MX2008003799A

MX2008003799A - Compositions for impregnating paper products and natural fabrics and methods, processes and assemblages therefor.

Info

Publication number: MX2008003799A
Application number: MX2008003799A
Authority: MX
Inventors: Sally Judith Weie Ramsey
Original assignee: Ecology Coatings Inc
Priority date: 2005-09-23
Filing date: 2005-09-23
Publication date: 2008-09-30
Also published as: IL190356A0; AU2005336938A1; EA200800906A1; BRPI0520559A2; AU2005336938A2; CA2622992A1; JP2009509023A; EP1945447A1; WO2007040493A1; CN101304872A

Abstract

Disclosed are compositions which are curable using ultraviolet and visible radiation. In addition, the disclosed compositions are suitable for applying to fiber substrates, such as, but not limited to, paper product and natural fiber fabrics. In addition, methods are disclosed for applying the composition to fiber substrates, or at least a portion of the fiber substrates, and curing of the applied composition to obtain partially or fully cured compositions. Furthermore, articles of manufacture incorporating fully cured compositions are disclosed, including, for example paper; such articles of manufacture are resistant to water, including retention of structural integrity, print and brightness upon prolonged exposure to water. Also disclosed are methods, processes, production lines, assemblages, and factories which incorporate these curable compositions.

Description

COMPOSITIONS FOR IMPREGNATING PAPER PRODUCTS AND NATURAL FABRICS, AND METHODS, PROCESSES AND ASSEMBLIES FOR THE SAME FIELD OF THE INVENTION Compositions, methods, processes and assemblies to make water resistant to paper and fiber-based products are described herein. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION A variety of consumer, scientific, and industrial products are composed of natural fibers, such as paper. When exposed to water, these products exhibit reduced structural strength which can lead to rips or breaks. In addition, writing with ink or pen on these products fades, courses, or scratches when exposed to water. COMPENDIUM OF THE INVENTION Porous and / or fiber products are presented here that have and retain aesthetic, performance and durability properties desirable when exposed to water, which include exposure for extended periods of time. The present fiber products exhibit at least one of the following characteristics after being exposed to water for at least one day: (a) retention of structural integrity; (b) retention of structural strength; (c) retention of the ink or pencil writing; (d) print retention; (e) brightness retention; and (f) resistance to fungi, algae, mold, bacteria, and / or fungal growth. Also described are fiber products exhibiting at least two of the features mentioned above, at least three of the features mentioned above, at least four of the features mentioned above, at least five of the features mentioned above, or all the features mentioned above. . Also described are fiber products exhibiting at least or retaining at least one of the following characteristics after being exposed to water for at least two days, at least three days, at least seven days and at least ten days. Fiber products are also described where 'exposure to water includes immersion, vaporization, filtration or runoff, or combinations of these. Described herein are compositions, methods, strategies, techniques, assemblies and manufactures for fiber and / or porous waterproof products. Here we present the porous and / or fiber products that retain desirable aesthetic, performance and durability properties when exposed to water, which include exposure for extended periods of time. The present fiber products provided herein, comprise compositions, partially cured compositions, and fully cured compositions. Also presented herein are compositions that can be applied to a fiber substrate, optionally followed by a curing process, to produce a fiber product having at least one of the above-mentioned characteristics. Also disclosed are methods for applying and / or impregnating a fiber product with compositions to produce, upon curing, a fiber product having at least one of the above-mentioned characteristics. Also disclosed are methods for centrifugally applying a composition to a porous and / or fiber product wherein the composition impregnates, at least in part, the porous and / or fiber product. Also disclosed are methods for applying a composition described herein in and within a porous and / or fiber product by means of a high pressure sprayer; in additional embodiments, a roller is applied to the sprayed surface. Following the application of the compositions described herein in and within a porous and / or fiber product, the composition is cured by exposure to actinic radiation. Manufacturing methods and assemblies are also provided to produce the present fiber products. One aspect described herein are compositions comprising: (a) nano-fillers; (b) at least one photo-initiator; (c) at least one mono functional monomer; (d) an antecedent surfac; (e) a diluent; and (f) optionally, a pigment dispersion and a second photo-initiator. In one embodiment, the present composition is applied to a fiber substrate, optionally followed by a curing process, to manufacture fiber products having the least one of the above-mentioned characteristics. Another aspect described herein is porous and / or fiber products comprising (a) a porous and / or fiber substrate; and (b) a composition comprising: (i) nano-fillers; (i) at least one photo-initiator; (iii) at least one mono functional monomer; (iv) a surfactant; (v) a diluent; and (vi) optionally, a pigment dispersion and a second photo-initiator. Another aspect described herein is porous and / or fiber products exhibiting at least one feature: (a) retention of writing ability in pencil and / or pen; (b) printing retention; (c) gloss retention; and / or (d) ability to block the absorption of organic solvents (eg, alcohol, methyl ethyl ketone, etc.). In certain aspects such porous and / or fiber products comprise a cured composition which has been impregnated, at least in part, in the porous and / or fiber product.

Another aspect disclosed herein is porous and / or fiber products that resist the growth of mold, mildew, algae, bacteria, and / or fungi. In certain aspects such porous and / or fiber products comprise a cured composition which has been impregnated, at least in part, in the porous and / or fiber product. Another aspect described herein is porous and / or fiber products that exhibit at least one characteristic after exposure to water for at least one day: (a) retention of structural strength; (b) retention of ink or pencil writing; (c) impression retention; and / or (d) brightness retention. Yet another aspect that is described herein are methods of manufacturing the present porous and / or fiber products, said method comprising (a) providing a fiber and / or porous substrate; (b) applying a composition to the fiber and / or porous substrate to produce a fiber and / or porous product; and (c) curing the fiber and / or porous product, wherein said composition comprises: (i) nano-fillers; (ii) at least one photo-initiator; (iii) at least one mono functional monomer; (iv) a surfactant; (v) a diluent; and (vi) optionally, a pigment dispersion and a second photo-initiator. Fiber products produced by the aforementioned manufacturing method are also presented. Yet another aspect described herein is manufacturing assemblies of the present porous and / or fiber products, said assemblies comprising (a) means for providing a porous and / or fiber substrate; (b) means for applying a composition to the porous and / or fiber substrate to produce a porous and / or fiber product; and (c) means for curing the porous and / or fiber product, wherein said composition comprises: (i) nano-fillers; (ii) at least one photo-initiator; (iii) at least one mono functional monomer; (iv) a surfactant; (v) a diluent; and (vi) optionally, a pigment dispersion and a second photo-initiator. The porous and / or fiber products produced by the aforementioned manufacturing assemblies are also presented. Yet another aspect that is described herein are various methods for using the present porous and / or fiber products. Exemplary applications of the present porous and / or fiber products include signs, books, newspapers, magazines, maps, field manuals, envelopes, paper plates, clothing, shipping materials, vapor barriers, garden markers, marks under the water, sports equipment, gym bags, business cards, cardboard, bathroom curtains and the like. Additional applications include the use of the present porous and / or fiber products to block the absorption of aqueous solutions, including water from any source, which includes mud water, lake water, river water, drinking water, sea water, Drainage water, and purified water. Additional applications include the use of the present porous and / or fiber products to block the absorption of organic solvents, such as alcohol, methyl ethyl ketone, and the like. INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE All publications, patents and patent applications mentioned in this specification are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety, with the same extension as if each individual publicationpatent or patent application was specified and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES A better understanding of the features and advantages of the present methods, processes, assemblies, devices and compositions, can be obtained by reference to the following detailed description that discloses the illustrative modalities, in which the principles of our methods, processes, compositions, devices and assemblies, and the accompanying drawings, of which: Figure 1 is a flowchart of a possible process for applying the compositions described herein to a fiber substrate. Figure 2 is an illustration of a representative method and assembly for applying the compositions described herein to a fiber substrate, and curing the composition. Figure 3 is an illustration of another representative method and assembly for applying the compositions described herein to a fiber substrate, and curing the composition. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION I. Certain Terms The term "actinic radiation", as used herein, refers to any radiation source that may produce reactions by polymerization, such as by way of example only, ultraviolet radiation, near ultraviolet radiation, and visible light. The term "co-photoinitiator", as used herein, refers to a photo-initiator that may be combined with another photo-initiator or photo-initiators. The term "cure" (cured), as used herein, refers to polymerization, at least in part, of a coating composition. The term "curable", as used herein, refers to a coating composition that is capable of polymerizing at least in part. The term "cure enhancer", as used herein, refers to an agent or agents that reinforce or, otherwise, improve, or partially improve, the curing process. The term "fiber substrates", as used herein, refers to any object which is, contains, or is derived from a natural fiber; such objects comprise: (a) various types of paper products of any basic weight or weight, body, gauge or thickness, machine direction and transverse direction, softness, such as, but not limited to, abrasive paper, absorbent paper, Acid-free paper, acid-proof paper, adhesive paper, air filter paper, airmail paper, album paper, albumin paper, alkaline paper, foil for lamination, paper for ammunition, anti-corrosive paper, paper old, archival paper, coated paper, asphalt cloth, writing paper with special surface sizing for accounting books, usually blue (azure laid), paper for bags, paper for bank notes or paper money, paper for barometer recorder, base paper, Bible paper, wrapping paper sheets, butcher paper, blotter paper, heliographic paper, cardboard paper, bond paper, printing paper, cardboard paper for boxes and cardboard es, bristol paper, business paper, carbon paper, cardboard, cartridge paper, catalog paper, checks or check paper, chipboard, cigarette paper, coarse paper (also industrial paper), coffee filter paper, colored paper, paper for construction, paperboard components for corrugated paper and other fiber materials for packaging, copy paper or laser paper, corrugated cardboard, cotton paper, paper paste for books, catalogs and others, crepe paper, cut sheets, paper for directories , paper for documents, paper for drawing, double-sided paper, double-sided paper, electric-grade paper, paper for envelopes, fibreboard, filter paper, fine paper, fluorescent paper, folding carton, chemical pulp paper , Packing Board, Translucent Cellulose Paper, Glossy Paper, Gray Cardboard, Green Paper, Mechanical Paste Paper, Handmade Paper, Index Paper, Industrial Paper, Ca rtulina Insulation, Cardboard Ivory Board, Kraft Paper for Bags, Kraft Paper, Aligned Kraft Paper, Label Paper, Vergé (or Vergeted) Paper, Laminated Strip Cardboard, Accounting Paper, Light Weight Paper, Canvas Paper, Liners, Cardboard for Liners, Multiple Paper, Manila Paper, Mechanical Paper, Brown Paper, Newsprint, Offset Paper, Packaging Paper, Paper Card Stock, Permanent Paper, Photo Paper, Poster Paper, Pulp Cardboard, Rag Paper, Paper Rice, Safety Paper, Toilet Paper, Toilet Paper, Safety Paper, Dimension Paper, Solid Fibreboard, Staple Paper, Straw Carton, Label Paper, Teabag Paper, Writing Paper, Thin Paper, Tissue, Decal Paper, Kraft Paper, Union Paper, Parchment Paper, Parchment Paper, Wallpaper, Watercolor Paper, Waxed Paper, Dust Jacket Paper (for books), Typewriter Paper, Paper for yellow telephone directory, and the like; (b) various types of products that contain pulp; (c) various types of shipping materials, such as, but not limited to, envelopes, bags, boxes, packages, labels, and the like; (d) various types of markers, such as, but not limited to, garden markers, underwater markers, soil markers, and the like; (e) various types of natural fiber fabrics, such as, but not limited to, cotton, wool, linen, cashmere, hemp, ramie, silk, and the like; (f) various types of natural fiber fabrics, such as, but not limited to, cotton, wool, linen, hemp, ramie, silk, and the like; and (g) fiber substrates that do not have fiber components, such as, but not limited to, buttons, zippers, locks, staples, fasteners, rods, and the like. The term "filler" refers to a relatively inert substance, added to modify the physical, mechanical, thermal, or electrical properties of a coating. The term "inorganic pigment", as used herein, refers to particulate and substantially non-volatile ingredients in use, and includes those ingredients typically labeled as inerts, extenders, fillers or the like in the paint and plastics trade. The term "irradiate", as used herein, refers to exposing a surface to actinic radiation. The term "grinding", as used herein, refers to the process of pre-mixing, melting and grinding a powder coating formula to obtain a suitable product for pulverization. The term "monomers", as used herein, refers to substances that contain individual molecules that can bind oligomers and bind to each other. The term "photo-initiators", as used herein, refers to compounds that absorb ultraviolet light and use the energy of this light to promote the formation of a dry coating layer. The term "polymerizable pigment dispersions", as used herein, refers to pigments added to polymerizable resins which are dispersed in a coating composition.

