MX2007016052A - Methods for modulating eicosanoid metabolism - Google Patents

Abstract

The inventive subject matter relates to methods for modulating an eicosanoid metabolic process in cells of an animal in need thereof, which comprises administering to the animal an amount of the inventive compositions effective for regulating the activity of an eicosanoid oxygenase. In particular, the inventive subject matter relates to methods for modulating arachadonic acid metabolism by administering an amount of the inventive compositions effective for regulating the activity of lipoxygenases and cyclooxygenases.

Description

METHODS TO MODULATE EICOSANOID METABOLISM FIELD OF THE INVENTION The subject matter of the invention relates to methods for modulating an eicosanoid metabolic process in the cells of an animal in need thereof, which comprises administering to the animal a quantity of the compositions of the inventive effective to regulate the activity of an eicosanoid oxygenase. In particular, the subject matter of the invention relates to methods for modulating the arachidonic acid metabolism by administering a quantity of the inventive compositions effective to regulate the activity of lipoxygenases and cyclooxygenases.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Although the process has been performed for the early diagnosis and treatment of cancers such as prostate cancer, prostate cancer remains the most common malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men. in the U.S. One of the most interesting aspects of this disease is the fact that latent prostate cancer occurs in equal proportions in men in both Asia and America, while the incidence of clinically significant prostate cancer is much higher in Americans than in Asia. . There are many reasons to believe that this discrepancy is related to the dietary intake of different populations and these observations have stimulated the extensive search in several dietary factors that could influence the progression of prostate cancer. Some epidemiological studies suggest that this may be partly due to poor fat intake in Asian diets compared to the typical Western diet, so much so that high-fat diets have been linked to the elevated risks of prostate cancer.

Applicants have found that administration of the compositions of the invention inhibits NF-kB activation. TNF-induced in KBM-5 cells of myeloid leukemia and induced NF-kB activation-condensed in cigarette smoke in H1299 cells of lung adenocarcinoma. The administration of the inventive compositions also leads to the suppression of induced TNF cell invasion and abrogates the RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. In addition, the administration of the compositions of the invention suppresses the induced TNF expression of several proliferative and antiapoptotic metastasis gene products.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The subject matter of the invention relates to a method for modulating an eicosanoid metabolic process in the cells of an animal in need thereof, which comprises administering to the animal an amount of an effective composition for regulating the activity of an oxygenase. eicosanoid, wherein the composition comprises therapeutically effective amounts of supercritical extracts of rosemary, Indian saffron, oregano and ginger and therapeutically effective amounts of hydroalcoholic extracts of sacred basil, ginger, saffron from India, Sc? tellaria baicalensis, rosemary, tea green, huzhang, chinese goldthread and barberry.

The subject matter of the invention further relates to a method for delivering 13-S-HODE to an animal in need thereof, which comprises administering to an animal a composition comprising therapeutically effective amounts of supercritical extracts of rosemary, saffron from the Indian, oregano and ginger and therapeutically effective amounts of hydroalcoholic extracts of sacred basil, ginger, Indian saffron, Scutellaria baicalensis, rosemary, green tea, huzhang, Chinese goldthread and barberry.

Additionally, the subject subject of the invention relates to a method for inhibiting inflammation mediated by arachidonic acid in an animal in need thereof, comprising administering to the animal a composition comprising therapeutically effective amounts of supercritical extracts of rosemary, saffron from the Indian, oregano and ginger and therapeutically effective amounts of hydroalcoholic extracts of sacred basil, ginger, Indian saffron, Scutellaria baicalensis, rosemary, green tea, huzhang, Chinese goldthread and barberry.

Therefore, the subject matter of the invention relates to a method for modulating the level of NF-kB-regulated gene products in the cells of an animal in need thereof, comprising administering to the animal a composition comprising quantities therapeutically effective supercritical extracts of rosemary, Indian saffron, oregano and ginger and therapeutically effective amounts of hydroalcoholic extracts of holy basil, ginger, saffron from India, Scutellaria baicalensis, rosemary, green tea, huzhang, Chinese goldthread and barberry.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES Figure 1 is a graph depicting the inhibitory effect of the compositions of subject matter of the present invention on the growth of prostate cancer cell lines PC3 in humans and lung cancer A549 in humans, where: A = percentage of cell growth control B = concentration.

Figure 2 is a graph depicting the effect of the compositions of the invention on the formation of PGE2, wherein: B = concentration (ul / ml).

Figure 3 is a graph depicting the effect of the compositions of the invention on the formation of PGE2 and 5-HETE in PC3 cells, wherein: B = concentration (ul / ml).

Figure 4 is a graph depicting the concentration dependent effect of inventive compositions on eicosanoid metabolism in lung cancer cells A549 in humans, wherein: C = eicosanoids (n / ml) B = concentration ( ul / ml).

Figure 5 shows the data of the mass spectrum showing the presence of 13-S-HODE in the compositions of the invention.

Figure 6 is a graph depicting the anti-inflammatory effects of the compounds of the invention in edema of the mouse ear, wherein: D = differential weight of the ear (g).

Figure 7 is a graph depicting the effect of 13-S-HODE on the proliferation of several cancer cell lines, wherein: A = control percentage B = concentration (uM).

Figure 8 is a graph depicting the inhibitory effect of the compounds of the invention on the growth of human breast cancer MDA231 and MCF7 cell lines, wherein: A = percentage of cell growth control B '= concentration of zyflamend (ug / ml).

