformly green folicules combined with desirable horticultural traits. Seed samples obtained from representative broccoli lines having separate fiocles are deposited under the NCIMB access numbers as follows: Seeds of broccoli lines 550479 are deposited under access NCIMB No. 41415; seeds of broccoli line 550478 are deposited under Access NCIMB No. 41416; and broccoli line seeds 550385 are deposited under NCIMB Access No. 41417. Broccoli line seeds 550198 are deposited under Access NCIMB No. 41418.

EXAMPLE 3 Additional Consanguineous Broccoli Lines Additional inbred broccoli lines are developed from crosses using broccoli line 520166, described above. The genealogy of broccoli line 560465 is given in Figure 3. Measurements are taken from the commercial crown broccoli hybrid (RS1149 or Tinman), a hybrid line of broccoli crown, 550118, and the two separate kidney lines, 560465 and 550475. Figure 4 provides a photograph of several external fishes of the commercial broccoli hybrid RS1149, and Figures 5 and 6 provide photographs of an intact head, and several separate fishes, respectively of broccoli line 550465. The following data is collected from the plants of broccoli and are provided in table 1 below. The minimum distance of each fossil to the near fiosus in the inflorescence (e millimeters); the broadest diameter of the muscle (in millimeters), the total length of the muscle from the crown to the union of the muscle to the main stem (in millimeters); the quality evaluation of each lósculo (on a scale of 1 to 5, 1 being very poor, 2 being poor, 3 being medium, 4 being good and 5 being very good), the color of the upper part of the muscle (using the color chart of the Royal Horticulture Society), the color of the edge of the muscle (also using the color chart of the RHS); the percentage of yellow of the muscle (percentage of the edge of the total muscle); the color of the stem of the muscle (based on the color chart of the RHS); and the weight of the square muscle (the length of the cut of the muscle to the same size as the diameter of the muscle).

COUNTRYSIDE # NMR PLANT # FLOSSING # MIN. DISTANCE TO THE NEARBY FLUSHCLE (mm) DIAMETER (mm) OR c > TOTAL LENGTH (mm) or n or 73 O QUALITY ASSESSMENT (1-5) COLOR OF THE TOP OF THE FLOSSET COLOR OF EDGE OF FLOSSCULE% EDGE / TOTAL COLOR OF THE FLOSSET STEM WEIGHT OF THE SQUARE HOLE (90 I heard cn P Although the foregoing invention has been described in some details by way of illustration and examples for purposes of clarity and understanding, it will be obvious that certain changes and modifications may be practiced within the scope of the invention, limited only by the scope of the claims. Attached

Claims

NOVELTY OF THE INVENTION CLAIMS

1. - A seed of a broccoli plant capable of producing a plant comprising an inflorescence having a fioculum, characterized in that said fossils in said inflorescence have an average of less than 15% yellowing.

2. The seed according to claim 1, further characterized in that said fossae have an average of less than 12% yellowing.

3. The seed according to claim 1, further characterized in that said fossae have an average of less than 10% yellowing.

4. The seed according to claim 1, further characterized in that said inflorescence comprises at least 8 fossils.

5. The seed according to claim 1, further characterized in that said inflorescence comprises at least 10 fossils.

6. The seed according to claim 1, further characterized in that said fossils have a color record in the green interval in the RHS color chart.

7. - The seed according to claim 6, further characterized in that said fossils have a color registration on the RHS color chart selected from the group consisting of 137A, 137B, 138A, and 138B.

8. The seed according to claim 1, further characterized in that said fossils comprise stems that have a color record in the green range in the RHS color chart.

9. The seed according to claim 8, further characterized in that said peduncles have a color registration in the RHS color chart selected from the group consisting of 137A, 137B, 138A, 138B, 138C, and 139D.

10. A seed of a broccoli plant capable of producing a plant comprising an inflorescence having separate fossils, characterized in that at least 50% of said fossils in said inflorescence do not touch another fungus in said inflorescence.

11. The seed according to claim 10, further characterized in that at least 60% of said fossae do not touch another fungus in said inflorescence.