The term "polymerizable resin" or "activated resin", as used herein, refers to resins having reactive functional groups. The term "pigment", as used herein, refers to compounds that are insoluble or partially soluble, and are used to impart color. The term "gloss retention", as used herein, refers to the ability of a material to retain at least about 90% of its gloss. Gloss retention prevents discoloration of a material, such as darkening or yellowing. Representative tests for determining gloss retention include photometric spectrum tests, such as, for example, the optical absorption test for brightness (wavelength = 457 nm) and / or luminance (wavelength = 555 nm). The term "ink or pen writing retention", as used herein, refers to the ability of writing with ink or pencil to be held in a material at least about 90%. Writing retention with ink or pencil prevents slips, leaks and / or fading in a material. Representative tests to determine ink retention or pencil writing include tests. photometric spectrum, such as, for example, the ink elimination test (IE = Ink Elimination) and the effective residual ink concentration test (ERIC = Effective Residual Ink Concentration). The term "print retention", as used herein, refers to the ability of an impression to retain at least about 90% in a material. Representative prints include various ink impressions, such as labels, logos, and the like. Print retention prevents slips, leaks and / or fading in a material. Representative tests to determine print retention include several photometric spectrum tests. The term "structural resistance retention", as used herein, refers to the ability of a material to retain at least about 90% of its integrity, strength, or structural and physical durability. The retention of structural strength prevents tearing, tearing, or ruptures. Representative mechanical tests to determine structural strength retention include, for example, manual inspection, folding resistance, and tear strength. Spectral photometric tests can also be used to determine the retention of structural strength. The term "retention of pen and / or ink writing ability," as used herein, refers to the ability of a material to retain at least approximately 90% of its ability to write on it with any type of pencil or any source of ink, such as a pen or a printer. Writing ability depends on the absorbency of a material. The term "vehicle", as used herein, refers to the liquid portion of solvent-based formulations, and can incorporate both the solvent and the resin. II. Compositions. ' One aspect described herein are compositions comprising: (a) nano-fillers; (b) at least one photo-initiator; (c) at least one mono functional monomer; (d) a surfactant; (e) a diluent; and (f) optionally, a pigment dispersion and a second photo-initiator. In one embodiment, the compositions provided herein are applied to fiber substrates to produce fiber products having desirable properties. The present composition comprises nano-fillers in an amount of 20-60% by weight of the total weight of the composition (w / w) · In a further or alternative embodiment, the present composition comprises at least one: photo-initiator in an amount from 0.5 - 10% p / p. In a further or alternative embodiment, the present composition comprises at least one mono-functional monomer in an amount of 2-80% w / w. In a further or alternative embodiment, the present composition comprises a diluent in an amount of 2-22% w / w. In a further or alternative embodiment, the present composition comprises a surfactant in an amount of 0.01 - 2.0% w / w. In a further or alternative embodiment, the present composition comprises a pigment dispersion in an amount of 1-12% w / w and a second photo-initiator in an amount of 0.5-5% w / w. The compositions described herein can be applied to various fiber substrates to produce fiber products. The compositions described herein are curable by various sources of visible radiation, near visible radiation, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and combinations thereof. The UV radiation can be selected from the group consisting of UV-A radiation, UV-B radiation, UV-B radiation, UV-C radiation, UV-D radiation, or combinations of these. The flexibility of the coating may be an important feature for the compositions herein when applied to objects whose shape is flexed, distorted, or otherwise changed, such as, but not limited to, fabrics or clothing. The flexibility of the coating allows the composition to flex or distort without cracking when the object flexes, distorts or changes shape; while the adhesion properties of the coating allow the coating to remain attached to the object when the object flexes, distorts, or changes shape. Certain embodiments of the compositions described herein can be used to obtain and optimize desirable properties. A. Nano-fillers The present composition comprises nano-fillers. The nano-fillers can be any insoluble inorganic particles or insoluble organic particles. Inorganic nano-fillers are generally metal oxides, although other inorganic compounds can be used. Examples of inorganic nano-fillers include aluminum nitrides, aluminum oxides, antimony oxides, barium sulfates, bismuth oxides, cadmium selenides, cadmium sulfides, calcium sulfates, cerium oxides, chromium oxides, copper oxides , indium tin oxides, iron oxides, lead chromates, nickel titanates, niobium oxides, rare earth oxides, silicas, silicon oxides, silicon dioxides, silver oxides, tin oxides, titanium dioxides, chromates of zinc, zinc oxides, zinc sulphides, zirconium dioxides, and zirconium oxides. Alternatively, organic nano-fillers are generally polymeric materials based on particles of appropriate size. Examples of nano-organic fillers of nanometric dimensions include, but are not limited to, nano-polytetrafluoroethylene, nanospheric acrylate colloids, methacrylate nanosphere colloids, and combinations thereof, although micron-sized micron size polytetrafluoroethylene, acrylate, methacrylate, and combinations of these. In one embodiment, the present compositions comprise nano-alumina. The nano-alumina is composed of high purity aluminum oxide which is nanometric in size, which includes by way of example less than 200 nm, and within the range of about 5-40 nanometers of discrete spherical particles. Nano-alumina imparts excellent optical clarity, brightness and physical properties. Nano alumina-based compositions find use in applications of abrasion-resistant coatings that require superior optical transparency, such as eyeglasses; fine polish applications, including semiconductors; and nanocomposite applications, including improved thermal management. In addition, the incorporation of nano-alúmihas can result in compositions with improved impact resistance, abrasion resistance, and scratch resistance. In another embodiment, the present compositions comprise nano-silicon dioxide. Within the compositions, nano silicon dioxide compositions having a nanometric size can be incorporated which include, by way of example, less than 200 nm and, by way of another example, an average particle size of 5 to 40 nm. The addition of nano-silicon dioxides can impart improved hardness, hardness, abrasion and scratch resistance. Other properties and characteristics obtained when nano-silicon is incorporated into the compositions may include: it acts as a barrier effect against gases, water vapor and solvents, has increased resistance to wear and thermal aging inhibited, exhibits reduced shrinkage of curing and heating reaction, reduced thermal expansion and internal stresses, increased resistance to tears, resistance to fractures and modules, has improved adhesion to a large number of inorganic substrates (for example, glass and aluminum), has improved resistance to grime against inorganic impurities (for example , soot) through a more hydrophilic surface, and has improvements for other desired properties, such as: thermal stability, stain resistance, heat conductivity, dielectric properties. Representative nano silicon dioxides include those sold under the trademark Nanocryl® C by Hanse Chemie (Geesthacht, Germany), such as Nanocryl® C 350, Nanocryl® C 130, Nanocryl® C 140, Nanocryl® C 145, Nanocryl® C 146, Nanocryl® C 150, Nanocryl® C 153, Nanocryl® C 155, Nanocryl® C 165. In one embodiment, Nanocryl® C 155 is included in the present compositions. Other materials that can be used as nano-fillers include: oxides, carbides, nitrides, borides, silicates, ferrites, and titanates. For example, examples of such nano-fillers are, but are not limited to, nano-zirconium oxide, nano-zirconium dioxides, nano-silicon carbide, nano-silicon nitride, nano-sialon (aluminum oxide silicon oxide) ), nano-aluminum nitrides, nano-bismuth oxides, nano-cerium oxides, nano-copper oxides, nano-iron oxides, nano-nickel titanates, nano-niobium oxides, rare nano-earth oxides , nano-silver oxides, nano-tin oxides, and nano-titanium oxides. These materials have relatively high mechanical strength at high temperatures. Alternatively, the nano-fillers used in the composition described herein include amorphous silicon dioxide prepared with polyethylene wax, synthetic amorphous silica with organic surface treatment, untreated amorphous silicon dioxide, quaternary alkyl bentonite, colloidal silica, acrylated colloidal silica, alumina, zirconium dioxide, zinc oxide, niobium oxide, titanium aluminum nitride, silver oxide, cerium oxides, and combinations thereof. The silicon dioxides are chosen from a group consisting of both synthetic and natural silicon oxides, with surface treatments including wax or polyethylene waxes and IRGANOX® from Ciba Specialty Chemicals 540 White Plains Road, Tarrytown, New York, E.U.A. The average particle size of nano-fillers in the compositions described herein include by way of example less than about 20 microns, and by way of further example, with an average particle size of 1 to 10 microns of discrete particles; while the average particle size of nano-filler particles include, for example, less than about 200 nm, and by way of another example, with an average particle size of 5 to 50 nm of particular discrete. In one embodiment, the nano-filler particles have an average diameter of 10, 20, 30, or 40 nm. In addition, in another embodiment, the particle size distribution of nano-filled particles ranges from 1 nm to 60 nm, such as from 5 nm to 30 nm.The nano-fillers are present in the compositions in an amount ranging from 20 to 60% w / w, such as from 25 to 55% w / w, 30 to 50% w / w, or 30 to 40% w / w . In one embodiment, the present compositions comprise from 33-36% w / w. The addition of fillers imparts certain rheological properties to the composition, such as viscosity; however, the addition of nano-scale fillers dramatically imparts different effects on the mechanical properties of the coating compared to micrometer-scale fillers. In this way, the mechanical properties of the composition can be manipulated by varying the amount of micron size and nano-filler fillings. Improved properties attributable to nano-fillers include improved tensile strength, modulus, heat distortion temperature, barrier properties, ultraviolet resistance, abrasion and scratch resistance, and conductivity. The incorporation of certain nano-fillers, such as nano-alumina and nano-silicon, can provide favorable long-term coatings without significantly affecting optical clarity, brightness, color or physical properties. These improved properties may be due in large part to the small size and large surface area of the nano-scale fillers. B. Photoinitiators In an additional or alternative embodiment, the present composition comprises at least one photoinitiator. In a further or alternative embodiment, the present composition comprises at least two photo-initiators. In a further or alternative embodiment, the present composition comprises at least three photo-initiators. Generally, photo-initiators are added to initiate the rapid polymerization of monomers in the composition upon exposure to a source of actinic radiation, such as ultraviolet light. Photo-initiators can be matched to the spectral properties of the ultraviolet source, such as medium-pressure mercury arc lamps, which produce intense ultraviolet-C radiation (200-280 nm), mercury-free discharge lamps that produce ultraviolet-A radiation (315-400 nm), or ultraviolet-B radiation (280-315 nm) that depends on the adulterant, or combinations of lamp types. Depending on the photo-initiator or the combination of photo-initiators in the composition, ultra violet source (s) may be used which vary. Any suitable type of photoinitiator, including those categorized as free radicals, can be used in the composition. The photoinitiator can be in liquid or solid form. In addition, combinations of photo-initiators can be used which encompass different spectral properties of ultraviolet sources used to initiate the polymerization. The photoinitiator can be selected from a group consisting of diphenyl (2, 4, 6 trimethyl benzoyl) phosphine oxide, benzophenone, ESACURE® KTO, IRGACURE® 184, IRGACURE® 500, DARACUR® 1173, Lucirin® TPO, 1- hydroxy cyclohexyl phenyl ketone, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-l-phenyl-propan-l-one, 2,4,6, -trimethyl benzophenone, 4-methyl-benzophenone, oligo (2"-hydroxy-2-methyl- 1- (4- (1-methylvinyl) phenyl) propanone), and combinations of these In addition, photoinitiators can be selected from a group consisting of phosphine oxide type photoinitiators, diphenyl oxide (2, 4, 6-trimethyl-benzoyl) phosphine, benzophenone, 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-1-one, (DAROCUR® 1173 from Ciba Specialty Chemicals 540 hite Plains Road, Tarrytown, New York, USA), 2, 4, 6-trimethyl benzophenone and 4-methyl benzophenone, ESACURE® KTO 46 (Lamberti SpA, Gallarate (VA), Italy), oligo (2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1- ( 4- (1-methyl vinyl) phenyl) propane), amine acrylates, thioxanthones, benzyl methyl ketal, and mixtures of these. In addition, the photo-initiators can be selected from 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-propane-1-one (DAROCUR® 1173 from Ciba Specialty Chemicals 540 White Plains Road, Tarrytown, New York, USA) / phosphine oxide photo-initiators, IRGACURE (D 500, 819, or 1700 (Ciba Specialty Chemicals, 540 White Plains Road, Tarrytown, New York, USA), amine acrylates, thioxanthones, benzyl methyl ketal, and mixtures thereof Other photoinitiators which are suitable for use in the practice of the present invention include, but are not limited to 1-phenyl-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-propanone, oligo. {2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-4- (methylvinyl) phenylpropanone)} , 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-one, bis (2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl) -2,4, 4-trimethylpentylphosphine oxide, 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone and benzophenone also as mixtures thereof. Still other useful photo-initiators include, for example, bis (n, 5, 2, 4-cyclopentadien-1-yl) -bis 2,6-difluoro-3- (lH-pyrol-1-yl) phenyl titanium and -benzyl-2-N, N-dimethyl amino-1- (-morpholinophenyl) -1-butanone. These compounds are IRGACURE® 784 and IRGACURE® 369, respectively (both from Ciba Specialty Chemicals 540 White Plains Road, Tarrytown, NY, E.U.A.). Meanwhile, still other useful photo-initiators include, for example, 2-methyl-l-4 (methylthio) -2-morpholinopropan-l-one, 4- (2-hydroxy) phenyl-2-hydroxy-2- (methylpropyl) ketone, 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone benzophenone, (cyclopem_.adienyl) (1-methylethyl) benzene-iron hexafluorophosphate, 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenyl-1-acetophenone, 2,4,6- trimethyl benzoyl diphenyl phosphine oxide, benzoic acid, 4- (dimethyl amino) -ethyl ether, as well as mixtures thereof. In a further or alternative embodiment, the present composition comprises at least one photo-initiator comprising alpha-hydroxyketone, such as 1-hydroxy-cyclohexyl-phenyl-ketone. In a further or alternative embodiment, the present composition comprises at least one photo-initiator comprising benzophenone. In a further or alternative embodiment, the present composition comprises at least one photo-initiator comprising a benzoyl diaryl phosphine, such as 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) diphenyl phosphine oxide. In one embodiment, the present composition comprises a combination of photoinitiators. In one embodiment, the present composition comprises IRGACURE® 184 and IRGACURE® 500. In another embodiment, the present composition comprises IRGACURE® 184, IRGACURE® 500, and Lucirin® TPO. The photoinitiator (s) are present in the compositions in the amount ranging from 0.5-10% w / w, such as from 1 to 9% w / w, 3 to 8% w / w, or 4 to 6% p / p. In another embodiment, the present composition comprises a combination of photoinitiators, wherein each photoinitiator is present in an amount ranging from 0.5-5% w / w, such as from 1 to 4% w / w or 2 to 3% p / p. In yet another embodiment, the present composition comprises IRGACURE® 184 in an amount ranging from 2 to 6% w / w, such as about 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6% w / w IRGACURE® 500 in an amount ranging from 0.5 to 4% w / w, such as about 0.5, 1, 2, 3, or 4% w / w. In one embodiment, the present compositions comprise a pigment dispersion and a second photoinitiator comprising benzoyl diaryl phosphine oxide. Although the presence of pigments can absorb radiation in both ultraviolet and visible light regions, and reduces the effectiveness of some types of photoinitiators, phosphine oxide-type photoinitiators are effective in pigmented compositions, which include for example only, black and UV curable coating materials. Phosphine oxides also find use as photo-initiators for white coatings. In one embodiment, the compositions comprise a pigment dispersion and a photoinitiator comprising 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) diphenyl phosphine oxide, such as Lucirin® PO. In one embodiment, the present composition comprises a photo-initiator comprising benzoyl diaryl phosphine oxide, which is present in an amount ranging from 0.5-5% w / w, such as from 1 to 4% w / w or 2 to 3% p / p. In one embodiment, the photoinitiator comprises benzoyl diaryl phosphine oxide which may be present in the composition in an amount of about 0.5., 1, 2, 3, or 4% p / p. C. Monomers The present composition comprises at least one mono-functional monomer. In one embodiment, the present composition comprises a combination of monomers. Upon exposure to a source of actinic radiation, such as ultraviolet light, and in the presence of a photoinitiator, the monomers in the composition are rapidly polymerized to form oligomers. Thus, depending on the extent of the polymerization, the compositions herein may comprise monomers, oligomers, or monomers and oligomers. The mechanical properties of the present compositions, such as hardness, low shrinkage or shrinkage, high glass transition temperatures (Tg), desirable elasticity, and flexibility dependent on the type of monomers and oligomers provided. By way of example only, polyester acrylates well combine abrasion resistance with hardness, while urethane acrylates and polyester acrylates can provide "flexibility, elasticity and hardness." Thus, the composition described herein combines oligomers and monomers which impart various properties to obtain compositions that are hard, abrasion resistant, scratch resistant, and impact resistant Monomers are selected from a group consisting of 2-phenoxyethyl acrylate, isobornyl acrylate, acrylate ester derivatives , methacrylate ester derivatives, tetrahydrofurfyl acrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, 2-phenoxyethyl acrylate esters, and crosslinking agents, such as, but not limited to, propoxylated glyceryl triacrylate, tripropylene glycol diacrylate, and mixtures thereof. ) monomer (s) are present in the compositions in an amount ranging from 2-80% w / w, such as from 5 to 75% w / w, 10 to 60% w / w, or 20 to 50%? /? · The monomer (s) can be present in an amount of about 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 , 50, 60, 70 or 80% p / p. In one embodiment, the present composition comprises 2-phenoxyethyl acrylate in an amount ranging from 4-40% w / w, such as from 10 to 30% w / w, such as from 10 to 25% w / w, or 10. to 15% p / p. In one embodiment, the present composition comprises dimethacrylate 1,4-butanediol in an amount ranging from 4-40% w / w, such as from 10 to 30% w / w, 10 to 25% w / w, or 10. to 15% p / p. In one embodiment, the present composition comprises tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate in an amount ranging from 10-40% w / w, such as from 15 to 30% w / w, or 20 to 25% w / w. In another embodiment, the present composition comprises a combination of monofunctional monomers. In yet another embodiment, the present composition comprises at least one mono functional monomer selected from the group consisting of 2-phenoxyethyl activity, 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate, and mixtures thereof. In a further or alternative embodiment, the present composition comprises 2-phenoxyethyl acrylate, 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate, and tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate. In one embodiment, the present composition comprises a combination of monomers, each present in an amount ranging from 4-40% w / w, such as from 10 to 30% w / w, 10 to 25% w / w, or 10 to 15% p / p. In one embodiment, the present composition comprises 2-phenoxyethyl acrylate, 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate, and tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate, each one presented in an amount ranging from 4-40% w / w. D. Surfactants The present compositions comprise at least one surfactant. The surfactants are used to impart desirable properties to the compositions, such as improved slip, scratch resistance, flow, leveling, release, and defoaming.

