MX2008005659A

MX2008005659A - Compositions comprising fluoroolefins and uses thereof

Info

Publication number: MX2008005659A
Application number: MXMX/A/2008/005659A
Authority: MX
Inventors: Nott Mallikarjuna Rao Velliyur; Joseph Nappa Mario; Capron Sievert Allen; Haviland Minor Barbara; J Leck Thomas; Perti Deepak; N Swearingen Ekaterina; Schmitz Corneille; Mouli Nandini
Original assignee: E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company; J Leck Thomas; Haviland Minor Barbara; Mouli Nandini; Joseph Nappa Mario; Perti Deepak; Nott Mallikarjuna Rao Velliyur; Schmitz Corneille; Capron Sievert Allen; N Swearingen Ekaterina
Priority date: 2005-11-01
Filing date: 2008-04-30
Publication date: 2008-10-03

Abstract

The present invention relates to fluoroolefin compositions. The fluoroolefin compositions of the present invention are useful as refrigerants or heat transfer fluids and in processes for producing cooling or heat. Additionally, the fluoroolefin compositions of the present invention may be used to replace currently used refrigerant or heat transfer fluid compositions that have higher global warming potential.

Description

COMPOSITIONS THAT INCLUDE FLUOROOLEPHINS AND USES THEREOF FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to compositions for use in refrigeration, air conditioning or heat pump systems wherein the composition comprises at least one fluoroolefin. The compositions of the present invention are useful in processes for producing refrigeration or heat, such as heat transfer fluids and many other uses.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The refrigeration industry has worked over the past decades to find replacement refrigerants for chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) that deplete ozone that are out of phase as a result of the Montreal Protocol. The solution for the majority of refrigerant producers has been the commercialization of hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants (HFCs). The new HFC refrigerants, HFC-134a is the most used at this time, has zero ozone removal potential and is thus not affected by the current regulatory phase as a result of the Montreal Protocol. Additional environmental regulations may eventually cause the gradual elimination of certain Ref .: 191925 HFC refrigerants. Currently, the automotive industry is facing regulations regarding potential global warming for refrigerants used in automotive air conditioning. Therefore, there is a great current need to identify new refrigerants with reduced global warming potential for the automotive air conditioning market. The regulations should be applied more widely in the future, so an even greater need will be felt for refrigerants that can be used in all areas of the refrigeration and air conditioning industry. Replacement refrigerants currently proposed for HFC-134a include HFC-152a, pure hydrocarbons such as butane or propane, or "natural" refrigerants such as C02. Many of these suggested replacements are toxic, flammable, and / or have low energy efficiency. Therefore, new alternative refrigerants are being sought. The object of the present invention is to provide novel heat transfer fluid compositions and refrigerant compositions that provide unique characteristics to meet the demands of low or zero ozone removal potential and lower global warming potential compared to current refrigerants.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: (i) fluoroolefins of the formula E or Z-R1CH = CHR2, in where R1 and R2 are independently perfluoroalkyls Ci. to C ^, and where the total number of carbons in the compound is at least 5; (ii) cyclic fluoroolefins of the formula cyclo- [CX = CY (CZW) n-], wherein X, Y, Z, and W, independently, are H or F, and n is an integer from 2 to 5; and (iii) fluoroolefins selected from the group consisting of: 2,3,3-trifluoro-l-propene (CHF2CF = CH2); 1, 1, 2-trifluoro-1-propene (CH3CF = CF2); 1, 2, 3-trifluoro-l-propene (CH2FCF = CF2); 1, 1, 3-trifluoro-l-propene (CH2FCH = CF2); 1,3,3-trifluoro-l-propene (CHF2CH = CHF); 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4-octafluoro-2-butene (CF3CF = CFCF3); 1,1,2,3,3,4,4,4-Octafluoro-l-butene (CF3CF2CF = CF2); 1, 1, 1, 2, 4, 4, 4-heptafluoro-2-butene (CF3CF = CHCF3); 1,2,3,3,4,4, 4-heptafluoro-l-butene (CHF = CFCF2CF3); 1,1,1,2,3,4,4-heptafluoro-2-butene (CHF2CF = CFCF3); 1,3,3, 3-tetrafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -1-propene ((CFs) 2C = CHF); 1, 1, 3, 3, 4, 4, -heptafluoro-l-butene (CF2 = CHCF2CF3); 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4-heptafluoro-l-butene (CF2 = CFCHFCF3); 1,1,2,3, 3, 4, 4-heptafluoro-l-butene (CF2 = CFCF2CHF2); 2,3,3,4,4,4-hexafluoro-l-butene (CF3CF2CF = CH2); 1, 3, 3, 4,, 4-hexafluoro-l-butene (CHF = CHCF2CF3); 1,2,3,4,4,4-hexafluoro-l-butene (CHF = CFCHFCF3); 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4-hexafluoro-1-butene (CHF = CFCF2CHF2); 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CHF2CF = CFCHF2); 1,1, 1, 2, 3, 4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CH2FCF = CFCF3); 1,1,1,2,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CHF2CH = CFCF3); 1, 1, 1, 3, 4, 4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CF3CH = CFCHF2); 1,1,2,3,3,4-hexafluoro-l-butene (CF2 = CFCF2CH2F); 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4-hexafluoro-1-butene (CF2 = CFCHFCHF2); 3, 3, 3-trifluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -1-propene (CH2 = C (CF3) 2); 1, 1, 1, 2, 4-pentafluoro-2-butene (CH2FCH = CFCF3); 1,1, 1, 3, 4-pentafluoro-2-butene (CF3CH = CFCH2F); 3, 3, 4, 4, 4-pentafluoro-l-butene (CF3CF2CH = CH2); 1,1,1,4,4-pentafluoro-2-butene (CHF2CH = CHCF3); 1, 1, 1, 2, 3-pentafluoro-2-butene (CH3CF = CFCF3); 2, 3, 3, 4, -pentafluoro-l-butene (CH2 = CFCF2CHF2); 1,1,2,4,4-pentafluoro-2-butene (CHF2CF = CHCHF2); 1,1,2,3,3-pentafluoro-l-butene (CH3CF2CF = CF2); 1, 1, 2, 3, 4-pentafluoro-2-butene (CH2FCF = CFCHF2); 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoro-2-methyl-1-propene (CF 2 = C (CF 3) (CH 3)); 2- (difluoromethyl) -3,3,3-trifluoro-l-propene (CH2 = C (CHF2) (CF3)); 2, 3, 4, 4, 4-pentafluoro-l-butene (CH2 = CFCHFCF3); 1,2,4,4,4-pentafluoro-l-butene (CHF = CFCH2CF3); 1, 3, 4, 4, 4-pentafluoro-l-butene (CHF = CHCHFCF3); 1, 3, 3, 4, 4-pentafluoro-l-butene (CHF = CHCF2CHF2); 1, 2, 3, 4, 4 -pentane fluoro-l-butene (CHF = CFCHFCHF2); 3, 3, 4, 4 -tetrafluoro-l-butene (CH2 = CHCF2CHF2); 1,1-difluoro-2- (difluoromethyl) -1-propene (CF2 = C (CHF2) (CH3)); 1, 3, 3, 3-tetrafluoro-2-methyl-1-propene (CHF = C (CF3) (CH3)); 3,3-difluoro-2- (difluoromethyl) -1-propene (CH2 = C (CHF2) 2); 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoro-2-butene (CF3CF = CHCH3); 1,1,1,1-tetrafluoro-2-butene (CH3CF = CHCF3); 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-decafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CF = CFCF2CF3); 1,1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-decafluoro-l-pentene (CF2 = CFCF2CF2CF3); 1,1,1,4,4,4-Hexafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene ((CF3) 2C = CHCF3); 1, 1, 1, 2, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CF = CHCF2CF3); 1,1,1,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CH = CFCF2CF3); 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-1-pentene (CHF = CFCF2CF2CF3); 1,1,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-l-pentene (CF2 = CHCF2CF2CF3); 1, 1,2,3,3,4,4,5, 5-nonafluoro-l-pentene (CF2 = CFCF2CF2CHF2); 1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CHF2CF = CFCF2CF3); 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CF = CFCF2CHF2); 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CF = CFCHFCF3); 1,2,3, 4, 4, 4-hexafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CHF = CFCF (CF3) 2); 1, 1, 2, 4, 4, 4-hexafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CF2 = CFCH (CF3) 2); 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene (CF3CH = C (CF3) 2); 1,1,3,4,4, 4-hexafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CF2 = CHCF (CF3) 2); 2, 3,3,4, 4, 5, 5, 5-octafluoro-l-pentene (CH2 = CFCF2CF2CF3); 1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoro-l-pentene (CHF = CFCF2CF2CHF2); 3,3,4,4, 4-pentafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CH2 = C (CF3) CF2CF3); 1, 1, 4, 4, 4-pentafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CF2 = CHCH (CF3) 2); 1,3,4,4,4- pentafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CHF = CHCF (CF3) 2); 1,1,4,4, 4-pentafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CF2 = C (CF3) CH2CF3); 3, 4, 4, 4-tetrafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene ((CF3) 2CFCH = CH2); 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-heptafluoro-l-pentene (CF3CF2CF2CH = CH2); 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5-heptafluoro-l-pentene (CH2 = CFCF2CF2CHF2); 1,1,3,3,5,5,5-heptafluoro-l-butene (CF2 = CHCF2CH2CF3); 1,1,1,2,4,4, 4-heptafluoro-3-methyl-2-butene (CF3CF = C (CF3) (CH3)); 2, 4, 4, 4 -tetrafluoro-3- (tri fluoromethyl) -1-butene (CH2 = CFCH (CF3) 2); 1, 4, 4, 4 -tetrafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CHF = CHCH (CF3) 2); 1,1,1,4-tetrafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene (CH2FCH = C (CF3) 2); 1,1,1,3-tetrafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene (CH 3 CF = C (CF 3) 2); 1,1, 1-trifluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene ((CF3) 2C = CHCH3); 3,4,4,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CF2CF = CHCH3); 1, 1, 1, 4, 4, 4-hexafluoro-2-methyl-2-butene (CF3C (CH3) = CHCF3); 3,3,4,5,5, 5-hexafluoro-l-pentene (CH2 = CHCF2CHFCF3); 4,4, 4-trifluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CH2 = C (CF3) CH2CF3); 1,1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-dodecafluoro-1-hexene (CF 3 (CF 2) 3 CF = CF 2); 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,6,6,6-dodecafluoro-3-hexene (CF3CF2CF = CFCF2CF3); 1, 1, 1, 4, 4, 4-hexafluoro-2, 3-bis (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene ((CF3) 2C = C (CF3) 2); 1,1,1,2,3,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene ((CF3) 2CFCF = CFCF3); 1,1,1,4,4,5,5,5-octafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene ((CF3) 2C = CHC2F5); 1,1,1,3,4,5,5,5-octafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene ((CF3) 2CFCF = CHCF3); 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-nonafluoro-l-hexene (CF3CF2CF2CF2CH = CH2); 4,4, 4-trifluoro-3, 3-bis (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CH2 = CHC (CF3) 3); 1,1,1,4,4, 4-hexafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -3-methyl-2-butene ((CF3) 2C = C (CH3) (CF3)); 2,3,3,5,5,5-hexafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -1-pentene (CH 2 = CFCF 2 CH (CF 3) 2); 1,1,1,2,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-3-methyl-2-pentene (CF3CF = C (CH3) CF2CF3); 1, 1, 1, 5, 5, 5-hexafluoro- - (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene (CF3CH = CHCH (CF3) 2); 3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-octafluoro-2-hexene (CF3CF2CF2CF = CHCH3); 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-octafluoro hexene (CH2 = CHCF2CF2CF2CHF2); 1,1,1,4,4-pentafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene ((CF3) 2C = CHCF2CH3); 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-pentafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -1-pentene (CH2 = C (CF3) CH2C2F5); 3,3,4,4,5,5,5,5-heptafluoro-2-methyl-l-pentene (CF3CF2CF2C (CH3) = CH2); 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6-heptafluoro-2-hexene (CF3CF2CF2CH = CHCH3); 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6-heptafluoro-l-hexene (CH2 = CHCH2CF2C2F5); 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, -heptafluoro-3-hexene (CF3CF2CF = CFC2H5); 4, 5, 5, 5-tetrafluoro-4 - (trifluoromethyl) -1-pentene (CH2 = CHCH2CF (CF3) 2); 1, 1, 1, 2, 5, 5, 5-heptafluoro-4-methyl-2-pentene (CF3CF = CHCH (CF3) (CH3)); 1,1,1,3-tetrafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene ((CF3) 2C = CFC2H5); 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tetradecafluoro-2-heptene (CF3CF = CFCF2CF2C2F5); 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tetradecafluoro-3-heptene (CF3CF2CF = CFCF2C2F5); 1,1,1,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoro-2-heptene (CF3CH = CFCF2CF2C2F5); 1,1,1,2,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoro- 2-heptene (CF3CF = CHCF2CF2C2F5); 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoro-3-heptene (CF3CF2CH = CFCF2C2F5); 1,1,1,2,2,3,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoro-3-heptene (CF3CF2CF = CHCF2C2F5); CF2 = CFOCF2CF3 (PEVE) and CF2 = CFOCF3 (P VE). The present invention further relates to a composition comprising: (i) at least one fluoroolefin compound; Y (ii) at least one flammable refrigerant; wherein the fluoroolefin is selected from the group consisting of: (a) fluoroolefins of the formula E or Z-R1CH = CHR2, wherein R1 and R2 are, independently, perfluoroalkyl groups Ci to C ^; (b) cyclic fluoroolefins of the formula cyclo- [CX = CY (CZ) n-], wherein X, Y, Z, and W, independently, are H or F, and n is an integer from 2 to 5; and (c) fluoroolefins selected from the group consisting of: 1, 2, 3, 3, 3-pentafluoro-l-propene (CF3CF = CHF); 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoro-l-propene (CF3CH = CF2); 1, 1, 2, 3, 3-pentafluoro-l-propene (CHF2CF = CF2); 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4-octafluoro-2-butene (CF3CF = CFCF3); 1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4 -octafluoro-l-butene (CF3CF2CF = CF2); 1,1,1,2,4,4,4-heptafluoro-2-butene (CF3CF = CHCF3); 1,2,3,3,4,4, 4-heptafluoro-l-butene (CHF = CFCF2CF3); 1, 1, 1, 2,3,4, 4-heptafluoro-2-butene (CHF2CF = CFCF3); 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -1-propene ((CF 3) 2 C = CHF); 1, 1, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4-heptafluoro-l-butene (CF2 = CHCF2CF3); 1,1,2,3,4,4, 4-heptafluoro-l-butene (CF2 = CFCHFCF3); 1,1,2,3,3,4,4-heptafluoro-l-butene (CF2 = CFCF2CHF2); 2,3,3,4,4, -hexafluoro-l-butene (CF3CF2CF = CH2); 1, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4-hexafluoro-l-butene (CHF = CHCF2CF3); 1,2,3,4,4,4-hexafluoro-l-butene (CHF = CFCHFCF3); 1, 2, 3, 3, 4-hexafluoro-l-butene (CHF = CFCF2CHF2); 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CHF2CF = CFCHF2); 1,1,1,2,3,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CH2FCF = CFCF3); 1, 1, 1, 2, 4, 4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CHF2CH = CFCF3); 1, 1, 1, 3, 4, 4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CF3CH = CFCHF2); 1,1,2,3,3,4-hexafluoro-l-butene (CF2 = CFCF2CH2F); 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4-hexafluoro-l-butene (CF2 = CFCHFCHF2); 3, 3, 3-trifluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -1-propene (CH2 = C (CF3) 2); 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-decafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CF = CFCF2CF3); 1,1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5,5-decafluoro-l-pentene (CF2 = CFCF2CF2CF3); 1, 1, 1, 4, 4, 4-hexafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene ((CF3) 2C = CHCF3); 1, 1, 1, 2, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CF = CHCF2CF3); 1,1,1,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CH = CFCF2CF3); 1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-l-pentene (CHF = CFCF2CF2CF3); 1,1,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-l-pentene (CF2 = CHCF2CF2CF3); 1,1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-nonafluoro-l-pentene (CF2 = CFCF2CF2CHF2); 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CHF2CF = CFCF2CF3); 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CF = CFCF2CHF2); 1,1,1,2,3,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CF = CFCHFCF3); 1,2,3,4,4, 4-hexafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CHF = CFCF (CF3) 2); 1, 1, 2, 4, 4, 4-hexafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CF2 = CFCH (CF3) 2); 1,1,1,4,4,4- hexafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene (CF3CH = C (CF3) 2); 1,1,3,4,4, 4-hexafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CF2 = CHCF (CF3) 2); 2,3,3,4,4,5,5, 5-octafluoro-l-pentene (CH2 = CFCF2CF2CF3); 1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoro-l-pentene (CHF = CFCF2CF2CHF2); 3, 3, 4, 4, 4-pentafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CH2 = C (CF3) CF2CF3); 1, 1, 4, 4, 4-pentafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CF2 = CHCH (CF3) 2); 1,3,4,4,4-pentafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CHF = CHCF (CF3) 2); 1,1,4,4, 4-pentafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CF2 = C (CF3) CH2CF3); 3,4,4, 4-tetrafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene ((CF3) 2CFCH = CH2); 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-heptafluoro-l-pentene (CF3CF2CF2CH = CH2); 2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-heptafluoro-l-pentene (CH2 = CFCF2CF2CHF2); 1,1,3,3,5,5,5,5-heptafluoro-1-butene (CF2 = CHCF2CH2CF3); 1,1,1,2,4,4, 4-heptafluoro-3-methyl-2-butene (CF3CF = C (CF3) (CH3)); 2,4,4,4-tetrafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CH2 = CFCH (CF3) 2) 1,4,4,4-tetrafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CHF = CHCH (CF3) 2); 1,1,1,4-tetrafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene (CH2FCH = C (CF3) 2); 1,1,1,3-tetrafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene (CH 3 CF = C (CF 3) 2); 1,1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-dodecafluoro-l-hexene (CF 3 (CF 2) 3 CF = CF 2); 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,6,6,6-dodecafluoro-3-hexene (CF3CF2CF = CFCF2CF3); 1, 1, 1, 4, 4, 4-hexafluoro-2, 3-bis (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene ((CF3) 2C = C (CF3) 2); 1,1,1,2,3,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene ((CF3) 2CFCF = CFCF3); 1, 1, 1, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-octafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene ((CF3) 2C = CHC2F5); 1,1,1,3,4,5,5,5-octafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene ((CF3) 2CFCF = CHCF3); 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6, ß-nonafluoro-l-hexene (CF3CF2CF2CF2CH = CH2); 4,4, 4-trifluoro-3, 3-bis (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CH2 = CHC (CF3) 3); 1, 1, 1,, 4, 4-hexafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -3-methyl-2-butene ((CF3) 2C = C (CH3) (CF3)); 2,3,3,5,5,5-hexafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -1-pentene (CH 2 = CFCF 2 CH (CF 3) 2); 1,1,1,2,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-3-methyl-2-pentene (CF3CF = C (CH3) CF2CF3); 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene (CF3CH = CHCH (CF3) 2); 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tetradecafluoro-2-heptene (CF3CF = CFCF2CF2C2F5); 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tetradecafluoro-3-heptene (CF3CF2CF = CFCF2C2F5); 1,1,1,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoro-2-heptene (CF3CH = CFCF2CF2C2F5); 1,1,1,2,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoro-heptene (CF3CF = CHCF2CF2C2F5); 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoro-3-heptene (CF3CF2CH = CFCF2C2F5); Y 1,1,1,2,2,3,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoro-3-heptene (CF3CF2CF = CHCF2C2F5). The present invention further relates to a method for using a refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition in refrigeration, air conditioning, or heat pump apparatus, the method comprising introducing the composition into the apparatus having (a) centrifugal compressor.; (b) multi-stage centrifugal compressor, or (c) exchanger single pass heat / single plate; wherein the refrigerant or heat transfer composition is employed in the apparatus to result in heating or cooling; and wherein the refrigerant or heat transfer composition comprises at least one fluoroolefin selected from the group consisting of: (i) fluoroolefins of the formula E or Z-R1CH = CHR2, wherein R1 and R2 are independently perfluoroalkyl Ci groups to C ^; (ii) cyclic fluoroolefins of the formula cyclo- [CX = CY (CZW) n-], wherein X, Y, Z, and W, independently, are H or F, and n is an integer from 2 to 5; or (iii) fluoroolefins selected from the group consisting of: 1, 2, 3, 3, 3-pentafluoro-l-propene (CF3CF = CHF); 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoro-l-propene (CF3CH = CF2); 1, 1, 2, 3, 3-pentafluoro-l-propene (CHF2CF = CF2); 1, 2, 3, 3-tetrafluoro-l-propene (CHF2CF = CHF); 2,3,3, 3-tetrafluoro-l-propene (CF3CF = CH2); 1,3,3, 3-tetrafluoro-l-propene (CF3CH = CHF); 1, 1, 2, 3-tetrafluoro-l-propene (CH2FCF = CF2); 1, 1, 3, 3-tetrafluoro-l-propene (CHF2CH = CF2); 2, 3, 3-trifluoro-1-propene (CHF2CF = CH2); 3, 3, 3-trifluoro-l-propene (CF3CH = CH2); 1, 1, 2-trifluoro-l-propene (CH3CF = CF2); 1,1,3-trifluoro-l-propene (CH2FCH = CF2); 1, 2, 3-trifluoro-l-propene (CH2FCF = CHF); 1,3,3-trifluoro-l-propene (CHF2CH = CHF); 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4-octafluoro-2-butene (CF3CF = CFCF3); 1,1,2,3,3,4,4, 4-octafluoro-l-butene (CF3CF2CF = CF2); 1, 1, 1, 2, 4, 4, 4-heptafluoro-2-butene (CF3CF = CHCF3); 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4-heptafluoro-l-butene (CHF = CFCF2CF3); 1,1, 1,2,3,4,4-heptafluoro-2-butene (CHF2CF = CFCF3); 1, 3, 3, 3-tetrafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -1-propene ((CF3) 2C = CHF); 1,1,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluoro-l-butene (CF2 = CHCF2CF3); 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4-heptafluoro-1-butene (CF2 = CFCHFCF3); 1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4-heptafluoro-l-butene (CF2 = CFCF2CHF2); 2,3, 3,, 4, 4-hexafluoro-l-butene (CF3CF2CF = CH2); 1,3, 3, 4, 4, 4-hexafluoro-l-butene (CHF = CHCF2CF3); 1,2,3,4,4,4-hexafluoro-l-butene (CHF = CFCHFCF3); 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4-hexafluoro-l-butene (CHF = CFCF2CHF2); 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CHF2CF = CFCHF2); 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CH2FCF = CFCF3); 1, 1, 1,2, 4, 4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CHF2CH = CFCF3); 1,1,1,3,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CF3CH = CFCHF2); 1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 4-hexafluoro-l-butene (CF2 = CFCF2CH2F); 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4-hexafluoro-l-butene (CF2 = CFCHFCHF2); 3, 3, 3-trifluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -1-propene (CH2 = C (CF3) 2); 1, 1, 1,2, 4-pentafluoro-2-butene (CH2FCH = CFCF3); 1, 1, 1, 3, 4-pentafluoro-2-butene (CF3CH = CFCH2F); 3,3,4,4,4-pentafluoro-l-butene (CF3CF2CH = CH2); 1, 1, 1, 4, 4-pentafluoro-2-butene (CHF2CH = CHCF3); 1, 1, 1, 2, 3-pentafluoro-2-butene (CH3CF = CFCF3); 2, 3, 3, 4, 4-pentafluoro-l-butene (CH2 = CFCF2CHF2); 1, 1, 2, 4, 4-pentafluoro-2-butene (CHF2CF = CHCHF2); 1,1,2,3,3-pentafluoro-l-butene (CH 3 CF 2 CF = CF 2); 1, 1, 2, 3, 4-pentafluoro-2-butene (CH2FCF = CFCHF2); 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoro-2-methyl-1-propene (CF 2 = C (CF 3) (CH 3)); 2- (difluoromethyl) -3,3,3-trifluoro-l-propene (CH2 = C (CHF2) (CF3)); 2, 3, 4, 4, 4-pentafluoro-l-butene (CH2 = CFCHFCF3); 1, 2,, 4, -pentafluoro-l-butene (CHF = CFCH2CF3); 1,3,4,4,4- pentafluoro-l-butene (CHF = CHCHFCF3); 1, 3, 3, 4, 4-pentafluoro-1-butene (CHF = CHCF2CHF2); 1, 2, 3, 4, 4-pentafluoro-l-butene (CHF = CFCHFCHF2); 3, 3,, 4-tetrafluoro-l-butene (CH2 = CHCF2CHF2); 1,1-difluoro-2- (difluoromethyl) -1-propene (CF2 = C (CHF2) (CH3)); 1, 3, 3, 3-tetrafluoro-2-methyl-1-propene (CHF = C (CF3) (CH3)); 2-difluoromethyl-3, 3-difluoro-l-propene (CH2 = C (CHF2) 2); 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoro-2-butene (CF3CF = CHCH3); 1,1,1, 3-tetrafluoro-2-butene (CH3CF = CHCF3); 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-decafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CF = CFCF2CF3); 1,1,2,3, 3,4,4,5,5, 5-decafluoro-l-pentene (CF2 = CFCF2CF2CF3); 1, 1, 1, 4, 4, 4-hexafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene ((CF3) 2C = CHCF3); 1, 1, 1, 2, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CF = CHCF2CF3); 1,1,1,3,4,4,5,5,5,5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CH = CFCF2CF3); 1,2,3, 3,4,4,5,5, 5-nonafluoro-l-pentene (CHF = CFCF2CF2CF3); 1, 1, 3, 3,, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-l-pentene (CF2 = CHCF2CF2CF3); 1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5-nonafluoro-l-pentene (CF2 = CFCF2CF2CHF2); 1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CHF2CF = CFCF2CF3); 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CF = CFCF2CHF2); 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CF = CFCHFCF3); 1,2, 3,,, 4-hexafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CHF = CFCF (CF3) 2); 1, 1, 2, 4, 4, 4-hexafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CF2 = CFCH (CF3) 2); 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene (CF3CH = C (CF3) 2); 1,1,3,4,4, 4-hexafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CF2 = CHCF (CF3) 2); 2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-octafluoro-l-pentene (CH2 = CFCF2CF2CF3); 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5-octafluoro-l-pentene (CHF = CFCF2CF2CHF2); 3, 3, 4, 4, 4-pentafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CH2 = C (CF3) CF2CF3); 1, 1, 4, 4, 4-pentafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CF2 = CHCH (CF3) 2); 1,3,4,4,4-pentafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CHF = CHCF (CF3) 2); 1,1,4,4, 4-pentafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CF2 = C (CF3) CH2CF3); 3,, 4, 4-tetrafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene ((CF3) 2CFCH = CH2); 3, 3,, 4, 5, 5, 5-heptafluoro-l-pentene (CF3CF2CF2CH = CH2); 2,3,3,4,4,5,5-heptafluoro-l-pentene (CH2 = CFCF2CF2CHF2); 1,1,3,3,5,5,5-heptafluoro-l-butene (CF2 = CHCF2CH2CF3); 1, 1, 1, 2, 4, 4, 4-heptafluoro-3-methyl-2-butene (CF3CF = C (CF3) (CH3)); 2, 4, 4, 4-tetrafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CH2 = CFCH (CF3) 2); 1,4,4, 4-tetrafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CHF = CHCH (CF3) 2); 1,1,1,4-tetrafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene (CH2FCH = C (CF3) 2); 1,1, 1, 3-tetrafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene (CH3CF = C (CF3) 2); 1, 1, 1-trifluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene ((CF3) 2C = CHCH3); 3,4,4,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CF2CF = CHCH3); 1, 1, 1,, 4, 4-hexafluoro-2-methyl-2-butene (CF3C (CH3) = CHCF3); 3, 3,, 5, 5, 5-hexafluoro-l-pentene (CH2 = CHCF2CHFCF3); 3- (trifluoromethyl) -4,4,4-trifluoro-1-butene (CH2 = C (CF3) CH2CF3); 1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 4,, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6-dodecafluoro-1-hexene (CF3 (CF2) 3CF = CF2); 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,6,6, ß-dodecafluoro-3-hexene (CF3CF2CF = CFCF2CF3); 1, 1, 1, 4, 4, 4-hexafluoro-2, 3-bis (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene ((CF3) 2C = C (CF3) 2); 1,1,1,2,3,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene ((CF3) 2CFCF = CFCF3); 1,1,1,4,4,5,5,6-octafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene ((CF3) 2C = CHC2F5); 1,1,1,3,4,5,5,5-octafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene ((CF3) 2CFCF = CHCF3); 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-nonafluoro-l-hexene (CF3CF2CF2CF2CH = CH2); 4,, 4-trifluoro-3, 3-bis (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CH2 = CHC (CF3) 3); 1, 1, 1, 4, 4, 4-hexafluoro-3-methyl-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene ((CF3) 2C = C (CH3) (CF3)); 2,3,3,5,5,5-hexafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -1-pentene (CH 2 = CFCF 2 CH (CF 3) 2); 1,1,1,2,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-3-methyl-2-pentene (CF3CF = C (CH3) CF2CF3); 1,1,1, 5, 5, 5-hexafluoro-4 - (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene (CF3CH = CHCH (CF3) 2); 3,4,4,6, 5, 6, 6, 6-octafluoro-2-hexene (CF3CF2CF2CF = CHCH3); 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6-octafluoro-l-hexene (CH2 = CHCF2CF2CF2CHF2); 1, 1, 1, 4, 4 -pentafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene ((CF3) 2C = CHCF2CH3); , 4, 5, 5, 5-pentafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -1-pentene (CH2 = C (CF3) CH2C2F5); 3,3,4,4,5,5,5-heptafluoro-2-methyl-l-pentene (CF3CF2CF2C (CH3) = CH2); 4, 4, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6-heptafluoro-2-hexene (CF3CF2CF2CH = CHCH3); 4,4,5,5,6,6,6-heptafluoro-l-hexene (CH2 = CHCH2CF2C2F5); 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4-heptafluoro-3-hexene (CF3C 2CF = CFC2H5); 4,5,5,5-tetrafluoro-4-trifluoromethyl-1-pentene (CH 2 = CHCH 2 CF (CF 3) 2); 1,1,1,2,5,5,5-heptafluoro-4-methyl-2-pentene (CF3CF = CHCH (CF3) (CH3)); 1,1,1,3-tetrafluoro-2-trifluoromethyl-2-pentene ((CF3) 2C = CFC2H5); 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tetradecafluoro-2-heptene (CF3CF = CFCF2CF2C2F5); 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tetradecafluoro-3-heptene (CF3CF2CF = CFCF2C2F6); 1,1,1, 3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoro-2-heptene (CF3CH = CFCF2CF2C2F5); 1,1,1,2,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7- tridecafluoro-2-heptene (CF3CF = CHCF2CF2C2F5); 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoro-3-heptene (CF3CF2CH = CFCF2C2F5); 1,1,1,2,2,3,5,6,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoro-3-heptene (CF3CF2CF = CHCF2C2F5); CF2 = CFOCF2CF3 (PEVE); CF2 = CFOCF3 (PMVE) and combinations thereof.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to compositions comprising at least one fiber or one and one. By f 1 uo r oo 1 e f i na is meant any compound containing carbon, fluorine and optionally, hydrogen or oxygen which also contains at least one double bond. These can be straight, branched or cyclic. These compositions have a variety of utilities in working fluids, including use as blowing agents, blowing agents, extenders, heat transfer media (such as heat transfer fluids and refrigerants for use in systems). refrigeration, refrigerators, air conditioning systems, heat pumps, chillers, and the like), to name a few. A heat transfer fluid (also referred to herein as a heat transfer composition or fluid composition of heat transfer) is a working fluid used to carry heat from a heat source to a heat sink. A refrigerant is a compound or mixture of compounds that functions as a heat transfer fluid in a cycle where the fluid undergoes a phase change from a liquid to a gas and vice versa. The present invention provides fluoroolefins having the formula E - or Z-R1CH = CHR2 (Formula I), wherein R1 and R2 are, independently, C1 to C6 perfluoroalkyl groups. Examples of groups R1 and R2 include, but are not limited to, CF3, C2F5, CF2CF2CF3, CF (CF3) 2, C F2 C F2 C F2C F3, CF (CF3) CF2CF3, CF2CF (CF3) 2, C (CF3) ) 3, C F2 C F2 C F2 C F2C F3, C F2C F2C F (C F3) 2, C (CF3) 2C2F5, CF2CF2CF2CF2CF2CF3, CF (CF3) CF2CF2C2F5, and C (C F3) 2C F2C2 F5. In one embodiment, the fluoroolefins of Formula I have at least about 3 carbon atoms in the molecule. In another embodiment, the fluoroolefins of Formula I have at least about 4 carbon atoms in the molecule. In yet another embodiment, the fluoroolefins of Formula I have at least about 5 carbon atoms in the molecule. Exemplary, the non-limiting compounds of Formula I are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1 The compounds of Formula I can be prepared by contacting a perfluoroalkyl iodide of formula R1! with a perfluoroalkyltrihydroolefin of the formula R2CH = CH2 to form a trihydroiodoperfluoroalkane of the formula R1CH2CHIR2. This trihydroiodoperfluoroalkane can then be dehydroiodine to form R1CH = CHR2. Alternatively, the olefin R1CH = CHR2 can be prepared by dehydroiodination of a trihydroiodoperfluoroalkane of the formula R1CHICH2R2 formed in turn by reacting a perfluoroalkyl iodide of the formula R2I with a perfluoroalkyltrihydroolefin of the formula R1CH = CH2. The contact of a perfluoroalkyl iodide with a perfluoroalkyltrihydroolefin can take place in batch mode by combining the reactants in a suitable reaction vessel capable of operating under the autogenous pressure of the reactants and products at reaction temperature.