12. The seed according to claim 11, further characterized in that at least 70% of said fossae do not touch another fungus in said inflorescence.

13. The seed according to claim 12, further characterized in that at least 80% of said fossae do not touch another Fiosculum in said inflorescence.

14. The seed according to claim 13, further characterized in that at least 90% of said fossae do not touch another fungus in said inflorescence.

15. The seed according to claim 10, further characterized in that said fossae do not have substantially yellowing.

16. The seed according to claim 15, further characterized in that said fossae have an absence of yellowing.

17. The seed according to claim 10, further characterized in that said inflorescence comprises at least six separate fossils.

18. The seed according to claim 17, further characterized in that said inflorescence comprises at least 10 separate fossils.

19. The seed according to claim 18, further characterized in that said inflorescence comprises at least 15 separate fossils.

20. A seed of a broccoli plant capable of producing a plant characterized in that it comprises an inflorescence having fossils, characterized in that the fossils in said inflorescence have an average length of at least about 8 centimeters.

21. - The seed according to claim 20, further characterized in that said fossae have an average length of at least 10 cm.

22. The seed according to claim 20, further characterized in that said fossae have an average length of at least 15 cm.

23. The seed according to claim 20, further characterized in that said fossae have an average length between about 8 cm and about 30 cm.

24. The seed according to claim 20, further characterized in that said inflorescence has at least 8 fossils.

25. The seed according to claim 20, further characterized in that said inflorescence has at least 10 fossils.

26. The seed according to claim 20, further characterized in that at least 50% of said fossils in said inflorescence do not touch another fungus in said inflorescence.

27. The seed according to claim 26, further characterized in that at least 60% of said fossae do not touch another fossil in said inflorescence.

28. The seed according to claim 27, further characterized in that at least 70% of said fossae do not touch another fungus in said inflorescence.

29. The seed in accordance with claim 28, further characterized because at least 80% of said fossae do not touch another fossil in said inflorescence.

30. The seed according to claim 29, further characterized in that at least 90% of said fossae do not touch another fungus in said inflorescence.

31.- The seed according to claim 20, further characterized in that said fossae have an average of less than 15% yellowing.

32.- A container of broccoli seeds characterized because the inflorescences grow from broccoli plants of more than 50% of said seeds that have separate fossils.

33. The container of broccoli seeds according to claim 32, further characterized in that said container comprises at least 25 seeds.

34.- The container of broccoli seeds according to claim 32, further characterized in that said container comprises at least 1, 000 seeds.

35.- The container of broccoli seeds according to claim 32, further characterized in that said container is selected from the group consisting of a bag, a sheet, a box, a pack, a flask, a can and a bucket.

36.- The container of broccoli seeds according to claim 32, further characterized in that the inflorescences grow from more than 75% of said seeds having separate fossae.

37.- The container of broccoli seeds according to claim 32, further characterized in that the inflorescences grow more than 85% of said seeds having separate fossils.

38.- The container of broccoli seeds according to claim 32, further characterized in that the inflorescences grow more than 95% of said seeds having separate fossils.

39.- The container of broccoli seeds according to claim 32, further characterized in that said fossae have substantially no yellowing.

40.- The container of broccoli seeds according to claim 32, further characterized in that said fossils have an absence of yellowing.

41. The container of broccoli seeds according to claim 32, further characterized in that said seeds are treated seeds.

42. The container of broccoli seeds according to claim 41, further characterized in that said treated seeds are baited, disinfected or baited and disinfected.

43. The container of broccoli seeds according to claim 32, further characterized in that said seeds are coated seeds.

44.- The container of broccoli seeds in accordance with the claim 43, further characterized in that said coated seeds are coated with a composition selected from the group consisting of a composition for improving the planting, improving seed emergence and protecting against pathogens originating from the seed.

45. The container of broccoli seeds according to claim 43, further characterized in that said coated seeds are selected from the group consisting of seeds in pellets, seeds coated with film, and embedded seeds.

46.- A container of broccoli seeds, characterized in that the inflorescences grow of more than 50% of said seeds that have separate fossils, where more than 50% of said fossils in said inflorescence do not touch another fossil in the same inflorescence.