Examples of surfactants include, but are not limited to, polymers such as polystyrene, polypropylene, polyesters, styrene-methacrylic acid type copolymers, styrene-acrylic acid type copolymers, polytetrafluoroethylene, polychloro trifluoroethylene, polyethylene terephthalate copolymers, polyaspartic acid, acid polyglutamic, and polyglutamic acid-gamma-methyl esters, and modifiers such as silane coupling agents and alcohols. Additional surfactants include olefins, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutadiene, and the like; vinyls, such as polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl esters, polyethylene; homopolymers and acrylic copolymers; phenolic; amino resins; Alkyd epoxies, siloxanes, nylons, polyurethanes, phenoxies, polycarbonates, poly sulfones, polyesters (optionally chlorinated), polyesters, acetates, polyimides, and polyoxyethylenes. Exemplary additional surfactants include crosslinked as well as crosslinked acrylates that are compatible with ultraviolet curing compositions, such as crosslinkable or crosslinkable silicone acrylate. Exemplary surfactants include those manufactured under the TEGO® Rad brand by Degussa AG (Essen, Germany) and include TEGO® Rad 2100, 2200, 2250, 2300, 2500, 2600, 2650, and 2700. The surfactant (s) are present in the compositions in the amount ranging from 0.01-2.0% w / w, such as about 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1. 8 , or 2.0% p / p. E. Diluent The present composition comprises at least one diluent. In one embodiment, the diluent is suitable for diluting oligomers. In another embodiment, the present composition comprises a reactive diluent that produces polymers through the formation of free radicals when exposed to a source of actinic radiation, such as ultraviolet light. Diluted reactants suitable for addition to the present composition exhibit at least one of the following properties: (a) high UV reactivity; (b) low shrinkage; (c) good balance of hardness and flexibility; (d) high UV stability after polymerization; (e) good viscosity reduction; and / or (f) low toxicity and irritation.