Suitable reaction vessels include fabricated from stainless steels, in particular of the austenitic type, and well-known nickel alloys such as Nickel Onel® copper alloys, Hastelloy® nickel-based alloys and Inconel® nickel chromium alloys.

Alternatively, the reaction can be carried out in a semi-batch mode in which the perfluoroalkyltrihydroolefin reagent is added to the perfluoroalkyl iodide reagent by means of a suitable addition apparatus such as a pump at the reaction temperature. The ratio of perfluoroalkyl iodide to perfluoroalkyltrihydroolefin should be between about 1: 1 to about 4: 1, preferably from about 1.5: 1 to 2.5: 1. Relationships less than 1.5: 1 tend to result in large amounts of the 2: 1 adduct as reported by Jeanneaux, et. to the. in Journal of Fluorine Chemistry, Vol. 4, pages 261-270 (1974). Preferred temperatures for contacting perfluoroalkyl iodide with perfluoroalkyltrihydroolefin are preferably within the range of from about 150 ° C to 300 ° C, preferably from about 170 ° C to about 250 ° C, and more preferably from about 180 ° C to around 230 ° C. Appropriate contact times for the iodide reaction of perfluoroalkyl with the per-fluoroalkyltrihydroolefin are from about 0.5 hours to 18 hours, preferably from about 4 to about 12 hours. The hydrochloroperfluoroalkane prepared by the reaction of the perfluoroalkyl iodide with the perfluoroalkyltrihydroolefin can be used directly in the dehydrodynamination step or can preferably be recovered and purified by distillation before the dehydrodynamination step. The dehydroiodination step is carried out by contacting the trihydroiodoperf luoroalkane with a basic substance. Suitable basic substances include alkali metal hydroxides (eg, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide), alkali metal oxide (eg, sodium oxide), alkaline earth metal hydroxides (eg, calcium hydroxide), oxides of alkaline earth metal (eg, calcium oxide), alkali metal alkoxides (eg, sodium methoxide or sodium ethoxide), aqueous ammonia, sodium amide, or mixtures of basic substances such as caustic soda. The preferred basic substances are sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide. The contact of the trihydroiodoperf luoroalkane with a basic substance can take place in the liquid phase preferably in the presence of a solvent capable of dissolving at least a portion of both reagents. Suitable solvents for the dehydrodynamic step include one or more polar organic solvents such as alcohols (e.g., methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, and tertiary butanol), nitriles (e.g., acetonitrile, propionitrile, but ironit rile, benzonitrile, or adiponi t ri lo), dimethyl sulfoxide, N, N-dimet i 1 formamide,, N-dimet i lacetamide, or sulfolane. The choice of solvent may depend on the boiling point of the product and the ease of separation of solvent residues from the product during purification. Typically, ethanol or isopropanol are good solvents for the reaction. Typically, the dehydrodynamination reaction can be carried out by adding one of the reagents (either the basic substance or the trihydroiodoperfluoroalkane) to the other reagent in a suitable reaction vessel. The reaction can be made of glass, ceramic, or metal and is preferably stirred with a drive or stirring mechanism.

Suitable temperatures for the dehydrodynamic reaction are from about 10 ° C to about 100 ° C, preferably from about 20 ° C to about 70 ° C. The reaction of Dehydrodynamination can be carried out at ambient pressure or under reduced or elevated pressure. To note are the dehydrodynamic reactions in which the compound of Formula I is distilled from the reaction vessel as soon as it is formed. Alternatively, the dehydrodynamination reaction can be conducted by contacting an aqueous solution of the basic substance with a solution of the trihydroiodoperfluoroalkane in one or more organic solvents of lower polarity such as an alkane (eg, hexane, heptane, or octane), aromatic hydrocarbon (eg, toluene), halogenated hydrocarbon (eg, methylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, or perchloroethane), or ether (eg, diethyl ether, tert-butyl methyl ether, tet rahydrofuran) , 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dimethoxyethane, diglyme, or tetraglim) in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst. Suitable phase transfer catalysts include quaternary ammonium halides (e.g., tetrabutylammonium bromide, tetrabutylammonium hydrosulfate, triethylbenzylammonium chloride, dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride, and tricaprylmethylammonium chloride), quaternary phosphonium halides (e.g., triphenylmethylphosphonium bromide and chloride of tetraphenylphosphonium), or cyclic polyether compounds known in the art as crown ethers (eg, 18-crown-6 and 15-crown-5). Alternatively, the dehydrodynamination reaction can be conducted in the absence of solvent by adding the trihydroiodoperfluoroalkane to a solid or liquid basic substance. Suitable reaction times for the dehydrodynamic reactions are from about 15 minutes to about six hours or more depending on the solubility of the reagents. Typically the dehydrodynamic reaction is rapid and requires about 30 minutes to about three hours for completion. The compound of the formula I can be recovered from the dehydrodynamic reaction mixture by phase separation after the addition of water, by distillation, or by a combination thereof. In another embodiment of the present invention, the furoolefins comprise f cycloolefins (cyclo- [CX = CY (CZW) n-] (Formula II), wherein X, Y, Z, and W are independently selected from H and F, and n is an integer from 2 to 5). The representative cyclic f 1 uo r 1 or f i ns of Formula II are listed in Table 2.

TABLE 2 In another embodiment, the fiuoroolefins may comprise those compounds listed in Table 3.

TABLE 3 The compounds listed in Table 2 and Table 3 are commercially available or can be prepared by processes known in the art or as described herein. 1, 1, 1,, 4-pentafluoro-2-butene can be prepared from 1, 1, 1, 2, 4, 4-hexafluorobutane (CHF2CH2CHFCF3) by dehydrofluorination on solid KOH in the vapor phase at room temperature. The synthesis of 1,1,1,2,4,4-hexafluorobutane is described in US 6,066,768, incorporated herein by reference. 1, 1, 1, 4,, -Hexafluoro-2-butene can be prepared from 1, 1, 1, 4, 4-hexafluoro-2-iodobutane (CF3CHICH2CF3) by reaction with KOH using a phase transfer catalyst at around 60 ° C. The synthesis of 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-iodobutane can be carried out by reaction of perfluoromethyl iodide (CF3I) and 3,3,3-trifluoropropene (CF3CH = CH2) at about 200 ° C under autogenous pressure for about 8 hours. 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-Hexafluoro-2-pentene can be prepared by dehydrofluorinating 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3-heptafluoropentane (CF3CF2CF2CH2CH3) using solid KOH or on a carbon catalyst at 200-300 ° C. 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3-heptafluoropentane can be prepared by hydrogenation of 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-heptafluoro-1-pentene (CF3CF2CF2CH = CH2). 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4-Hexafluoro-2-butene can be prepared by dehydrofluorinating 1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 4-heptafluorobutane (CH2FCF2CHFCF3) using solid KOH. 1, 1, 1, 2, 4, 4 -Hexafluoro-2-butene can be prepared by dehydrofluorinating 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 4-heptafluorobutane (CHF2CH2CF2CF3) using solid KOH. 1, 1, 1, 3, 4, 4-Hexafluoro-2-butene can be prepared by dehydrofluorinating 1, 1, 1, 3, 4, 4, 4-heptafluorobutane (CF3CH2CF2CHF2) using solid KOH. 1, 1, 1, 2, 4-Pentafluoro-2-butene can be prepared by dehydrofluorinating 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3-hexafluorobutane (CH2FCH2CF2CF3) using solid KOH. 1, 1, 1, 3, 4-Pentafluoro-2-butene can be prepared by dehydrofluorination of 1, 1, 1, 3, 3-hexafluorobutane (C F3CH2C F2CH2 F) using solid KOH. 1,1,1,3-tetrafluoro-2-butene can be prepared by reacting 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane (CF3CH2CF2CH3) with aqueous KOH at 120 ° C. 1, 1, 1,, 4, 5, 5, 5-Octafluoro-2-pentene can be prepared from (C F3CH I CH2C F2C F3) by reaction with KOH using a phase transfer catalyst at about 60 ° C . The synthesis of 4-iodo-l, 1, 1, 2, 2, 5, 5, 5, 5-octafluoropentane can be carried out by reaction of perfluoroethyldiodide (CF3CF2I) and 3,3,3-trifluoropropene at about 200 ° C under autogenous pressure for about 8 hours. The 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6-Decafluoro-3-hexene can be prepared from 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6 decafluoro-3-iodohexane (CF3CF2CHICH2CF2CF3) by reaction with KOH using a phase transfer catalyst at about 60 ° C. The synthesis of 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6-decafluoro-3-iodohexane can be carried out by reaction of perfluoroethyloduro (CF3CF21) and 3, 3, 4, 4, 4-pentafluoro-l-butene (CF3CF2CH = CH2) at about 200 ° C under autogenous pressure for about 8 hours. 1,1,1,5,5,5,5-Heptafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene can be prepared by the dehydrofluorination of 1,1,1,2,5,5,5-heptafluoro-4 -Iodo-2- (trifluoromethyl) -pentane (CF3CHICH2CF (CF3) 2) with KOH in isopropanol. CF3CHICH2CF (CF3) 2 is made from the reaction of (CF3) 2CF1 with CF3CH = CH2 at a high temperature, such as around 200 ° C. 1, 1, 1, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6-decafluoro-2-hexene can be prepared by the reaction of 1, 1, 1, 4, 4, 4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CF3CH = CHCF3) with tetrafluoroethylene (CF2 = CF2) and antimony pentafluoride (SbFs). 2, 3, 3,, -pentafluoro-1-butene can be prepared by dehydrofluorinating 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3-hexafluorobutane on fluorinated alumina at elevated temperature. 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-ocatafluoro-l-pentene can be prepared by dehydrofluorinating 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoropentane onto solid KOH . 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5-octafluoro-l-pentene can be prepared by dehydrofluorinating 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoropentane on fluorinated alumina at high temperature. The compositions of the present invention may comprise a single compound of Formula I, Formula II, or Table 3 or may comprise a combination of the compounds. Additionally, many of the compounds of the Formula I, Formula II, and Table 3 may exist as different isomers or configurational stereoisomers. The present invention is intended to include all simple configurational isomers, simple stereoisomers or any combination thereof. For example, 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFC-1234ze) is a means for representing the E-isomer, Z-isomer, or any combination or mixture of both isomers in any ratio. Another example is F12E, whereby the E isomer, Z isomer, or any combination or mixture of both isomers in any ratio is represented.

The compositions of the present invention have zero or low ozone depletion potential and low global warming potential (GWP). The fluoroolefins of the present invention or mixtures of fluoroolefins of this invention with other refrigerants will have global warming potentials that are less than many hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants currently in use. One aspect of the present invention is to provide a refrigerant with a global warming potential of less than 1000, less than 500, less than 150, less than 100, or less than 50. Another aspect of the present invention is to reduce the pure GWP of refrigerant mixtures by adding fluoroolefins to the mixtures. The compositions of the present invention which are combinations or mixtures can be prepared by any convenient method to combine the desired amounts of the individual components. A preferred method is to weigh the desired component amounts and subsequently combine the components in an appropriate container. Stirring can be used, if desired. Alternative means for making compositions of the present invention comprise (i) recovering a volume of one or more components of a refrigerant composition from at least one refrigerant container, (ii) removing impurities sufficiently to allow the reuse of one or more of the recovered components , (iii) and optionally, combining all or part of the recovered volume of components with at least one additional refrigerant composition or component. A refrigerating container may be any container in which a refrigerant mixture composition that has been used in a refrigeration appliance, air conditioner or heat pump apparatus is stored. The cooling vessel may be the refrigeration apparatus, air conditioner or heat pump apparatus in which the refrigerant mixture was used. Additionally, the refrigerant container may be a storage container for collecting components of regenerated refrigerant mixture, including but not limited to pressurized gas cylinders. Residual refrigerant means any quantity of refrigerant mixture or refrigerant mixture component that can be transferred out of the refrigerant vessel by any known method for transferring refrigerant mixtures or refrigerant mixture components. The impurities can be any component that is in the refrigerant mixture or refrigerant mixture component due to its use in a refrigeration appliance, air conditioner or heat pump apparatus. Such impurities include but are not limited to refrigeration lubricants, those previously described herein, particles such as metal or elastomer that may have left the refrigeration apparatus, air conditioner or heat pump apparatus, and any other contaminants that can adversely affect the performance of the refrigerant mixture composition. Such impurities can be sufficiently removed to allow the reuse of the refrigerant mixture or refrigerant mixture component without adversely affecting the performance or equipment within which the refrigerant mixture or refrigerant mixture component will be used. It may be necessary to provide an additional refrigerant mixture or refrigerant mixture component for the residual refrigerant mixture or refrigerant mixture component in order to produce a composition that meets the specifications required by a given product. For example, if a refrigerant mixture has 3 components in a particular weight percentage range, it may be necessary to add one or more of the components in a certain amount in order to restore the composition within the limits of the specification. The compositions of the present invention which are useful as refrigerants or heat transfer fluids comprise at least one fluoroolefin selected from the group consisting of: (i) fluoroolefins of the formula E- or Z-R1CH = CHR2, wherein R1 and R2 are, independently, Ci perfluoroalkyl groups up to β, and wherein the total number of carbons in the compound is at least 5; (ii) cyclic fluoroolefins of the formula cyclo- [CX = CY (CZW) n-], wherein X, Y, Z, and, independently, are H or F, and n is an integer from 2 to 5; and (ii) fluoroolefins selected from the group consisting of: 1, 2, 3, 3, 3-pentafluoro-l-propene (CF3CF = CHF); 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoro-l-propene (CF3CH = CF2); 1, 1, 2, 3, 3-pentafluoro-l-propene (CHF2CF = CF2); 1, 2, 3, 3-tetrafluoro-l-propene (CHF2CF = CHF); 2, 3, 3, 3-tetrafluoro-l-propene (CF3CF = CH2); 1, 1,2, 3-tetrafluoro-l-propene (CH2FCF = CF2); 1,1,3,3-tetrafluoro-l-propene (CHF2CH = CF2); 2, 3, 3-trifluoro-l-propene (CHF2CF = CH2); 3, 3, 3-trifluoro-l-propene (CF3CH = CH2); 1,1,2-trifluoro-l-propene (CH3CF = CF2); 1, 2, 3-trifluoro-l-propene (CH2FCF = CF2); 1, 1, 3-trifluoro-l-propene (CH2FCH = CF2); 1,3,3-trifluoro-l-propene (CHF2CH = CHF); 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4 -octafluoro- 2-butene (CF3CF = CFCF3); 1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 4,, 4-octafluoro-l-butene (CF3CF2CF = CF2); 1,1, 1, 2, 4, 4, 4-heptafluoro-2-butene (CF3CF = CHCF3); 1,2,3, 3, 4, 4, 4-heptafluoro-l-butene (CHF = CFCF2CF3); 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4-heptafluoro-2-butene (CHF2CF = CFCF3); 1, 3, 3, 3-tetrafluoro-2 - (trifluoromethyl) -1-propene ((CF3) 2C = CHF); 1, 1, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4 -heptafluoro-l-butene (CF2 = CHCF2CF3); 1,1,2,3,4,4, 4-heptafluoro-l-butene (CF2 = CFCHFCF3); 1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4-heptafluoro-l-butene (CF2 = CFCF2CHF2); 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4-hexafluoro-l-butene (CF3CF2CF = CH2); 1, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4-hexafluoro-l-butene (CHF = CHCF2CF3); 1,2,3,4,4,4-hexafluoro-l-butene (CHF = CFCHFCF3); 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4-hexafluoro-l-butene (CHF = CFCF2CHF2); 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CHF2CF = CFCHF2); 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CH2FCF = CFCF3); 1,1,1,2,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CHF2CH = CFCF3); 1, 1, 1, 3, 4, 4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CF3CH = CFCHF2); 1,1,2,3,3,4-hexafluoro-l-butene (CF2 = CFCF2CH2F); 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4-hexafluoro-l-butene (CF2 = CFCHFCHF2); 3, 3, 3-trifluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -1-propene (CH2 = C (CF3) 2); 1, 1, 1, 2, 4-pentafluoro-2-butene (CH2FCH = CFCF3); 1, 1, 1, 3, 4 -pentafluoro-2-butene (CF3CH = CFCH2F); 3, 3, 4, 4, 4-pentafluoro-l-butene (CF3CF2CH = CH2); 1,1,1,4,4-pentafluoro-2-butene (CHF2CH = CHCF3); 1, 1, 1, 2, 3-pentafluoro-2-butene (CH3CF = CFCF3); 2, 3, 3, 4, 4-pentafluoro-l-butene (CH2 = CFCF2CHF2); 1, 1, 2, 4, 4-pentafluoro-2-butene (CHF2CF = CHCHF2); 1, 1, 2, 3, 3-pentafluoro-l-butene (CH3CF2CF = CF2); 1, 1, 2, 3, 4-pentafluoro-2-butene (CH2FCF = CFCHF2); 1,1,3,3,3- pentafluoro-2-methyl-1-propene (CF2 = C (CF3) (CH3)); 2- (difluoromethyl) -3,3,3-trifluoro-l-propene (CH2 = C (CHF2) (CF3)); 2, 3, 4, 4, 4-pentafluoro-l-butene (CH2 = CFCHFCF3); 1,2,4,4,4-pentafluoro-l-butene (CHF = CFCH2CF3); 1, 3, 4, 4, -pentafluoro-1-butene (CHF = CHCHFCF3); 1, 3, 3,, -pentafluoro-l-butene (CHF = CHCF2CHF2); 1,2,3,4, 4-pentafluoro-l-butene (CHF = CFCHFCHF2); 3,3,4,4-tetrafluoro-1-butene (CH 2 = CHCF 2 CHF 2); 1,1-difluoro-2- (difluoromethyl) -1-propene (CF2 = C (CHF2) (CH3)); 1, 3, 3, 3-tetrafluoro-2-methyl-1-propene (CHF = C (CF3) (CH3)); 3,3-difluoro-2- (difluoromethyl) -1-propene (CH2 = C (CHF2) 2); 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoro-2-butene (CF3CF = CHCH3); 1,1,1,1-tetrafluoro-2-butene (CH3CF = CHCF3); 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-decafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CF = CFCF2CF3); 1,1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-decafluoro-l-pentene (CF2 = CFCF2CF2CF3); 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene ((CF3) 2C = CHCF3); 1, 1, 1, 2, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CF = CHCF2CF3); 1,1,1,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CH = CFCF2CF3); 1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-l-pentene (CHF = CFCF2CF2CF3); 1,1,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-l-pentene (CF2 = CHCF2CF2CF3); 1,1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-nonafluoro-l-pentene (CF2 = CFCF2CF2CHF2); 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CHF2CF = CFCF2CF3); 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CF = CFCF2CHF2); 1, 1, 1,2, 3,4,5,5, 5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CF = CFCHFCF3); 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4-hexafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CHF = CFCF (CF3) 2); 1, 1, 2, 4, 4, 4-hexafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CF2 = CFCH (CF3) 2); 1,1,1,4,4,4- hexafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene (CF3CH = C (CF3) 2); 1,1,3,4,4, -hexafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CF2 = CHCF (CF3) 2); 2,3,3,4,4,5,5, 5-octafluoro-l-pentene (CH2 = CFCF2CF2CF3); 1,2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5-octafluoro-l-pentene (CHF = CFCF2CF2CHF2); 3, 3, 4, 4, 4-pentafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CH2 = C (CF3) CF2CF3); 1, 1, 4, 4, 4-pentafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CF2 = CHCH (CF3) 2); 1,3,4,4,4-pentafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CHF = CHCF (CF3) 2); 1,1,4,4, 4-pentafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CF2 = C (CF3) CH2CF3); 3,4,4,4-tetrafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene ((CF3) 2CFCH = CH2); 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-heptafluoro-l-pentene (CF3CF2CF2CH = CH2); 2,3,3,4,4,5,5-heptafluoro-l-pentene (CH2 = CFCF2CF2CHF2); 1,1,3,3,5,5,5,5-heptafluoro-l-butene (CF2 = CHCF2CH2CF3); 1,1, 1, 2, 4, 4, 4-heptafluoro-3-methyl-2-butene (CF3CF = C (CF3) (CH3)); 2, 4, 4, 4 -tetrafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CH2 = CFCH (CF3) 2); 1, 4, 4, 4 -tetrafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CHF = CHCH (CF3) 2); 1,1,1,4-tetrafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene (CH2FCH = C (CF3) 2); 1,1,1,3-tetrafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene (CH 3 CF = C (CF 3) 2); 1,1, 1-trifluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene ((CF3) 2C = CHCH3); 3,4,4,5,5, 5-hexafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CF2CF = CHCH3); 1, 1, 1, 4, 4, 4-hexafluoro-2-methyl-2-butene (CF3C (CH3) = CHCF3); 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5-hexafluoro-l-pentene (CH2 = CHCF2CHFCF3); 4, 4, 4 -trifluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CH2 = C (CF3) CH2CF3); 1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6-dodecafluoro-1- hexene (CF3 (CF2) 3CF = CF2); 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,6,6,6-dodecafluoro-3-hexene (CF3CF2CF = CFCF2CF3); 1, 1, 1, 4, 4, 4-hexafluoro-2, 3-bis (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene ((CF3) 2C = C (CF3) 2); 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene ((CF3) 2CFCF = CFCF3); 1, 1, 1, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-octafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene ((CF3) 2C = CHC2F5); 1,1,1,3,4,5,5,5-octafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene ((CF3) 2CFCF = CHCF3); 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-nonafluoro-l-hexene (CF3CF2CF2CF2CH = CH2); 4, 4, -trifluoro-3, 3-bis (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CH2 = CHC (CF3) 3); 1,1,4,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -3-methyl-2-butene ((CF3) 2C = C (CH3) (CF3)); 2, 3, 3, 5, 5, 5-hexafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -1-pentene (CH2 = CFCF2CH (CF3) 2); 1,1,1,2,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-3-methy1-2-pentene (CF3CF = C (CH3) CF2CF3); 1,1, 1, 5, 5, 5-hexafluoro-4 - (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene (CF3CH = CHCH (CF3) 2); 3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-octafluoro-2-hexene (CF3CF2CF2CF = CHCH3); 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-octafluoro hexene (CH2 = CHCF2CF2CF2CHF2); 1,1,1,4,4-pentafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene ((CF3) 2C = CHCF2CH3); 4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -1-pentene (CH2 = C (CF3) CH2C2F5); 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-heptafluoro-2-methyl-l-pentene (CF3CF2CF2C (CH3) = CH2); , 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6-heptafluoro-2-hexene (CF3CF2CF2CH = CHCH3); 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6-heptafluoro-l-hexene (CH2 = CHCH2CF2C2F5); 1,1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4-heptafluoro-3-hexene (CF3CF2CF = CFC2H5); 4,5,5,5-tetrafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -1-pentene (CH 2 = CHCH 2 CF (CF 3) 2); 1, 1, 1, 2, 5, 5, 5-heptafluoro-4-methyl- 2-pentene (CF3CF = CHCH (CF3) (CH3)); 1,1,1,3-tetrafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene ((CF3) 2C = CFC2H5); 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7 -tetradecafluoro-2-heptene (CF3CF = CFCF2CF2C2F5); 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tetradecafluoro-3-heptene (CF3CF2CF = CFCF2C2F5); 1, 1, 1, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7, 7, 7-tridecafluoro-2-heptene (CF3CH = C FC F2C F2C2F5); 1,1,1,2,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoro-2-heptene (CF3CF = CHC F2C F2C2F5); 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoro-3-heptene (CF3CF2CH = CFCF2C2 F5); 1,1,1,2,2,3,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoro-3-heptene (CF3CF2CF = CHCF2C2F5); CF2 = CFOCF2CF3 (PEVE) and CF2 = CFOCF3 (PMVE). The present invention further relates to compositions comprising at least one fluoroolefin and at least one flammable refrigerant or heat transfer fluid, wherein the fluoroolefin is selected from the group consisting of: (i) fluoroolefins of the formula E- or Z -R1CH = CHR2, wherein R1 and R2 are, independently, C1 to C6 perfluoroalkyl groups, and wherein the total number of carbons in the compound is at least 5; (ii) cyclic fluoroolefins of the formula cyclo- [CX = CY (CZW) n-], wherein X, Y, Z, and W, independently, are H or F, and n is an integer from 2 to 5; and (iii) fluoroolefins selected from the group consisting of: 1, 2, 3, 3, 3-pentafluoro-l-propene (CF3CF = CHF); 1,1,3,3,3- pentafluoro-l-propene (CF3CH = CF2); 1, 1, 2, 3, 3-pentafluoro-1-propene (CHF2CF = CF2); 1, 2, 3, 3-tetrafluoro-l-propene (CHF2CF = CHF); 2, 3, 3, 3-tetrafluoro-l-propene (CF3CF = CH2); 1, 1, 2, 3-tetrafluoro-l-propene (CH2FCF = CF2); 1,1,3,3-tetrafluoro-l-propene (CHF2CH = CF2); 2, 3, 3-trifluoro-l-propene (CHF2CF = CH2); 3, 3, 3-trifluoro-l-propene (CF3CH = CH2); 1,1,2-trifluoro-l-propene (CH3CF = CF2); 1, 2, 3-trifluoro-l-propene (CH2FCF = CF2); 1, 1, 3-trifluoro-l-propene (CH2FCH = CF2); 1,3,3-trifluoro-l-propene (CHF2CH = CHF); 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4 -octafluoro-2-butene (CF3CF = CFCF3); 1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4., 4-octafluoro-l-butene (CF3CF2CF = CF2); 1,1,1,2,4,4,4-heptafluoro-2-butene (CF3CF = CHCF3); 1,2,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluoro-l-butene (CHF = CFCF2CF3); 1,1,1,2,3,4-heptafluoro-2-butene (CHF2CF = CFCF3); 1,3,3, 3-tetrafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -1-propene ((CF3) 2C = CHF); 1, 1, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4 -heptafluoro-l-butene (CF2 = CHCF2CF3); 1,1,2,3,4,4, 4-heptafluoro-l-butene (CF2 = CFCHFCF3); 1,1,2,3,3,4,4-heptafluoro-l-butene (CF2 = CFCF2CHF2); 2,3,4,4,4,4,4-hexafluoro-l-butene (CF3CF2CF = CH2); 1, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4-hexafluoro-l-butene (CHF = CHCF2CF3); 1,2,3,4,4,4-hexafluoro-l-butene (CHF = CFCHFCF3); 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4-hexafluoro-l-butene (CHF = CFCF2CHF2); 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CHF2CF = CFCHF2); 1,1,1,2,3,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CH2FCF = CFCF3); 1,1,1,2,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CHF2CH = CFCF3); 1, 1, 1, 3, 4, 4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CF3CH = CFCHF2); 1,1,2,3,3,4-hexafluoro-l-butene (CF2 = CFCF2CH2F); 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4-hexafluoro-1- butene (CF2 = CFCHFCHF2); 3, 3, 3-trifluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -1-propene (CH2 = C (CF3) 2); l, l, l, 2,4-pentafluoro-2-butene (CH2FCH = CFCF3); 1,1,1,3,4-pentafluoro-2-butene (CF3CH = CFCH2F); 3, 3,, 4, 4-pentafluoro-l-butene (CF3CF2CH = CH2); 1, 1, 1, 4, 4-pentafluoro-2-butene (CHF2CH = CHCF3); 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoro-2-butene (CH3CF = CFCF3); 2,3,3,4,4-pentafluoro-l-butene (CH 2 = CFCF 2 CHF 2); 1, 1, 2, 4, 4-pentafluoro-2-butene (CHF2CF = CHCHF2); 1. 1.2.3.3-pentafluoro-l-butene (CH3CF2CF = CF2); 1,1,2,3,4-pentafluoro-2-butene (CH2FCF = CFCHF2); 1, 1, 3, 3, 3-pentafluoro-2-methyl-1-propene (CF2 = C (CF3) (CH3)); 2- (difluoromethyl) -3,3,3-trifluoro-l-propene (CH2 = C (CHF2) (CF3)); 2, 3, 4, 4, 4-pentafluoro-l-butene (CH2 = CFCHFCF3); 1. 2.4.4.4-pentafluoro-l-butene (CHF = CFCH2CF3); 1, 3, 4, 4, 4-pentafluoro-l-butene (CHF = CHCHFCF3); 1, 3, 3, 4, 4-pentafluoro-l-butene (CHF = CHCF2CHF2); 1, 2, 3, 4, 4-pentafluoro-l-butene (CHF = CFCHFCHF2); 3, 3, 4, 4-tetrafluoro-l-butene (CH2 = CHCF2CHF2); 1,1-difluoro-2- (difluoromethyl) -1-propene (CF2 = C (CHF2) (CH3)); 1, 3, 3, 3-tetrafluoro-2-methyl-l-propene (CHF = C (CF3) (CH3)); 3, 3-difluoro-2- (difluoromethyl) -1-propene (CH2 = C (CHF2) 2); 1,1, 1,2-tetrafluoro-2-butene (CF3CF = CHCH3); 1,1,1,3-tetrafluoro-2-butene (CH3CF = CHCF3); 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-decafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CF = CFCF2CF3); 1,1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-decafluoro-l-pentene (CF2 = CFCF2CF2CF3); 1, 1, 1,4,4, 4-hexafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene ((CF3) 2OCHCF3); 1,1,1,2,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CF = CHCF2CF3); 1,1,1,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CH = CFCF2CF3); 1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-l-pentene (CHF = CFCF2CF2CF3); 1,1,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-l-pentene (CF2 = CHCF2CF2CF3); 1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5-nonafluoro-l-pentene (CF2 = CFCF2CF2CHF2); 1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CHF2CF = CFCF2CF3); 1,1,1,2, 3,4,4,5, 5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CF = CFCF2CHF2); 1, 1, 1,2, 3,4,5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CF = CFCHFCF3); 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4-hexafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CHF = CFCF (CF3) 2); 1, 1, 2, 4, 4, 4-hexafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CF2 = CFCH (CF3) 2); 1.1, 1, 4, 4, 4-hexafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene (CF3CH = C (CF3) 2); 1,1, 3, 4,, 4-hexafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CF2 = CHCF (CF3) 2); 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-octafluoro-l-pentene (CH2 = CFCF2CF2CF3); 1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoro-l-pentene (CHF = CFCF2CF2CHF2); 3,3,4,4,4-pentafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CH2 = C (CF3) CF2CF3); 1,1,4,4,4-pentafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CF2 = CHCH (CF3) 2); 1,3,4,4,4-pentafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CHF = CHCF (CF3) 2); 1,1,4,4,4-pentafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CF2 = C (CF3) CH2CF3); 3,4,4, 4-tetrafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene ((CF3) 2CFCH = CH2); 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-heptafluoro-l-pentene (CF3CF2CF2CH = CH2); 2,3,3,4,4,5,5-heptafluoro-l-pentene (CH2 = CFCF2CF2CHF2); 1,1,3,3,5,5,5-heptafluoro-l-butene (CF2 = CHCF2CH2CF3); 1,1,1,2,4,4, 4-heptafluoro-3-methyl-2-butene (CF3CF = C (CF3) (CH3)); 2,4,4, 4-tetrafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CH2 = CFCH (CF3) 2); 1, 4, 4, 4 -tetrafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CHF = CHCH (CF3) 2); 1,1,1,4-tetrafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene (CH2FCH = C (CF3) 2); 1,1,1,3-tetrafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene (CH 3 CF = C (CF 3) 2); 1,1-l-trifluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene ((CF3) 2C = CHCH3); 3,4,4,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CF2CF = CHCH3); 1, 1, 1, 4, 4, 4-hexafluoro-2-methyl-2- butene (CF3C (CH3) = CHCF3); 3,3,4,5,5, 5-hexafluoro-l-pentene (CH2 = CHCF2CHFCF3); 4.4, 4-trifluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CH2 = C (CF3) CH2CF3); 1,1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-dodecafluoro-l-hexene (CF3 (CF2) 3CF = CF2); 1,1, 1,2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6-dodecafluoro-3-hexene (CF3CF2CF = CFCF2CF3); 1, 1, 1, 4, 4, 4-hexafluoro-2, 3-bis (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene ((CF3) 2C = C (CF3) 2); 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene ((CF3) 2CFCF = CFCF3); 1,1,1,4,4,5,5,5-octafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene ((CF3) 2C = CHC2F5); 1,1,1,3,4,5,5,5-octafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene ((CF3) 2CFCF = CHCF3); 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6-nonafluoro-l-hexene (CF3CF2CF2CF2CH = CH2); 4,4, 4-trifluoro-3, 3-bis (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CH2 = CHC (CF3) 3); 1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -3-methyl-2-butene ((CF 3) 2 C = C (CH 3) (CF 3)); 2, 3, 3, 5, 5, 5-hexafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -1-pentene (CH2 = CFCF2CH (CF3) 2); 1, 1, 1, 2, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-3-methyl-2-pentene (CF3CF = C (CH3) CF2CF3); 1, 1, 1, 5, 5, 5-hexafluoro-4- (trtfluoromethyl) -2-pentene (CF3CH = CHCH (CF3) 2); 3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-octafluoro-2-hexene (CF3CF2CF2CF = CHCH3); 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-octafluoro hexene (CH2 = CHCF2CF2CF2CHF2); 1,1,1,4, 4-pentafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene ((CF3) 2C = CHCF2CH3); 4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -1-pentene (CH2 = C (CF3) CH2C2F5); 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-heptafluoro-2-methyl-l-pentene (CF3CF2CF2C (CH3) = CH2); 4,4,5,5,6,6,6-heptafluoro-2-hexene (CF3CF2CF2CH = CHCH3); 4,4,5,5,6,6,6-heptafluoro-l-hexene (CH2 = CHCH2CF2C2F5); 1,1,1,2,2,3,4-heptafluoro-3-hexene (CF3CF2CF = CFC2H5); 4,5,5,5-tetrafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -1-pentene (CH 2 = CHCH 2 CF (CF 3) 2); l, l, l, 2,5,5,5-heptafluoro-4-methyl-2-pentene (CF3CF = CHCH (CF3) (CH3)); 1,1,1, 3-tetrafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene ((CF3) 2C = CFC2H5); 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4,, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7, 7, 7-tetradecafluoro-2-heptene (CF3CF = CFCF2CF2C2F5); 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tetradecafluoro-3-heptene (CF3CF2CF = CFCF2C2F5); 1, 1,1,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7,7-tridecafluoro-2-heptene (CF3CH = CFCF2CF2C2F5); 1, 1, 1, 2, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7, 7, 7-tridecafluoro-2-heptene (CF3CF = CHCF2CF2C2F5); 1,1, 1,2,2,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7,7-tridecafluoro-3-heptene (CF3CF2CH = CFCF2C2F5); 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7, 7, 7-tridecafluoro-3-heptene (CF3CF2CF = CHCF2C2F5); CF2 = CFOCF2CF3 (PEVE) and CF2 = CFOCF3 (PMVE). Particularly useful in the arrangements comprising at least one flammable refrigerant and at least one fluoroolefin are those fluoroolefins which by themselves are not flammable. The flammability of a fluoroolefin seems to be related to the numbers of fluorine atoms and the numbers of hydrogen atoms in the molecule. The equation below provides a flammability factor that can be calculated as a predicted indication of flammability: flammability factor = F / (F + H) where: F = the number of fluorine atoms; and H = the number of hydrogen atoms in a molecule. Since certain compounds have been experimentally determined to be flammable, the cut-off line for nonflammable fluoroolefin flammability factors has been determined. Fluoroolefins can be determined to be flammable or non-flammable when tested under specific conditions by ASHR7AE (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.) standard 34-2001, under ASTM (American Society of Testing and Materials) E681 -01, with a electronic ignition source. Such flammability tests are conducted with the compound of interest at 101 kPa (14.7 psia (1.033 kg / cm2)) and a specific temperature (frequently at 100 ° C (212 ° F)) in various concentrations in air in order to determine the lower flammability limit (LFL) and / or upper flammability limit (UFL) of the test compound in air. The flammability factors for various fluoroolefins are listed in Table 4 together with the experimental determination of flammable or non-flammable. Therefore, they can be predicted for the other fluoroolefins of the present disclosure, which will be most useful in combination with the flammable refrigerants of the present disclosure as are, in fact, non-flammable fluoroolefins.