47. The container of broccoli seeds according to claim 46, further characterized in that more than 70% of said fossils in said inflorescence do not touch another fungus in the same inflorescence.

48. The container of broccoli seeds according to claim 46, further characterized in that more than 80% of said fossils in said inflorescence do not touch another fungus in the same inflorescence.

49.- The container of broccoli seeds according to claim 46, further characterized in that more than 90% of said fossils in said inflorescence do not touch another fossil therein. inflorescence.

50.- The container of broccoli seeds according to claim 46, further characterized in that said inflorescence comprises at least six separate fossils.

51.- The container of broccoli seeds according to claim 46, further characterized in that said inflorescence comprises at least 10 separate fossils.

52. The container of broccoli seeds according to claim 46, further characterized in that said inflorescence comprises at least 15 separate fossils.

53. The container of broccoli seeds according to claim 46, further characterized in that said separate fossils do not have substantially yellow.

54.- The container of broccoli seeds according to claim 53, further characterized in that said separate fossils have an absence of yellowing.

55.- A container of broccoli rings of a broccoli plant having an inflorescence comprising separate fossae, characterized in that said fossae have an average of less than 15% yellowing.

56.- The container of broccoli fossils according to claim 55, further characterized in that said inflorescence comprises at least 6 separate fossils.

57. - The container of broccoli fossils according to claim 55, further characterized in that said inflorescence comprises at least 10 separate fossils.

58.- The container of broccoli fossils according to claim 55, further characterized in that said inflorescence comprises at least 15 separate fossils.

59. The container of broccoli fossils according to claim 55, further characterized in that said fossae have an absence of yellowing.

60.- The container of broccoli fossils according to claim 55, further characterized in that at least 75% of said fossils do not have substantially yellowing.

61.- The container of broccoli fossils according to claim 55, further characterized in that at least 85% of said fossae do not have substantially yellowing.

62.- The container of broccoli fossils according to claim 55, further characterized in that at least 95% of said fossae do not have substantially yellowing.

63.- The container of broccoli rings according to claim 55, further characterized in that said container is selected from the group consisting of a box, a plane, a clam shell, a bag or a package.

64.- The broccoli container of fishes in accordance with the claim 55, further characterized in that said container contains at least 10 fossae.

65.- The container of broccoli fossils according to claim 64, further characterized in that said container contains at least 25 fossils.

66.- The container of broccoli fossils according to claim 65, further characterized in that said container contains at least 50 fossils.

67.- The container of broccoli fiocles in accordance with claim 55, further characterized in that said container is in a store.

68.- The container of broccoli fiocles in accordance with claim 67, further characterized in that said store is a grocery store.

69.- A broccoli plant, characterized because it has an inflorescence with separate fossils.

70. The broccoli plant according to claim 69, further characterized in that said inflorescence comprises at least 6 separate fossils.

71. The broccoli plant according to claim 69, further characterized in that said inflorescence comprises at least 10 separate fossils.

72.- The broccoli plant in accordance with claim 69, further characterized in that said inflorescence comprises at least 15 separate fossae.

73.- The broccoli plant in accordance with claim 69, further characterized in that said inflorescence comprises at least about 50% separate fossae.

74.- The broccoli plant according to claim 71, further characterized in that said inflorescence comprises at least 60% separate fossils.

75.- The broccoli plant according to claim 74, further characterized in that said inflorescence comprises at least 70% separate fossils.

76. The broccoli plant according to claim 75, further characterized in that said inflorescence comprises at least 80% separate fossils.

77.- The broccoli plant according to claim 76, further characterized in that said inflorescence comprises at least 90% separate fossils.

78.- A seed of a broccoli plant, characterized because it is capable of producing a broccoli plant that has an inflorescence with separate fossils.

79. The seed according to claim 78, further characterized in that said inflorescence comprises at least 6 separate fossils.

80. - The seed according to claim 78, further characterized in that said inflorescence comprises at least 10 separate fossils.

81. The seed according to claim 78, further characterized in that said inflorescence comprises at least 15 separate fossils.

82. The seed according to claim 78, further characterized in that said inflorescence comprises at least 50% separate fossae.