Representative diluents include, but are not limited to, isobornyl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), di-trimethylol propane (Di-TMPTA) tracrylate, propoxylated TMPTA (P06-TMPTA), and combinations thereof. In certain embodiments, the diluents that can be employed in the present composition are also categorized as mono functional or multifunctional monomers, described and listed herein. The present composition - comprises at least one diluent in an amount ranging from 2-20% w / w, such as from 5 to 18% w / w, 7 to 15% w / w, or 10 to 12% w / w . In one embodiment, the present composition comprises isobornyl acrylate in an amount ranging from 2-20% w / w, such as from 5 to 18% w / w, 7 to 15% w / w, or 10 to 12% w / w p. F. Pigments and Dispersions of Pigment The present compositions may optionally comprise at least one pigment or a pigment dispersion. The pigments are white, black, or colored insoluble materials, typically suspended in a vehicle for use in a paint or ink, and may also include effect pigments such as micas, metallic pigments such as aluminum, and opalescent pigments. The pigments are used in coatings to provide decorative and / or protective functions; however, due to their insolubility, pigments can be a possible contributing factor to a variety of problems in liquid coatings and / or dry paint films. Examples of some film defects thought to be attributable to the pigments include: undesirable shine due to aggregates, discoloration, pigment fading, flocculation and / or pigment sedimentation, separation of pigment mixtures, fragility, susceptibility to moisture, susceptibility to fungal growth, and / or thermal instability. Various organic pigments can be used in the compositions described herein, include, but are not limited to, carbon black, azo pigment, phthalocyanine pigment, thioindigo pigment, anthraquinone pigment, flavantrone pigment, indanthrene pigment, anthrapyridine pigment, pyrantrone pigment, perylene pigment , perinone pigment, and quinacridone pigment. Various inorganic pigments can be used in the compositions described herein, for example, but are not limited to titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide, iron oxides: red oxide, yellow oxide, and black oxide, blue Ultramarine, Prussian blue, chromium oxide and chromium hydroxide, barium sulfate, tin oxide, calcium, titanium dioxide (titanium rutile and anatase), sulfate, talc, mica, silicas, dolomite, zinc sulphide, antimony oxide , zirconium dioxide, silicon dioxide, cadmium sulphide, cadmium selenide, lead chromate, zinc chromate, nickel titanate, clay such as kaolin clay, muscovite and sericite. In additional or alternate embodiments, the present composition comprises dispersions of polymerizable pigments comprising at least one pigment added to an activated resin; characterized in that the activated resin is selected from a group consisting of acrylate resins, methacrylate resins, and vinyl resins; and the pigment is selected from a group consisting of carbon black, rutile titanium dioxide, organic red pigment, phthalo blue pigment, red oxide pigment, isoindoline yellow pigment, phthalo green pigment, quinacridone violet, carbazole violet, black with intensity on the surface or produced at all its concentration in a suitable vehicle, light yellow lemon oxide, light organic yellow, transparent yellow oxide, orange diarylide, quinacridone red, organic scarlet, light organic red, and dark organic red. These polymerizable pigment dispersions are distinguishable from other pigment dispersions which disperse pigment particles insoluble in some type of resin and trap the pigment particles within a polymerized matrix. The pigment dispersions used in the compositions and methods described herein have treated pigments such that they are added to acrylic resins; consequently, the pigment dispersion is polymerizable on exposure to ultraviolet irradiation. An "ideal" dispersion consists of a homogeneous suspension of primary particles. However, inorganic pigments are often incompatible with the resin in which they have been incorporated, and this usually results in the failure of the pigment to disperse uniformly. In addition, a grinding step may be required when the dry pigments comprise a mixture of primary particles, aggregates, and agglomerates that must be moistened and disintegrated before a stable pigment dispersion is obtained. The level of dispersion in a coating composition containing a particular pigment affects the application properties of the composition as well as the optical properties of the cured film. Improvements in dispersion result in improvements in brightness, color resistance, brightness and gloss retention. The present composition optionally comprises at least one pigment or pigment dispersion in the amount ranging from 1-12% w / w, such as 3-10%? / ?, or 5-8% w / w. G. Additional Agents To obtain desirable chemical and mechanical properties, the compositions herein may optionally comprise adhesion promoters, corrosion inhibitors, cure enhancers, and / or fillers. The compositions may further comprise additional fillers that are not necessarily nano-fillers, such as amorphous silicon dioxide prepared with polyethylene wax, synthetic amorphous silica with organic surface treatment, IRGANOX®, untreated amorphous silicon dioxide, quaternary alkyl bentonite, colloidal silica, acrylated colloidal silica, alumina, zirconium, zinc oxide, niobium oxide, titanium aluminum nitride, silver oxide, cerium oxide, and combinations thereof. In addition, the average size of the filled particles is less than 10 microns, or less than 5 microns, or even less than 1 micron. III. Methods for Using the Compositions The compositions described herein can be applied to fiber substrates to produce fiber products. The fiber substrates comprising the present compositions can be exposed to a source of actinic radiation, such as ultraviolet light, to effect cure. Thus, one aspect of the methods described herein is directed to methods of manufacturing fiber products, the method comprising: (a) providing a fiber substrate; (b) applying a composition to the fiber substrate to produce a fiber product; and (c) curing the fiber product, wherein the composition comprises: (i) nano-fillers; (ii) at least one photoinitiator; (iii) at least one mono functional monomer; (iv) a surfactant; (v) a diluent; and (vi) optionally, a pigment dispersion and a second photoinitiator. A. Fiber Substrates Any type of substrate that is composed of, or derived from, natural fibers, is a suitable fiber substrate. In additional or alternate modalities, fiber substrates are articles of manufacture. In additional or alternate modalities, fiber substrates are part of the articles of manufacture. The fiber substrates compatible with the present invention possess sufficient capillarity absorption action (capillary action) so that when applied, the compositions will adhere to the fiber substrate. Exemplary fiber substrates include all types of natural fabrics, such as cotton and wool fabrics; fabrics such as cotton and wool fabrics; paper of all thicknesses, such as tissue paper, envelopes, newspaper, magazine paper, book paper, business cards, writing paper and cardboard. Prior to coating, paper substrates may optionally contain writing, such as pencil, staples, seals, perforations, and / or creases. The fabric substrates may optionally contain writing, pleats, buttons, zippers, and the like. The fiber substrates may be of any size or shape, including but not limited to, square, rectangular, angular, circular, and so on. The fiber substrates can be provided in any manner sufficient to facilitate the application of the present compositions to the fiber substrate. In one embodiment, the fiber substrates can be provided on a spindle or on a roll. In another embodiment, the fiber substrates may be flat in a conveyor belt or in a tray. In another embodiment, the fiber substrates are suspended or in a moving line. Fiber substrates include: (a) Various types of paper products, such as, but not limited to, stationery, writing paper, construction paper, card stock, envelopes, paper bags, paper boxes , packs, paper labels, paper signs, newspaper, book paper, magazine paper, business cards, adequate paper to hold or contain food; Freezer® wrapping paper, paper cups for drink, cardboard and the like; (b) various types of pulp containing products, such as pressed fiber and wallboard, such as gypsum board; (c) various types of shipping materials, such as, but not limited to, envelopes, bags, boxes, packages, labels, and the like; (d) various types of markers, such as, but not limited to, garden markers, underwater markers, soil markers, and the like; (e) various types of fabrics of natural fibers, such as, but limited to, cotton, wool, linen, cashmere, hemp, ramie, silk, and the like; (f) various types of natural fiber fabrics, such as, but not limited to, cotton, wool, linen, hemp, ramie, silk, and the like; and (g) fiber substrates that do not have fiber components, such as, but are not limited to, buttons, zippers, locks, clips, snaps, rods, and the like. B. Compositions that Apply to Fiber Substrates.

In one aspect of the methods for applying compositions to fiber substrates, the present compositions are applied to fiber substrates so as to produce fiber products. The compositions can be applied to fiber substrates by means of spraying, with a brush, roller, pallet, sheet coating, curtain coating or combinations thereof. For example, the spraying means may include, but are not limited to, use of high volume low pressure spray systems (HVLP), air assisted / airless spray systems, or spray systems. electrostatic spray In one embodiment, the compositions described herein are sprayed at high pressure into a fiber product, including pressures up to 1.75 Kg / cm2 (25 psi), up to 2.10 Kg / cm2 (30 psi), up to 2.46 Kg / cm2 (35 psi) ), up to 2.81 Kg / cm2 (40 psi), up to 3.16 Kg / cm2 (45 'psi), up to 3.51 Kg / cm2 (50 psi), up to 3.86 Kg / cm2 (55 psi), up to 4.21 Kg / cm2 (60 psi), up to 4.56 Kg / cm2 (65 psi), up to 4.92 Kg / cm2 (70 psi), up to 5.62 Kg / cm2 (80 psi), up to 6.32 Kg / cm2 (90 psi), up to 7.03 Kg / cm2 (100 psi). Such applications of the high pressure compositions facilitate impregnating the composition into the interior of the fiber product. In a further embodiment, following the application of the compositions described herein, the paper is passed through rolls to aid in the distribution and / or impregnation of the composition. In one embodiment, the rollers are hard acrylic rollers. In a further embodiment, the rollers produce a uniform, fine product. In one embodiment, the fiber product is paper, card stock, or card stock. In a further embodiment, such a method allows the use of no more than 0.02 grams of composition per 6.45 cm? (in2) of the fiber product. In one embodiment, the composition is forcibly applied to the fiber substrate, or by centrifugation in the substrate, such as by means of rotating lenses. In another embodiment, the lenses are rotated by means of a reciprocator. The application of the composition by means of rotating lenses is advantageous over the application by soaking, a wired dipstick, or other design methods by descent. The application of the composition by means of rotating lenses produces fiber products having more desirable properties than the characterized fiber products because the compositions are applied by soaking, wire furring roller, and other furring methods.