TABLE 4 The fluoroolefins as listed in Table 4 can be determined to be flammable or non-flammable based on the value of the flammability factor. If the flammability factor is found to be equal to or greater than 0.70, then the fluoroolefin can be expected to be non-flammable. If the flammability factor is less than 0.70, then the fluoroolefin can be expected to be flammable.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the fluoroolefins for use in compositions with flammable refrigerants are those fluoroolefins selected from the group consisting of: (a) fluoroolefins of the formula E- or Z-R1CH = CHR2, wherein R1 and R2 are, independently, perfluoroalkyl groups Ci up to C6; (b) cyclic fluoroolefins of the formula cyclo- [CX = CY (CZW) n-], where X, Y, Z, and, independently, are H or F, and n is an integer from 2 to 5, and where the flammability factor is greater than or equal to 0.70; and (c) fluoroolefins selected from the group consisting of: 1, 2, 3, 3, 3-pentafluoro-l-propene (CF3CF = CHF); 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoro-l-propene (CF3CH = CF2); 1, 1, 2, 3, 3-pentafluoro-l-propene (CHF2CF = CF2); 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4-octafluoro-2-butene (CF3CF = CFCF3); 1, 1,2,3,3,4,4, 4-octafluoro-l-butene (CF3CF2CF = CF2); 1, 1, 1, 2, 4, 4, 4-heptafluoro-2-butene (CF3CF = CHCF3); 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, -heptafluoro-l-butene (CHF = CFCF2CF3); 1,1,1,2,3,4,4-heptafluoro-2-butene (CHF2CF = CFCF3); 1,3,3, 3-tetrafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -1-propene ((CF3) 2C = CHF); 1, 1, 3, 3, 4, 4, -heptafluoro-l-butene (CF2 = CHCF2CF3); 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, -heptafluoro-l-butene (CF2 = CFCHFCF3); 1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, -heptafluoro-l-butene (CF2 = CFCF2CHF2); 2,3,3,4,4,4-hexafluoro-1-butene (CF3CF2CF = CH2); 1, 3, 3, 4,, -hexafluoro-l-butene (CHF = CHCF2CF3); 1,2,3,4,4,4-hexafluoro-l-butene (CHF = CFCHFCF3); 1, 2, 3, 3,, 4-hexafluoro-1-butene (CHF = CFCF2CHF2); 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CHF2CF = CFCHF2); 1,1,1,2,3,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CH2FCF = CFCF3); 1,1,1,2,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CHF2CH = CFCF3); 1, 1, 1, 3, 4, 4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CF3CH = CFCHF2); 1,1,2,3,3,4-hexafluoro-l-butene (CF2 = CFCF2CH2F); 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4-hexafluoro-1-butene (CF2 = CFCHFCHF2); 3, 3, 3-trifluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -1-propene (CH2 = C (CF3) 2); 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-decafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CF = CFCF2CF3); 1,1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-decafluoro-l-pentene (CF2 = CFCF2CF2CF3); 1,1,1,4,4, 4-hexafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene ((CF3) 2C = CHCF3); 1, 1, 1, 2, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CF = CHCF2CF3); 1, 1, 1, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CH = CFCF2CF3); 1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-l-pentene (CHF = CFCF2CF2CF3); 1,1,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-l-pentene (CF2 = CHCF2CF2CF3); 1,1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-nonafluoro-l-pentene (CF2 = CFCF2CF2CHF2); 1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CHF2CF = CFCF2CF3); 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CF = CFCF2CHF2); 1,1,1,2,3,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CF = CFCHFCF3); 1,2,3,4,, 4-hexafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CHF = CFCF (CF3) 2); 1, 1, 2, 4, 4, 4-hexafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CF2 = CFCH (CF3) 2); 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene (CF3CH = C (CF3) 2); 1,1,3,4,4, 4-hexafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CF2 = CHCF (CF3) 2); 2,3,3,4,4,5,5, 5-octafluoro-l-pentene (CH2 = CFCF2CF2CF3); 1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoro-l-pentene (CHF = CFCF2CF2CHF2); 3, 3, 4, 4, 4-pentafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CH2 = C (CF3) CF2CF3); 1, 1, 4, 4, 4-pentafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CF2 = CHCH (CF3) 2); 1,3,4,4,4-pentafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CHF = CHCF (CF3) 2); 1,1,4,4, 4-pentafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CF2 = C (CF3) CH2CF3); 3, 4, 4, 4-tetrafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene ((CF3) 2CFCH = CH2); 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-heptafluoro-l-pentene (CF3CF2CF2CH = CH2); 2,3,3,4,4,5,5-heptafluoro-l-pentene (CH2 = CFCF2CF2CHF2); 1,1, 3, 3, 5, 5, 5-heptafluoro-l-butene (CF2 = CHCF2CH2CF3); 1,1,1,2,4,4, 4-heptafluoro-3-methyl-2-butene (CF3CF = C (CF3) (CH3)); 2, 4, 4, 4-tetrafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CH2 = CFCH (CF3) 2); 1, 4, 4, 4-tetrafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CHF = CHCH (CF3) 2); 1,1,1,4-tetrafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene (CH2FCH = C (CF3) 2); 1,1,1,3-tetrafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene (CH 3 CF = C (CF 3) 2); 1,1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-dodecafluoro-l-hexene (CF 3 (CF 2) 3 CF = CF 2); 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6-dodecafluoro-3-hexene (CF3CF2CF = CFCF2CF3); 1, 1, 1, 4, 4, 4-hexafluoro-2, 3-bis (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene ((CF3) 2C = C (CF3) 2); 1,1,1,2,3,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene ((CF3) 2CFCF = CFCF3); 1, 1, 1, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-octafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene ((CF3) 2C = CHC2F5); 1,1,1,3,4,5,5,5-octafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene ((CF3) 2CFCF = CHCF3); 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-nonafluoro-l-hexene (CF3CF2CF2CF2CH = CH2); 4,4, 4-trifluoro-3, 3-bis (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CH2 = CHC (CF3) 3); 1,1,1,4,4,4-Hexafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -3-methyl-2-butene ((CF3) 2C = C (CH3) (CF3)); 2, 3, 3, 5, 5, 5-hexafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -1-pentene (CH2 = CFCF2CH (CF3) 2); 1,1,1,2,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-3-methy1-2-pentene (CF3CF = C (CH3) CF2CF3); 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene (CF3CH = CHCH (CF3) 2); 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tetradecafluoro-2-heptene (CF3CF = CFCF2CF2C2F5); 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tetradecafluoro-3-heptene (CF3CF2CF = CFCF2C2F5); 1,1,1,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoro-2-heptene (CF3CH = CFCF2CF2C2F5); 1,1,1,2,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoro-2-heptene (CF3CF = CHCF2CF2C2F5); 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,6,6,6,7,7,7- tridecafluoro-3-heptene (CF3C F2CH = C FC F2C2F5); Y 1,1,1,2,2,3,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoro-3-heptene (CF3C F2C F = CHC F2C2F5). In still another embodiment, the fluoroolefins of the present disclosure which may be particularly useful in combination with flammable refrigerants, may be at least one fluoroolefin selected from the group consisting of: (a) fluoroolefins of the formula E- or Z-R1CH = CHR2 , wherein R1 and R2 are, independently, Ci perfluoroalkyl groups up to Ce, and wherein the flammability factor is greater than or equal to 0.70; and (b) cyclic fluoroolefins of the formula cyclo- [CX = CY (CZW) n-], wherein X, Y, Z, and W, independently, are H or F, and n is an integer from 2 to 5, and where the flammability factor is greater than or equal to 0.70. Although the flammability factor provides a basis for predicting the flammability of certain fluoroolefin compounds, there may be certain variables, such as the position of the hydrogen atoms in the molecule that is counted for certain isomers with a given molecular formula being flammable while other isomers They are not flammable. Therefore, the flammability factor can only be used as a tool to predict flammability characteristics. The flammable refrigerants of the present invention they comprise any compound, which can demonstrate that it propagates a flame under specific conditions of temperature, pressure and composition when mixed with air. Flammable refrigerants can be identified by testing under specific conditions by ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.) standard 34-2001, under ASTM (American Society of Testing and Materials) E681-01, with an electronic ignition source. Such flammability tests are conducted with the refrigerant at 101 kPa (14.7 psia (1,033 kg / cm2)) and a specific temperature (typically 100 ° C (212 ° F), or room temperature, which is around 23 ° C (73 ° F) in various concentrations in air in order to determine the lower flammability limit (LFL) and the upper flammability limit (UFL) of the test compound in air In practical terms, a refrigerant can be classified as flammable if during leakage from a refrigeration appliance or air conditioner, and contact with an ignition source can result in fire.The compositions of the present invention, during such leakage, have a low probability of causing fire. present invention include hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), fluoroolefins, fluoroethers, hydrocarbon ethers, hydrocarbons, ammonia (NH3), and combinations thereof. Flammable HFC refrigerants include but are not limited to: difluoromethane (HFC-32), fluoromethane (HFC-41), 1,1-trifluoroethane (HFC-143a), 1,1,2-trifluoroethane (HFC-143) , 1, 1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a), fluoroethane (HFC-161), 1,1,1-trifluoropropane (HFC-263fb), 1, 1, 3, 3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-365mfc), and combinations thereof. These flammable HFC refrigerants are commercial products available from a number of sources such as chemical synthesis companies or can be prepared by synthetic processes described in the art. The flammable refrigerants of the present invention further comprise fluoroolefins including but not limited to: 1, 2, 3, 3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (HFC-1234ye); 1, 3, 3, 3-tetrafluoro-l-propene (HFC-1234ze); 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-l-propene (HFC-1234yf); 1, 1, 2, 3-tetrafluoro-l-propene (HFC-1234yc); 1, 1, 3, 3-tetrafluoro-l-propene (HFC-1234zc); 2, 3, 3-trifluoro-l-propene (HFC-1243yf); 3,3,3-trifluoro-l-propene (HFC-1243zf); 1, 1, 2-trifluoro-l-propene (HFC-1243yc); 1, 1, 3-trifluoro-l-propene (HFC-1243zc); 1,2,3-trifluoro-l-propene (HFC-1243ye); and 1, 3, 3-trifluoro-l-propene (HFC-1243ze). The flammable refrigerants of the present invention further comprise fluoroethers, hydrofluorocarbon-like compounds, which also contain at least one oxygen atom of the ether group. Representative fluororeter refrigerants include but are not limited to commercially available C4F9OC2H5. The flammable refrigerants of the present invention further comprise hydrocarbon refrigerants. Representative hydrocarbon refrigerants include but are not limited to propane, propylene, cyclopropane, n-butane, isobutane, n-pentane, 2-methylbutane (isopentane), cyclobutane, cyclopentane, 2,2-dimethylpropane, 2,2-dimethylbutane, 2,3-dimethylbutane, 2,3-dimethylpentane, 2-methylhexane, 3-methylhexane, 2-methylpentane, 3-ethylpentane, 3-methylpentane, cyclohexane, n-heptane, methylcyclopentane, and n-hexane. Flammable hydrocarbon refrigerants are readily available from multiple commercial sources. The flammable refrigerants of the present invention further comprise hydrocarbon ethers, such as dimethyl ether (DME, CH3OCH3) and methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE, (CH3) 3COCH3), both available from multiple commercial sources. The flammable refrigerants of the present invention further comprise ammonia (NH3), a commercially available compound. The flammable refrigerants of the present invention may further comprise mixtures of more than one refrigerant such as a mixture of two or more flammable refrigerants (for example, two HFCs or an HFC and a hydrocarbon) or a mixture comprising a flammable refrigerant and a non-flammable refrigerant, such that the general mixture is still considered to be a flammable refrigerant, identified under the ASTM conditions described in the present, or in practical terms. Examples of non-flammable refrigerants that can be combined with other refrigerants of the present invention include R-134a, R-134, R-23, R125, R-236fa, R-245fa, and mixtures of HCFC-22 / HFC-152a / HCFC-124 (known by the designations ASHRAE, R401 or R-401A, R-401B, and R-401C), HFC-125 / HFC-143a / HFC-134a (known by the designation ASHRAE, R-404 or R -404A), HFC-32 / HFC-125 / HFC-134a (known by the designations ASHRAE, R407 or R-407A, R-407B, and R-407C), HCFC-22 / HFC-143a / HFC-125 ( known by the designation ASHRAE, R408 or R-408A), HCFC-22 / HCFC-124 / HCFC-142b (known by the designation ASHRAE: R-409 or R-409A), HFC-32 / HFC-125 (known by the designation ASHRAE R-410A), and HFC-125 / HFC-143a (known by the designation ASHRAE: R-507 or R507A) and carbon dioxide. Examples of mixtures of more than one flammable refrigerant include propane / isobutane; HFC-152a / isobutane, R32 / propane; R32 / isobutane; and HFC / carbon dioxide mixtures such as HFC-152a / C02. One aspect of the present invention is to provide a non-flammable refrigerant with a global warming potential of less than 150, preferably less than 50. Another aspect of the present invention is to reduce the flammability of flammable refrigeration mixtures by adding nonflammable fluoroolefins to the blends. It can be shown that although certain refrigerants are flammable, it is possible to produce a non-flammable refrigerant composition by adding another non-flammable compound to the flammable refrigerant. Examples of such non-flammable refrigerant mixtures include R-410A (HFC-32 is a flammable refrigerant, while HFC-125 is non-flammable), and R-407C (HFC-32 is a flammable refrigerant, while HFC-125 and HFC-134a are not flammable). The compositions of the present invention that are useful as refrigerants or heat transfer fluids comprising at least one fluoroolefin and at least one flammable refrigerant may contain an effective amount of fluoroolefin to produce a composition that is non-flammable based on ASTM results. E681-01. Current inventive compositions comprising at least one flammable refrigerant and at least one fluoroolefin may contain about 1 weight percent to about 99 weight percent fluoroolefin and about 99 weight percent up to about 1 weight percent. flammable refrigerant weight.

In another embodiment, the compositions of the present invention may contain about 10 weight percent to about 80 weight percent fluoroolefin and about 90 weight percent to about 20 weight percent flammable refrigerant. In still another embodiment, the compositions of the present invention may contain about 20 weight percent to about 70 weight percent fluoroolefin and about 80 weight percent to about 30 weight percent flammable refrigerant. Of particular interest is one embodiment of the present disclosure wherein the fluoroolefin comprises HFC-1225ye and the flammable refrigerant comprises HFC-32 (difluoromethane). It has been determined that compositions comprising up to 37 percent by weight of HFC-32 are non-flammable, while compositions comprising 38 percent by weight of HFC-32 or higher are flammable as determined by ASTM 681-01. The present disclosure provides non-flammable compositions comprising about 1.0 weight percent to about 37.0 weight percent HFC-32 and about 99.0 weight percent to about 63 weight percent HFC-1225ye. Also, of particular interest is a modality of the present disclosure wherein the composition comprises HFC-1225ye, HFC-32 and HFC-125. This composition of this invention comprises about 20 weight percent to about 95 weight percent HFC-1225ye, about 1.0 weight percent to about 65 weight percent HFC-32, and about 1.0 weight percent up to about 40 weight percent of HFC-125. In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 30 weight percent to about 90 weight percent HFC-1225ye, about 5.0 weight percent to about 55 weight percent HFC-32, and about from 1.0 weight percent to about 35 weight percent HFC-125. In yet another embodiment, the composition comprises about 40 weight percent to about 85 weight percent HFC-1225ye, about 10 weight percent to about 45 weight percent HFC-32 and about 10 weight percent. 1.0 weight percent to about 28 weight percent of HFC-125. Those compositions containing less than about 40 weight percent HFC-32 are expected to be non-flammable compositions. This flammability limit will range from less than about 45 weight percent HFC-32 to less than about 37 weight percent HFC-32 depending on the relative ratios of HFC-1225ye and HFC-125 present in the composition .

In another embodiment of particular interest, the flammable refrigerant comprises HFC-1243zf and a non-flammable fluoroolefin intended to reduce the flammability of the general composition The composition may comprise about 1.0 weight percent to about 99 weight percent HFC-1243zf and about 99 weight percent to about 1.0 weight percent HFC-1225ye. Alternatively, the composition may comprise about 40 weight percent to about 70 weight percent HFC-1243zf and about 60 weight percent to about 30 weight percent HFC-1225ye. In another embodiment of particular interest, the composition comprises about 1.0 weight percent to about 98 weight percent of HFC-1243zf; about 1.0 weight percent to about 98 weight percent of HFC-1225ye; and about 1.0 weight percent to about 50 weight percent of HFC-125. Alternatively, the composition comprises about 40 weight percent up to about 70 weight percent HFC-1243zf; about 20 weight percent up to about 60 weight percent HFC-1225ye; and about 1.0 weight percent to about 10 weight percent HFC-125. In another embodiment of particular interest the composition comprises about 1.0 weight percent to about 98 weight percent of HFC-1243zf; about 1.0 weight percent to about 98 weight percent of HFC-1225ye; and about 1.0 percent by weight up about 50 weight percent of HFC-32. Alternatively, the composition comprises about 40 weight percent up to about 70 weight percent HFC-1243zf; about 20 weight percent to about 60 weight percent of HFC-1225ye; and about 1.0 weight percent to about 10 weight percent HFC-32. In still another embodiment of particular interest, the composition comprises about 1.0 weight percent to about 97 weight percent HFC-1243zf; about 1.0 weight percent to about 97 weight percent HFC-1225ye; about 1.0 weight percent to about 50 weight percent of HFC-125; and about 1.0 weight percent to about 50 weight percent of HFC-32. Alternatively, the composition comprises about 40 weight percent up to about 70 weight percent HFC-1243zf; about 20 weight percent to about 60 weight percent of HFC-1225ye; and about 1.0 weight percent to about 10 weight percent of HFC-125; and about 1.0 weight percent to about 10 weight percent of HFC-32. The present invention also relates to a method for reducing the flammability of a flammable refrigerant. The method comprises combining the flammable refrigerant with at least one fluoroolefin. The amount of fluoroolefin must add an effective amount to produce compositions not flammable as determined by ASTM 681-01. The compositions of the present invention can be used in combination with a dryer in a refrigeration, air conditioning, or heat pump system to aid in the removal of moisture. The dryers can be composed of activated alumina, silica gel, or molecular sieves based on zeolite. Representative molecular sieves include MOLSIV XH-7, XH-6, XH-9 and XH-11 (UOP LLC, Des Plaines, IL). For refrigerants with small molecular sieve such as HFC-32, dryer XH-11 is preferred. The compositions of the present invention may further comprise at least one lubricant. The lubricants of the present invention comprise those suitable for use with refrigeration or air conditioning apparatus. Among these lubricants are those conventionally used in compression refrigeration appliances using chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants. Such lubricants and their properties are described in the 1990 ASHRAE Handbook, Refrigeration Systems and Applications, chapter 8, entitled "Lubricants in Refrigeration Systems", pages 8.1 to 8.21, which is incorporated herein by reference. The lubricants of the present invention may comprise those commonly known as "mineral oils" in the field of compression refrigeration lubrication. Mineral oils comprise paraffins (that is, saturated hydrocarbons, straight chain and branched carbon chain), naphthenes (ie, cyclic paraffins) and aromatics (ie, cyclic, unsaturated hydrocarbons containing one or more rings characterized by alternative double bonds). The lubricants of the present invention further comprise those commonly known as "synthetic oils" in the field of compression refrigeration lubrication. Synthetic oils comprise alkylaryls (that is, linear and branched alkyl alkylbenzenes), synthetic paraffins and naphthenes, and poly (alphadefines). Conventional lubricants representative of the present invention are the commercially available BVM 100 N (paraffinic mineral oil sold by BVA Oils), Suniso® 3GS and Suniso® 5GS (naphthenic mineral oil sold by Crompton Co.), Sontex® 372LT (naphthenic mineral oil) sold by Pennzoil), Calumet® RO-30 (naphthenic mineral oil sold by Calumet Lubricants), Zerol® 75, Zerol® 150 and Zerol® 500 (linear alkylbenzenes sold by Shrieve Chemicals) and HAB 22 (branched alkylbenzene sold by Nippon Oil) . Lubricants of the present invention further comprise those, which have been designated for use with hydrocarbon refrigerants and are miscible with refrigerants of the present invention under compression refrigeration and operating conditions of air conditioners. Such lubricants and their properties are discussed in "Synthetic Lubricants and High-Performance Fluids", RL Shubkin, editor, Marcel Dekker, 1993. Such lubricants include, but are not limited to, polyol esters (POEs) such as Castrol® 100 (Castrol, UK), polyalkylene glycols (PAGs) such as RL-488A from Dow (Dow Chemical, Midland, Michigan), and polyvinyl ethers (PVEs). The lubricants of the present invention are selected by considering the given compressor requirements and the environment to which the lubricant will be exposed. The commonly used cooling system additives may optionally be added, as desired, to compositions of the present invention in order to increase the lubricity and stability of the system. These additives are generally known within the field of lubrication of the refrigeration compressor, and include anti-wear agents, extreme pressure lubricants, corrosion and oxidation inhibitors, metal surface deactivators, foaming agents and antifoam control agents, leak detectors and Similar. In general, these additives are present only in small amounts relative to the general lubricant composition. They are usually used in concentrations of less than about 0.1% at most about 3% of each additive. These additives are selected based on the requirements of the individual system. Some typical examples of such additives may include, but are not limited to, lubrication improvement of additives, such as alkyl or aryl esters of phosphoric acid and of thiophosphates. Additionally, the metal dialkyl dithiophosphates (eg, zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate or ZDDP, Lubrizol 1375) and other members of another family of chemicals can be used in compositions of the present invention. Other anti-wear additives include natural product oils and asymmetric polyhydroxyl lubricant additives such as Synergol TMS (International Lubricants). Similarly, stabilizers such as antioxidants, free radical scavengers, and water scavengers (drying compounds) can be employed. Such additives include but are not limited to, nitromethane, hindered phenols (such as butylated hydroxy toluene, or BHT), hydroxylamines, thiols, phosphites, epoxides or lactones. Water edpurators include but are not limited to ortho esters such as trimethyl formate, triethyl, or tripropilorto. Simple additives or combinations can be used. In one embodiment, the present invention provides compositions comprising at least one fluoroolefin and at least one stabilizer selected from the group consisting of thiophosphates, butylated triphenylphosphorothionates, organophosphates, dialkyl thiophosphate esters, terpenes, terpenoids, fullerenes, functionalized perfluoropolyethers, polyoxyalkylated aromatics, epoxides, fluorinated epoxides, oxetanes, ascorbic acid, thiols, lactones, thioethers, nitromethanes, alkylsilanes, benzophenone derivatives, arylsulfide, divinyl terephthalate, diphenyl terephthalate, alkylamines, hindered amine antioxidants, and phenols. The alkylamines may include triethylamine, tributylamine, diisopropylamine, triisopropylamine, triisobutylamine, and other members of another family of alkylamine compounds. In another embodiment, the stabilizers of the present invention may comprise specific combinations of stabilizers. A combination of stabilizers of particular interest comprises at least one terpene or terpenoid. These terpenes or terpenoids can be combined with at least one compound selected from epoxides, fluorinated epoxides, and oxetanes. Terpenes are hydrocarbon compounds characterized by structures that contain more than one repeating isoprene unit (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene). Terpenes can be acyclic or cyclic. Representative terpenes include but are not limited to myrcene (2-methyl-6-methyl-eneocta-1, 7-diene), allo-cymene, beta-ocimene, terebene, limonene (or d-limonene), retinal, pinene ( or alpha-pinene), menthol, geraniol, famesol, phytol, Vitamin A, terpinene, delta-3-carene, terpinolene, phellandrene, fenchene and mixtures thereof. Terpene stabilizers are commercially available or can be prepared by methods known in the art or isolated from natural sources.