83. The seed according to claim 82, further characterized in that said inflorescence comprises at least 60% separate fossae.

84. The seed according to claim 83, further characterized in that said inflorescence comprises at least 70% separate fossae.

85. The seed according to claim 84, further characterized in that said inflorescence comprises at least 80% separate fossae.

86. The seed according to claim 85, further characterized in that said inflorescence comprises at least 90% separate fossae.

87.- A part of a broccoli plant having an inflorescence with separate fossils, characterized in that said Inflorescence comprises at least 50% separate fossae.

88. The part of a broccoli plant according to claim 87, further characterized in that said part is selected from the group consisting of seed, endosperm, ovule and pollen.

89. A method for producing a broccoli seed, characterized in that it comprises crossing a first line of parental broccoli with a second line of broccoli, wherein said first line of parental broccoli comprises separate fiocles; and obtain seed F- |.

90. The method according to claim 89, further characterized in that said first parent comprises at least 6 separate fossae.

91. The method according to claim 89, further characterized in that said first line of parental broccoli comprises at least 10 separate fossils.

92. The method according to claim 89, further characterized in that said first broccoli parent line comprises at least 15 separate fossils.

93. The method according to claim 89, further characterized in that said first broccoli parent line comprises at least 50% separate fishes.

94. The method according to claim 89, further characterized in that said first broccoli parent line is selected from the group consisting of 550478, 550479, 550385, 560465, 550198, and 550475.

95.- A method for producing a broccoli plant that has fossils that have an average yellowing of less than 15%, characterized in that it comprises: crossing a first broccoli parent line with a second line of broccoli, where said first parent line of broccoli comprises inflorescences that have fossils that have an average of less than 15% yellowing; and obtain F-i seed.

96. The method according to claim 95, further characterized in that said inflorescence of said first parental line comprises at least 6 fossils.

97. The method according to claim 95, further characterized in that said inflorescence of said first parental line comprises at least 10 fossils.

98. The method according to claim 95, further characterized in that said fossae have an average of less than 10% yellowing.

99.- The method according to claim 95, further characterized in that said first broccoli parent line is selected from the group consisting of 550478, 550479, 550385, 560465, 550198, and 550475.

100.- A broccoli line seed 550478, characterized in that a sample of said seed has been deposited under NCIMB Access No. 41416.

101. - A plant, characterized in that it grows from the seed in accordance with claim 100.

102.- A plant part characterized in that it is from the plant in accordance with claim 100.

103.- The part of the plant in accordance with the claim 102, further characterized because it is further defined as pollen, a protoplast, an ovule, or a cell.

104.- A cell tissue culture, characterized in that it is obtained from the plant according to claim 100.

105.- A broccoli line seed 550479, characterized in that a sample of said seed has been deposited under the. NCIMB Access No. 41415.

106.- A plant, characterized in that it grows from the seed in accordance with claim 105.

107.- A plant part characterized in that it is from the plant in accordance with claim 105.

108. The part of the plant according to claim 107, further characterized in that a protoplast, an ovule, or a cell is also defined as pollen.

109. A tissue culture of cells, characterized in that it is obtained from the plant in accordance with claim 105.

110.- A broccoli line seed 550385, characterized in that a sample of said seed has been deposited under the NCIMB Access No. 41417.

111.- A plant, characterized in that it grows from the seed in accordance with claim 110.

112.- A plant part characterized in that it is from the plant in accordance with claim 110.

113.- The part of the plant according to claim 112, further characterized in that a protoplast, an ovule, or a cell is further defined as pollen.

114. A tissue culture of cells, characterized in that it is obtained from the plant according to claim 110. 115.- A broccoli line seed 550198, characterized in that a sample of said seed has been deposited under the NCIMB Access No 41418. 116.- A plant, characterized in that it grows from the seed in accordance with claim 115. 117.- A plant part characterized in that it is from the plant in accordance with claim 115. 118.- The part of the plant according to claim 117, further characterized in that a protoplast, an ovule, or a cell is further defined as pollen. 119.- A tissue culture of cells, characterized in that it is obtained from the plant according to claim 115.