The lenses can be made of poly (methyl), polyacrylamide, fluoropolymers, silicone polymers, polycarbonate CR-39, or combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the lenses are composed of polycarbonate, such as a polycarbonate contact lens. The lenses can be rotated by any acceptable means to achieve rotation, which include, but are not limited to, a spinner or reciprocator. In another embodiment, the lenses are rotated by means of a reciprocator. The lenses can rotate at any suitable speed to effect the application on the fiber substrate. For example, the lenses can rotate at about 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 80, 100, 120, 150, or 200 revolutions per minute (RPM). Alternatively, the assemblies and means for effecting rotation may have standardized speed adjustments, eg, slow, medium, high, etc. The compositions can be applied to fiber substrates under any standardized speed adjustment in an assembly or means for effecting rotation, such as a spinner or a reciprocator. In one embodiment, a measured amount of the composition is sent to the lenses to be applied to the fiber substrate. The compositions can be sent to the lenses through a syringe or pump. In another embodiment, a syringe or pump is used that uniformly sends the composition to the lenses. The amount of composition sent to the lenses depends on the type, shape, and size of the lenses as well as the fiber substrate used. A greater amount of composition will be applied to fiber substrates that are larger in size and have higher capillary absorption action compared to smaller substrates that have lower capillary absorption action. Solamence by way of example, the compositions can be applied to fiber substrates in an amount ranging from 0.01 to 2.0 grams per 6.45 cm2 (in2) of the substrate, such as approximately 0.02 - 1.5, 0.05 - 1.0, or 0.05 - 0.1 grams per 6.45 cm2 (in2) . The fiber substrates can be coated with varying amounts of the present compositions. For example, fiber substrates may be partially or partially coated with the present compositions. In one embodiment, the compositions described herein are applied to both sides of a fiber product, using any of the methods described herein. In another embodiment, the compositions described herein are applied to one side of a fiber product, using any of the methods described herein.; to prevent curling of the following product and / or during curing, the composition will preferably be applied to the back side of the fiber product. In one embodiment, a roll of paper substrate is removed and passed around lenses that are rotating by means of a reciprocator. In a further or alternative embodiment, the rotating lenses comprise the composition and the composition is applied externally to the surface of the paper substrate through the rotating lenses. In additional or alternate embodiments, the surfaces of the paper substrates become partially covered, or come to be completely covered by an uncured coating. In additional or alternate embodiments, the paper substrate with an uncured coated surface comprises non-fibrous objects such as, but not limited to, metal objects, fiberglass objects, ceramic objects, glass objects, plastic objects, or combinations of these. In additional or alternate embodiments, the surfaces of the non-fibrous objects become partially covered, or come to be completely covered by uncured coating. In additional or alternate embodiments, the composition is applied in a single application, or in multiple applications. In alternative or subsequent embodiments, the composition is applied by a single lens or by multiple lenses. In additional or alternate embodiments, the multiple compositions are applied to the fiber substrates. In alternative or subsequent embodiments, the multiple compositions are applied simultaneously to the fiber substrate. In additional or alternate embodiments, the composition is applied to fiber substrates at room temperature, or at temperatures higher or lower than room temperature. One aspect of the invention is directed to assemblies for manufacturing fiber products, wherein the assemblies comprise means for applying the present composition to fiber substrates. In one embodiment, the assemblies comprise means for spraying, curtain coating, dipping, roller or brush application, or casting the present composition on the surface of a fiber substrate. However, the most effective method of application is forced application or centrifugal application by means of lenses, and can be achieved by sending a metered measurement of a composition through a rotating lens. While not wishing to be bound by a particular theory, it is believed that the application of the composition by rotating lenses facilitates the impregnation of the composition in the fiber substrate and that the impregnation of the composition imparts desirable characteristics: (a) retention of writing ability with pen and / or ink; (b) printing retention; and / or (c) retention of brilliance. C. Curing Compositions comprising Fiber Substrates. One aspect described herein are methods, processes, devices and assemblies for curing fiber substrates comprising the present compositions. The cure can be achieved by exposure to heat or actinic radiation. Actinic radiation is selected from a group consisting of visible radiation, near visible radiation, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and combinations of these. In addition, the UV radiation can be selected from the group consisting of UV-A radiation, UV-B radiation, UV-C radiation, UV-D radiation, or combinations thereof.

Generally, ultraviolet curable compositions are prepared using a single photo-initiator or a mixture of photoinitiators sufficient to encompass all the necessary frequencies of light. These are used to work with lights or pairs of lights, arranged to ensure the complete healing of an object. Polymerization, in particular the period of conversion and induction of double ligand acrylates, can be affected by the selection of oligomers, photo-initiators, inhibitors, and pigments, as well as the output of an irradiation lamp and ultraviolet spectrum. Compared to clean coating formulations, the presence of pigments can make the cure much more complex due to the absorption of ultraviolet radiation by the pigment. In this way, the use of ultraviolet sources of variable wavelength, together with similar characteristics of absorption of photo-initiators with ultraviolet source spectral output, allows the cure of pigmented formulations. The light sources used for ultraviolet cure include arc lamps, such as carbon arc lamp, zenon arc lamps, mercury vapor lamps, tungsten halide lamps, lasers, the sun, sun lamps, and lamps fluorescents with phosphors that emit ultraviolet light. The average mercury pressure and high pressure zenon lamps have several emission lines in wavelengths that are absorbed by most commercially available photoinitiators. In addition, mercury arc lamps can be adulterated with iron or gallium. Alternatively, lasers are monochromatic (a single wavelength) and can be used to excite photo-initiators which absorb at wavelengths that are too weak or unavailable when using arc lamps. For example, medium-pressure mercury arc lamps have intense emission lines at 254 nm, 265 nm, 295 nm, 301 nm, 313 nm, 366 nm, 405/408 nm, 436 nm, 546 nm, and 577 / 579 nm. Therefore, a photo-initiator with a maximum absorbance at 350 nm may not be efficiently excited using a medium-pressure mercury arc lamp, but could be efficiently started using a Nd: YV04e solid-state lasers at 355 nm. Commercial / ultraviolet light sources with several spectral outputs in the 250-450 nm range can be used directly for cure purposes; however, wavelength selection can be achieved with the use of bandpass filters or long wavelength pass filters. Therefore, as described herein, the user can take advantage of the optimum absorbance characteristics of the photoinitiator. Despite the light source, the emission spectrum of the lamp must overlap the absorbance spectrum of the photoinitiator. Two aspects of the absorbance spectrum of the photoinitiator need to be taken into consideration. The absorbed wavelength and the absorption resistance (molar extinction coefficient). By way of example only, the photo-initiators HMPP (2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-l-one) and TPO (diphenyl (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphine oxide) in DAR 'OCUR ® 4265 (from Ciba Specialty Chemicals 540 White Plains Road, Tarrytown, New York, USA) have absorbance peaks at 270-290 nm and 360-380 nm, while DAROCUR ® 1173 (from Ciba Specialty Chemicals 540 White Plains Road , Tarrytown, New York, USA) have absorbance peaks at 245 nm, 280 nm, and 331 nm, while ESACURE ® KTO-46 (from Lamberti SpA, Gallarate (VA), Italy) has absorbance peaks between 245 nm and 378 nm, and MMMP in IRGACURE ® 907 (from Ciba Specialty Chemicals 540 White Plains Road, Tarrytown, New York, USA) absorbs at 350 nm and IRGACURE ® 500 (which is a brand of IRGACURE ® 184 (from Ciba Specialty Chemicals 540 White Plains Road, Tarrytown, New York, USA) and benzophenone) absorbs between 3? 0 nm and 450 nm. The addition of pigments to a formulation increases the opacity of the resulting coating and can have an effect on healing abilities. further, the added pigment can absorb the incidence of cure radiation and consequently affect photo-initiator performance. In this way, the cure properties of the opaque pigmented coatings may depend on the present pigment, the individual formulation, the irradiation conditions, and the reflection of the substrate. Therefore, consideration of the respective ultraviolet / viscous absorbance characteristics of the pigment and the photoinitiator can be used to optimize the ultraviolet cure of the pigmented coatings. Generally, photoinitiators used to cure pigmented formulations have a high molar extinction coefficient between longer wavelengths (300 nm - 450 nm) than those used to cure clear formulations. Although the presence of pigments can absorb radiation both in the regions of ultraviolet light and visible light, consequently it reduces the absorption adequate for radiation cure, photo-initiators type phosphine oxide, for example, but not limited to, rust of acyl phosphine, are effective in pigmented materials, including, by way of example only, black, ultraviolet curable coating materials. The phosphine oxides also find use as photoinitiators for white coatings, and enable an effective cure through the compositions described herein. The mercury gas discharge lamp is the most widely used ultraviolet source for curing, because it is a very efficient lamp with intense lines of UV-C irradiation (200-280 nm), however, it has emission lines in the spectral UV-A regions (315-400 nm) and in the UV-B regions (280-513 nm). The mercury pressure strongly affects the spectral efficiency of this lamp in the UV-A, UV-B and UV-C regions. In addition, by adding small amounts (adulterated) of silver, gallium, indium, lead, aluminum, bismuth, manganese, iron, cobalt and / or nickel to mercury such as yorides or metal bromides, the mercury spectrum can change strongly, mainly in the UV-A region, but also in the UV-B and UV-C regions. The adulterated gallium gives intense lines at 413 and 417 nm; and considering that adulteration with iron increases the power of spectral radiation in the UV-A region of 378-388 nm by a factor of 2, whereas due to the presence of UV-b and UV-G radiation, they are decreased by a factor of 3 to 7. As discussed above, the presence of pigments in a coating formulation can absorb the incident radiation and, therefore, affect the excitation of the photoinitiator. In this way, it is desirable to adjust the ultraviolet source used with the pigment dispersions and photoinitiator, the photoinitiator mixture or the photoinitiator / co-initiator mixture used. . { 0 > < } 0 { > For example, by way of example only, an adulterated mercury iron lamp (378-388 nm emission) is ideal for use with an ESA CURE ® KTO-46 photo-initiator (Lamberti S. p.A., Gallarate (VA), Italy) (with absorbance between 245 and 378 nm).