Terpenoids are natural products and related compounds characterized by structures that contain more than one repeating isoprene unit and optionally contain oxygen. Representative terpenoids include carotenoids, such as lycopene (CAS reg. No. [502-65-8]), beta carotene (CAS reg. No. [7235-40-7]), and xanthophyll, ie, zeaxanthin (CAS reg. no. [144-68-3]); retinoids, such as hepaxanthin (CAS reg. no. [512-39-0]), and isotretinoin (CAS reg. no. [4759-48-2]); abietano (CAS reg. no. [640-43-7]); ambrosano (CAS reg. no. [24749-18-6]); aristolanus (CAS reg. no. [29788-49-6]); atisano (CAS reg. no. [24379-83-7]); Beierano (CAS Reg. No. [2359-83-3]), Bisabolano (CAS Reg. No. [29799-19-7]); bornano (CAS reg. no. [464-15-3]); caryophyllene (CAS reg. no. [20479-00-9]); cedrano (CAS reg. no. [13567-54-9]); Damarano (CAS Reg. No. [545-22-2]); drimano (CAS reg. no. [5951-58-6]); eremophilane (CAS reg. no. [3242-05-5]); eudesmano (CAS reg. no. [473-11-0]); fenchane (CAS reg.No [6248-88-0]); gamacerano (CAS reg. no. [559-65-9]); germacran (CAS reg. no. [645-10-3]); gibano (CAS reg. no. [6902-95-0]); graianotoxan (CAS reg. no. [39907-73-8]); guaiano (CAS reg. no. [489-80-5]); Himachalano (CAS Reg. No. [20479-45-2]); hopano (CAS reg. no. [471-62-5]); humulan (CAS reg. no. [430-19-3]); caurane (CAS reg. no. [1573-40-6]); labadand (CAS reg. no. [561-90-0]); lanostane (CAS reg. no. [474-20-4]); lupano (CAS reg. no. [464-99-3]); p-mentano (CAS reg. no. [99-82-1]); oleanano (CAS reg. no. [471-67-0]); opiobolane (CAS Reg. No. [20098-65-1]); picrasano (CAS reg. no. [35732-97-9]); pimarane (CAS reg. no. [30257-03-5]); pinano (CAS reg. no. [473-55-2]); podocarpane (CAS reg. no. [471-78-3]); protostano (CAS reg. no. [70050-78-1]); rosano (CAS reg. no. [6812-82-4]); taxane (CAS reg. no. [1605-68-1]); tujano (CAS reg. no. [471-12-5]); tricotecan (CAS reg. no. [2 706-08-9]); and Ursan (CAS Reg. No. [464-93-7]). The terpenoids of the present invention are commercially available or can be prepared by methods known in the art or can be isolated from the naturally occurring source. In one embodiment, the terpene or terpenoid stabilizers can be combined with at least one epoxide. Representative epoxides include 1,2-propylene oxide (CAS reg. No. [75-56-9]); 1,2-butylene oxide (CAS reg.No [106-88-7]); or mixtures thereof. In another embodiment, the terpene or terpenoid stabilizers of the present invention can be combined with at least one fluorinated epoxide. The fluorinated epoxides of the present invention can be described by Formula 3, wherein each of R 2 through R 5 is H, alkyl of 1-6 carbon atoms of 1 to 1 or 1-6 atoms. carbon with the condition that at least one of R2 through R5 is a fluoroalkyl group.

Formula 3 Representative fluorinated epoxide stabilizers include but are not limited to trifluoromethyloxirane and 1,1-b i s (t r i f 1 uo r orne t i) ox i r a no. Such compounds can be prepared by methods known in the art, for example by methods described in, Journal of Fluorine Chemistry, volume 24, pages 93-104 (1984), Journal of Organic Chemistry, volume 56, pages 3187 to 3189 (1991). , and Journal of Fluorine Chemistry, volume 125, pages 99-105 (2004). In another embodiment, the terpene or terpenoid stabilizers of the present invention can be combined with at least one oxetane. The oxetane stabilizers of the present invention can be compounds with one or more oxetane groups and is represented by Formula 4, wherein Ri-R6 are the same or different and can be selected from hydrogen, alkyl or substituted alkyl, aryl or substituted aryl.

Formula 4 Representative oxetane stabilizers include but are not limited to 3-ethyl-3-hydroxymethyl-oxetane, such as OXT-101 (Toagosei Co., Ltd); 3-ethyl-3- ((phenoxy) methyl) -oxethane, such as OXT-211 (Toagosei Co., Ltd); and 3-ethyl-3- ((2-ethylhexyloxy) methyl) -oxethane, such as OXT-212 (Toagosei Co., Ltd).

Another embodiment of particular interest is a combination of stabilizers comprising fullerenes. The fullerene stabilizers can be combined with at least one compound selected from the group consisting of epoxides, fluorinated epoxides, and oxetanes. Epoxides, fluorinated epoxides, and oxetanes for combination with fullerenes have previously been described herein as for combination with terpenes or terpenoids. Another embodiment of particular interest is a combination of stabilizers comprising phenols. The fullerene stabilizers can be combined with at least one compound selected from the group consisting of epoxides, fluorinated epoxides, and oxetanes. Epoxides, fluorinated epoxides, and oxetanes for combination with phenols have been described previously herein as for combination with terpenes or terpenoids. The phenol stabilizers comprise any substituted or unsubstituted phenol compound including phenols comprising one or more substituted or unsubstituted cyclic, straight-chain, or branched aliphatic substituent group, such as, alkylated monophenols including 2,6-di-tert- Butyl-4-methylphenol; 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol; 2,4-dimethyl-6-tert-butylphenol; tocopherol; and the like, hydroquinone and alkylated hydroquinones including t-butyl hydroquinone, other hydroquinone derivatives; and the like, hydroxylated thiodiphenyl ethers, including 4,4'-thio-bis (2-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); 4,4'-thiobis (3-methyl-1-6-tert-butylphenol); 2, 2'-thiobis (met il-6-tert-butylphenol); and the like, alkylidene bisphenols including: 4,4'-methylenebis (2,6-di-tert-butylphenol); 4,4'-bis (2,6-di-tert-butylphenol); 2,2'-, 4-biphenolyl derivatives; 2,2'-methylenebis (-ethyl-6-tert-butylphenol); 2,2'-methylenebis (4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); 4, 4-butylidenebis (3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); 4, 4-isopropylidenebis (2,6-di-tert-butylphenol); 2,2'-methylenebis (4-methyl-6-nonylphenol); 2,2'-isobutylidenebis (4,6-dimethylphenol; 2,2'-methylenebis (4-methyl-6-cyclohexylphenol, 2,2- or 4,4-biphenyldiols including 2,2'-methylenebis (4-ethyl- 6-tert-butylphenol), butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT), bisphenols comprising heteroatoms including 2,6-di-tert-alpha-dimethylamino-p-cresol, 4,4-thiobis (6-tert-butyl-m-cresol); and the like; acylaminophenols; 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4 (N, N'-dimethylaminomethylphenol); sulfides including; bis (3-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-tert-butylbenzyl) sulfide; bis (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) sulfide; and similar. In one embodiment of the present invention, these combinations of stabilizers comprise terpenes or terpenoids, or fullerenes or phenols with at least one compound selected from the group consisting of epoxides, fluorinated epoxides, and oxetanes, may further comprise an additional stabilizing compound selected from the group consisting of: areoxalyl bis (benzylidene) hydrazide (CAS reg.No.6629-10-3); ?,? ' bis (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamoylhydrazine) (CAS reg.No. 32687-78-8); 2,2'-oxamidobis-ethyl- (3,5-d-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhidorcinnamate) (CAS reg.No.70331-94-1); N, N '- (disalicyclide) -1, 2-propanediamine (CAS Reg.No.94-91-1); and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (CAS reg.No.60-00-4) and salts thereof. In another embodiment of the present invention, these combinations of stabilizers comprising terpenes or terpenoids, or fullerenes or phenols with at least one compound selected from the group consisting of epoxides, epoxides fluorinated, and oxetanes, may further comprise at least one alkylamine selected from the group consisting of t r i e t i 1 amine; tributylamine; triisopropylamine; di i s obu t i 1 ami na; triisopropylamine; t r i i s obut i 1 ami na; and hindered amine antioxidants. The compositions of the present invention may further comprise a compound or composition which is an indicator and is selected from the group consisting of hydrofluorocarbon (HFCs), deuterated hydrocarbon, dehydrated hydrocarbon, perfluorocarbons, fluoroether, brominated compound. , iodinated compound, alcohol, aldehyde, ketones, nitrous oxide (2 O) and combinations thereof. The indicator used in the present invention are different compositions from those used as refrigerant or heat transfer fluids, are added to the refrigerant and heat transfer compositions in predetermined amounts to allow the detection of any dilution, contamination or other alteration of the composition, as described in US patent application do not. serial 11 / 062,044, dated February 18, 2005. Typical indicator compounds for use in the present compositions are listed in Table 5.

The compounds listed in Table 5 are commercially available (from chemical supply houses) or can be prepared by processes known in the art. The simple indicator compounds can be used in combination with a cooling / heating fluid in the compositions of the present invention or multiple indicator compounds can be combined in any proportion to serve as an indicator mixture. The indicator mixture may contain multiple indicator compounds of the same class of multiple indicator compounds or compounds of different classes of compounds. For example, a flag mixture may contain 2 or more deuterated hydrofluorocarbons, or a deuterated hydrofluorocarbon in combination with one or more perfluorocarbons. Additionally, some of the compounds in Table 4 exist as multiple, structural or optical isomers. The Simple isomers or multiple isomers of the same compound can be used in any ratio to prepare the indicator compound. In addition, single or multiple isomers of a given compound can be combined in any ratio with any number of other compounds to serve as a flag mixture. The indicator compound or indicator mixture can be present in the compositions in a total concentration of about 50 parts per million by weight (ppm) up to about 1000 ppm. Preferably, the indicator compound or indicator mixture is present in a total concentration of about 50 ppm up to about 500 ppm and more preferably, the indicator compound or indicator mixture is present in a total concentration of about 100 ppm up to about 300 ppm. The compositions of the present invention may further comprise an ultra-violet (UV) dye and optionally a solubilizing agent. The UV dye is a useful component for detecting leaks of the refrigerant composition or heat transfer fluids by allowing to observe the fluorescence of the dye in the refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition in the vicinity of a leak point in the apparatus in Refrigeration, air conditioning, heat pump apparatus. One can observe the fluorescence of the dye under an ultraviolet light. The Solubilization agents may be necessary due to poor solubility of such UV dyes in some refrigerants and heat transfer fluids. By "ultraviolet" dye is meant a UV fluorescent composition that absorbs light in the ultraviolet or "near" ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The fluorescence produced by the UV fluorescent dye under illumination by a UV light that emits radiation with wavelength anywhere from 10 nanometers to 750 nanometers can be detected. Thus, if the refrigerant or heat transfer fluid containing such UV fluorescent dye leaks from a given point in a refrigeration, air conditioning, or heat pump apparatus, the fluorescence can be detected at the vanishing point, or in the vicinity of the vanishing point. Such UV fluorescent dyes include but are not limited to naphthalimides, perylenes, coumarins, anthracenes, phenanthracenes, xanthenes, thioxanthenes, naphthoxethenes, fluoresceins, and dye derivatives or combinations thereof. The solubilizing agents of the present invention comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbons, hydrocarbon ethers, polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers, amides, nitriles, ketones, chlorocarbons, esters, lactones, aryl ethers, fluoroethers and 1, 1, 1-trifluoroalkanes.

The hydrocarbon solubilizing agents of the present invention comprise hydrocarbons that include straight chain, branched chain or cyclic alkenes or alkanes containing 16 or fewer carbon atoms and only hydrogen without other functional groups. Representative hydrocarbon solubilizing agents comprise propane, propylene; cyclopropane, n-butane, isobutane, n-pentane, octane, decane, and hexadecane. It will be noted that if the refrigerant is a hydrocarbon, then the solubilizing agent can not be the same hydrocarbon. The hydrocarbon ether solubilizing agents of the present invention comprise ethers containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, such as dimethyl ether (DME). The polyoxyalkylene glycol ether solubilizing agents of the present invention are represented by the formula R1 [(OR2) xOR3] and, wherein: x is an integer from 1-3; and is an integer from 1-4; R1 is selected from hydrogen and aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and linking sites; R2 is selected from aliphatic hydrocarbylene radicals having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms; R3 is selected from hydrogen and aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; at least one of R1 and R3 is the hydrocarbon radical; and where the polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers they have a molecular weight from about 100 to about 300 units of atomic mass. As used herein, "linkage sites" means radical sites available to form covalent bonds with other radicals. The hydrocarbylene radicals mean divalent hydrocarbon radicals. In the present invention, preferred polyoxyalkylene glycol ether solubilizing agents are represented by R1 [(OR2) xOR3] and: x is preferably 1-2; and is preferably 1; R1 and R3 are preferably independently selected from hydrogen and aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R2 is preferably selected from aliphatic hydrocarbylene radicals having from 2 or 3 carbon atoms, more preferably 3 carbon atoms; The molecular weight of polyoxyalkylene glycol ether is preferably from about 100 to about 250 atomic mass units, more preferably from about 125 to about 250 atomic mass units. The hydrocarbon radicals R1 and R3 having 1 to 6 carbon atoms can be linear, branched or cyclic. Representative hydrocarbon radicals R1 and R3 include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, tert-pentyl, cyclopentyl, and cyclohexyl. Where the free hydroxyl radicals in the ether solubilizing agents polyoxyalkylene glycol present may be incompatible with certain construction compression refrigeration apparatus materials (eg, Mylar®), R1 and R3 are preferably aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 carbon atom. The aliphatic hydrocarbylene radicals R2 having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms form repeats of oxyalkylene radicals - (0R2) X - which include oxyethylene radicals, oxypropylene radicals, and oxybutylene radicals. The oxyalkylene radical comprising R2 in a polyoxyalkylene glycol ether solubilizing agent molecule may be the same, or a molecule may contain different oxyalkylene groups R2. The polyoxyalkylene glycol ether solubilizing agents present preferably comprise at least one oxypropylene radical. Where R1 is an aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and linking sites, the radical may be linear, branched or cyclic. Representative R1 aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals having two linking sites include, for example, an ethylene radical, a propylene radical, a butylene radical, a pentylene radical, a hexylene radical, a cyclopentylene radical and a cyclohexylene radical. Representative R1 aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals having three or four linking sites include residues derived from polyalcohols, such as trimethylolpropane, glycerin, pentaerythritol, 1,2,3-trihydroxycyclohexane and 1,3,5-trihydroxycyclohexane, by removing their hydroxyl radicals. Representative polyoxyalkylene glycol ether solubilizing agents include but are not limited to: CH3OCH2CH (CH3) 0 (H or CH3) (propylene glycol methyl (or dimethyl) ether), CH3O [CH2CH (CH3) 0] 2 (H or CH3 ) (dipropylene glycol methyl (or dimethyl) ether), CH30 [CH2CH (CH3) 0] 3 (H or CH3) (tripropylene glycol methyl (or dimethyl) ether), C2H5OCH2CH (CH3) 0 (H or C2H5) (propylene glycol) ethyl (or diethyl) ether), C2H50 [CH2CH (CH3) 0] 2 (H or C2H5) (dipropylene glycol ethyl (or diethyl) ether), C2H5O [CH2CH (CH3) 0] 3 (H or C2H5) (tripropylene glycol ethyl (or diethyl) ether), C3H7OCH2CH (CH3) 0 (H or C3H7) (propylene glycol n-propyl (or di-n-propyl) ether), C3H7O [CH2CH (CH3) 0] 2 (H or C3H7) ( dipropylene glycol n-propyl (or di-n-propyl) ether), C3H7O [CH2CH (CH3) 0] 3 (H or C3H7) (tripropylene glycol n-propyl (or di-n-propyl) ether), C4H9OCH2CH (CH3 ) OH (propylene glycol n-butyl ether), C4H9O [CH2CH (CH3) 0] 2 (H or C4H9) (dipropylene glycol n-butyl (or di-n-butyl) ether), C4H90 [CH2CH (CH3) 0] 3 (H C4H9) (tripropylene glycol n-butyl (or di-n-butyl) ether), (CH3) 3COCH2CH (CH3) OH (propylene glycol t-butyl ether), (CH3) 3C0 [CH2CH (CH3) 0] 2 (H or (CH3) 3) (dipropylene glycol t-butyl (or di-t-butyl) ether), (CH3) 3C0 [CH2CH (CH3) 0] 3 (H or (CH3) 3) (tripropylene glycol t-butyl ( or di-t-butyl) ether), C5HuOCH2CH (CH3) OH (propylene glycol n-pentyl ether), C4H9OCH2CH (C2H5) OH (butylene glycol n-butyl ether), C4H9O [CH2CH (C2H5) O] 2H (dibutylene glycol n-butyl ether), trimethylolpropane tri-n-butyl ether (C2H5C (CH20 (CH2) 3CH3) 3) and trimethylolpropane di-n-butyl ether (C2H5C ( CH2OC (CH2) 3CH3) 2CH2OH). The amide solubilizing agents of the present invention comprise those represented by the formulas R ^ IOINR2 ^ and cyclo- [R4C (0) N (R5)], wherein R1, R2, R3 and R5 are independently selected from aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals and alicyclic having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms; R 4 is selected from aliphatic hydrocarbylene radicals having from 3 to 12 carbon atoms; and wherein the amides have a molecular weight from about 100 to about 300 atomic mass units. The molecular weight of the amides is preferably from about 160 to about 250 atomic mass units. R1, R2, R3 and R5 may optionally include substituted hydrocarbon radicals, that is, radicals containing non-hydrocarbon substituents selected from halogens (e.g., fluorine, chlorine) and alkoxides (e.g., methoxy). R1, R2, R3 and R5 may optionally include heteroatom substituted hydrocarbon radicals, that is, radicals, containing the nitrogen (aza-), oxygen (oxa-) or sulfur (tia-) atoms in one radical chain of another way composed of carbon atoms. In general, not more than three non-hydrocarbon substituents and heteroatoms, and preferably not more than one, will be presented for every 10 carbon atoms in R1"3, and the presence of any such non-hydrocarbon substituents and heteroatoms should be considered in applying the aforementioned molecular weight limitations. Preferred amide solubilizing agents consist of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen. Representative aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals R1, R2, R3 and R5 include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, tert-pentyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl and their configurational isomers. A preferred embodiment of amide solubilizing agents are those wherein R 4 in the above-mentioned formula cyclo- [R 4 C (O) N (R 5) -] can be represented by the hydrocarbylene radical (CR 6 R 7) n, in other words, the formula: cycle- [(CR6R7) nC (O) N (R5) -] where: the values previously established by molecular weight are applied; n is an integer from 3 to 5; R5 is a saturated hydrocarbon radical containing 1 to 12 carbon atoms; R6 and R7 are independently selected (for each n) by the routes previously offered by the definition R1-3. In lactams represented by the formula: cyclo- [(CR6R7) nC (O) N (R5) -], all R6 and R7 are preferably hydrogen, or contain a single saturated hydrocarbon radical between the n-methylene units, and R5 is a saturated hydrocarbon radical containing 3 to 12 carbon atoms. For exe, 1- (saturated hydrocarbon radical) -5- methylpyrrolidin-2-ones. Representative amide solubilizing agents include but are not limited to: l-octylpyrrolidin-2-one, 1-decylpyrrolidin-2-one, l-octyl-5-methylpyrrolidin-2-one, 1-butylcaprolactam, 1-cyclohexylpyrrolidin-2 -one, l-butyl-5-methylpiperid-2-one, 1-pentyl-5-methylpiperid-2-one, 1-hexylcaprolactam, l-hexyl-5-methylpyrrolidin-2-one, 5-methyl-l-pentylpiperid -2-one, 1,3-dimethylpiperid-2-one, 1-methylcaprolactam, l-butyl-pyrrolidin-2-one, 1,5-dimethylpiperid-2-one, l-decyl-5-methylpyrrolidin-2-one , 1-dodecylpyrrolid-2-one, N, N-dibutylformamide and N, N-diisopropylacetamide. The ketone solubilizing agents of the present invention comprise ketones represented by the formula R 1 C (0) R 2, wherein R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from aliphatic, alicyclic and aryl hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and in where the ketones have a molecular weight from about 70 to about 300 atomic mass units. R1 and R2 in the ketones are preferably independently selected from aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 9 carbon atoms. The molecular weight of the ketones is preferably from about 100 to 200 atomic mass units. R1 and R2 can together form a hydrocarbylene radical connecting and forming a cyclic ketone of ring of five, six, or seven members, for example, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, and cycloheptanone. R1 and R2 may optionally include substituted hydrocarbon radicals, that is, radicals containing non-hydrocarbon substituents selected from halogens (e.g., fluoro, chloro) and alkoxides (e.g., methoxy). R1 and R2 may optionally include heteroatom-substituted hydrocarbon radicals, that is, radicals, containing the nitrogen (aza-), oxygen (keto-, oxa-) or sulfur (tia-) atoms in an otherwise radical chain composed of carbon atoms. In general, no more than three non-hydrocarbon substituents and heteroatoms, and preferably no more than one, will be presented every 10 carbon atoms in R1 and R2, and the presence of any such non-hydrocarbon substituents and heteroatoms should be considered in applying the molecular weight limitations mentioned above. The aliphatic, alicyclic and aryl hydrocarbon radicals R1 and R2 representative in the general formula R1C (0) R2 include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, tert -pentyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl and their configurational isomers, as well as phenyl, benzyl, cumenyl, mesityl, tolyl, xylyl and phenethyl. Representative ketone solubilizing agents include but are not limited to: 2-butanone, 2-pentanone, acetophenone, butyrophenone, hexanophenone, cyclohexanone, cycloheptanone, 2-heptanone, 3-heptanone, 5-methyl-2-hexanone, 2-octanone, 3-octanone, ketone of diisobutyl, 4-ethylcyclohexanone, 2-nonanone, 5-nonanone, 2-decanone, 4-decanone, 2-decalone, 2-tridecanone, dihexyl ketone and dicyclohexyl ketone. The nitrile solubilizing agents of the present invention comprise nitriles represented by the formula R 1 CN, wherein R 1 is selected from aliphatic, alicyclic or aryl hydrocarbon radicals having from 5 to 12 carbon atoms, and wherein the nitriles have a molecular weight from about 90 to about 200 atomic mass units. R1 in the nitrile solubilizing agents are preferably selected from aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals having 8 to 10 carbon atoms. The molecular weight of the nitrile solubilizing agents is preferably from about 120 to about 140 atomic mass units. R1 may optionally include substituted hydrocarbon radicals, that is, radicals containing non-hydrocarbon substituents selected from halogens (e.g., fluoro, chloro) and alkoxides (e.g., methoxy). R1 may optionally include substituted heteroatom hydrocarbon radicals, that is, radicals, containing the nitrogen (aza-), oxygen (keto-, oxa-) or sulfur (tia-) in an otherwise radical chain composed of carbon atoms. In general, not more than three non-hydrocarbon substituents and heteroatoms, and preferably not more than one, will be presented every 10 carbon atoms in R1, and the presence of any such non-hydrocarbon substituents and heteroatoms should be considered in applying the limitations of molecular weight mentioned above. The aliphatic, alicyclic and aryl R1 hydrocarbon radicals representative in the general formula R1CN include pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, tert-pentyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl and their configurational isomers, as well as phenyl , benzyl, cumenyl, mesityl, tolyl, xylyl and phenethyl. Representative nitrile solubilizing agents include but are not limited to; 1-cyanopentane, 2,2-dimethyl-4-cyanopentane, 1-cyanohexane, 1-cyanoheptane, 1-cyanooctane, 2-cyanooctane, 1-cyanononane, 1-cyanodecane, 2-cyanodecane, 1-cyanoundecane and 1-cyanododecane. The chlorocarbon solubilizing agents of the present invention comprise chlorocarbons represented by the formula RC1X, wherein; x is selected from integers 1 or 2; R is selected from aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 12 carbon atoms; and wherein the chlorocarbons have a molecular weight from about 100 to about 200 atomic mass units. The weight The molecular weight of the chlorocarbon solubilizing agents is preferably from about 120 to 150 atomic mass units. Representative aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals R in the general formula RC1X include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, tert-pentyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, heptyl , octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl and their configurational isomers. Representative chlorocarbon solubilizing agents include but are not limited to: 3- (chloromethyl) pentane, 3-chloro-3-methylpentane, 1-chlorohexane, 1, β-dichlorohexane, 1-chloroheptane, 1-chloroctane, 1-chlorononane, 1-chlorodecane, and 1, 1, 1-trichlorodecane. The ester solubilizing agents of the present invention comprise esters represented by the general formula R1C02R2, wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from linear and cyclic, saturated and unsaturated alkyl and aryl radicals. Preferred esters consist essentially of elements C, H and O, have a molecular weight from about 80 to about 550 atomic mass units. Representative esters include but are not limited to: (CH3) 2CHCH200C (CH2) 2-0COCH2CH (CH3) 2 (dibasic diisobutyl ester), ethyl hexanoate, ethyl heptanoate, n-butyl propionate, n-propyl propionate , ethyl benzoate, di-n-propyl phthalate, benzoic acid ethoxyethyl ester, carbonate dipropyl, "Exxate 700" (a commercial C7 alkyl acetate), "Exxate 800" (a commercial Cs alkyl acetate), dibutyl phthalate, and tert-butyl acetate. The lactone solubilizing agents of the present invention comprise lactones represented by structures [A], [B], and [C]: These lactones contain the functional group -C02- in a ring of six (A), or preferably five atoms (B), wherein for structures [A] and [B], Ri through R8 are independently selected from hydrogen or radicals linear, branched, cyclic, bicyclic, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbyl. Each Ri through Rs can be connected by forming a ring with another Ri through Rs. The lactone may have an exocyclic alkylidene group as in the structure [C], where Ri through R6 are independently selected from hydrogen or linear, branched, cyclic, bicyclic, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbyl radicals. Each Ri through R6 can be connected by forming a ring with another Ri through R6. Lactone solubilizing agents have a molecular weight range from about 80 up to about 300 units of atomic mass, preferred from around 80 to about 200 units of atomic mass. Representative lactone agents or ubiquides of the lactone include, but are not limited to, the compounds listed in Table 6.

TABLE 6 Lactone solubilizing agents generally have a kinematic viscosity of less than about 7 centistokes at 40 ° C. For example, gamma undecalactone has kinematic viscosity of 5.4 centistokes and cis- (3-hexyl-5-methyl) dihydrofuran-2-one has viscosity of 4.5 centistokes both at 40 ° C. Lactone solubilizing agents may be commercially available or prepared by methods such as is described in patent application of E.U.A. 10 / 910,495, dated August 3, 2004, which is incorporated herein by reference. The aryl ether solubilizing agents of the present invention further comprise aryl ethers represented by the formula R1OR2, wherein: R1 is selected from aryl hydrocarbon radicals having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms; R2 is selected from aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and wherein the aryl ethers have a molecular weight from about 100 to about 150 atomic mass units. Representative R1 aryl radicals in the general formula R1OR2 include phenyl, biphenyl, cumenyl, mesityl, tolyl, xylyl, naphthyl and pyridyl. Representative aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals R 2 in the general formula R 1 OR 2 include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl. Representative aromatic ether solubilizing agents include but are not limited to: methyl phenyl ether (anisole), 1,3-dimethyoxybenzene, ethyl phenyl ether and butyl phenyl ether. The fluoroether solubilizing agents of the present invention comprise those represented by the general formula R1OCF2CF2H, wherein R1 is selected from aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having from about 5 to about 15 carbon atoms, preferably alkyl, primary, linear, saturated radicals. Representative fluoroether solubilizing agents include but are not limited to: C8H17OC F2C F2H and C6H13OC F2C F2H. It will be noted that if the refrigerant is a fluoroether, then the solubilizing agent can not be the same fluoroether. The fluoroether solubilizing agents may further comprise ethers derived from fluoroolefins and polyols. The fluoroolefins may be of the type CF2 = CXY, where X is hydrogen, chloro or fluoro, and Y is chloro, fluoro, C F3 or ORf, where Rf is CF3, C2F5, or C3F7. Representative fluoroolefins are tetrafluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, and perfluoromethylvinyl ether. The polyols can be linear or branched. The linear polyols may be of the HOCH2 (CHOH) x (CRR 1) and CH 2 OH type, wherein R and R 'are hydrogen, or CH 3, or C 2 H 5 and wherein x is an integer from 0-4, and Y is an integer from 0-4. The branched polyols can be of the type C (OH) t (R) or (CH2OH) v [(CH2) mCH2OH] w, where R can be hydrogen, CH3 or C2H5, m can be an integer from 0 to 3, tyu they can be 0 or 1, v and w are integers from 0 to 4, and also where t + u + v + w = 4. Representative polyols are trimethylol propane, pentaerythritol, butanediol, and ethylene glycol.