To excite mixtures of photo-initiators or mixtures of photo-initiators and co-initiators, multiple lamps with different spectral characteristics, or sufficiently different in that there is some spectral overlap, can be used. For example, by way of example only, the use of an adulterated mercury iron lamp (emission of 358-388 nm) in combination with a pure mercury arc lamp (emission 200-280 nm). The order in which the excitation sources are applied can be used advantageously. to obtain enhanced coating characteristics, such as, by way of example only, hardness, softness, gloss, adhesion, abrasion, strength, scratch resistance, impact resistance, and corrosion resistance. The initial exposure of the coated surface with a longer wavelength source is beneficial when it traps the filled nanoparticle in place and initiates polymerization near the surface, thereby imparting a smooth, adherent coating. Following this with exposure to higher energies, the shorter wavelength radiation enables a quick cure of the remaining film that has been placed on the site by means of the initial polymerization step. The exposure time to each type of lamp can be manipulated to improve the curing of the compositions described herein. One approach used for curing the compositions described herein used for coating surfaces of wood objects is to expose the coated surface to adulterated mercury arc lamps of longer wavelength for a short time than exposure to arc lamps. mercury of shorter wavelengths. However, this exposure scheme can cause the cured coatings to wrinkle / curl. Therefore, other exposure schemes involve identical exposure times for both short-wavelength mercury arc lamps, and for long-wavelength adulterated mercury arc lamps, or, alternatively, the exposure time a long-wavelength adulterated mercury arc lamp may be larger than the exposure time to short wavelength mercury arc lamps. In one embodiment, the fiber substrates comprising the present compositions are exposed to a mercury arc lamp. In additional or alternate modalities, the period of time to expose the fiber products to actinic radiation is less than 2 minutes. In additional or alternate modalities, the period of time to expose the fiber products to actinic radiation is less than 1 minute. In later embodiments, the period of time to expose the fiber products to actinic radiation is less than 15 seconds. The fiber products can optionally be exposed to two sources of actinic radiation. In additional or alternate modalities, the period of time between the first step of actinic radiation and the second step of actinic radiation is less than two minutes. In later embodiments, the period of time between the first step of actinic radiation and the second step of actinic radiation is less than one minute. In later embodiments, the period of time between the first step of actinic radiation and the second step of actinic radiation is less than 15 seconds. In additional or alternate embodiments, the length of time between the first step of actinic radiation and the second step of actinic radiation is less than the time length of the second step of actinic radiation. In additional or alternate embodiments, the length of time between the first step of actinic radiation is less than the length of time of the second step of actinic radiation. In additional or alternate embodiments, the length of time of the first step of actinic radiation is identical to the length of time of the second step of actinic radiation. The embodiments include fiber products comprising the present compositions, which exhibit at least one, two, or three of the following cure characteristics: (a) retention of writing ability with pen and / or ink; (b) printing retention; and / or (c) gloss retention. In a further or alternative embodiment, the cured fiber products exhibit at least one, two, three, or four of the following characteristics after exposure to water for at least one day: (a) retention of structural strength; (b) retention of ink or pencil writing; (c) impression retention; and / or (d) brightness retention. One aspect of the invention is laid out for assemblies for manufacturing fiber products, characterized in that the assemblies comprise means for curing fiber substrates comprising the present composition. In one embodiment, the assemblies comprise an irradiation station that includes at least one light capable of providing actinic radiation, selected from a group consisting of visible radiation, near visible radiation, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and combinations thereof. In additional or alternate embodiments, the irradiation station includes at least one light source capable of providing actinic radiation selected from a group consisting of UV-A radiation, UV-B radiation, UV-C radiation, UV-D radiation, or combinations of these. D. Assemblies, Process Lines, and Factories. In a further aspect described herein are methods for producing the present compositions which are presented and involve aggregation of components, for example by way of example only, at least one nano-filler, at least one photo-initiator, at least one mono-monomer functional, at least one surfactant, a diluent, and optionally at least one pigment dispersion and a second photo-initiator, and using a means for mixing the components to form a smooth composition. In additional or alternate embodiments, the composition can be blended into, or transferred to, a suitable container, such as, but not limited to, a can or can. In another aspect, they are assemblies for applying the composition to at least a portion of a surface of a fiber substrate comprising a means for applying the present composition to the substrate; means for irradiating the fiber substrate comprising the composition applied with a source of actinic radiation, so as to cure all or part of the applied surface. The fiber products produced by the present methods and assemblies exhibit at least one, two, or three of the following characteristics: (a) retention of writing ability with pen and / or ink; (b) printing retention; and / or (c) gloss retention. Additionally, the fiber products produced by the methods and assemblies exhibit at least * one, two, three or four of the following characteristics after being exposed to water for at least one day: (a) retention of structural strength; (b) retention of ink or pencil writing; (c) impression retention; and / or (d) brightness retention. In one embodiment, the assemblies comprise means for mixing components of the present compositions. In an additional or alternative embodiment, the assemblies comprise means for providing a fiber substrate. In a further or alternative embodiment, the assemblies comprise means for applying the present composition to a fiber substrate. In a further or alternative embodiment, the assemblies comprise means for curing fiber substrates comprising applied compositions. The fiber substrates can be provided in any manner sufficient to facilitate the application of the present compositions to the fiber substrate. In one embodiment, the fiber substrates are provided on a spindle or on a roller. In another embodiment, the fiber substrates may be flat in a conveyor belt or in a tray. In yet another mode, fiber substrates are hung on a moving line. The means for curing the fiber substrates may comprise irradiation substrates comprising the present composition, such as to partially or completely cure the surface in a radiation station. In a modality, the irradiation and the cure are together in a single station, so that the transportation of the object is not required. In still another embodiment, the means for applying the composition are located in an application station, wherein the object must be moved from an application station to an irradiation station. In yet a further embodiment, such assemblies further comprise means for moving the object from the application station to the irradiation station. In still a further embodiment, the means for moving the object comprises a conveyor belt. In additional or alternate embodiments, the irradiation station comprises a means for limiting the exposure of actinic radiation to the application station. In a further or alternative embodiment, the assemblies further comprise means for rotating the substrate around at least one axis. In still a further or alternative embodiment, the assemblies further comprise an assembly station, wherein the substrate to be applied with the composition is added to a mobile unit. In further embodiments, the mobile unit is enabled to rotate the substrate around at least one axis. In additional or alternate embodiments, the mobile unit is enabled to move the substrate from the application station to the irradiation station. In additional or alternative embodiments, the assemblies further comprise a removal station, wherein the fully cured fiber product is removed from the mobile unit. In additional embodiments, the fully cured fiber product does not require cooling before being removed from the mobile unit. In additional or alternative embodiments, the application station further comprises means for recovering the composition that is not adhered to the surface of the fiber substrate. In still further embodiments, the subsequently recovered composition is applied to a different substrate. In additional or alternative embodiments, the assembly comprises a source of actinic radiation, selected from a group consisting of visible radiation, near visible radiation, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and combinations thereof. In additional or alternative embodiments, the assembly comprises multiple sources of actinic radiation. In additional or alternate modalities, the irradiation station includes an array of mirrors. In additional embodiments, the processes further comprise adding the fiber substrate to a rotating spindle before the application step. In additional or alternative embodiments, such processes further comprise moving the transport means after adding the object to the rotating spindle to locate the object near an application station. In further embodiments, such processes further comprise applying the present composition to the application station when the spindle holds the rotating object. In additional embodiments, the transport means comprise a conveyor belt. In additional or alternate embodiments, the irradiation station comprises a cure chamber containing a first source of actinic radiation and a second source of actinic irradiation. In additional embodiments, such processes further comprises the product cured completely through the transportation means was that of the cure chamber, characterized in that the product is packaged for storage or transport. In additional or alternate embodiments, the irradiation station includes an arrangement of mirrors such that the applied surface is curing to three dimensions. In additional or alternative embodiments, the irradiation station includes an array of light sources that includes an array of light sources so that the coated surface is cured in three dimensions. In additional modalities, each light source emits different ranges of spectral wavelengths. In additional modalities, the different light sources have spectral ranges partially overlapping. In another aspect, they are production lines for applying at least a portion of a surface of a fiber substrate with the present composition comprising a process which comprises adding the substrate to means of transport; applying the present composition to an application station on the surface of the fiber substrate; moving the substrate applied through a means of transport to an irradiation station; irradiate and partially or totally cure the applied surface in the irradiation station with actinic radiation; characterized in that the curable fiber product exhibits at least one, two, or three of the following characteristics: (a) retention of writing ability with pen and / or ink; (b) printing retention; and / or (c) gloss retention. Alternatively or in conjunction, the fiber products produced by the present production lines exhibit at least one, two, three or four of the following characteristics after being exposed to water for at least one day: (a) retention of structural strength; (b) retention of ink or pencil writing; (c) impression retention; and / or (d) brightness retention. In another aspect, they are facilities or factories for producing fiber substrates comprising at least one process line for applying at least a portion of a surface to a fiber substrate with the present composition comprising a process which comprises adding the substrate to the substrate. a transportation mean; at least one process line for applying the present composition to an application station on the surface of the fiber substrate; at least one process line for moving the substrate applied through a means of transport to an irradiation station; and at least one process line for irradiating and partially or totally curing the surface applied in the irradiation station with actinic radiation; wherein the curable fiber product exhibits at least one, two, or three of the following characteristics: (a) retention of writing ability with pen and / or ink; (b) printing retention; and / or (c) gloss retention. Alternatively or together, the fiber products produced by the present production lines exhibit at least one, two, three or four of the following characteristics after being exposed to water for at least one day: (a) retention of structural strength; (b) retention of ink or pencil writing; (c) impression retention; and / or (d) brightness retention. E. Fiber Products The fiber products provided herein are fiber substrates comprising the present compositions. In alternative additional embodiments, the total surface or just a portion of the surface of the fiber products comprise the present compositions. In additional or alternate embodiments, the present compositions may be applied sparingly or heavily applied to the fiber substrate. In additional or alternate embodiments, the fiber products comprising the present compositions may be uncured, partially cured, or fully cured. In one aspect of the invention, the present curative composition provides at least one, two, or three of the following characteristics to the fiber product: (a) retention of writing ability with pen and / or ink; (b) printing retention; and / or (c) gloss retention. In one embodiment, the fiber product exhibits at least one, two, or three of the following characteristics: (a) retention of writing ability with pen and / or ink; (b) printing retention; and / or (c) gloss retention. In another of the invention, the present curable composition provides at least one, two, at least three, or at least four of the following characteristics to the fiber product after exposure to water: (a) retention of structural strength; (b) retention of ink or pencil writing; (c) impression retention; and / or (d) brightness retention. In additional or alternative embodiments, the fiber product exhibits the following characteristics after exposure to water by at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, and 60 days: (a) retention of structural resistance; (b) retention of ink or pencil writing; (c) impression retention; and / or (d) brightness retention.

In additional or alternative embodiments, the fiber product exhibits the following characteristics after exposure to water by at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, and 60. days: (a) retention of structural resistance; (b) retention of ink or pencil writing; (c) impression retention; and / or (d) brightness retention. Water exposure can be part or all of water exposure. Alternatively, water exposure may include exposure to moisture, such as steam, mist, and pressurized water vapor. Alternatively, water exposure can build water exposure that contains weather conditions, such as rain, drizzle, snow, sleet, fog, hail, and the like. Alternatively, exposure to water may constitute partial or total immersion of an object in water. Alternatively, exposure to water may be continuous, consecutive, or intermittent. For example, objects exposed to water can be submerged under water or in a pool of water. Exposure to any type of water is contemplated within the scope of the invention. The following types of water are within the scope of the invention: pure water, ironized water, non-ironised water, filtered water, salt water, rainwater, mineral water, river water, mud water, enriched water, drained water , and spring water. F. Examples of Paper Cured Products In a non-limiting example, the periodic grade paper is impregnated / coated and cured with the compositions described herein, using the methods described herein. The newspaper is then printed using standard techniques. The resulting newsprint retains (a) structural strength; (b) printing; and (d) brightness, even in the face of continuous exposure to water for a few days or weeks. A similar procedure produces magazines, books (including cookbooks), maps, field guides, business cards, envelopes, parcel material and cardboard with similar properties. In a further embodiment, the resulting fiber product is suitable paper for subsequent printing using a standard laser printer, inkjet printer, or typewriter. In addition, the applied printing can be black ink, white ink or any color ink (and combinations thereof). The resulting product of printed paper retains: (a) structural strength; (b) printing; and (d) of it, even in continuous exposure to water for several days or weeks. In another non-limiting example, the compositions described herein are coated / impregnated as described herein on food grade paper, as described herein, and the resulting product used to wrap a food product. The resulting food grade paper retains: (a) structural strength; (b) printing; and (d) brightness, even under continuous exposure to the food product for several days or weeks. By way of example only, a food product includes water, beverages, ice cream, beer, wine, soup, and coffee. In another non-limiting example, the compositions described herein are coated / impregnated as described herein on paper as described herein and the resulting product used as a roll-up, portable, dry-erase card. That is, dry erase markers can easily be written to the paper product, and the resulting writing can be erased using a standard dry type eraser. Rolling, portable, dry erase card can be used many times without loss of structural strength, writing ability or durability. Another example without limitation, the compositions described herein are coated / impregnated as described herein on a shower curtain, as described herein, and the product that is used as a shower curtain. The resulting shower curtain resists the growth of mold and mildew. III. Testing of Fiber Products The present compositions possess excellent durability and are suitable for surfaces of fiber products that encounter physical wear or are exposed to various environmental conditions. In "Mechanical Properties of Solid Coatings", Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry ("Mechanical Properties of Solid Coatings", Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry), John Wiley & amp;; Sons, 2000), which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference, describes various mechanical properties of solid coatings and various test methods for them. The descriptions of the following tests are provided by way of example only. For example, the compositions and methods described herein provide an improved cured product that exhibits improvements in at least one of the following properties: (a) retention of pen or ink writing ability; (b) printing retention; and (c) gloss retention. For example, the compositions and methods described herein provide an improved cured product that exhibits improvements in at least one of the following properties: (a) retention of structural strength; (b) retention of writing in ink or pen; (c) impression retention; and (d) brightness retention. The gloss retention prevents discoloration, such as darkening or yellowing of a material. 'Representative tests to determine brightness retention include, for example, photo-metric spectrum tests, such as optical absorption test for brightness (wavelength = 457 nm) and / or luminance (wavelength = 555 nm). Ink or pen writing retention refers to the ability of writing with ink or pen to be held in the material. Ink or pen writing retention prevents slips, leaks, and / or fading in a material. Representative tests to determine ink or pen writing retention include photo-metric spectrum tests, such as, for example, the ink elimination test (IE = Ink Elimination) and the effective residual ink concentration test (ERIC = Effective Residual Ink Concentration). Print retention refers to the printing ability that is retained in a material. Representative prints include various ink impressions, such as labels, logos, and the like. Print retention prevents slips, leaks, and / or fades in a material. Representative tests to determine print retention include various photo-spectral tests. The retention of structural strength refers to the ability of a material to retain its integrity, strength, or physical and structural durability, the retention of structural resistance prevents tearing, tearing or ruptures. Representative mechanical tests to determine structural strength retention include, for example, manual inspection, crease hardening, and tensile strength. The photo-metric spectral tests can also be used to determine the retention of structural strength. Retention of pen and / or ink writing ability refers to the ability of a material to retain its ability to be written on it by any type of pen or any ink source, such as a pen or printer. Writing ability depends on the absorbency of a material. The resistance to the growth of fungi, bacteria, and / or fungi refers to the ability of the material to inhibit or slow the growth of these molds, bacteria, and / or fungi. This characteristic can be proven by means of planting a mold, bacteria, and / or fungi in the coating and / or the cured fiber product and comparing the growth of mold, bacteria, and / or fungi in relation to a product. of uncoated and / or uncured fiber. The coated and cured fiber products described herein, in addition to retaining structural integrity and / or structural strength, also resist the growth of mold, bacteria, and / or fungi even when the fiber product is exposed to fungi, bacteria, and / or fungi in water. EXAMPLES Example 1: Formulation for clean composition. Additional embodiments for clean compositions are prepared by mixing 21.45% tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate; 11.98% isobornyl acrylate; 12.56% 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate; 13.62% 2-phenoxyethyl acrylate; 34.91% Nanocryl C-155 (available from Hansiechemie, Germany); 2.00% Irgacure 500 (available from Ciba Specialty Chemicals); 3.43% Irgacure 184 (available from Ciba Specialty Chemicals); and 0.05% Tego Rad 2100 (available from Tego Chemie). These components are completely mixed with the helical mixer until a homogeneous composition is produced. Additional modalities for clear compositions are prepared by mixing the following components: Tetra hydrofurfuril 11-13 p / p% Acrylate Isobornyl acrylate 2-22 w / w% 1,4- Butanediol 3-40 w / w% Dimethacrylate 2-phenyloxyethylene 4-49 p / p% Nanocryl Acrylate C-155 25-50 p / p% Irgacure 184 2-10 p / p% 500 Butanediol 0.5-10 p / p% TEGO® Rad 2100 0.01- 2.0 p / p% Example 2 : Formulation for pigmented composition. One embodiment for a pigmented composition is prepared by mixing 21.45% tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate; 11.98% isobornyl acrylate; 12.56% dimethacrylate 1,4-butanediol; 13.62% 2-phenoxyethyl acrylate; 34.91% Nanocryl C-155 (available from Hansiechenie, Germany); 2.00% of Irgacure 500 (available by Ciña Specialy Chemicals); 3.43% of Irgacure 184 (available from Ciba Specialy Chemicals); 0.05% of Tego Rad 2100 (available by Tego Chemie); 1-12% PC 9003, and 0.5 - 5.0% Lucerin TPO. These components are completely mixed by means of a helical mixer until a homogeneous composition is produced. Additional embodiments for pigmented compositions are prepared by mixing the following components: Tetra hydrofurfuryl 11-13 w / w% Acrylate Isobornyl acrylate 2-22 w / w% Dimethacrylate 1,4-Butanediol 3-40 w / w% 2-phenoxyethyl 4-40 p / p% Nanocryl Acrylate C-155 25-45 p / p% Irgacure 184 2-6 p / p% Irgacure 500 0.5-4.0 p / p% TEGO® Rad 2100 0.01-2.0 p / p % PC 9003 1-12 p / p% Lucerin TPO 0.5 - 5 p / p% Example 3: Procedure used to make clean presets. A further embodiment is the method used to make the present compositions. The components of the composition are mixed under air, because the presence of oxygen prevents premature polymerization. It is desired that exposure to light be kept to a minimum, particularly the use of sodium vapor lights should be avoided. However, an option * may be the use of darkroom lighting. The components used in the manufacture of the composition that comes in contact with monomers and coating mixture, such as mixing vessels and mixing sheets, should be made of stainless steel or plastic, preferably polyethylene or polypropylene. Avoid polystyrene and PVC, because the monomers and the mixture will dissolve them. In addition, contact of the monomers and the mixture with molten steel, copper alloys, acids, bases, and oxidants should be avoided. In addition, brass fittings should be avoided, because they will cause premature polymerization or become gel. The suitable mixture of the composition can be obtained after 1-3 hours using a mixer. one third of horsepower (hp) and a cylindrical tank of 190 liters (50 gallons). Smaller quantities, up to 19 liters (five gallons), can be mixed properly after three hours using a laboratory mixer (1/15-1 / 10 hp). Round reinforced containers are preferred because they prevent the accumulation of materials at the corners and any problems associated with incomplete mixing. Another parameter is that the mixing sheets should be placed outside the bottom of the mixing vessel, at a distance of half the diameter of the mixer. The monomers are first added to the mixing vessel and, if necessary, the monomers are heated gently to aid in handling. The monomers should not be heated above 49 degrees Celsius (120 ° F), therefore if heating is needed, the use of a temperature controlled oven or heating mantle is recommended. Heating is not necessary for the formation of clean coatings. Band heaters should be avoided. After the colloidal suspensions are added, in any order, followed by any ester / monomer adhesion promoter. The photo-initiators are added at the end to ensure that the time of the complete composition that has been exposed to light has been minimized. With containers or vessels protected from exposure to light, mixing is then carried out, after all the components have been added. After mixing, there are air bubbles present and the composition may appear cloudy. These bubbles disappear quickly, leaving a homogeneous composition. As a final step, before removing the coating composition from the mixing vessel, the bottom of the mixing vessel is scraped to see if any undissolved material is present. This is done as a precaution to ensure that the complete mix has taken place. If the composition is completely mixed, then the coating composition is filtered through a filter of 1 miera, using a bag filter. Then the composition is ready to be used. Example 4: Method used to make pigmented compositions. A further embodiment is the method for manufacturing pigmented compositions. Here a mixer of sufficient power and configuration is used to create laminar flow and efficiently deliver pigment dispersions to the mixer blades. For small laboratory quantities below 400 ml, a laboratory mixer or blender is sufficient. However, for quantities up to 1.89 liters (half a gallon), a 1 / 15-1 / 10 hp laboratory mixer may be used, but the mixture will take several days. For commercial quantities, a helical or sawtooth mixer of at least 30 hp can be used with a reinforced round bottom tank of 946.35 liters (250 gallons). To make a pigmented composition a clear composition, it is first mixed. See example 3. The pigment dispersion mixtures are pre-mixed before being added to the clean composition, because this ensures obtaining the correct color. The premixing of the pigment dispersions is easily achieved by whipping the pigment dispersion in a closed container, while using a powder mask. The fillers, premixed pigment / pigment dispersions and photo-initiators are then added to the clear composition and mixed for one to two hours. Complete the mixture, determined by the performance of lowering and stirring an undissolved pigment. This is accompanied by lowering a small amount of the pigmented mixture from the bottom of the mixing tank and applying a thin coating on a surface. This thin coating is then examined for the presence of any pigment that has not dissolved. The mixture is then run through a 100 mesh filter. A completely mixed pigmented composition will show few undissolved pigments, or no undissolved pigment. Example 5. Process for applying compositions to the paper surface and curing of the paper. A. Application of the composition to a sheet of paper Figure 2 illustrates an embodiment for applying the composition to the surface of a sheet of paper, as described in examples 1 and 2. The sheet of paper is placed close to rotating lenses that contain the composition. In this mode, the lenses are rotated counterclockwise by a rotating spindle. When the lenses rotate, the composition is thrown to the sheet of paper. A measured amount of the composition is added continuously to the lenses, through a syringe or pump, until the surface of the paper is covered with the composition. In one embodiment, a sheet of writing paper of 8.5 inches (21.59 cm) by 27.84 cm (11 inches) was coated. heavily with the composition of example 1 and heavy. The difference in the weight of the coated paper and an uncoated paper was calculated. An amount of 0.057 grams of the composition was applied, by 6.45 cm2 (square inch) of paper, which corresponded to approximately 5.55 grams of the composition for a 21.59 cm (8.5 inches) by 27.94 cm (11 inches) sheet. In one embodiment, a sheet of writing paper of 8.5 inches (5.5 inches) by 27 inches (11 inches) was coated with a small amount of the composition of Example 1 and weighed. The difference in the weight of the coated paper and an uncoated paper was calculated. An amount of 0.04425 grams of the composition was applied by 6.45 cm2 (square inch) of paper, which corresponded to approximately 4.14 grams of the composition for a sheet of 21.59 cm (8.5 inches) by 27.94 cm (11 inches). In one embodiment, a sheet of writing paper of 8.5 inches (21.59 cm) by 27.84 cm (11 inches) was coated with the composition of Example 2, wherein the composition comprised 9.3% white pigment dispersion. The difference in the weight of the coated paper and an uncoated paper was calculated. An amount of 0.04025 grams of the composition was applied, per 6.45 cm2 (square inch) of paper, which corresponded to approximately 3.74 grams of the composition for a sheet of 21.59 cm (8.5 inches) by 27.94 cm (11 inches). Other leaves were also obtained that had lower composition applied to the surface. B. Application of the composition to a paper roll In Figure 3 there is illustrated one embodiment for applying the composition to the paper surface on a roll, as described in Examples 1 and 2. The paper roll is placed close to a rotating lens and falls past the lenses. The lenses contain the composition and a measured amount of the composition is continuously added to the lenses, through a syringe or pump. The lenses can rotate clockwise or counterclockwise by means of a rotating spindle. When the lenses rotate, the composition is thrown to the paper roll. A measured amount of the composition is continuously added to the lenses, and applied to the paper until the surface of the paper is covered with the composition. C. Paper Cure Coated with the Compositions After applying the composition to the paper sheet or the paper roll, then the paper is exposed to an ultraviolet radiation surface to effect the cure. As illustrated in Figure 3, the paper roll comprising the composition is traced by passing the ultraviolet source. For the compositions of Example 1, the exposure of the coated paper to a mercury arc lamp is sufficient to effect the cure. For the compositions of Example 2, the exposure of the coated paper to two mercury arc lamps is sufficient to effect the cure, wherein one lamp can be a mercury arc lamp and the other lamp can be a mercury arc lamp adulterated with iron, to ensure the proper cure. Generally, the exposure time to the adulterated mercury arc lamp is less than the exposure time to the pure mercury arc lamp. The two lamps are turned off and then the cured paper is removed. Example 6: Representative Properties of Cured Paper. The cured paper made according to example 5 exhibited comparable writing ability for pens and ink, because the paper did not understand the composition. The presence of the composition did not impair the ability of the pen or ink to be absorbed in the cured paper. The cured paper made in accordance with Example 5 exhibited comparable brightness and brightness compared to paper that did not comprise the composition. Compared to paper that did not comprise the composition, the cured printed paper according to Example 5 retained the print after the composition was applied and after the paper was cured. Both ink and pencil were written on cured paper made according to example 5, and left to soak in a tub of running water at room temperature for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, and 60 consecutive days. On the basis of a visual inspection, the ink and pencil writings were retained in the cured paper after soaking in water for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, and 60 consecutive days. No apparent shift, fugue, or fading of writing in ink or pencil occurred. On the basis of a visual inspection, the brightness and luminosity were retained in the cured paper after soaking in water for 1 month., 2, .3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, and 60 consecutive days. No apparent discoloration, fungus or yellowing had occurred. On the basis of a visual inspection, the structural strength of the cured paper was retained after soaking in water for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, and 60 consecutive days. No apparent tearing, tearing, or rupture had occurred. On the basis of a visual inspection, the impression of the cured paper was retained after soaking in water for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 , 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, and 60 consecutive days. No apparent shift, leak, or fading of the impression had occurred. A commercial "On X-ray sprayer" was applied to cured paper produced by the methods of the present invention. ("Envelope X-RAY Spray,"), which temporarily changes from opaque to translucent paper to allow the user to see the contents of the envelope without opening it. The cured paper was not changed to translucent after the application of "On X-ray sprayer". In contrast, the paper that does not comprise the composition changes to translucent approximately 30 seconds after the application of the sprayer. On the other hand, the cured paper presented here is capable of resisting the absorption of organic solvents, such as alcohol and methyl ethyl ketone. While the invention has been described in connection with one embodiment, it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention to the particular form disclosed but, on the contrary, attempted to cover such alternatives, modifications, and equivalences when they may be included within the spirit and the scope of the invention, as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