The 1,1,1-trifluoroalkane solubilizing agents of the present invention comprise 1,1,1-trifluoroalkanes represented by the general formula CF3R1, wherein R1 is selected from aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals having from about 5 to about of 15 carbon atoms, preferably primary, linear, saturated alkyl radicals. Representative 1,1,1-trifluoroalkane solubilizing agents include but are not limited to 1,1,1-trifluorohexane and 1,1,1-trifluorododecane. The solubilizing agents of the present invention can be presented as a simple compound, or they can be presented as a mixture of more than one solubilizing agent. Mixtures of solubilizing agents can contain two solubilizing agents of the same class of compounds, two lactones are said, or two solubilizing agents of two different kinds, such as a lactone and a polyoxyalkylene glycol ether. In the present compositions comprising UV fluorescent dye and coolant, or comprising heat transfer fluid and UV fluorescent dye, from about 0.001 weight percent to about 1.0 weight percent of the composition is UV dye, preferably from about 0.005 weight percent to about 0.5 weight percent, and more preferably from 0.01 weight percent to about of 0.25 percent by weight. The solubility of these UV fluorescent dyes in refrigerant and heat transfer compositions can be poor. Therefore, the methods for introducing these dyes into refrigeration, air conditioning, or heat pump apparatus have been cumbersome, expensive and time-consuming. The patent of E.U.A. no. RE 36,951, incorporated herein by reference, discloses a method, which utilizes a coloring powder, solid palletizing or thick mixture of the colorant that can be inserted into a refrigeration component or air conditioner. As the coolant and lubricant are distributed through the apparatus, the colorant dissolves or disperses and is carried through the apparatus. Numerous other methods for introducing dye into a refrigeration or air-conditioning apparatus are described in the literature. Ideally, the UV fluorescent dye could be dissolved in the refrigerant therefore does not require any specialized method for introduction into the refrigeration, air conditioning, or heat pump apparatus. The present invention relates to compositions that include the UV fluorescent dye, which can be introduced into the system dissolved in the refrigerant in combination with a solubilizing agent. The inventive compositions will allow the storage and transportation of the refrigerant containing dye and heat transfer fluid even at low temperatures while keeping the dye in the solution. In current compositions comprising refrigerant, the UV fluorescent dye and solubilizing agent, or comprising heat transfer fluid and UV fluorescent dye and solubilizing agent, from about 1 to about 50 weight percent, preferably from about 2 weight percent. up to about 25 weight percent, and more preferably from about 5 to about 15 weight percent of the combined composition is solubilizing agent in the refrigerant or heat transfer fluid. In the compositions of the present invention the UV fluorescent dye is present in a concentration of from about 0.001 weight percent to about 1.0 weight percent in the refrigerant or heat transfer fluid, preferably from 0.005 weight percent to about 0.5 weight percent, and more preferably from 0.01 weight percent to about 0.25 weight percent. Solubilizing agents such as ketones can have an objectionable odor, which can be masked by the addition of an odor or fragrance masking agent. Typical examples of odor masking agents or fragrances may include Always green, Fresh lemon, Cherry, Cinnamon, Green Mint, Floral or Orange Peel, all of which are commercially available, as well as d-limonene and pinene. Such odor masking agents can be used in concentrations from about 0.001% to as much as about 15% by weight based on the combined weight of odor masking agent and solubilizing agent. The present invention further relates to a method for using the refrigerant or heat transfer fluid compositions comprising ultraviolet fluorescent dye to detect leaks in refrigeration appliances, air conditioners, or heat pump apparatus. The presence of the colorant in the compositions allows the detection of refrigerant leaks in the refrigeration, air conditioning, or heat pump apparatus. Leak detection helps direct, resolve and / or prevent inefficient operation of equipment or systems or equipment failure. Leak detection also helps contain chemicals used in the operation of the device. The method comprises providing the composition comprising refrigerant, ultraviolet fluorescent dye or comprising heat transfer fluid and UV fluorescent dye, as described herein, and optionally, a solubilizing agent as described herein, for refrigeration apparatus. , air conditioning, or heat pump and that employs a suitable means to detect the refrigerant containing UV fluorescent dye. Suitable means for detecting the dye include, but are not limited to, ultraviolet lamps, often referred to as a "black light" or "blue light". Such ultraviolet lamps are commercially available from numerous sources specifically designated to detect UV fluorescent dye. Once the ultraviolet fluorescent dye containing the composition has been introduced for refrigeration, air conditioning, or heat pump apparatus and allowed to distribute through the system, a vanishing point or the vicinity of the vanishing point can be located by illuminating the ultraviolet lamp in the apparatus and observing the fluorescence of the dye in the vicinity of any vanishing point. Mechanical refrigeration is primarily an application of thermodynamics in which a cooling medium, such as a refrigerant, goes through a cycle so that it can be recovered for reuse. Commonly used cycles include vapor compression, absorption, steam current or vapor expeller, and air. Steam compression refrigeration systems include an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser, and an expansion device. A re-used refrigerant of multi-stage steam compression cycle produces a cooling effect in one stage and an effect of heating in a different stage. The cycle can be described simply as follows. The liquid refrigerant enters an evaporator through an expansion device, and the liquid refrigerant boils in the evaporator at a low temperature to form a gas and produce cooling. The low pressure gas enters a compressor where the gas is compressed to raise its pressure and temperature. The gaseous (compressed) refrigerant of higher pressure then enters the condenser in which the refrigerant condenses and discharges its heat into the environment. The refrigerant returns to the expansion device through which the liquid expands from the higher pressure level in the condenser to the low pressure level in the evaporator, thus repeating the cycle. There are several types of compressors that can be used in refrigeration applications. Compressors can generally be classified as a reciprocal, rotary, jet, centrifugal, spiral, screw or axial flow, depending on the mechanical means to compress the fluid, or as a positive displacement (for example, reciprocity, spiral or screw). or dynamic (for example, centrifugal or jet), depending on how the mechanical elements act on the fluid that is compressed. Compositions of the present invention comprising fluoroolefins may be useful in any of the types of compressor mentioned above. The choice of The refrigerant for any given compressor will depend on many factors including, for example, the requirements of the boiling point and vapor pressure. Any positive displacement or dynamic compressor can be used in the present inventive process. A centrifugal type compressor is a preferred type of equipment for certain refrigerant compositions comprising at least one fluoroolefin. A centrifugal compressor uses rotating elements to accelerate the refrigerant radially, and typically includes an impeller and diffuser housed in a cabinet. Centrifugal compressors usually take fluids in a driving eye, or central inlet of a circulating impeller, and accelerate radially outward. Some high static pressure occurs in the impeller, but most of the elevated pressure occurs in the diffusion section of the casing, where the velocity is converted to static pressure. Each impeller-diffuser assembly is a stage of the compressor. Centrifugal compressors are constructed with from 1 to 12 or more stages, depending on the desired final pressure and the volume of refrigerant to be handled. The pressure ratio, or compression ratio, of a compressor is the ratio of absolute discharge pressure to absolute input pressure. The release of pressure by a centrifugal compressor is practically constant over a range relatively broad capacity. Positive displacement compressors draw steam into a chamber, and the chamber decreases in volume to compress the vapor. After being compressed, the vapor is forced from the chamber by further decreasing the volume of the chamber to zero or near zero. A positive displacement compressor can create a pressure, which is limited only by the volumetric efficiency and the strength of the parts to resist pressure. Unlike a positive displacement compressor, a centrifugal compressor depends entirely on the centrifugal force of the high-speed impeller to compress the steam that passes through the impeller. There is no positive displacement, but rather what is called dynamic compression. The pressure of a centrifugal compressor can develop depending on the top speed of the impeller. The top speed is the speed of the impeller measured at its tip and is related to the diameter of the impeller and its revolutions per minute. The capacity of the centrifugal compressor is determined by the size of the passages through the impeller. This makes the size of the compressor more dependent on the pressure required than the capacity. Due to its high speed operation, a centrifugal compressor is basically a low pressure machine, high volume. A centrifugal compressor works best with a low pressure refrigerant, such as trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11) or 1,2,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane (CFC-113). Some of the low pressure refrigerant fluids of the present invention may be suitable as drip replacements for CFC-113 in existing centrifugal equipment. Large centrifugal compressors typically operate at 3000 to 7000 revolutions per minute (rpm). Small centrifugal turbine compressors (mini-centrifugal compressors) are designed for high speeds, from around 40,000 to around 70,000 (rpm), and have small impeller sizes, typically less than 0.15 meters (about 6 inches). A multi-stage impeller can be used in a centrifugal compressor to improve the efficiency of the compressor so it requires less energy in use. For a two-stage system, in operation, the discharge of the first stage of the impeller leads to the suction intake of a second impeller. Both impellers can work by using a single axis (or stationary axis). Each stage can accumulate a compression ratio of around 4 to 1; that is, the absolute discharge pressure can be four times the absolute suction pressure. Various examples of two-stage centrifugal compressor systems, particularly for automotive applications, are described in US 5,065,990 and US 5,363,674, both incorporated herein by reference. The present disclosure also relates to a method for producing heating or cooling in a refrigeration, air conditioning, or heat pump apparatus, the method comprising introducing a refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition into the apparatus having (a) ) a centrifugal compressor; (b) a multi-stage centrifugal compressor, or (c) a single stage heat exchanger / single plate; wherein the refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition comprises at least one fluoroolefin selected from the group consisting of: (i) fluoroolefins of the formula E- or Z-R1CH = CHR2, wherein R1 and R2 are, independently, groups Ci perfluoroalkyl up to C6,; (ii) cyclic fluoroolefins of the formula cyclo- [CX = CY (CZ) n-], wherein X, Y, Z, and W, independently, are H or F, and n is an integer from 2 to 5; or (iii) fluoroolefins selected from the group consisting of: 1, 2, 3, 3, 3-pentafluoro-l-propene (CF3CF = CHF); 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoro-l-propene (CF3CH = CF2); 1, 1, 2, 3, 3-pentafluoro-l-propene (CHF2CF = CF2); 1, 2, 3, 3-tetrafluoro-l-propene (CHF2CF = CHF); 2, 3, 3, 3-tetrafluoro-l-propene (CF3CF = CH2); 1, 3, 3, 3-tetrafluoro-l-propene (CF3CH = CHF); 1,1,2,3- tetrafluoro-l-propene (CH2FCF = CF2); 1, 1, 3, 3-tetrafluoro-l-propene (CHF2CH = CF2); 2, 3, 3-trifluoro-l-propene (CHF2CF = CH2); 3, 3, 3-trifluoro-l-propene (CF3CH = CH2); 1, 1, 2-trifluoro-l-propene (CH3CF = CF2); 1, 1, 3-trifluoro-l-propene (CH2FCH = CF2); 1, 2, 3-trifluoro-l-propene (CH2FCF = CHF); 1,3,3-trifluoro-l-propene (CHF2CH = CHF); 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4 -octafluoro-2-butene (CF3CF = CFCF3); 1,1,2,3,3,4,4, 4-octafluoro-l-butene (CF3CF2CF = CF2); 1,1, 1, 2, 4, 4, 4-heptafluoro-2-butene (CF3CF = CHCF3); 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4-heptafluoro-l-butene (CHF = CFCF2CF3); 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4-heptafluoro-2-butene (CHF2CF = CFCF3); 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -1-propene ((CF 3) 2 C = CHF); 1, 1, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4-heptafluoro-l-butene (CF2 = CHCF2CF3); 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4-heptafluoro-l-butene (CF2 = CFCHFCF3); 1, 1,2, 3, 3, 4, 4-heptafluoro-l-butene (CF2 = CFCF2CHF2); 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4-hexafluoro-l-butene (CF3CF2CF = CH2); 1, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4-hexafluoro-l-butene (CHF = CHCF2CF3); 1,2,3,4,4,4-hexafluoro-l-butene (CHF = CFCHFCF3); 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4-hexafluoro-l-butene (CHF = CFCF2CHF2); 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CHF2CF = CFCHF2); 1,1, 1, 2, 3, 4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CH2FCF = CFCF3); 1, 1, 1, 2, 4, 4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CHF2CH = CFCF3); 1, 1, 1, 3, 4, 4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CF3CH = CFCHF2); 1,1,2,3,3,4-hexafluoro-l-butene (CF2 = CFCF2CH2F); 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4-hexafluoro-l-butene (CF2 = CFCHFCHF2); 3, 3, 3-trifluoro-2- (tri fluoromethyl) -1-propene (CH2 = C (CF3) 2); 1, 1, 1, 2, 4-pentafluoro-2-butene (CH2FCH = CFCF3); 1, 1, 1, 3, 4 -pentafluoro-2-butene (CF3CH = CFCH2F); 3, 3, 4, 4, 4-pentafluoro-l-butene (CF3CF2CH = CH2); 1,1,1,4,4-pentafluoro-2-butene (CHF2CH = CHCF3); 1, 1, 1, 2, 3-pentafluoro-2-butene (CH3CF = CFCF3); 2, 3, 3, 4, 4 -pentafluoro-l-butene (CH2 = CFCF2CHF2); 1,1,2,4,4-pentafluoro-2-butene (CHF2CF = CHCHF2); 1, 1, 2, 3, 3-pentafluoro-l-butene (CH3CF2CF = CF2); 1, 1, 2, 3, 4-pentafluoro-2-butene (CH2FCF = CFCHF2); 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoro-2-methyl-1-propene (CF 2 = C (CF 3) (CH 3)); 2- (difluoromethyl) -3,3,3-trifluoro-l-propene (CH2 = C (CHF2) (CF3)); 2, 3, 4, 4, 4-pentafluoro-l-butene (CH2 = CFCHFCF3); 1,2,4,4,4-pentafluoro-l-butene (CHF = CFCH2CF3); 1, 3, 4, 4, 4-pentafluoro-l-butene (CHF = CHCHFCF3); 1, 3, 3,, 4 -pentafluoro-l-butene (CHF = CHCF2CHF2); 1,2,3,4, 4-pentafluoro-l-butene (CHF = CFCHFCHF2); 3,3,4,4-tetrafluoro-l-butene (CH2 = CHCF2CHF2); 1,1-difluoro-2- (difluoromethyl) -1-propene (CF2 = C (CHF2) (CH3)); 1, 3, 3, 3-tetrafluoro-2-methyl-1-propene (CHF = C (CF3) (CH3)); 2-difluoromethyl-3, 3-difluoro-l-propene (CH2 = C (CHF2) 2); 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoro-2-butene (CF3CF = CHCH3); 1,1,1,1-tetrafluoro-2-butene (CH3CF = CHCF3); 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4,, 5, 5, 5-decafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CF = CFCF2CF3); 1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-decafluoro-l-pentene (CF2 = CFCF2CF2CF3); 1,1, 1, 4, 4, 4-hexafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene ((CF3) 2C = CHCF3); 1, 1, 1, 2, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CF = CHCF2CF3); 1,1,1,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CH = CFCF2CF3); 1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-l-pentene (CHF = CFCF2CF2CF3); 1,1,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-l-pentene (CF2 = CHCF2CF2CF3); 1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5-nonafluoro-l-pentene (CF2 = CFCF2CF2CHF2); 1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CHF2CF = CFCF2CF3); 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CF = CFCF2CHF2); 1,1,1,2,3,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CF = CFCHFCF3); 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4-hexafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CHF = CFCF (CF3) 2); 1, 1, 2, 4, 4, 4-hexafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CF2 = CFCH (CF3) 2); 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene (CF3CH = C (CF3) 2); 1, 1, 3, 4, 4, -hexafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CF2 = CHCF (CF3) 2); 2, 3, 3,4,4, 5, 5, 5-octafluoro-l-pentene (CH2 = CFCF2CF2CF3); 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5-octafluoro-l-pentene (CHF = CFCF2CF2CHF2); 3, 3, 4, 4, 4 -pentafluoro-2- (tri fluoromethyl) -1-butene (CH2 = C (CF3) CF2CF3); 1, 1, 4, 4, 4-pentafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CF2 = CHCH (CF3) 2); 1,3,4,4,4-pentafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CHF = CHCF (CF3) 2); 1,1,4,4, 4-pentafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CF2 = C (CF3) CH2CF3); 3,4,4, 4-tetrafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene ((CF3) 2CFCH = CH2); 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-heptafluoro-l-pentene (CF3CF2CF2CH = CH2); 2,3,3,4,4,5,5-heptafluoro-l-pentene (CH2 = CFCF2CF2CHF2); 1,1,3,3,5,5,5-heptafluoro-l-butene (CF2 = CHCF2CH2CF3); 1,1, 1, 2, 4, 4, 4-heptafluoro-3-methyl-2-butene (CF3CF = C (CF3) (CH3)); 2,4,4, 4-tetrafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CH2 = CFCH (CF3) 2); 1, 4, 4, 4-tetrafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CHF = CHCH (CF3) 2); 1,1,1,4-tetrafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene (CH2FCH = C (CF3) 2); 1,1,1,3-tetrafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene (CH3CF = C (CF3) 2); 1,1, 1-trifluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene ((CF3) 2C = CHCH3); 3,4,4,5,5, 5-hexafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CF2CF = CHCH3); 1,1,1,4,4,4-Hexafluoro-2-methyl-2-butene (CF3C (CH3) = CHCF3); 3,3,4,5,5,5-hexafluoro-l-pentene (CH2 = CHCF2CHFCF3); 3- (trifluoromethyl) -4,4,4-trifluoro-1-butene (CH 2 = C (CF 3) CH 2 CF 3); 1,1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-dodecafluoro-1-hexene (CF 3 (CF 2) 3 CF = CF 2); 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,6,6,6-dodecafluoro-3-hexene (CF3CF2CF = CFCF2CF3); 1, 1, 1, 4, 4, 4-hexafluoro-2, 3-bis (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene ((CF3) 2C = C (CF3) 2); 1,1,1,2,3,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene ((CF3) 2CFCF = CFCF3); 1,1,1,4,4,5,5,5-octafluoro-2- (trtfluoromethyl) -2-pentene ((CF3) 2C = CHC2F5); 1,1,1,3,4,5,5,5-octafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene ((CF3) 2CFCF = CHCF3); 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-nonafluoro-l-hexene (CF3CF2CF2CF2CH = CH2); 4,4,4-trifluoro-3,3-bis (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CH2 = CHC (CF3) 3); 1, 1, 1, 4, 4, 4-hexafluoro-3-methyl-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene ((CF3) 2C = C (CH3) (CF3)); 2,3,3,5,5,5-hexafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -1-pentene (CH 2 = CFCF 2 CH (CF 3) 2); 1,1,1,2,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-3-methyl-2-pentene (CF3CF = C (CH3) CF2CF3); 1, 1, 1, 5, 5, 5-hexafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene (CF3CH = CHCH (CF3) 2); 3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-octafluoro-2-hexene (CF3CF2CF2CF, = CHCH3); 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-octafluoro-l-hexene (CH2 = CHCF2CF2CF2CHF2); 1,1,1,4,4-pentafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene ((CF3) 2C = CHCF2CH3); 4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -1-pentene (CH2 = C (CF3) CH2C2F5); 3,3,4,4,5,5,5-heptafluoro-2-methyl-1-pentene (CF3CF2CF2C (CH3) = CH2); 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6-heptafluoro-2-hexene (CF3CF2CF2CH = CHCH3); 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, ß-heptafluoro-l-hexene (CH2 = CHCH2CF2C2F5); 1,1,1,2,2,3,4-heptafluoro-3-hexene (CF3CF2CF = CFC2H5); 4, 5, 5, 5-tetrafluoro-4-trifluoromethyl-1-pentene (CH2 = CHCH2CF (CF3) 2); 1, 1, 1,2, 5, 5, 5-heptafluoro-4-methyl-2-pentene (CF3CF = CHCH (CF3) (CH3)); 1,1,1,3-tetrafluoro-2-trifluoromethyl-2-pentene ((CF3) 2C = CFC2H5); 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tetradecafluoro-2-heptene (CF3CF = CFCF2CF2C2F5); 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tetradecafluoro-3-heptene (CF3CF2CF = CFCF2C2F5); 1,1,1,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoro-2-heptene (CF3CH = CFCF2CF2C2F5); 1,1,1,2,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoro-2-heptene (CF3CF = CHCF2CF2C2F5); 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoro-3-heptene (CF3CF2CH = CFCF2C2F5); 1,1,1,2,2,3,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoro-3-heptene (CF3CF2CF = CHCF2C2F5); CF2 = CFOCF2CF3 (PEVE); CF2 = CFOCF3 (PMVE) and combinations thereof. The method for producing heating or cooling can be used in stationary air conditioning, heat pumps or mobile air conditioning and refrigeration systems. Stationary air conditioning and heat pump applications include chillers, packaged, conduit, non-conduit, window and commercial terminals, including top-packing. The applications of Refrigeration includes domestic or household refrigerators and freezers, ice machines, self-contained chillers and freezers, portable chillers and freezers, and transport refrigeration systems. The compositions of the present invention can additionally be used in air conditioning, heating and cooling systems employing heat exchanger tubes and fins, microchannel heat exchangers and single vertical or horizontal passage tubes or plate type heat exchangers. . Conventional microchannel heat exchangers may not be ideal for the low pressure refrigerant compositions of the present invention. The low pressure and density to operate results in high flow rates and high friction losses in all components. In these cases, the designated evaporator can be modified. Instead of several microchannel plates connected in series (with respect to the refrigerant path) a single plate / single stage heat exchanger configuration can be used. Therefore, a preferred heat exchanger for the heat transfer fluid or coolant compositions of the present invention is a single plate / single stage heat exchanger. The present invention also relates to a process for producing cooling comprising evaporating the compositions of fluoroolefin of the present invention in the vicinity of a body to be cooled, and then the condensation of the compositions. The present invention further relates to a process for producing heat which comprises condensing the fluoroolefin compositions of the present invention in the vicinity of a body to be heated, and then evaporating the compositions. The present invention further relates to a process for producing cooling comprising compressing a composition comprising at least one fluoroolefin in a centrifugal compressor, condensing the composition, and then evaporating the composition in the vicinity of a body to be cooled. Additionally, the centrifugal compressor of the inventive method may be a multi-stage centrifugal compressor and preferably a 2-stage centrifugal compressor. The present invention further relates to a process for producing cooling in a refrigeration apparatus, air conditioner, or heat pump apparatus, wherein the apparatus comprises at least one single plate / single stage heat exchanger, the process it comprises condensing a composition of the present invention, and then evaporating the composition in the vicinity of a body to be cooled. The compositions of the present invention are particularly useful in centrifugal turbine compressors small (centrifugal mini-compressor), which can be used in auto and window air conditioning, heat pumps, or transport refrigeration, as well as other applications. These high-efficiency centrifugal mini-compressors can be driven by an electric motor and can therefore be operated independently of the motor speed. A constant compressor speed allows the system to provide a relatively constant cooling capacity at all engine speeds. This provides an opportunity for efficiency improvements especially at higher engine speeds as compared to a conventional R-134a automobile air conditioning system. When the operating cycle of conventional systems at high handling speeds is taken into account, the advantage of these low pressure systems becomes even greater. Alternatively, instead of using electrical power, the centrifugal mini-compressor may be powered by an engine output gas turbine or an apparatus handling assembly in connection with a belt handling in relation. The electric power available in the current car design is around 14 volts, but the new centrifugal mini-compressor requires electric power of around 50 volts. Therefore, the use of an alternative energy source would be advantageous. A cooling apparatus or air conditioner powered by a turbine of Engine exhaust gas handling is described in detail in the U.S. Patent Application. Serial No. 11 / 367,517, filed March 3, 2006. A refrigeration apparatus or air conditioner powered by an apparatus handling assembly in relation is described in detail in the U.S. Patent Application. Serial No. 11 / 378,832, filed on March 17, 2006. The present invention also relates to a process for producing cooling comprising compressing a composition of the present invention, in a centrifugal mini-compressor powered by a turbine for handling gas outlet engine; condensing the composition; and subsequently evaporating the composition in the vicinity of a body to be cooled. The present invention further relates to a process for producing cooling comprising compressing a composition of the present invention, in a centrifugal mini-compressor powered by an apparatus handling assembly in relation to a belt handling in relation; condensing the composition; and subsequently evaporating the composition in the vicinity of a body to be cooled. The present invention relates to a process for producing cooling in a refrigeration apparatus, air conditioner, or heat pump apparatus, wherein the apparatus comprises at least one single plate / single stage heat exchanger, the process comprises compress a composition of the present invention, in a centrifugal compressor, condensing the composition, and subsequently evaporating the composition in the vicinity of a body to be cooled. The present invention further relates to a method for replacing or replacing a refrigerant composition having a GWP of about 150 or more, or a high GWP refrigerant, with a composition having a lower GWP. One method comprises providing a composition comprising at least one fluoroolefin of the present invention as the substitution. In another embodiment of the present invention, the heat transfer fluid or coolant composition of the present invention, which has a lower GWP than the composition to be replaced or replaced, is introduced into the refrigeration, air conditioning or pump apparatus. hot. In some cases, the high GWP refrigerant present in the apparatus needs to be removed from the apparatus prior to the introduction of the lower GWP compositions. In other cases, the fluoroolefin compositions of the present invention can be introduced into the apparatus while the high GWP refrigerant is present. Global Warming Potentials (GWP) are an index for estimating the contribution of relative global warming due to atmospheric emission of one kilogram of a particular greenhouse gas compared to the emission of a kilogram of carbon dioxide. The GWP can be calculated for different time horizons showing the effect of atmospheric lifetime for a given gas. The GWP for the 100-year time horizon is commonly the reference value. A high GWP refrigerant would be any compound capable of functioning as a heat transfer fluid or refrigerant having a GWP in the 100-year time horizon of about 1000 or greater, alternatively 500 or greater, 150 or greater, 100 or greater, or 50 or greater. The refrigerants and heat transfer fluids that are necessary to replace, based on GWP calculations published by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), include but are not limited to HFC-134a (1, 1 , 1,2-tetrafluoroethane). The present invention provides compositions that have zero or lower ozone removal potential and low global warming potential (GWP). The fluoroolefins of the present invention or mixtures of fluoroolefins of this invention with other refrigerants have global warming potentials that are less than many current hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants in use. Typically, the fluoroolefins of the present invention are expected to have GWP of less than about 25. One aspect of the present invention is to provide a refrigerant with a global warming potential of less than 1000, less than 500, less than 150, less than 100, or less than 50. Another aspect of the present invention is to reduce the pure GWP of refrigerant mixtures by adding fluoroolefins to the mixtures. The present invention further relates to a method for reducing the GWP of a heat transfer fluid or refligerant, the method comprising combining the refrigerant or heat transfer fluid with at least one fluoroolefin of the present invention. In another embodiment, the method for reducing the global warming potential comprises combining the first composition with a composition comprising at least one fluorolefin, to produce a second composition suitable for use as a refrigerant or heat transfer fluid, and wherein the second composition has a lower global warming potential than the first composition. It can be determined that the GWP of a mixture or combination of compounds can be calculated as a heavy average of the GWP for each of the pure compounds. The present invention further relates to a method, of using the composition of the present invention comprising at least one fluoroolefin for a lower global warming potential of an original refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition, the method comprises combining the original coolant or heat transfer fluid composition with the composition of the present invention comprising at least one fluoroolefin, for producing a second coolant or heat transfer fluid composition wherein the second coolant or heat transfer fluid composition has a lower global warming potential than the original coolant or fluid composition of heat transfer. The present invention further relates to a method for reducing the GWP of an original refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition in a refrigeration, air conditioning or heat pump apparatus, wherein the original refrigerant or transfer fluid of heat has a GWP of around 150 or higher; the method comprises introducing a second cooler or lower GWP heat transfer fluid composition of the present invention into the refrigerating, air conditioning or heat pump apparatus. The present method for reducing the GWP of an original refrigerant may further comprise removing the original refrigerant composition or heat transfer fluid composition from the refrigerating apparatus, air conditioner or heat pump before the second refrigerant or transfer fluid Lower GWP heat is introduced. The present invention further relates to a method for replacing an original refrigerant composition or heat transfer fluid composition with a second coolant or heat transfer fluid composition comprising providing a composition of the present invention as the second coolant or heat transfer fluid composition. An original refrigerant can be any refrigerant that is used in a refrigeration, air conditioning or heat pump appliance that needs replacement. The original heat transfer fluid or refrigerant in need of replacement may be any of the hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants, chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, refrigerants, fluoroether refrigerants, or mixtures of refrigerant compounds. The hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants of the present invention that may need replacement include but are not limited to: CHF3 (HFC-23), CH2F2 (HFC-32), CH3F (HFC-41), CHF2CF3 (HFC-125), CHF2CHF2 (HFC -134), CH2FCF3 (HFC-134a), CHF2CH2F (HFC143), CF3CH3 (HFC-143a), CHF2CH3 (HFC-152a), CH2FCH3 (HFC-161), CHF2CF2CF3 (HFC-227ca), CF3CFHCF3 (HFC-227ea) , CHF2CF2CHF2 (HFC-236ca), CH2FCF2CF3 (HFC-236cb), CHF2CHFCF3 (HFC-236ea), CF3CH2CF3 (HFC-236fa), CH2FCF2CHF2 (HFC-245ca), CH3CF2CF3 (HFC-245cb), CHF2CHFCHF2 (HFC-245ea), CH2FCHFCF3 (HFC-245eb), CHF2CH2CF3 (HFC-245fa), CH2FCF2CH2F (HFC-254ca), CH3CF2CHF2 (HFC-254cb), CH2FCHFCHF2 (HFC-254ea), CH3CHFCF3 (HFC-254eb), CHF2CH2CHF2 (HFC-254fa), CH2FCH2CF3 (HFC-254fb), CF3CH2CH3 (HFC- 263fb), CH3CF2CH2F (HFC-263ca), CH3CF2CH3 (HFC-272ca), CH3CHFCH2F (HFC-272ea), CH2FCH2CH2F (HFC-272fa), CH3CH2CF2H (HFC-272fb), CH3CHFCH3 (HFC-281ea), CH3CH2CH2F (HFC-281fa ), CHF2CF2CF2CF2H (HFC-338pcc), CF3CH2CF2CH3 (HFC-365mfc), CF3CHFCHFCF2CF3 (HFC-43- 1 Omee). These hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants are commercially available or can be prepared by methods known in the art. The hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants of the present invention may further comprise the azeotropic, azeotrope and non-azeotropic compositions, including HFC-125 / HFC-143a / HFC-134a (known by the designation ASHRAE, R404 or R404A), HFC-32 / HFC -125 / HFC-134a (known by the designation ASHRAE, R407 or R407A, R407B, or R407C), HFC-32 / HFC-125 (R410 or R410A), and HFC-125 / HFC-143a (known by the designation ASHRAE : R507 or R507A), R413A (a mixture of R134a / R218 / isobutane), R423A (a mixture of R134a / R227ea), R507A (a mixture of R125 / R143a), and others. The chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants of the present invention that may need replacement include R22 (CHF2C1), R123 (CHC12CF3), R124 (CHC1FCF3), R502 (being a mixture of CFC-115 (CC1F2CF3) and R22), R503 (being a mixture of R23 / R13 (CCIF3)), and others. The hydrochlorofluorocarbons of the present invention that may need replacement include R12 (CF2C12), RII (CCI3F), R113 (CC12FCC1F2), R114 (CF2C1CF2C1), R401A or R401B (being mixtures of R22 / R152a / R12), R408A (a mixture of R22 / R125 / R143a), and others. The fluoroether refrigerants of the present invention which may need replacement may comprise hydrofluorocarbon-like compounds, which also contain at least one oxygen atom of the ether group. Fluoroether refrigerants include but are not limited to C4F9OCH3, and C4F9OC2H5 (both commercially available). The original heat transfer fluid or coolant compositions of the present invention which may need replacement may optionally further comprise combinations of coolants containing up to 10 weight percent dimethyl ether, or at least one C3 hydrocarbon to C5, per example, propane, propylene, cyclopropane, n-butane, isobutane, n-pentane, cyclopentane and neopentane (2, 2-dimethylpropane). Examples of refrigerants containing such C3 to C5 hydrocarbons are azeotrope-like compositions of HCFC-22 / HFC-125 / propane (known by the designation ASHRAE, R402 or R402A and R402B), HCFC-22 / octafluoropropane / propane (known by designation ASHRAE, R403 or R403A and R403B), octafluoropropane / HFC-134a / isobutane (known by the designation ASHRAE, R413 or R413A), HCFC-22 / HCFC-124 / HCFC-142b / isobutane (known by the designation ASHRAE, R414 or R414A and R414B), HFC-134a / HCFC-124 / n-butane (known by the designation ASHRAE, R416 or R416A), HFC-125 / HFC-134a / n-butane (known by the designation ASHRAE, R417 or R417A), HFC-125 / HFC-134a / dimethyl ether (known by the designation ASHRAE, R419 or R419A), and HFC-125 / HFC-134a / isobutane (known by the designation ASHRAE, R422, R422A, R422B, R422C, R422D). The present invention furthermore relates to a method for replacing a refrigerant or original heat transfer fluid composition, the original composition being R134a (HFC-134a, 1,1,1-tetrafluoroethane, CF3CH2F) in refrigeration apparatus, air conditioner apparatus, or heat pump apparatus, wherein the method comprises substituting R134a with a second refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of trifluoromethyl trifluorovinyl ether (PMVE). The present invention further relates to a method for replacing an original heat transfer fluid or refrigerant composition, the original composition is R152a (HFC-152a, 1,1-difluoroethane, CHF2CH3) in refrigerating apparatus, air conditioner , or heat pump apparatus, wherein the method comprises replacing R152a with a second refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of E-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (E-HFC-1234 ze), 1,2,3,3,3- pentafluoropropene (HFC-1225ye), 2, 3, 3, 3-tetrafluoropropene (HFC-1234yf), 3, 3, 3-trifluoropropene (HFC-1243zf), and trifluoromethyl trifluorovinyl ether (PMVE). The present invention also relates to a method for replacing R227ea (HFC-227ea, 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane, CF3CHFCF3) in a refrigeration appliance, air conditioner, or pump apparatus of heat, wherein the method comprises providing as a substitute a composition comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of E-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (E-HFC-1234ze), 1, 2, 3 , 3, 3-pentafluoropropene (HFC-1225ye), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFC-1234yf), 3, 3, 3-trifluoropropene (HFC-1243zf), and trifluoromethyl trifluorovinyl ether (PMVE). The present invention further relates to a method for replacing an original heat transfer fluid or refrigerant composition, the original composition is R113 (CFC-113, 1-1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane, CFCI2CF2CI) in a refrigeration apparatus, air conditioner, or heat pump apparatus, wherein the method comprises replacing a second refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of , 1, 1,3,4, 5, 5, 5-octafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene (HFC-152-llmmyyz); 1, 1, 4,4,5,5,5-octafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene (HFC-152-IImmtz); 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,6,6,6- dodecafluoro-3-hexene (HFC-151-12mcy); 1, 1, 1, 3-tetrafluoro-2-butene (HFC-1354mzy); 1, 1, 1, 4, 4, 4-hexafluoro-2, 3-bis (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene (HFC-151-12mmtt); 1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-decafluorocyclohexene (FC-C151-10y); 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-heptafluoro-2-methyl-1-pentene (HFC-1567fts); 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, ß-nonafluoro-l-hexene (PFBE); 4,4,5,5,6,6,6-heptafluoro-2-hexene (HFC-1567szz); 1,1,1,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-decafluoro-2-hexene (F13E); 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene (HFC-151-12mmzz); and 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6-decafluoro-3-hexene (F22E). The present invention further relates to a method for replacing a refrigerant or original heat transfer fluid composition, the original composition is R43-10mee (HFC-43-10mee), 1,1,1,2,3,4, 4,5,5,5-decafluoropentane, CF3CHFCHFCF2CF3) in a refrigeration apparatus, air conditioner, or heat pump apparatus, wherein the method comprises replacing a second refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition comprising minus one compound selected from the group consisting of 1, 1, 1, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5-octafluoro-4 - (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene (HFC-152-llmmyyz); 1,1,1,4,4,5,5,5-octafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene (HFC-152-11 mmtz); 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,6,6,6-dodecafluoro-3-hexene (HFC-151-12mcy); 1, 1, 1, 3-tetrafluoro-2-butene (HFC-1354mzy); 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2, 3-bis (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene (HFC-151-12mmtt); 1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6, β-decafluorooxyhexene (FC-C151-10y); 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-heptafluoro-2-methyl-1-pentene (HFC-1567fts); 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6-nonafluoro-l-hexene (PFBE); 4,4,5,5,6,6,6-heptafluoro-2-hexene (HFC-1567szz); 1,1,1,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-decafluoro-2-hexene (F13E); 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene (HFC-151-12mmzz); and l, 1, l, 2,2,5,5,6,6,6-decafluoro-3-hexene (F22E). The present invention further relates to a method for replacing an original heat transfer fluid or refrigerant composition, the original composition being C4F9OCH3 (perfluorobutyl methyl ester) in a refrigeration apparatus, air conditioner, or pump apparatus. of heat, wherein the method comprises replacing a second refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 1,1,1,3,4,5,5,5-octafluoro- 4- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene (HFC-152-llmmyyz); 1,1,1,4,4,5,5,5,5-octafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene (HFC-152-llmmtz); 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,6,6,6-dodecafluoro-3-hexene (HFC-151-12mcy); 1, 1, 1, 3-tetrafluoro-2-butene (HFC-1354mzy); 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2,3-bis (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene (HFC-151-12mmtt); 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6-decafluorocyclohexene (FC-C151-10y); 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-heptafluoro-2-methyl-1-pentene (HFC-1567fts); 3, 3,, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6-nonafluoro-l-hexene (PFBE); 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6-heptafluoro-2-hexene (HFC-1567szz); 1,1,1,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-decafluoro-2-hexene (F13E); 1,1,1,2,3,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro- - (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene (HFC-151-12mmzz); and 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6-decafluoro-3-hexene (F22E). The present invention further relates to a method for replacing a refrigerant or original heat transfer fluid composition, the original composition is R365mfc (HFC-365mfc, 1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane, C F3CH2C F2CH3) in a refrigeration apparatus, air conditioner, or heat pump apparatus, wherein the method comprises, replacing a second refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 1.1 , 1,3,4,5,5,5-octafluoro- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene (HFC-152-llmmyyz); 1,1,1,4,4,5,5,5-octafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene (HFC-152-1 mmol); 1, 1, 1, 2,2,3,4,5,5,6,6,6-dodecafluoro-3-hexene (HFC-151-12mcy); 1, 1, 1, 3-tetrafluoro-2-butene (HFC-1354mzy); 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2,3-bis (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene (HFC-151-12mmtt); 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6-decafluorocyclohexene (FC-C151-10y); 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-heptafluoro-2-methyl-1-pentene (HFC-1567fts); 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6-nonafluoro-l-hexene (PFBE); 4,4,5,5,6,6,6-heptafluoro-2-hexene (HFC-1567szz); 1,1,1,4,4,5,5,6,6,6,6-decafluoro-2-hexene (F13E); 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene (HFC-151-12mmzz); and 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6-decafluoro-3-hexene (F22E). The present invention further relates to a method for replacing an original heat transfer fluid or refrigerant composition, the original composition is Rll (CFC-11, trichlorofluoromethane, CFC13) in a refrigeration apparatus, air conditioner, or apparatus of heat pump, wherein the method comprises replacing a second refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5 octafluorocyclopentene (FC-C1418y); 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-decafluoro-2-pentene (FC-141-lOmyy); 1, 1, 1, 2, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (HFC-1429myz); 1, 1, 1, 3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (HFC-1429mzy); 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-heptafluoro-l-pentene (HFC-1447fz); 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (FUE); 1, 1, 1, 4, 4, 4-hexafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene (HFC-1429mzt); and 1,1,1,4,4,5,5,5-octafluoro-2-pentene (F12E). The present invention further relates to a method for replacing an original heat transfer fluid or refrigerant composition, the original composition is R123 (HCFC-123, 2, 2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane, CF3CHC12) in a refrigeration appliance, air conditioner, or heat pump apparatus, wherein the method comprises replacing a second refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluorocyclopentene (FC-C1418y); 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-decafluoro-2-pentene (FC-14 l-10myy); 1,1,1,2,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (HFC-1429myz); 1,1,1,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (HFC-1429mzy); 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-heptafluoro-1-pentene (HFC-1447fz); 1, 1, 1, 4, 4, 4-hexafluoro-2-butene (IT WAS); 1,1,1,4,4,4-Hexafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene (HFC-1429mzt); and 1, 1, 1, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-octafluoro-2-pentene (F12E). The present invention also relates to a method for replacing an original heat transfer fluid or refrigerant composition, the original composition is R245fa (HFC-245fa, 1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, CF3CH2CHF2) in an apparatus of refrigeration, air conditioner, or heat pump apparatus, wherein the method comprises replacing a second refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 2, 3, 3 trifluoropropene (HFC-1243yf); 1, 1, 1,, 4, 4-hexafluoro-2-butene (FUE); 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFC-1234ze); 1, 1, 1, 2,, 4, 4-heptafluoro-2-butene (HFC-1327m); 1, 2, 3, 3-tetrafluoropropene (HFC-1234ye); and pentafluoroethyl trifluorovinyl ether (PEVE). The present invention further relates to a method for replacing an original refrigerant composition or heat transfer fluid composition, the original composition is R114 (CFC-114, 1,2-dichloro-1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, CFCI2CF2CI) in a refrigeration apparatus, air conditioner, or heat pump apparatus, wherein the method comprises replacing a second refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of , 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, -octafluoro-2-butene (FC-1318m); 1,2,3,3,4,4-hexafluorocyclobutene (FC-C1316cc); 2, 3, 3,,, -hexafluoro-1-butene (HFC-1336yf); and 3, 3, 4, 4, 4 -pentafluoro-l-butene (HFC-1345fz). The present invention furthermore relates to a method for replacing a refrigerant or original heat transfer fluid composition, the original composition is R236fa (HFC-236fa, 1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, CF3CH2CF3) in a refrigeration apparatus, air conditioner, or heat pump apparatus, wherein the method comprises replacing a second refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 1.1, 1,2,3,4,4,4-octafluoro-2-butene (FC-1318m); 1,2,3,3,4,4-hexafluorocyclobutene (FC-C1316cc); 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4-hexafluoro-l-butene (HFC-1336yf); and 3, 3, 4, 4, 4-pentafluoro-l-butene (HFC-1345fz). The present invention relates to a method for replacing a refrigerant or original heat transfer fluid composition, the original composition is R401A in refrigeration apparatus, air conditioner, or heat pump apparatus, wherein the method comprises replacing a second refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of , 3,3-tetrafluoropropene (E-HFC-1234ze); 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene (HFC-1225ye); 2, 3, 3, 3-tetrafluoropropene (HFC-1234yf); 3, 3, 3-trifluoropropene (HFC-1243zf); and trifluoromethyl trifluorovinyl ether (PMVE). R401A is the ASHRAE designation for a refrigerant mixture containing about 53 weight percent of HCFC-22 (chlorodifluoromethane, CHF2C1), about 13 weight percent of HFC-152a (1,1-difluoroethane, CHF2CH3), and about 34 weight percent HCFC-124 (2-chloro-1,1,1,1-tetrafluoroethane, CF3CHC1F). The present invention further relates to a method for replacing an original heat transfer fluid or refrigerant composition, the original composition is R401B in a refrigeration appliance, air conditioner, or heat pump apparatus, wherein the method comprises replacing a second refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of El, 3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (E-HFC-1234ze); 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene (HFC-1225ye); 2, 3, 3, 3-tetrafluoropropene (HFC-1234yf); 3, 3, 3-trifluoropropene (HFC-1243zf); and ether trifluoromethyl trifluorovinyl (PMVE). R401B is the ASHRAE designation for a refrigerant mixture containing about 61 weight percent of HCFC-22 (chlorodifluoromethane, CHF2CI), about 11 weight percent of HFC-152a (1,1-difluoroethane, CHF2CH3), and about 28 weight percent HCFC-124 (2-chloro-1,1,1,1-tetrafluoroethane, CF3CHC1F). The present invention furthermore relates to a method for replacing an original heat transfer fluid or refrigerant composition, the original composition is R409A in a refrigeration apparatus, air conditioner, or heat pump apparatus, wherein the method comprises replacing a second refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of E-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (E-HFC-1234ze); 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene (HFC-1225ye); 2, 3, 3, 3-tetrafluoropropene (HFC-1234yf); 3, 3, 3-trifluoropropene (HFC-1243zf); and trifluoromethyl trifluorovinyl ether (PMVE). R409A is the ASHRAE designation for a refrigerant mixture containing about 60 weight percent HCFC-22 (chlorodifluoromethane, CHF2C1), about 25 weight percent HCFC-124 (2-chloro-1, 1, 1, 2-tetrafluoroethane, CF3CHCIF), and about 15 weight percent HCFC-142b (1-chloro-l, 1-difluoroethane, CF2CICH3). The present invention also relates to a method for replacing a refrigerant or original heat transfer fluid composition, the original composition is R409B in a refrigeration apparatus, air conditioner, or heat pump apparatus, wherein the method comprises replacing a second refrigerant or fluid composition of heat transfer comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of El, 3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (E-HFC-1234ze); 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene (HFC-1225ye); 2, 3, 3, 3-tetrafluoropropene (HFC-1234yf); 3, 3, 3-trifluoropropene (HFC-1243zf); and trifluoromethyl trifluorovinyl ether (PMVE). R409B is the ASHRAE designation for a refrigerant mixture containing about 65 weight percent HCFC-22 (chlorodifluoromethane, CHF2C1), about 25 weight percent HCFC-124 (2-chloro-1, 1, 1, 2-tetrafluoroethane, CF3CHC1F), and about 10 weight percent HCFC-142b (1-chloro-l, 1-difluoroethane, The present invention further relates to a method for replacing an original heat transfer fluid or refrigerant composition, the original composition is R414B in a refrigeration appliance, air conditioner, or heat pump apparatus, wherein the method it comprises replacing a second refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of El, 3, 3, 3- tetrafluoropropene (E-HFC-1234ze), 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene (HFC-1225ye), 2, 3, 3, 3-tetrafluoropropene (HFC-1234yf), 3,3,3-trifluoropropene (HFC -1243zf), and trifluoromethyl trifluorovinyl ether (PMVE). R414B is the ASHRAE designation for a refrigerant mixture containing about 50 weight percent HCFC-22 (chlorodifluoromethane, CHF2C1), about 39 weight percent HCFC-124 (2-chloro-1, 1, 1, 2-tetrafluoroethane, CF3CHC1F), about 1.5 weight percent isobutane (R600a, CH3CH (CH3) CH3) and about 9.5 weight percent HCFC-142b (1-chloro-l, 1-difluoroethane, CF2C1CH3). The present invention furthermore relates to a method for replacing an original heat transfer fluid or refrigerant composition, the original composition is R416A in a refrigeration apparatus, air conditioner, or heat pump apparatus, wherein the method comprises replacing a second refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of E-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (E-HFC-1234ze); 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene (HFC-1225ye); 2, 3, 3, 3-tetrafluoropropene (HFC-1234yf); 3, 3, 3-trifluoropropene (HFC-1243zf); and trifluoromethyl trifluorovinyl ether (PMVE). R416A is the ASHRAE designation for a refrigerant mixture containing about 59 weight percent of HFC-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, CF3CH2F)), about 39.5 weight percent HCFC-124 (2-chloro-1,1,1, -tetrafluoroethane, CF3CHC1F), and about 1.5 weight percent n-butane (CH3CH2CH2CH3). The present invention furthermore relates to a method for replacing a refrigerant or original heat transfer fluid composition, the original composition is R12 (CFC-12, dichlorodifluoromethane, CF2Cl2) in a refrigeration apparatus, air conditioner, or apparatus of heat pump, wherein the method comprises replacing a second refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 1, 2, 3, 3, 3-pentafluoropropene (HFC-1225ye); 2, 3, 3, 3-tetrafluoropropene (HFC-1234yf); 3,3,3-trifluoropropene (HFC-1243zf); and trifluoromethyl trifluorovinyl ether (PMVE). The present invention further relates to a method for replacing an original heat transfer fluid or refrigerant composition, the original composition is R500 in a refrigeration apparatus, air conditioner, or heat pump apparatus, wherein the method comprises replacing a second refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene (HFC-1225ye); 2, 3, 3, 3-tetrafluoropropene (HFC-1234yf); 3, 3, 3-trifluoropropene (HFC-1243zf); and ether trifluoromethyl trifluorovinyl (PMVE). R500 is the ASHRAE designation for an azeotropic refrigerant mixture containing about 73.8 weight percent R12 ((CFC-12, dichlorodifluoromethane, CF2CI2) and about 26.2 weight percent R152a (HFC-152a, 1, 1- difluoroethane, CHF2CH3) The present invention relates to a method for replacing an original heat transfer fluid or refrigerant composition wherein the original refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition is R134a or R12 and wherein R134a or R12 is they substitute for a second refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition comprising about 1.0 weight percent to about 37 weight percent HFC-32 and about 99 weight percent to about 63 weight percent of HFC-1225ye In another embodiment, the second refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition may comprise about 1.0 weight percent to about 10 weight percent of HFC-32 and about 99 weight percent to about 90 weight percent of HFC-1225ye. The present invention relates to a method for replacing an original heat transfer fluid or refrigerant composition wherein the original refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition R22, R404A, or R410A and wherein the R22, R404A or R410A is they substitute for a second refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition comprising about 1.0 weight percent to about 37 weight percent HFC-32 and about 99 weight percent to about 63 weight percent of HFC-1225ye. In another embodiment, the second refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition may comprise about 20 weight percent to about 37 weight percent HFC-32 and about 80 weight percent to about 63 percent. in weight of HFC-1225ye. The present invention further relates to a method for replacing an original heat transfer fluid or refrigerant composition wherein the original refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition is R22, R404A, or R410A and wherein R22, R404A or R410A are replaced by a second refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition comprising about 20 weight percent to about 95 weight percent HFC-1225ye, about 1.0 weight percent to about 65 percent by weight of HFC-32, and about 1.0 weight percent up to about 40 weight percent HFC-125. In another embodiment, the second refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition comprises about 30 weight percent to about 90 weight percent of HFC-1225ye, about 5.0 percent by weight. weight up to about 55 weight percent HFC-32, and about 1.0 weight percent up to about 35 weight percent HFC-125. In yet another embodiment, the second refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition comprises about 40 weight percent to about 85 weight percent HFC-1225ye, about 10 weight percent to about 45 percent. in weight HFC-32 and about 1.0 weight percent up to about 28 weight percent HFC-125. The present invention relates to a method for replacing an original heat transfer fluid or refrigerant composition wherein the original refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition is R134a or R12 and wherein R134a or R12 is replaced by a second refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition comprising: HFC-1243zf and HFC-1225ye; HFC-1243zf, HFC-1225ye, and HFC-125; HFC-1243zf, HFC-1225ye, and HFC-32; or HFC-1243zf, HFC-1225ye, HFC-125, and HFC-32. In all previously described methods for replacing refrigerants, fluoroolefins can be used to replace the refrigerant in existing equipment. Additionally, fluoroolefins can be used to replace refrigerant in existing equipment designed to use of refrigerant. Additionally, fluoroolefins can be used to replace refrigerant in existing equipment without the need to change or replace the lubricant. The present invention relates to a method for reducing the risk of fire in refrigeration apparatus, air conditioner, or heat pump apparatus, the method comprising introducing a composition of the present invention into the refrigerating apparatus or air conditioning apparatus. . Refrigerant that can escape from the refrigeration appliance, air conditioner, or heat pump apparatus is a major concern when considering flammability. In the event of leaks in a refrigeration appliance or air conditioner, refrigerant and potentially a small amount of lubricant may be released from the system. If this leakage of material comes into contact with an ignition source, a fire may start. Fire risk means the probability that a fire may occur either inside or in the vicinity of a refrigeration appliance, air conditioner, or heat pump appliance. The reduction of fire risk in a refrigeration appliance, air conditioner, or heat pump apparatus may be accomplished by using a refrigerant or heat transfer fluid that is not considered flammable as determined and defined by the methods and standards described hereinabove. Additionally, the nonflammable fluoroolefins of the present invention may be added to a flammable heat transfer fluid or refrigerant, either already in the apparatus or before being added to the apparatus. The non-flammable fluoroolefins of the present invention reduce the likelihood of a fire in the event of a leak and / or reduce the degree of fire risk by reducing the temperature or size of any flame produced. The present invention further relates to a method for reducing the risk of fire in or in the vicinity of a refrigeration appliance, air conditioner, or heat pump apparatus, the method comprising combining at least one non-flammable fluoroolefin with a flammable refrigerant and introduce the combination in a refrigeration appliance, air conditioner, or heat pump apparatus. The present invention further relates to a method for reducing fire risk in or in the vicinity of a refrigeration appliance, air conditioner, or heat pump apparatus, the method comprising combining at least one nonflammable fluoroolefin with a lubricant and introducing the combination into the refrigeration appliance, air conditioner, or heat pump apparatus comprising flammable refrigerant. The present invention also relates to a method for reducing fire risk in or in the vicinity of a refrigeration appliance, air conditioner, or heat pump apparatus, the method comprising introducing at least one fluoroolefin into the apparatus. The present invention further relates to a method for using a flammable refrigerant in a refrigeration appliance, air conditioner, or heat pump apparatus, the method comprising combining the flammable refrigerant with at least one fluoroolefin. The present invention further relates to a method for reducing the flammability of a flammable heat transfer fluid or coolant, the method comprising combining the flammable refrigerant with at least one fluoroolefin. The present invention further relates to a process for transferring heat from a heat source to a heat sink wherein the compositions of the present invention serve as heat transfer fluids. The process for transferring heat comprises transporting the compositions of the present invention from a heat source to a heat sink. Heat transfer fluids are used to transfer, move or remove heat from a space, location, object or body to a different space, location, object or body by radiation, driving, or convection. A heat transfer fluid can function as a secondary refrigerant by providing means for the transfer of cooling (or heating) from a remote cooling (or heating) system. In some systems, the heat transfer fluid can remain in a constant state throughout the transfer process (that is, it does not evaporate or condensate). Alternatively, evaporative cooling processes can use heat transfer fluids. A heat source can be defined as any space, location, object or body from which it is desirable to transfer, move or remove heat. Examples of heat sources can be spaces (open or closed) that require cooling or cooling, such as cooler or freezer cases in supermarkets, building spaces that require air conditioning, or the passenger compartment of a car that requires air conditioning. . A heat sink can be defined as any space, location, object or body capable of absorbing heat. A vapor compression refrigeration system is an example of such a heat sink.