CLAIMS 1. A composition characterized in that it comprises: (a) nano-fillers selected from Si02 or ?? 2? 3, · (b) at least one photo-initiator comprising an alpha-hydroxyketone; (c) at least one mono-functional monomer comprising an acrylate; (d) a diluent for oligomers, the diluent comprising an acrylate; (e) a surfactant comprising a silicone acrylate with cross-linking ability; and (f) optionally, a pigment dispersion and a second photo-initiator comprising benzol 1 diaryl phosphine oxide. The composition of claim 1, characterized in that the nanoparticles have an average diameter of about 20 nm and a particle size distribution ranging from about 5 nm to about 30 nm. The composition of claim 1, characterized in that the photo-initiator of (b) comprises 1-hydroxy-cyclohexyl-phenyl-ketone. 4. The composition of claim 1, characterized in that the photo-initiator of (b) comprises Irgacure 184 and benzophenone. The composition of claim 1, characterized in that the mono functional monomer of (c) comprises tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate. The composition of claim 1, characterized in that the mono functional monomer of (c) comprises dimethacrylate 1,4-butanediol. The composition of claim 1, characterized in that the mono functional monomer of (c) comprises 2-phenoxyethyl acrylate. The composition of claim 1, characterized in that the mono functional monomer of (c) comprises tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate, dimethacrylate 1,4-butanediol, and 2-phenoxyethyl acrylate. The composition of claim 1, characterized in that the diluent of (d) comprises isobornyl acrylate. .10. The composition of claim 1, which corresponds to: "Tetra hydrofurfuryl 11-13 w / w% Acrylate Isobornyl acrylate 2-22 w / w% 1,4- Butanediol 3-40 w / w% Dimethacrylate 2-phenoxyethyl 4- 40 p / p% Nanocryl Acrylate C-155 25-50 p / p% Irgacure 184 2-10 p / p% Irgacure 500 0.5-10 p / p% TEGO® Rad 2100 0.01-2.0 p / p% 11. Composition of claim 1, which corresponds to: Tetra hydrofurfuryl 11-13 w / w% Acrylate Isobornyl acrylate 2-22 w / w% Dimethacrylate 1,4-Butanediol 3-40 w / w% 2-phenoxyethyl 4-40 p / p% Nanocryl Acrylate C-155 25-45 p / p% Irgacure 184 2-6 p / p% Irgacure 500 0.5-4.0 p / p% TEGO® Rad 2100 0.01-2.0 p / p% PC 9003 1-12 p / p% Lucerin TPO 0.5 - 5 w / w% 12. The composition of claim 10, which corresponds to: Tetra hydrofurfuryl 21.45 w / w% Acrylate Isobornyl acrylate 11.98 w / w% Dimethacrylate 1,4-Butanediol 12.56 p / p% 2-phenoxyethyl 13.62 p / p% Nanocril C-155 acrylate 34.91 p / p% Irgacure 184 3.43 p / p% Irgacure 500 2.00 p / p% TEGO® Rad 2100 0.05 p / p% 13. A paper product comprising (a) a paper substrate; and (b) a composition comprising: (i) nano-fillers selected from Si02 or A1203; (ii) at least one mono functional monomer comprising an alpha-hydroxyketone; (iii) at least one mono functional monomer comprising an acrylate; (iv) a diluent for oligomers, the diluent comprising an acrylate; (v) a surfactant comprising an acrylate or silicone with crosslinking capability; and (vi) optionally, a pigment dispersion and a second photo-initiator comprising benzoyl diaryl phosphine oxide. 14. ' The paper product of claim 13, characterized in that the composition is impregnated on the surface of the paper substrate. 15. The paper product of claim 13, characterized in that the composition is cured on and / or on the paper substrate. 16. The paper product of claim 15, characterized in that the paper product, after exposure to water, exhibits at least one of the following characteristics selected from the group consisting of: (a) retention of the structural strength; (b) retention of ink or pencil writing; (c) impression retention; and (d) brightness retention. 17. The paper product of claim 16, characterized in that the paper product, after exposure to water, exhibits at least two of the following characteristics selected from the group consisting of: (a) retention of structural strength; (b) retention of ink or pencil writing; (c) impression retention; and (d) brightness retention. 18. The paper product of claim 17, characterized in that the paper product, after exposure to water, exhibits at least three of the following characteristics selected from the group consisting of: (a) retention of structural strength; (b) retention of ink or pencil writing; (c) impression retention; and (d) brightness retention. The paper product of claim 16, characterized in that the paper product is exposed to water by at least 1, 3, 7, 11, 14, 21, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, or 60 days. 20. The paper product of claim 21 which is a label, shipping material, newsprint, vapor barrier, garden marker, or sub aquatic marker. 21. A process for manufacturing paper products, the process comprising (a) providing a paper substrate; (b) applying a composition to the paper substrate; and (c) curing the paper substrate comprising the composition, characterized in that the composition comprises: (i) nano-fillers selected from SiO2 or A1203; (ii) at least one mono functional monomer comprising an alpha-hydroxyketone; (iii) at least one mono functional monomer comprising an acrylate; (iv) a diluent for oligomers, the. diluent comprising an acrylate; (v) a surfactant comprising a silicone acrylate with cross-linking ability; and (vi) optionally, a pigment dispersion and a second photo-initiator comprising benzoyl diaryl phosphine oxide. 22. The process of claim 21, characterized in that step (b) comprises: (i) providing a lens with the composition; and (ii) rotating the lens of (i) to apply the composition to the paper substrate; and step (c) comprises exposing the paper substrate to at least one ultraviolet light source. 23. The process of claim 21, characterized in that the composition is partially impregnated in the paper substrate. 24. The paper product produced by means of the process of claim 21. 25. The paper product of claim 22, characterized in that the paper product is exposed to water and exhibits at least one, two, three, or four of the following characteristics selected from the group consisting of: (a) 95-100% retention of structural strength; (b) 95-100% retention of writing to ink or pencil; (c) 95-100% print retention; and (d) 95-100% gloss retention.