EXAMPLES EXAMPLE 1 Performance Data Table 7 shows the cooling performance, such as pressure in the evaporator (Evap) and condenser (Cond), discharge temperature (T desc), energy efficiency (COP), and capacity (Cap), for compounds of the present invention compared to CFC-113, HFC -43-10mee, C4F9OCH3, and HFC-365mfc. The data is based on the following conditions. Evaporator temperature 40.0 ° F (4.4 ° C) Condenser temperature 110.0 ° F (43.3 ° C) Subcooling temperature 10.0 ° F (5.5 ° C) Return gas temperature 75.0 ° F (23.8 ° C) Compressor efficiency is 70% Table 7 EXAMPLE 2 Performance Data Table 8 shows the cooling performance, such as pressure in the evaporator (Evap) and condenser (Cond), discharge temperature (T desc), energy efficiency (COP), and capacity (Cap), for compounds of the present invention compared to CFC-11 and HCFC-123. The data is based on the following conditions. Evaporator temperature 40.0 ° F (4.4 ° C) Condenser temperature 110.0 ° F (43.3 ° C) Sub-refrigeration temperature 10.0 ° F (5.5 ° C) Return gas temperature 75.0 ° F (23.8 ° C) Compressor efficiency is 70% TABLE 8 EXAMPLE 3 Performance Data Table 9 shows the cooling performance, such as pressure in the evaporator (Evap) and condenser (Cond), discharge temperature (T desc), energy efficiency (COP), and capacity (Cap), for compounds of the present invention compared to HFC-245fa. The data is based on the following conditions. Evaporator temperature 40.0 ° F (4.4 ° C) Condenser temperature 110.0 ° F (43.3 ° C) Sub-refrigeration temperature 10.0 ° F (5.5 ° C) Return gas temperature 75.0 ° F (23.8 ° C) Compressor efficiency is 70% TABLE 9 EXAMPLE 4 Performance Data Table 10 shows the cooling performance, such as pressure in the evaporator (Evap) and condenser (Cond), discharge temperature (T desc), energy efficiency (COP), and capacity (Cap), for compounds of the present invention compared to CFC-114 and HFC-236fa. The data is based on the following conditions. Evaporator temperature 40.0 ° F (4.4 ° C) Condenser temperature 110.0 ° F (43.3 ° C) Sub-refrigeration temperature 10.0 ° F (5.5 ° C) Return gas temperature 75.0 ° F (23.8 ° C) Compressor efficiency is 70% Table 10 EXAMPLE 5 Performance Data Table 11 shows the cooling performance, such as pressure in the evaporator (Evap) and condenser (Cond), discharge temperature (T dec), energy efficiency (COP), and capacity (Cap), for compounds of the present invention compared to HFC-134a, HFC-152a, and HFC-227ea. The data is based on the following conditions. Evaporator temperature 40.0 ° F (4.4 ° C) Condenser temperature 110.0 ° F (43.3 ° C) Subcooling temperature 10.0 ° F (5.5 ° C) Return gas temperature 75.0 ° F (23.8 ° C) Compressor efficiency is 70% Table 11 EXAMPLE 6 Flammability Flammable compounds can be identified by tests under ASTM (American Society of Testing and Materials) E681-01, with an electronic ignition source. Such flammability tests were carried out in compositions of the present disclosure at 101 kPa (14.7 psia [1.033 kg / cm2]), 50 percent of relative humidity, and the indicated temperature, in various concentrations in air in order to determine if it is flammable and if it is, to find the lower flammability limit (LFL for its acronym in English). The results are given in Table 12.

TABLE 12 The results indicate that HFC-1234yf and E-HFC-1234ze are flammable, while HFC-1225ye, HFC-1429myz / mzy, and F12E are non-flammable. For mixtures of HFC-1225ye and HFC-32 (which are known to be flammable in the pure state) it has been determined that 37 weight percent of HFC-32 is the maximum amount that can be presented to maintain the non-flammable characteristic. Those compositions comprising fluoroolefins that are not Flammables are more acceptable candidates as refrigerant or heat transfer fluid compositions.

EXAMPLE 7 Peak Speed for Developed Pressure Top speed can be estimated by making some fundamental relationships for refrigeration equipment that use centrifugal compressors. The impeller torque ideally imparted to a gas is defined as T = m * (v2 * r2-Vi * ri) Equation 1 where T = torque, Newton meters m = mass of flow ratio, kg / sec v2 = tangential velocity of coolant leaving the impeller (top speed), meters / sec r2 = impeller output radius, meters Vi = tangential coolant speed entering the impeller, meters / sec ri = impeller input radius, meters Assuming the coolant enters in the impeller in an essentially axial direction, the tangential component of the velocity vi = 0, therefore T = m * v2 * r2 Equation 2 The energy required in the shaft is the product of the torque and the rotational speed P =? *? Equation 3 where P = energy, W? = angular velocity, radians / s therefore, P = T * w = m * v2 * r2 *? Equation 4 At low coolant flow ratios, the tip speed of the impeller and the tangential velocity of the coolant are almost identical; therefore r2 * co = V2 Equation 5 and P = m * V2 * v2 Equation 6 Another expression for the ideal power is the product of the flow relation mass and the isentropic compression work, P = m * Hi * ( 1000J / kJ) Equation 7 where Hi = Difference in enthalpy of the refrigerant of a saturated vapor in the evaporated conditions for saturated condensing conditions, kJ / kg. Combining the two expressions of Equation 6 and 7 produces, v2 * v2 = 1000 * ¾ Equation 8 Although Equation 8 is based on some fundamental assumptions, it provides a good estimate of the tip speed of the impeller and provides an important means to compare tip speeds of refrigerants.

Table 13 below shows theoretical peak rates that are calculated for 1,2,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane (CFC-113) and compositions of the present invention. The conditions assumed for this comparison are: Evaporator temperature 40.0 ° F (4.4 ° C) Condenser temperature 110.0 ° F (43.3 ° C) Liquid subcooled temperature 10.0 ° F (5.5 ° C) Return gas temperature 75.0 ° F (23.8 ° C) Compressor efficiency is 70% These are typical conditions under which small turbine centrifugal compressors perform. TABLE 13 The example shows that the compounds of the present invention have peak speeds within about 15 percent of CFC-113 and would be effective replacements for CFC-113 with minimal compressor design changes. The most preferred compositions have top speeds within about 10 times percent of CFC-113.

EXAMPLE 8 Refrigeration Performance Data Table 14 shows the performance of various refrigerant compositions of the present invention compared to HFC-134a. In Table 14, Pres Evap is evaporator pressure, Pres Cond is condenser pressure, T desc Comp is compressor discharge temperature, COP is energy efficiency, and CAP is capacity. The data is based on the following conditions. Evaporator temperature 40.0 ° F (4.4 ° C) Condenser temperature 130.0 ° F (54.4 ° C) Amount of subcooling 10.0 ° F (5.5 ° C) Return gas temperature 60.0 ° F (15.6 ° C) Compressor efficiency is 100% Note that superheating is included in the cooling capacity. TABLE 14 Several compositions have even more energy efficiency (COP) than HFC-134a while maintaining lower and equivalent discharge pressures and temperatures. The capacity for the compositions listed in Table 14 are also similar to R134a, indicating that these compositions could be replacement refrigerants for R134a in refrigeration and air conditioning, and in mobile air conditioning applications in particular. The results also show cooling capacity of HFC-1225ye, can be improved with the addition of other compounds such as HFC-32.

EXAMPLE 9 Refrigeration Performance Data Table 15 shows the performance of various refrigerant compositions of the present invention compared to R404A and R422A. In Table 15, Pres Evap is evaporator pressure, Pres Cond is condenser pressure, T desc Comp is compressor discharge temperature, EER is energy efficiency, and CAP is capacity. The data is based on the following conditions. Evaporator temperature -17.8 ° C Condenser temperature 46.1 ° C Sub-refrigeration quantity 5.5 ° C Return gas temperature 15.6 ° C Compressor efficiency is 70% Note that superheating is included in cooling capacity. TABLE 15 Several compositions have high energy efficiency (EER) comparable to R404A and R422A. The discharge temperatures are also lower than R404A and R507A. The capacity for the compositions listed in Table 15 is also similar to R404A, R507A, and R422A, indicating that these compositions could be replacement refrigerants for R404A, R507A, or R422A in refrigeration and air conditioning.

EXAMPLE 10 Refrigeration Performance Data Table 16 shows the performance of various refrigerant compositions of the present invention as compared to HCFC-22 and R410A. In Table 16, Pres Evap is evaporator pressure, Pres Cond is condenser pressure, T desc Comp is compressor discharge temperature, EER is energy efficiency, and CAP is capacity. The data is based on the following conditions. Evaporator temperature 4 ° C Condenser temperature 43 ° C Subcooling amount 6 ° C Return gas temperature 18 ° C Compressor efficiency is 70% Note that superheating is included in the cooling capacity. TABLE 16 The compositions have energy efficiency (EER) comparable to R22 and R410A while maintaining reasonable discharge temperatures. The capacity for certain compositions listed in Table 16 is similar also to R22 which indicates that these compositions could be replacement refrigerants for R22 in refrigeration and air conditioning. Additionally, there are compositions listed in Table 16 with approximately or equivalent capacity to R410A which indicates that those compositions could be replacement refrigerants for R410A in refrigeration and air conditioning.

EXAMPLE 11 Refrigeration Performance Data Table 17 shows the performance of various refrigerant compositions of the present invention compared to HCFC-22, R410A, R407C, and R417A. In Table 17, Pres Evap is evaporator pressure, Pres Cond is condenser pressure, T desc Comp is compressor discharge temperature, EER is energy efficiency, and CAP is capacity. The data is based on the following conditions. Evaporator temperature 4.4 ° C Condenser temperature 54.4 ° C Subcooling amount 5.5 ° C Return gas temperature 15.6 ° C Compressor efficiency is 100% Note that superheating is included in the cooling capacity. TABLE 17 The compositions have energy efficiency (EER) comparable to R22, R407C, R417A, and R410A while maintaining low discharge temperature. The capacity for the compositions listed in Table 17 is also similar to R22, R407C and R417A which indicates that these compositions could be replacement refrigerants for R22, R407C or R417A in refrigeration and air conditioning. It is noted that in relation to this date, the best method known to the applicant to carry out the aforementioned invention, is that which is clear from the present description of the invention.

Claims

CLAIMS Having described the invention as above, the content of the following claims is claimed as property: 1. A refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition, characterized in that it comprises a compound selected from the group consisting of: (i) fluoroolefins of the formula E- or Z-R1CH = CHR2, wherein R1 and R2 are, independently, Ci perfluoroalkyl groups up to < Zs, and where the total number of carbons in the compound is at least 5; (ii) cyclic fluoroolefins of the formula cyclo- [CX = CY (CZW) n-], wherein X, Y, Z, and, independently, are H or F, and n is an integer from 2 to 5; and (iii) fluoroolefins selected from the group consisting of: 2,3,3-trifluoro-l-propene (CHF 2 CF = CH 2); 1, 1, 2-trifluoro-1-propene (CH3CF = CF2); 1, 2, 3-trifluoro-l-propene (CH2FCF = CF2); 1, 1, 3-trifluoro-l-propene (CH2FCH = CF2); 1, 3, 3-trifluoro-1-propene (CHF2CH = CHF); 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4-octafluoro-2-butene (CF3CF = CFCF3); 1,1,2,3,3,4,4, 4-octafluoro-l-butene (CF3CF2CF = CF2); 1,1, 1, 2, 4, 4, 4-heptafluoro-2-butene (CF3CF = CHCF3); 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4-heptafluoro-l-butene (CHF = CFCF2CF3); 1,1,1,2,3,4,4-heptafluoro-2-butene (CHF2CF = CFCF3); 1, 3, 3, 3-tetrafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -1- propene ((CF3) 2C = CHF); 1, 1, 3, 3, 4,, -heptafluoro-l-butene (CF2 = CHCF2CF3); 1, 1,2,3, 4, 4, 4-heptafluoro-l-butene (CF2 = CFCHFCF3); 1, 1,2, 3, 3, 4, 4-heptafluoro-l-butene (CF2 = CFCF2CHF2); 2,3,3,4,4,4-hexafluoro-l-butene (CF3CF2CF = CH2); 1, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4-hexafluoro-l-butene (CHF = CHCF2CF3); 1,2,3,4,4,4-hexafluoro-l-butene (CHF = CFCHFCF3); 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4-hexafluoro-l-butene (CHF = CFCF2CHF2); 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CHF2CF = CFCHF2); 1,1,1,2,3,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CH2FCF = CFCF3); 1, 1, 1, 2, 4, 4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CHF2CH = CFCF3); 1, 1, 1, 3, 4, 4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CF3CH = CFCHF2); 1,1,2,3,3,4-hexafluoro-l-butene (CF2 = CFCF2CH2F); 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, -hexafluoro-l-butene (CF2 = CFCHFCHF2); 3, 3, 3-trifluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -1-propene (CH2 = C (CF3) 2); 1, 1, 1, 2, 4-pentafluoro-2-butene (CH2FCH = CFCF3); 1,1,1,3,4-pentafluoro-2-butene (CF3CH = CFCH2F); 3, 3, 4, 4, 4-pentafluoro-l-butene (CF3CF2CH = CH2); 1,1,1,4,4-pentafluoro-2-butene (CHF2CH = CHCF3); 1, 1, 1, 2, 3-pentafluoro-2-butene (CH3CF = CFCF3); 2, 3, 3, 4, 4-pentafluoro-l-butene (CH2 = CFCF2CHF2); 1, 1, 2, 4, 4-pentafluoro-2-butene (CHF2CF = CHCHF2); 1, 1, 2, 3, 3-pentafluoro-l-butene (CH3CF2CF = CF2); 1, 1, 2, 3, -pentafluoro-2-butene (CH2FCF = CFCHF2); 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoro-2-methyl-1-propene (CF 2 = C (CF 3) (CH 3)); 2- (difluoromethyl) -3,3,3-trifluoro-l-propene (CH2 = C (CHF2) (CF3)); 2, 3, 4, 4, 4-pentafluoro-l-butene (CH2 = CFCHFCF3); 1,2,4,4,4-pentafluoro-l-butene (CHF = CFCH2CF3); 1, 3, 4, 4, 4-pentafluoro-1-butene (CHF = CHCHFCF3); 1, 3, 3, 4, 4-pentafluoro-l-butene (CHF = CHCF2CHF2); 1,2,3, 4, 4-pentafluoro-l-butene (CHF = CFCHFCHF2); 3,3,4,4-tetrafluoro-l-butene (CH2 = CHCF2CHF2); 1, 1-difluoro-2- (difluoromethyl) -1-propene (CF2 = C (CHF2) (CH3)); 1, 3, 3, 3-tetrafluoro-2-methyl-1-propene (CHF = C (CF3) (CH3)); 3,3-difluoro-2- (difluoromethyl) -1-propene (CH2 = C (CHF2) 2); 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoro-2-butene (CF3CF = CHCH3); 1,1,1,1-tetrafluoro-2-butene (CH3CF = CHCF3); 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-decafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CF = CFCF2CF3); 1, 1,2,3,3,4,4, 5, 5, 5-decafluoro-l-pentene (CF2 = CFCF2CF2CF3); 1, 1, 1, 4, 4, 4-hexafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene ((CF3) 2C = CHCF3); 1, 1, 1, 2, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CF = CHCF2CF3); 1,1,1,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CH = CFCF2CF3); 1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-l-pentene (CHF = CFCF2CF2CF3); 1,1,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-l-pentene (CF2 = CHCF2CF2CF3); 1,1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-nonafluoro-l-pentene (CF2 = CFCF2CF2CHF2); 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CHF2CF = CFCF2CF3); 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CF = CFCF2CHF2); 1,1,1,2,3,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CF = CFCHFCF3); 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4-hexafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CHF = CFCF (CFs) 2); 1, 1, 2, 4, 4, 4-hexafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CF2 = CFCH (CF3) 2); 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene (CF3CH = C (CF3) 2); 1,1,3,4,4, -hexafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CF2 = CHCF (CF3) 2); 2,3,3,4,4,5,5, 5-octafluoro-l-pentene (CH2 = CFCF2CF2CF3); 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5-octafluoro-l-pentene (CHF = CFCF2CF2CHF2); 3,3,4,4, 4-pentafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -1- butene (CH2 = C (CF3) CF2CF3); 1, 1, 4, 4, 4-pentafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CF2 = CHCH (CF3) 2); 1,3,4,4,4-pentafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CHF = CHCF (CF3) 2); 1,1,4,4, 4-pentafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CF2 = C (CF3) CH2CF3); 3, 4, 4, 4-tetrafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene ((CF3) 2CFCH = CH2); 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-heptafluoro-l-pentene (CF3CF2CF2CH = CH2); 2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-heptafluoro-l-pentene (CH2 = CFCF2CF2CHF2); 1,1,3,3,5,5,5-heptafluoro-l-butene (CF2 = CHCF2CH2CF3); 1, 1, 1, 2, 4, 4, 4-heptafluoro-3-methyl-2-butene (CF3CF = C (CF3) (CH3)); 2,4,4,4 -tetrafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CH 2 = CFCH (CF 3) 2); 1, 4, 4, 4-tetrafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CHF = CHCH (CF3) 2); 1,1,1,4-tetrafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene (CH2FCH = C (CF3) 2); 1,1,1,3-tetrafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene (CH 3 CF = C (CF 3) 2); 1,1, 1-trifluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene ((CF3) 2C = CHCH3); 3,4,4,5,5, 5-hexafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CF2CF = CHCH3); 1, 1, 1, 4, 4, 4-hexafluoro-2-methyl-2-butene (CF3C (CH3) = CHCF3); 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5-hexafluoro-1-pentene (CH2 = CHCF2CHFCF3); 4, 4, 4 -trifluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CH2 = C (CF3) CH2CF3); 1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6-dodecafluoro-1-hexene (CF3 (CF2) 3CF = CF2); 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,6,6,6-dodecafluoro-3-hexene (CF3CF2CF = CFCF2CF3); 1, 1, 1, 4, 4, 4-hexafluoro-2, 3-bis (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene ((CF3) 2C = C (CF3) 2); 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene ((CF3) 2CFCF = CFCF3); 1, 1, 1, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-octafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene ((CF3) 2C = CHC2F5); 1,1,1,3,4,5,5,5-octafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene ((CF3) 2CFCF = CHCF3); 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-nonafluoro-l-hexene (CF3CF2CF2CF2CH = CH2); 4,4,4-trifluoro-3,3-bis (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CH2 = CHC (CF3) 3); 1, 1, 1, 4, 4, -hexafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -3-methyl-2-butene ((CF3) 2C = C (CH3) (CF3)); 2, 3, 3, 5, 5, 5-hexafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -1-pentene (CH2 = CFCF2CH (CF3) 2); 1,1,1,2,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-3-methyl-2-pentene (CF3CF = C (CH3) CF2CF3); 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene (CF3CH = CHCH (CF3) 2); 3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-octafluoro-2-hexene (CF3CF2CF2CF = CHCH3); 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-octafluoro hexene (CH2 = CHCF2CF2CF2CHF2); 1,1,1,4,4-pentafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene ((CF3) 2C = CHCF2CH3); 4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -1-pentene (CH2 = C (CF3) CH2C2F5); 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-heptafluoro-2-methyl-l-pentene (CF3CF2CF2C (CH3) = CH2); 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6-heptafluoro-2-hexene (CF3CF2CF2CH = CHCH3); 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6-heptafluoro-l-hexene (CH2 = CHCH2CF2C2F5); 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4 -heptafluoro-3-hexene (CF3CF2CF = CFC2H5); 4,5,5,5-tetrafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -1-pentene (CH 2 = CHCH 2 CF (CF 3) 2); 1, 1, 1, 2, 5, 5, 5-heptafluoro-4-methyl-2-pentene (CF3CF = CHCH (CF3) (CH3)); 1,1,1,3-tetrafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene ((CF3) 2C = CFC2H5); 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tetradecafluoro-2-hepteno (CF3CF = CFCF2CF2C2F5); 1, 1.1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7,7,7-tetradecafluoro-3-heptene (CF3CF2CF = CFCF2C2F5); 1,1,1,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoro-2-heptene (CF3CH = CFCF2CF2C2F5); 1,1,1,2,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoro-2-heptene (CF3CF = CHCF2CF2C2F5); 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoro-3-heptene (CF3CF2CH = CFCF2C2F5); 1,1,1,2,2,3,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoro-3-heptene (CF3CF2CF = CHCF2C2F5); CF2 = CFOCF2CF3 (PEVE) and CF2 = CFOCF3 (PMVE).
2. A composition characterized in that it comprises: (i) at least one fluoroolefin compound; and (ii) at least one flammable refrigerant; wherein the fluoroolefin is selected from the group consisting of: (a) fluoroolefins of the formula E- or Z-R 1 CH = CHR 2, wherein R 1 and R 2 are, independently, C 1 to C 6 perfluoroalkyl groups; (b) cyclic fluoroolefins of the formula cyclo- [CX = C Y (CZW) n-], wherein X, Y, Z, and W, independently, are H or F, and n is an integer from 2 to 5; and (c) fluoroolefins selected from the group consisting of: 1, 2, 3, 3, 3-pentafluoro-l-propene (CF3CF = CHF); 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoro-l-propene (CF3CH = CF2); 1, 1, 2, 3, 3-pentafluoro-l-propene (CHF2CF = CF2); 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4-octafluoro-2-butene (CF3CF = CFCF3); 1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4-octafluoro-l-butene (CF3CF2CF = CF2); 1, 1, 1, 2, 4, 4, 4-heptafluoro-2-butene (CF3CF = CHCF3); 1,2,3,3,4, 4, 4-heptafluoro-l-butene (CHF = CFCF2CF3); 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4-heptafluoro-2-butene (CHF2CF = CFCF3); 1, 3, 3, 3-tetrafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -1-propene ((CF3) 2C = CHF); 1, 1, 3, 3,, 4, 4-heptafluoro-l-butene (CF2 = CHCF2CF3); 1,1,2,3,4,4, 4-heptafluoro-l-butene (CF2 = CFCHFCF3); 1,1,2,3, 3, 4, 4-heptafluoro-l-butene (CF2 = CFCF2CHF2); 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, -hexafluoro-l-butene (CF3CF2CF = CH2); 1, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4-hexafluoro-l-butene (CHF = CHCF2CF3); 1,2,3,4,4,4-hexafluoro-l-butene (CHF = CFCHFCF3); 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4-hexafluoro-l-butene (CHF = CFCF2CHF2); 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CHF2CF = CFCHF2); 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CH2FCF = CFCF3); 1, 1, 1, 2, 4, 4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CHF2CH = CFCF3); 1, 1, 1, 3, 4, 4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CF3CH = CFCHF2); 1,1,2,3,3,4-hexafluoro-l-butene (CF2 = CFCF2CH2F); 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4-hexafluoro-l-butene (CF2 = CFCHFCHF2); 3, 3, 3-trifluoro-2- (tri fluoromethyl) -1-propene (CH2 = C (CF3) 2); 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-decafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CF = CFCF2CF3); 1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-decafluoro-l-pentene (CF2 = CFCF2CF2CF3); 1,1,1,4,4, 4-hexafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene ((CF3) 2C = CHCF3); 1, 1, 1, 2, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CF = CHCF2CF3) 1,1,1,3,4,4,5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-2- pentene (CF3CH = CFCF2CF3); 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-l-pentene (CHF = CFCF2CF2CF3); 1, 1, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-l-pentene (CF2 = CHCF2CF2CF3); 1, 1,2, 3,3, 4, 4, 5, 5-nonafluoro-l-pentene (CF2 = CFCF2CF2CHF2); 1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CHF2CF = CFCF2CF3); 1, 1, 1,2,3,4, 4, 5, 5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CF = CFCF2CHF2); 1,1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CF = CFCHFCF3); 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4-hexafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1- butene (CHF = CFCF (CF3) 2); 1, 1, 2, 4, 4, 4-hexafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CF2 = CFCH (CF3) 2); 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene (CF3CH = C (CF3) 2); 1,1,3,4,4, 4-hexafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CF2 = CHCF (CF3) 2); 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-octafluoro-1-pentene (CH2 = CFCF2CF2CF3); 1,2,3,3, 4, 4, 5, 5-octafluoro-l-pentene (CHF = CFCF2CF2CHF2); 3,3,4,4, 4-pentafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CH2 = C (CF3) CF2CF3); 1, 1, 4, 4, 4-pentafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CF2 = CHCH (CF3) 2); 1,3,4,4,4-pentafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CHF = CHCF (CF3) 2); 1, 1, 4, 4, 4-pentafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CF2 = C (CF3) CH2CF3); 3, 4, 4, 4-tetrafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene ((CF3) 2CFCH = CH2); 3, 3,,, 5, 5, 5-heptafluoro-l-pentene (CF3CF2CF2CH = CH2); 2,3,3,4,4,5,5-heptafluoro-l-pentene (CH2 = CFCF2CF2CHF2); 1, 1, 3, 3, 5, 5, 5-heptafluoro-l-butene (CF2 = CHCF2CH2CF3); 1,1, 1, 2, 4, 4, 4-heptafluoro-3-methyl-2-butene (CF3CF = C (CF3) (CH3)); 2, 4, 4, 4-tetrafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CH2 = CFCH (CF3) 2); 1, 4, 4, 4-tetrafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CHF = CHCH (CF3) 2); 1,1,1,4-tetrafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene (CH2FCH = C (CF3) 2); 1,1,1,3-tetrafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene (CH 3 CF = C (CF 3) 2); 1,1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-dodecafluoro-l-hexene (CF 3 (CF 2) 3 CF = CF 2); 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,6,6,6-dodecafluoro-3-hexene (CF3CF2CF = CFCF2CF3); 1, 1, 1, 4, 4, 4-hexafluoro-2, 3-bis (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene ((CF3) 2C = C (CF3) 2); 1,1,1,2,3,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene ((CF3) 2CFCF = CFCF3); 1,1,1,4,4,5,5,5-octafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene ((CF3) 2C = CHC2F5); 1,1,1,3,4,5,5,5-octafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene ((CF3) 2CFCF = CHCF3); 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6-nonafluoro-l-hexene (CF3CF2CF2CF2CH = CH2); 4, 4, 4-trifluoro-3, 3-bis (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CH2 = CHC (CF3) 3); 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -3-methyl-2-butene ((CF 3) 2 C = C (CH 3) (CF 3)); 2, 3, 3, 5, 5, 5-hexafluoro-4 - (trifluoromethyl) -1-pentene (CH2 = CFCF2CH (CF3) 2); 1,1,1,2,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-3-methyl-2-pentene (CF3CF = C (CH3) CF2CFs); 1,1, 1, 5, 5, 5-hexafluoro-4 - (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene (CF3CH = CHCH (CF3) 2); 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tetradecafluoro-2-heptene (CF3CF = CFCF2CF2C2F5); 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tetradecafluoro-3-heptene (CF3CF2CF = CFCF2C2F5); 1,1,1,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoro-2-heptene (CF3CH = CFCF2CF2C2F5); 1,1,1,2,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoro-2-heptene (CF3CF = CHCF2CF2C2F5); 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoro-3-heptene (CF3CF2CH = CFCF2C2F5); and 1,1,1,2,2,3,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoro-3-hepteno (CF3CF2CF = CHCF2C2F5).
3. The composition according to claim 2, characterized in that the flammable refrigerant is selected from the group consisting of hydrofluorocarbons, fluoroethers, hydrocarbon ethers, hydrocarbons, ammonia, and combinations thereof.
The composition according to claim 3, characterized in that the flammable refrigerant is selected from the group consisting of: difluoromethane (HFC-32); fluoromethane (HFC-41); 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HFC-143a); 1,1,2-trifluoroethane (HFC-143); 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a); fluoroethane (HFC-161); 1,1,1-trifluoropropane (HFC-263fb); 1, 1, 1, 3, 3-pentafluorobutane (HFC-365mfc); 1, 2, 3, 3-tetrafluoro-l-propene (HFC-1234ye); 1, 3, 3, 3-tetrafluoro-l-propene (HFC-1234ze); 2, 3, 3, 3-tetrafluoro-l-propene (HFC-1234yf); 1,1,2,3-tetrafluoro-l-propene (HFC-1234yc); 1, 1, 3, 3-tetrafluoro-l-propene (HFC-1234zc); 2, 3, 3-trifluoro-l-propene (HFC-1243yf); 3, 3, 3-trifluoro-l-propene (HFC-1243zf); 1, 1, 2-trifluoro-l-propene (HFC-1243yc); 1, 1, 3-trifluoro-l-propene (HFC-1243zc); 1, 2, 3-trifluoro-l-propene (HFC-1243ye); and 1, 3, 3-trifluoro-l-propene (HFC-1243ze) C4F9OC2H5; propane; propylene; cyclopropane; n-butane; isobutane; n-pentane; 2-methylbutane; 2, 2-dimethylpropane; cyclopentane, cyclobutane; 2,2-dimethylbutane; 2,3-dimethylbutane; 2, 3-dimethylpentane; 2-methylhexane; 3-methylhexane; 2-methylpentane; 3-ethylpentane; 3-methylpentane; cyclohexane; n-heptane; methylcyclopentane; n-hexane; dimethyl ether; methyl t-butyl ether; ammonia, and combinations thereof.
5. The composition according to claim 4, characterized in that it comprises: about 63 weight percent to about 99 weight percent of HFC-1225ye and about 37 weight percent to about 1.0 weight percent of HFC-32; about 20 weight percent to about 95 weight percent HFC-1225ye, about 1.0 weight percent to about 65 weight percent HFC-32, and about 1.0 weight percent to about 40 weight percent HFC-125; about 1.0 weight percent to about 99 weight percent of HFC-1243zf and about 99 weight percent to about 1.0 weight percent of HFC-1225ye; about 1.0 weight percent to about 98 weight percent of HFC-1243zf; about 1.0 weight percent to about 98 weight percent of HFC-1225ye; and about 1.0 weight percent to about 50 weight percent HFC-125; about 1.0 weight percent to about 98 weight percent of HFC-1243zf; about 1.0 weight percent to about 98 weight percent of HFC-1225ye; and about 1.0 weight percent to about 50 weight percent HFC-32; or about 1.0 weight percent up to about 97 weight percent of HFC-1243zf; about 1.0 percent by weight to about 97 percent by weight of HFC- 1225ye; about 1.0 percent by weight to about 50 percent by weight of HFC-125; and about 1.0 weight percent to about 50 weight percent of HFC-32.
The composition according to claim 5, characterized in that it comprises: about 90 weight percent up to about 99 weight percent HFC-1225ye and about 10 weight percent up to about 1.0 weight percent of HFC-32; about 30 weight percent to about 90 weight percent HFC-1225ye, about 5.0 weight percent to about 55 weight percent HFC-32, and about 1.0 weight percent to about of 35 weight percent HFC-125; about 40 weight percent up to about 70 weight percent HFC-1243zf and about 60 weight percent up to about 30 weight percent HFC-1225ye; about 40 weight percent up to about 70 weight percent of HFC-1243zf; about 20 weight percent to about 60 weight percent of HFC-1225ye; and about 1.0 weight percent to about 10 weight percent of HFC-125; about 40 weight percent up to about 70 weight percent of HFC-1243zf; around 20 percent by weight up to about 60 weight percent of HFC-1225ye; and about 1.0 weight percent to about 10 weight percent of HFC-32; or about 40 weight percent up to about 70 weight percent of HFC-1243zf; about 20 weight percent to about 60 weight percent of HFC-1225ye; and about 1.0 weight percent to about 10 weight percent of HFC-125; and about 1.0 weight percent to about 10 weight percent of HFC-32.
The composition according to claim 5, characterized in that it comprises: about 63 weight percent up to about 80 weight percent HFC-1225ye and about 37 weight percent up to about 20 weight percent of HFC-32; or about 40 weight percent up to about 85 weight percent HFC-1225ye, about 10 weight percent up to about 45 weight percent HFC-32 and about 1.0 weight percent up to about of 28 weight percent of HFC-125.
The composition according to claim 1 or 2 characterized in that it further comprises a lubricant selected from the group consisting of mineral oils, paraffins, naphthenes, synthetic paraffins, alkylbenzenes, poly-alpha-olefins, polyalkylene glycols, ethers of polyvinyl, polyol esters and mixtures thereof.
The composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it also comprises an additive selected from the group consisting of (i), water scavenger; and (ii) agent that masks the odor.
The composition according to claim 1 or 2 characterized in that it further comprises an indicator compound wherein the indicator is capable of detection and is selected from the group consisting of hydrofluorocarbons, deuterated hydrocarbons, deuterated hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, fluoroethers, brominated compounds, iodinated compounds, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, nitrous oxide (N20) and combinations thereof, and wherein the indicator compound is different from the refrigerant or heat transfer fluid.
The composition according to claim 10, characterized in that the indicator is selected from the group consisting of CD3-CD3, CD3-CD2-CD3, CD2F2, CF3-CD2CF3, CD2F-CF3, CD3-CF3, CDF2-CF3, CF3-CDF-CF3, CF3-CF2CDF2, CDF2CDF2, CF3CF2-CD3, CF3CD2-CH3, CF2-CH2-CD3, CF3CF3, cyclo-CF2CF2CF2-, CF3CF2CF3, cyclo-CF2CF2CF2CF2-, CF3CF2CF2CF3, CF3CF (CF3) 2, cyclo- CF (CF3) CF2CF (CF3) CF2-, trans-cyclo-CF2CF (CF3) CF (CF3) CF2-, cis-cyclo-CF2CF (CF3) CF (CF3) CF2-, CF3OCHF2, CF3OCH2F, CF3OCH3, CF3OCHFCF3, CF3OCH2CF3 , CF3OCH2CHF2, CF3CH2OCHF2 CH3OCF2CF3, CH3CF2OCF3 CF3CF2CF2OCHFCF3, CF3CF2CF2OCF (CF3) CF2OCHFCF3, CHF3, CH2FCH3, CHF2CH3, CHF2CHF2, CF3CHFCF3, CF3CF2CHF2, CF3CF2CH2F, CHF2CHFCF3, CF3CH2CF3, CF3CF2CH3, CF3CH2CHF2, CHF2CF2CH3, CF3CHFCH3, CF3CH2CH3, CH3CF2CH3, CH3CHFCH3, CH2FCH2CH3, CHF2CF2CF2CF3, (CF3) 2CHCF3, CF3CH2CF2CF3, CHF2CF2CF2CHF2, CH3CF2CF2CF3, CF3CHFCHFCF2CF3, perfluoromethylcyclopentane, perfluoromethylcyclohexane, perfluorodimetilciclohexano (ortho, meta, or para), perfluoroetilciclohexano, perfluoroindan, perfluorotrimethylcyclohexane and isomers thereof, perfluoroisopropilciclohexano, cis-perfluorodecalin, transperfluorodecalin, cis- or trans-perfluoromethyldealcal and isomers thereof, CH3Br, CH2FBr, CHF2Br, CHFBr2, CHBr3, CH2BrCH3, CHBr = CH2, CH2BrCH2Br, CFBr = CHF, CF31, CHF21, CH2F1, CF21CH2F, CF21CHF2, CF21CF21, C6F51, ethanol, n- propanol, isopropanol, acetone, n-propanal, n-butanal, methyl ethyl ketone, nitrous oxide, and combinations thereof.
The composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it also comprises at least one ultraviolet fluorescent dye selected from the group consisting of naphthalimides, perylenes, coumarins, anthracenes, phenanthranes, xanthenes, thioxanthenes, naphthoxethenes, fluoresceins, and derivatives of the dye and combinations thereof.
The composition according to claim 12, characterized in that it also comprises at least one solubilizing agent selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbons, dimethyl ether, polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers, amides, ketones, nitriles, chlorocarbons, esters, lactones, aryl ethers, fluoroethers, and 1,1,1-trifluoroalkanes.
14. The composition according to claim 13, characterized in that the solubilizing agent is selected from the group consisting of: a) polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers represented by the formula R1 [(OR2) X0R3] and, wherein: x is an integer from 1 to 3; and is an integer from 1 to 4; R1 is selected from hydrogen and aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and linking sites; R2 is selected from aliphatic hydrocarbylene radicals having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms; R3 is selected from hydrogen, and aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; at least one of R1 and R3 is selected from hydrocarbon radicals; and wherein the polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers have a molecular weight of from about 100 to about 300 atomic mass units; b) amides represented by the formulas R1C (0) NR R3 and cyclo- [R4CON (R5) -], wherein R1, R2, R3 and R5 are independently selected from aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 12 atoms of carbon, and as more an aromatic radical has from 6 to 12 carbon atoms; R4 is selected from aliphatic hydrocarbylene radicals having from 3 to 12 carbon atoms carbon; and wherein the amides have a molecular weight of from about 100 to about 300 atomic mass units; c) ketones represented by the formula R1C (0) R2, wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals, alicyclics and aryls having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and wherein the ketones have a molecular weight of around 70 to about 300 atomic mass units; d) nitriles represented by the formula R ^ ON, where R1 is selected from aliphatic, alicyclic or aryl hydrocarbon radicals having from 5 to 12 carbon atoms, and wherein the nitriles have a molecular weight of from about 90 to about 200 atomic mass units; e) chlorocarbons represented by the formula RC1X, wherein; x is 1 or 2; R is selected from aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms; and wherein the chlorocarbons have a molecular weight of from about 100 to about 200 atomic mass units; f) aryl ethers represented by the formula R1OR2, wherein: R1 is selected from aryl hydrocarbon radicals having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms; R2 is selected from aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and wherein the aryl ethers have a molecular weight of from about 100 to about 150 atomic mass units; g) 1,1,1-trifluoroalkanes represented by the formula CF3R1, wherein R1 is selected from aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals having from about 5 to about 15 carbon atoms; h) fluoroethers represented by the formula R1OCF2CF2H, wherein R1 is selected from aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having from about 5 to about 15 carbon atoms; or wherein the fluoroethers are derived from fluoroolefins and polyols, wherein the fluoroolefins are of the type CF2 = CXY, wherein X is hydrogen, chloro or fluorine, and Y is chloro, fluoro, CF3 or ORf, where Rf is CF3, C2F5, or C3F7; and the polyols are linear or branched, where the linear polyols are of the HOCH2 type (CHOH) x (CRR ') and CH2OH, where R and R' are hydrogen, CH3 or C2H5, x is an integer of 0-4, and is an integer of 0-3 and z is either zero or 1, and the branched pyrolyoles are of the type C (OH) t (R) u (CH2OH) v [(CH2) mCH2OH] w, wherein R can be hydrogen, CH3 or C2H5, m is an integer from 0 to 3, tyu is 0 or 1, v and w are integers from 0 to 4, and where also t + u + v + w = 4; and i) lactones represented by structures [B] i [C], and [D]: [B C D] wherein Ri up to R8 are independently selected from hydrogen, linear, branched, cyclic, bicyclic, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbyl radicals; and the molecular weight is from about 100 to about 300 atomic mass units; and j) esters represented by the general formula R1CO2R2, wherein Ri and R2 are independently selected from linear and cyclic, saturated and unsaturated radicals, alkyls and aryls; and wherein the esters have a molecular weight of about 80 to about 550 atomic mass units.
15. A process for cooling, characterized in that it comprises condensing the composition according to claim 1 or 2 and subsequently evaporating the composition in the vicinity of a body to be cooled.
16. A process for heating characterized in that it comprises evaporating the composition according to claim 1 or 2 and subsequently condensing the composition in the vicinity of a body to be heated.
17. A method for using the composition according to claim 12 in a compression, air conditioning, or heat pump refrigeration apparatus, the method characterized in that it comprises providing the composition to the apparatuses, and providing a suitable means for detecting the dye fluorescent ultraviolet in, or in the vicinity of, a vanishing point in the apparatus.
18. A method for producing heating or cooling in a refrigeration, air conditioning, or heat pump apparatus, characterized in that it comprises introducing a refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition into the apparatus having (a) a centrifugal compressor; (b) a multi-stage centrifugal compressor, or (c) a single plate / single stage exchanger; wherein the refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition comprises at least one fluoroolefin selected from the group consisting of: (i) fluoroolefins of the formula E- or Z-R1CH = CHR2, wherein R1 and R2 are, independently, groups Ci perfluoroalkyl up to C6,; (ii) cyclic fluoroolefins of the formula cyclo- [CX = CY (CZW) n-], wherein X, Y, Z, and W, independently, are H or F, and n is an integer from 2 to 5; or (iii) fluoroolefins selected from the group consisting of: 1, 2, 3, 3, 3-pentafluoro-l-propene (CF3CF = CHF); 1,1,3,3,3-pentafLuoro-l-propene (CF3CH = CF2); 1, 1, 2, 3, 3-pentafluoro-l-propene (CHF2CF = CF2); 1, 2, 3, 3-tetrafluoro-l-propene (CHF2CF = CHF); 2, 3, 3, 3-tetrafluoro-l-propene (CF3CF = CH2); 1, 3, 3, 3-tetrafluoro-l-propene (CF3CH = CHF); 1,1,2,3-tetrafluoro-l-propene (CH2FCF = CF2); 1, 1, 3, 3-tetrafluoro-l-propene (CHF2CH = CF2); 2, 3, 3-tri-fluoro-l-propene (CHF2CF = CH2); 3, 3, 3-trifluoro-l-propene (CF3CH = CH2); 1, 1, 2-trifluoro-l-propene (CH3CF = CF2); 1, 1, 3-trifluoro-l-propene (CH2FCH = CF2); 1,2,3-trifluoro-l-propene (CH2FCF = CHF); 1,3,3-trifluoro-l-propene (CHF2CH = CHF); 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4-octafluoro-2-butene (CF3CF = CFCF3); 1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4-octafluoro-l-butene (CF3CF2CF = CF2); 1,1, 1, 2, 4, 4, 4-heptafluoro-2-butene (CF3CF = CHCF3); 1,2,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluoro-l-butene (CHF = CFCF2CF3); 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4-heptafluoro-2-butene (CHF2CF = CFCF3); 1,3,3, 3-tetrafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -1-propene ((CF3) 2C = CHF); 1, 1, 3, 3,,, 4-heptafluoro-l-butene (CF2 = CHCF2CF3); 1,1,2,3,4,4,4-heptafluoro-l-butene (CF2 = CFCHFCF3); 1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4 -heptafluoro-l-butene (CF2 = CFCF2CHF2); 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4-hexafluoro-l-butene (CF3CF2CF = CH2); 1,3,3,4,4,4-hexafluoro-l-butene (CHF = CHCF2CF3); 1,2,3,4,4,4-hexafluoro-l-butene (CHF = CFCHFCF3); 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4-hexafluoro-l-butene (CHF = CFCF2CHF2); 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CHF2CF = CFCHF2); 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CH2FCF = CFCF3); 1, 1, 1, 2, 4, 4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CHF2CH = CFCF3); 1, 1, 1, 3, 4, 4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CF3CH = CFCHF2); 1,1,2,3,3,4-hexafluoro-l-butene (CF2 = CFCF2CH2F); 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4-hexafluoro-l-butene (CF2 = CFCHFCHF2); 3, 3, 3-trifluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -1-propene (CH2 = C (CF3) 2); 1, 1, 1, 2, 4 -pentafluoro-2-butene (CH2FCH = CFCF3); 1, 1, 1, 3, -pentafluoro-2-butene (CF3CH = CFCH2F); 3, 3, 4, 4, 4-pentafluoro-l-butene (CF3CF2CH = CH2); 1,1,1,4,4-pentafluoro-2-butene (CHF2CH = CHCF3); 1, 1, 1, 2, 3-pentafluoro-2-butene (CH3CF = CFCF3); 2, 3, 3, 4, -pentafluoro-l-butene (CH2 = CFCF2CHF2); 1, 1, 2, 4, 4-pentafluoro-2-butene (CHF2CF = CHCHF2); 1, 1, 2, 3, 3-pentafluoro-1-butene (CH3CF2CF = CF2); 1, 1, 2, 3, 4-pentafluoro-2-butene (CH2FCF = CFCHF2); 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoro-2-methyl-1-propene (CF 2 = C (CF 3) (CH 3)); 2- (difluoromethyl) -3,3,3-trifluoro-l-propene (CH2 = C (CHF2) (CF3)); 2, 3, 4, 4, 4-pentafluoro-l-butene (CH2 = CFCHFCF3); 1,2,4,4,4-pentafluoro-l-butene (CHF = CFCH2CF3); 1, 3, 4, 4, 4-pentafluoro-l-butene (CHF = CHCHFCF3); 1, 3, 3, 4, 4-pentafiuoro-l-butene (CHF = CHCF2CHF2); 1, 2, 3, 4, 4 -pentafluoro-l-butene (CHF = CFCHFCHF2); 3,3,4,4-tetrafluoro-1-butene (CH 2 = CHCF 2 CHF 2); 1,1-difluoro-2- (difluoromethyl) -1-propene (CF2 = C (CHF2) (CH3)); 1, 3, 3, 3-tetrafluoro-2-methyl-1-propene (CHF = C (CF3) (CH3)); 2-difluoromethyl-3, 3-difluoro-l-propene (CH2 = C (CHF2) 2); 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoro-2-butene (CF3CF = CHCH3); 1,1,1,1-tetrafluoro-2-butene (CH3CF = CHCF3); 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-decafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CF = CFCF2CF3); 1, 1,2,3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-decafluoro-l-pentene (CF2 = CFCF2CF2CF3); 1,1,1, 4, 4, 4-hexafluoro-2- (tri fluoromethyl) -2- butene ((CF3) 2C = CHCF3); 1, 1, 1, 2, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CF = CHCF2CF3); 1,1,1,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CH = CFCF2CF3); 1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-l-pentene (CHF = CFCF2CF2CF3); 1, 1, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-l-pentene (CF2 = CHCF2CF2CF3); 1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5-nonafIuoro-l-pentene (CF2 = CFCF2CF2CHF2); 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CHF2CF = CFCF2CF3); 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CF = CFCF2CHF2); 1, 1, 1,2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CF = CFCHFCF3); 1,2,3,4, 4, 4-hexafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CHF = CFCF (CF3) 2); 1, 1, 2,,, 4-hexafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CF2 = CFCH (CF3) 2); 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene (CF3CH = C (CF3) 2); 1,1,3,4,4, 4-hexafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CF2 = CHCF (CF3) 2); 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-octafluoro-l-pentene (CH2 = CFCF2CF2CF3); 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5-octafluoro-l-pentene (CHF = CFCF2CF2CHF2); 3, 3, 4, 4, 4 -pentafluoro-2 - (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CH2 = C (CF3) CF2CF3); 1, 1, 4, 4, 4-pentafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CF2 = CHCH (CF3) 2); 1,3,4,4,4-pentafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CHF = CHCF (CF3) 2); 1,1,4,4, 4-pentafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CF2 = C (CF3) CH2CF3); 3,4,4, 4-tetrafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene ((CF3) 2CFCH = CH2); 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-heptafluoro-l-pentene (CF3CF2CF2CH = CH2); 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5-heptafluoro-l-pentene (CH2 = CFCF2CF2CHF2); 1, 1, 3, 3, 5, 5, 5-heptafluoro-l-butene (CF2 = CHCF2CH2CF3); 1, 1,1,2, 4, 4, 4-heptafluoro-3-methyl-2-butene (CF3CF = C (CF3) (CH3)); 2,4,4, 4-tetrafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CH2 = CFCH (CF3) 2); 1, 4, 4, -tetrafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CHF = CHCH (CF3) 2); 1,1,1,4-tetrafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene (CH2FCH = C (CF3) 2); 1,1,1,3-tetrafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene (CH 3 CF = C (CF 3) 2); 1,1, 1-trifluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene ((CF3) 2C = CHCH3); 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-hexafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CF2CF = CHCH3); 1, 1, 1, 4, 4, 4-hexafluoro-2-methyl-2-butene (CF3C (CH3) = CHCF3); 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5-hexafluoro-l-pentene (CH2 = CHCF2CHFCF3); 3- (trifluoromethyl) -4,4-trifluoro-l-butene (CH2 = C (CF3) CH2CF3); 1,1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-dodecafluoro-1-hexene (CF 3 (CF 2) 3 CF = CF 2); 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,6,6,6-dodecafluoro-3-hexene (CF3CF2CF = CFCF2CF3); 1, 1, 1, 4, 4, 4-hexafluoro-2, 3-bis (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene ((CF3) 2C = C (CF3) 2); 1,1,1,2,3,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene ((CF3) 2CFCF = CFCF3); 1, 1, 1, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-octafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene ((CF3) 2C = CHC2F5); 1,1,1,3,4,5,5,5-octafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene ((CF3) 2CFCF = CHCF3); 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-nonafluoro-l-hexene (CF3CF2CF2CF2CH = CH2); 4,4, 4-trifluoro-3, 3-bis (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CH2 = CHC (CF3) 3); 1, 1, 1, 4, 4, 4-hexafluoro-3-methyl-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene ((CF3) 2C = C (CH3) (CF3)); 2,3,3,5,5,5-hexafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -1-pentene (CH 2 = CFCF 2 CH (CF 3) 2); 1,1,1,2,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-3-methyl-2-pentene (CF3CF = C (CH3) CF2CF3); 1, 1, 1, 5, 5, 5-hexafluoro-4 - (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene (CF3CH = CHCH (CF3) 2); 3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-octafluoro-2-hexene (CF3CF2CF2CF = CHCH3); 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-octafluoro-l-hexene (CH2 = CHCF2CF2CF2CHF2); 1,1,1,4,4-pentafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene ((CF3) 2C = CHCF2CH3); 4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -1-pentene (CH2 = C (CF3) CH2C2F5); 3,3,4,4,5,5,5,5-heptafluoro-2-methyl-l-pentene (CF3CF2CF2C (CH3) = CH2); 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6-heptafluoro-2-hexene (CF3CF2CF2CH = CHCH3); 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6-heptafluoro-1-hexene (CH2 = CHCH2CF2C2F5); 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4-heptafluoro-3-hexene (CF3CF2CF = CFC2H5); 4, 5, 5, 5-tetrafluoro-4-tri fluoromethyl-1-pentene (CH2 = CHCH2CF (CF3) 2); 1, 1, 1,2, 5, 5, 5-heptafluoro-4-methyl-2-pentene (CF3CF = CHCH (CF3) (CH3)); 1,1,1,3-tetrafluoro-2-trifluoromethyl-2-pentene ((CF3) 2C = CFC2H5); 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tetradecafluoro-2-heptene (CF3CF = CFCF2CF2C2F5); 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tetradecafluoro-3-heptene (CF3CF2CF = CFCF2C2F5); 1,1,1,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoro-2-heptene (CF3CH = CFCF2CF2C2F5); 1,1,1,2,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoro-2-heptene (CF3CF = CHCF2CF2C2F5); 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoro-3-heptene (CF3CF2CH = CFCF2C2F5); 1,1,1,2,2,3,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoro-3-heptene (CF3CF2CF = CHCF2C2F5); CF2 = CFOCF2CF3 (PEVE); CF2 = CFOCF3 (PMVE) and combinations thereof.
19. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that it comprises compressing the composition in a Centrifugal compressor, condensing the composition, and then evaporating the composition in the vicinity of a body to be heated or cooled.
20. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that the centrifugal compressor is a multi-stage centrifugal compressor.
21. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that the centrifugal compressor is a two-stage centrifugal compressor.
22. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that the centrifugal compressor is fed by (a) a motor output gas turbine; or (b) an apparatus handling assembly in relation to the belt management relationship.
23. A method for using the composition according to claim 1 or 2, to reduce the risk of fire in refrigeration apparatus, air conditioner, or heat pump apparatus wherein the apparatus comprises a flammable refrigerant, characterized in that it comprises introducing the composition into the apparatus, and optionally adding a lubricant to the aggregate composition.
The method according to claim 23, characterized in that the flammable refrigerant is selected from the group consisting of: difluoromethane (HFC-32); fluoromethane (HFC-41); 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HFC-143a); 1, 1, 2- trifluoroethane (HFC-143); 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a); fluoroethane (HFC-161); 1,1,1-trifluoropropane (HFC-263fb); 1, 1, 1, 3, 3-pentafluorobutane (HFC-365mfc); 1, 2, 3, 3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (HFC-1234ye); 1, 3, 3, 3-tetrafluoro-l-propene (HFC-1234ze); 2, 3, 3, 3 - tetrafluoro-l-propene (HFC-1234yf); 1,1,2,3-tetrafluoro-l-propene (HFC-1234yc); 1, 1, 3, 3 -tetrafluoro-l-propene (HFC-1234zc); 2, 3, 3 - rifluoro-l-propene (HFC-1243yf); 3, 3, 3-trifluoro-l-propene (HFC-1243zf); 1, 1, 2-trifluoro-l-propene (HFC-1243yc); 1, 1, 3-trifluoro-l-propene (HFC-1243 zc); 1, 2, 3-trifluoro-l-propene (HFC-1243ye); and 1,3,3-trifluoro-l-propene (HFC-1243ze); C4F9OC2H5; propane; propylene; cyclopropane; n-butane; isobutane; n-pentane; 2-methylbutane; 2, 2-dimethylpropane; Cyclopentane, cyclobutane, 2,2-dimethylbutane; 2,3-dimethylbutane; 2,3-dimethylpentane; 2-methylhexane; 3-methylhexane; 2-methylpentane; 3-ethylpentane; 3-methylpentane; cyclohexane; n-heptane; methylcyclopentane, n-hexane; dimethyl ether; methyl t-butyl ether; ammonia, and combinations thereof.
25. A method for using the refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition according to claim 1 for reducing the flammability of a flammable refrigerant, characterized in that it comprises: combining the flammable refrigerant with the composition.
26. The method according to claim 25, characterized in that the flammable refrigerant is selected of the group consisting of hydrofluorocarbons, fluoroethers, hydrocarbon ethers, hydrocarbons, ammonia, and combinations thereof.
27. The method according to claim 26, characterized in that the flammable refrigerant is selected from the group consisting of: Difluoromethane (HFC-32); fluoromethane (HFC-41); 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HFC-143a); 1, 1, 2-trifluoroethane (HFC-143); 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a); fluoroethane (HFC-161); 1,1,1-trifluoropropane (HFC-263fb); 1, 1, 1, 3, 3-pentafluorobutane (HFC-365mfc); 1, 2, 3, 3-tetrafluoro-l-propene (HFC-1234ye); 1, 3, 3, 3-tetrafluoro-l-propene (HFC-1234ze); 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-l-propene (HFC-1234yf); 1, 1, 2, 3-tetrafluoro-l-propene (HFC-1234yc); 1, 1, 3, 3-tetrafluoro-l-propene (HFC-1234zc); 2, 3, 3-trifluoro-l-propene (HFC-1243yf); 3,3,3-trifluoro-l-propene (HFC-1243zf); 1, 1, 2-trifluoro-l-propene (HFC-1243yc); 1, 1, 3-trifluoro-l-propene (HFC-1243zc); 1,2,3-trifluoro-l-propene (HFC-1243ye); and 1, 3, 3-trifluoro-l-propene (HFC-1243ze); C4F9OC2H5; propane; propylene; cyclopropane; n-butane; isobutane; n-pentane; 2-methylpentane; 2,2-dimethylpropane; cyclopentane, cyclobutane; 2, 2-dimethylbutane; 2,3-dimethylbutane; 2, 3-dimethylpentane; 2-methylhexane; 3-methylhexane; 2-methylpentane; 3-ethylpentane; 3-methylpentane; cyclohexane; n-heptane; methylcyclopentane; n-hexane; dimethyl ether; methyl t-butyl ether; ammonia, and combinations of the same.
28. A method for replacing the use of a refrigerant with high global warming potential, characterized in that it comprises: providing the composition according to claim 1 or 2 in a refrigeration, air conditioning, or heat pump apparatus instead of , or in combination with, a high potential global warming refrigerant in the apparatus.
29. A method for using the composition according to claim 1 for reducing the global warming potential of an original heat transfer fluid or refrigerant composition, characterized in that it comprises combining the original refrigerant composition or the heat transfer fluid with the composition according to claim 1, for producing a second refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition wherein the second refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition is a low global warming potential that the original or fluid refrigerant composition of heat transfer.
30. A method for reducing the GP of a refrigerant composition or original heat transfer fluid in a refrigeration, air conditioning or heat pump apparatus, wherein the original refrigerant or heat transfer fluid has a GWP of around of 150 o greater, characterized in that it comprises introducing a second, refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition with lower GWP according to claim 1 or 2 in the cooling, air conditioning or heat pump apparatus.
31. The method according to claim 30, characterized in that it further comprises removing the original refrigerant composition or heat transfer fluid from the refrigeration, air conditioning or heat pump apparatus before introducing the second refrigerant or transfer fluid from GWP heat lower.
32. A method for replacing a refrigerant or original heat transfer fluid composition with a second refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition, characterized in that it comprises providing a composition according to claim 1 or 2 as the second refrigerant composition or of heat transfer fluid.
33. The method according to claim 30, characterized in that the original refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition is selected from the group consisting of: (i) 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (Rl34a) and Rl34a is replaced by a second refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition comprising ether trifluoromethyl trifluorovinyl (PMVE); (ii) 1,1-difluoroethane (R152a) and wherein the R152a is replaced by a second refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of El, 3,3,3- tetrafluoropropene (E-HFC-1234ze), 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene (HFC-1225ye), 2, 3, 3, 3-tetrafluoropropene (HFC-1234yf), 3,3,3-tri fluoropropene ( HFC-1243zf), and trifluoromethyl trifluorovinyl ether (PMVE); (i) 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 3-heptafluoropropane (R227ea) and wherein R227ea is replaced by a second refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition comprising at least one compound selected from the group consists of El, 3, 3, 3-tetrafluoropropene (E-HFC-1234ze), 1, 2, 3, 3, 3-pentafluoropropene (HFC-1225ye), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFC-1234yf) , 3, 3, 3-trifluoropropene (HFC-1243zf), and trifluoromethyl trifluorovinyl ether (PMVE); (iv) 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane (R113) and wherein the R113 is replaced by a second heat transfer fluid or refrigerant composition comprising at least one compound selected from the group it consists of 1, 1, 1, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5-octafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene (HFC-152-11 mmyyz); 1, 1, 1, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-octafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene (HFC-152-IImmtz); 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,6,6,6-dodecafluoro-3-hexene (HFC-151-12mcy); 1, 1, 1, 3-tetrafluoro-2-butene (HFC-1354mzy); 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2, 3-bis (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene (HFC-151-12mmtt); 1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6, ß-decafluorocyclohexene (FC-C151-10y); 3,3,4,4,5,5,5-heptafluoro-2-methyl-l-pentene (HFC-1567fts); 3, 3,, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6-nonafluoro-l-hexene (PFBE); 4,4,5,5,6,6,6-heptafluoro-2-hexene (HFC-1567szz); 1,1,1,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-decafluoro-2-hexene (F13E); 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene (HFC-151-12mmzz); Y 1,1,1,2,2,5,5,6,6,6-decafluoro-3-hexene (F22E); (v) 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-decafluoropentane (R43-10mee) and wherein the R43-10mee is replaced by a second refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 1, 1, 1, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5-octafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene (HFC-152-llmmyyz); 1, 1, 1, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-octafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene (HFC-152-llmmt z); 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,6,6,6-dodecafluoro-3-hexene (HFC-151-12mcy); 1, 1, 1, 3-tetrafluoro-2-butene (HFC-1354mzy); 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2, 3-bis (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene (HFC-151-12mmtt); 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6-decafluorocyclohexene (FC-C151-10y); 3,3,4,4,5,5,5-heptafluoro-2-methyl-l-pentene (HFC-1567fts); 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6-nonafluoro-l-hexene (PFBE); 4, 4, 5.5, 6, 6, 6-heptafluoro-2-hexene (HFC-1567szz); 1,1,1,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-decafluoro-2-hexene (F13E); 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene (HFC-151-12mmzz); Y 1,1,1,2,2,5,5,6,6,6-decafluoro-3-hexene (F22E); (vi) C4F9OCH3 and wherein C4F9OCH3 is replaced by a second refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 1, 1, 1, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5 -octafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene (HFC-152-llmmyyz); 1,1,1,4,4,5,5,5-octafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene (HFC-152-llmmtz); 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,6,6,6-dodecafluoro-3-hexene (HFC-151-12mcy); 1, 1, 1, 3-tetrafluoro-2-butene (HFC-1354mzy); 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2, 3-bis (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene (HFC-151-12mmtt); 1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-decafluorocyclohexene (FC-C151-10y); 3,3,4,4,5,5,5-heptafluoro-2-methyl-l-pentene (HFC-1567fts); 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6-nonafluoro-l-hexene (PFBE); 4,4,5,5,6,6,6-heptafluoro-2-hexene (HFC-1567szz); 1,1,1,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-decafluoro-2-hexene (F13E); 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene (HFC-151-12mmzz); Y 1,1,1,2,2,5,5,6,6,6-decafluoro-3-hexene (F22E); (vii) 1, 1, 1, 3, 3-pentafluorobutane (R365mfc) and wherein the R365mfc is replaced by a second refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 1, 1,1,3,4,5,5,5-octafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene (HFC-152-llmmyyz); 1,1,1,4,4,5,5,5-octafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene (HFC-152-llmmtz); 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 6, 6-dodecafluoro-3-hexene (HFC-151-12mcy); 1, 1, 1, 3-tetrafluoro-2-butene (HFC- 1354mzy); 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2,3-bis (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene (HFC-151-12mmtt); 1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-decafluorocyclohexene (FC-C151-10y); 3,3,4,4,5,5,5-heptafluoro-2-methyl-l-pentene (HFC-1567fts); 3, 3, 4,, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6-nonafluoro-l-hexene (PFBE); 4,4,5,5,6,6,6-heptafluoro-2-hexene (HFC-1567szz); 1,1,1,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-decafluoro-2-hexene (F13E); 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene (HFC-151-12mmzz); Y 1,1,1,2,2,5,5,6,6,6-decafluoro-3-hexene (F22E); (viii) fluorotrichloromethane (Rll) and wherein the Rll is replaced by a second refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 1,2,3,3,4,4, 5, 5-octafluorocyclopentene (FC-C1418y); 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-decafluoro-2-pentene (FC-14 l-10myy); 1,1,1,2,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (HFC-1429myz); 1, 1,1,3,4,, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (HFC-1429mzy); 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-heptafluoro-l-pentene (HFC-1447 fz); 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (FUE); 1, 1, 1, 4, 4, 4-hexafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene (HFC-1429mzt); and 1,1,1,4,4,5,5,5-octafluoro-2-pentene (F12E); (ix) 2, 2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane (R123) and wherein the R123 is replaced by a second refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of from 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5-octafluorocyclopentene (FC-C1418y); 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-decafluoro-2-pentene (FC-141-10myy); 1,1,1,2,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (HFC-1429myz); 1,1,1,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (HFC-1429mzy); 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-heptafluoro-l-pentene (HFC-1447Íz); 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (FUE); 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene (HFC-1429mzt); and 1,1,1,4,4,5,5,5-octafluoro-2-pentene (F12E); (x) 1, 1, 1, 3, 3-pentafluoropropane (R245fa) and wherein the R245fa is replaced by a second refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 2, 3,3-trifluoropropene (HFC-1243yf); 1, 1, 1, 4, 4, -hexafluoro-2-butene (FUE); 1, 3, 3, 3-tetrafluoropropene (HFC-1234ze); 1, 1, 1, 2, 4, 4, 4-heptafluoro-2-butene (HFC-1327m); 1,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFC-1234ye); and pentafluoroethyl trifluorovinyl ether (PEVE); (xi) 1,2-dichloro-1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (R124) and wherein the R124 is replaced by a second refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition comprising at least one compound selected from the group consists of 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4-octafluoro-2-butene (FC-1318m); 1, 2, 3, 3,,-hexafluorocyclobutene (FC-C1316cc); 2,3,3,4,4,4-hexafluoro-l-butene (HFC-1336yf); and 3, 3, 4, 4, 4-pentafluoro-1-butene (HFC-1345fz); (xii) 1, 1, 1, 3, 3, 3-hexafluoropropane (R236fa) and wherein R236fa is replaced by a second refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, -octafluoro-2-butene (FC-1318m); 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, hexafluorocyclobutene (FC-C1316cc); 2,3,3,4,4,4-hexafluoro-l-butene (HFC-1336yf); and 3, 3, 4, 4, 4-pentafluoro-1-butene (HFC-1345fz); (xiii) R401A and wherein R401A is replaced by a second refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of E-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (E-HFC- 1234ze); 1, 2, 3, 3, 3-pentafluoropropene (HFC-1225ye); 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFC-1234yf); 3, 3, 3-trifluoropropene (HFC-1243zf); and trifluoromethyl trifluorovinyl ether (PMVE); (xiv) R401B and wherein R401B is replaced by a second refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of E-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (E-HFC -1234ze); 1, 2, 3, 3, 3-pentafluoropropene (HFC-1225ye); 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFC-1234yf); 3, 3, 3-trifluoropropene (HFC-1243zf); and trifluoromethyl trifluorovinyl ether (PMVE); (xv) R409A and wherein the R409A is replaced by a second refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition comprising at least one compound selected from group consisting of E-1, 3, 3, 3-tetrafluoropropene (E-HFC-1234ze); 1, 2, 3, 3, 3-pentafluoropropene (HFC-1225ye); 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFC-1234yf); 3, 3, 3-trifluoropropene (HFC-1243zf); and trifluoromethyl trifluorovinyl ether (PMVE); (xvi) R409B and wherein R409B is replaced by a second refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of E-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (E-HFC -1234ze); 1, 2, 3, 3, 3-pentafluoropropene (HFC-1225ye); 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFC-1234yf); 3, 3, 3-trifluoropropene (HFC-1243zf); and trifluoromethyl trifluorovinyl ether (PMVE); (xvii) R414B and wherein the R414B is replaced by a second refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of E-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (E-HFC -1234ze); 1, 2, 3, 3, 3-pentafluoropropene (HFC-1225ye); 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFC-1234yf); 3, 3, 3-trifluoropropene (HFC-1243zf); and trifluoromethyl trifluorovinyl ether (PMVE); (xviii) R416A and wherein R416A is replaced by a second refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of E-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (E-HFC -1234ze); 1, 2, 3, 3, 3-pentafluoropropene (HFC-1225ye); 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFC-1234yf); 3, 3, 3-trifluoropropene (HFC-1243zf); and trifluoromethyl trifluorovinyl ether (PMVE); (xix) dichlorodifluoromethane (R12) and wherein the R12 is replaced by a second refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene ( HFC-1225ye); 2, 3, 3, 3-tetrafluoropropene (HFC-1234yf); 3, 3, 3-trifluoropropene (HFC-1243zf); and trifluoromethyl trifluorovinyl ether (PMVE); and (xx) R500 and wherein the R500 is replaced by a second refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 1, 2, 3, 3, 3-pentafluoropropene (HFC- 1225ye); 2, 3, 3, 3-tetrafluoropropene (HFC-1234yf); 3,3,3-trifluoropropene (HFC-1243zf); and trifluoromethyl trifluorovinyl ether (PMVE) -trifluoropropene, 3,3,3-trifluoropropene, and trifluoromethyl trifluorovinyl ether.
34. The method according to claim 32, characterized in that the original refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition is R134a or R12 and wherein the R134a or R12 is replaced by a second refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition that it comprises about 1.0 weight percent to about 37 weight percent HFC-32 and about 99 weight percent to about 63 weight percent HFC-1225ye.
35. The method according to claim 34, characterized in that the second refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition comprises about 1.0 weight percent to about 10 weight percent HFC-32 and about 99 weight percent to about 90 weight percent of HFC-1225ye.
36. The method according to claim 32, characterized in that the original refrigerant composition or heat transfer fluid is R22, R404A, or R410A and wherein the R22, R404A or R410A are replaced by a second refrigerant or fluid composition. heat transfer comprising about 1.0 weight percent to about 37 weight percent HFC-32 and about 99 weight percent to about 63 weight percent HFC-1225ye.
37. The method according to claim 36, characterized in that the second refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition comprises about 20 weight percent to about 37 weight percent HFC-32 and about 80 weight percent. by weight up to about 63 weight percent of HFC-1225ye.
38. The method according to claim 36, characterized in that the second refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition comprises about 20 weight percent to about 95 weight percent of HFC-1225ye, about 1.0 percent. in weight up about 65 weight percent of HFC-32, and about 1.0 weight percent to about 40 weight percent of HFC-125.
39. The method according to claim 36, characterized in that the second refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition comprises about 30 weight percent to about 90 weight percent of HFC-1225ye, about 5.0 percent. by weight up to about 55 weight percent HFC-32, and about 1.0 weight percent up to about 35 weight percent HFC-125.
40. The method according to claim 36, characterized in that the second refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition comprises about 40 weight percent to about 85 weight percent of HFC-1225ye, about 10 percent. by weight up to about 45 weight percent HFC-32 and about 1.0 weight percent to about 28 weight percent HFC-125.
41. A method for using the composition according to claim 1 or 2 as a heat transfer fluid composition, characterized in that it comprises transporting the composition from a heat source to a heat sink.
42. A method to make the composition in accordance with claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises: (i) recovering a volume of one or more components of a refrigerant composition from at least one refrigerant container, (ii) removing impurities sufficiently to allow reusing one or more of the recovered components, (iii) and optionally, combining all or part of the recovered volumes of components with at least one additional refrigerant composition or component.
43. A refrigeration, air conditioning or heat pump apparatus, characterized in that it contains a composition according to any of claims 1 or 2.
44. A mobile refrigeration or air conditioning apparatus, characterized in that it contains the composition in accordance with
45. The composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it further comprises a stabilizer selected from the group consisting of: a. at least one terpenes or terpenoids in combination with at least one selected from the group consisting of epoxides, fluorinated epoxides, and oxetanes. b. at least one fullerene in combination with at least one selected from the group consisting of epoxides, fluorinated epoxides, and oxetanes. c. at least one phenol in combination with at least one selected from the group consisting of epoxides, epoxides fluorinated, and oxetanes.
46. The composition according to claim 45, characterized in that the stabilizer is selected from the group consisting of: a. d-limonene and at least one selected from the group consisting of trifluoromethyloxirane and 3-ethyl-3-hydroxymethyloxetane; b. alpha-pinene and at least one selected from the group consisting of trifluoromethyloxirane and 3-ethyl-3-hydroxymethyloxetane; c. a fullerene and at least one selected from the group consisting of trifluoromethyloxirane and 3-ethyl-3-hydroxymethyloxetane; d. tocopherol and at least one selected from the group consisting of trifluoromethyloxirane and 3-ethyl-3-hydroxymethyloxetane; and. hydroquinone and at least one selected from the group consisting of trifluoromethyloxirane and 3-ethyl-3-hydroxymethyloxetane; and f. butylated hydroxyl toluene and at least one selected from the group consisting of trifluoromethyloxirane and 3-ethyl-3-hydroxymethyloxetane.
47. The composition according to claim 45, characterized in that it also comprises at least one additional stabilizer selected from the group consisting of of: areoxalyl bis (benzylidene) hydrazide; N, N'-bis (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamoylhydrazine); 2,2'-oxamidobis-ethyl- (3, 5-d-terbutyl-4-hydroxyhidorcinamate)?,? ' - (disalicyclidene) -1, 2-propanediamine; and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and salts thereof.
48. The composition according to claim 45, characterized in that it further comprises at least one alkylamine selected from the group consisting of triethylamine; tributylamine; triisopropylamine; diisobutylamine; triisopropylamine; triisobutylamine; and hindered amine antioxidants.