Figure 9 is a Western hybridization representing the ability of the inventive compositions to down-regulate in a concentration-dependent manner the presence of 5-lipoxygenase in human tumor cell lines (e.g. PC3).

Figure 10 is a graph depicting the effect of the inventive compositions on mouse ear edema mediated by arachidonic acid (AA), wherein: E = treatment groups F = relative weight of the mouse ear.

Figure 11 is a series of photographs depicting TRAP-positive RAW 264.7 cells following incubation either alone or in the presence of 5 nM RANKL with 0.8 mg / ml of the inventive composition for 5 days.

Figure 11A is a graph representing the number of multiple nucleus osteoclasts (three nuclei) counted in RAW 264.7 cells followed by incubation alone or in the presence of 5 nM RANKL with 0.8 mg / ml of inventive compositions for 5 days.

Figure 12 is a graph depicting an invasion test of a Matrigel invasion chamber after overnight co-incubation of 0.3 mg / ml of inventive compositions and 1 nM of TNF for 24 hours in the presence and in the absence of 1% serum.

Figure 13 is a series of photographs depicting cell death of cells U266 of multiple myeloma in humans incubated with 1 nM of TNF, 1 nM of taxol and 300 nM of doxorubicin alone or in combination with 0.5 mg / ml of the compositions of the invention, determined by the calcein AM based on the DEATH test? IDA as described in this document. The red color highlights the dead cells and the green color indicates the living cells.

Figure 14 is a photograph depicting NF-kB activation of pre-incubated KBM-5 cells with indicated concentrations of inventive compositions and treated with 0.1 nM TNF for 30 minutes.

Figure 14A is a photograph depicting NF-kB activation of KBM-5 cells pre-incubated with 1 mg / ml of inventive compositions and treated with 0.1 nM TNF for 30 minutes.

Figure 14B is a photograph depicting NF-kB activation of KBM cells pre-incubated with 1 mg / ml of inventive compositions and treated with cigarette smoke (10 μg / ml) for 1 hour.

Figure 15 is a photograph depicting the expression of metastatic and proliferative proteins in KBM-5 cells incubated with 1 mg / ml of inventive compositions for 1 hour and treated with 1 nM of TNF for the indicated times.

Figure 15A is a photograph depicting the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins in KBM-5 cells incubated with 1 mg / ml of inventive compositions for 1 hour and treated with 1 nM of TNF for the indicated times.

Figure 16 is a series of graphs that represent the distribution lines of the cell cycle. The upper left traces represent a normal cell cycle distribution of PC3 cells. In the tracings to the upper right, the size of the 62 / M peak increases. The trace on the lower left and lower right shows a block of the cell cycle increasing due to the increased concentration of the inventive compositions.

Figure 16A is a graph depicting data from the flow cytometric analyzes in Figure 16 as a histogram, where: G = percentage of cell cycle B = concentrations (ul / ml).

Figure 17 is a series of graphs representing the PC3 cells treated with the inventive compositions at indicated concentrations and subsequently labeled with Pl and Annexin V solution.

Figure 17A is a graph depicting PC3 cells treated with the compositions of the invention, wherein: I = early apoptosis Figure 17B is a graph depicting PC3 cells treated with the compositions of the invention.

Figure 17C is a graph depicting PC3 cells treated with the compositions of the invention, wherein: II = late apoptosis.

Figure 17D is a graph depicting data from flow cytometric analyzes in Figure 17 as a histogram, where: a = labeled annexin V b = Pl labeled B cells = concentration (ul / ml) G = percentage of cells.

Figure 18 is a graph representing the formation of PGE2 in relation to the concentrations of the inventive compositions shown, wherein: B = concentration (ul / ml).

Figure 18A is a graph depicting the formation of 5-HETE in relation to the concentrations of the inventive compositions shown.

Figure 18B is a graph representing the formation of 12-HETE in relation to the concentrations of the inventive compositions shown.

Figure 18C is a photograph of a Western hybridization depicting the treatment of PC3 cells with the compositions of the inventive and the cellular content of the 5-LOX protein.

Figure 19 is a photograph of a Western hybridization representing the retinoblastoma protein as both non-phosphorylated (Rb) and phosphorylated (pRb) proteins, wherein: B = concentration (ul / ml).

Figure 19A is a graph that represents the data in Figure 19 after analyzing the gels in a photometric analysis device to allow quantification of the density of the bands, where: A = control percentage B = concentration (ul / ml).

Figure 20 is a graph depicting PC3 cells treated with the inventive compositions at the indicated concentrations and the inhibition of cell proliferation, wherein: H = relative fluorescence absorbance.

Figure 20A is a photograph of a Western hybridization representing a concentration dependent on the decline in pRb expression produced by the compositions of the inventive.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Definitions The term "modulation" refers to the process of producing an effect of biological activity, function, health or condition of an organism in which said biological activity, function, health or condition is maintained, improved, diminished or treated in a manner that is consistent with the general health and well-being of the organism.

The term "improving" the biological activity, function, health or condition of an organism refers to the process of increasing, fortifying, resisting or improving.

The term "eicosanoid" refers to any class of compounds derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as arachidonic acid and linolinic acid and involved in cellular activity.

The term "oxygenase" refers to any class of enzymes that catalyzes the incorporation of molecular oxygen into its substrate.

The term "supercritical gas" or "supercritical fluid" as used herein refers to a gas that is heated to a point of critical temperature, over which the gas will maintain its gaseous state and does not return to a liquid no matter what the gas is. Pressure. A gas heated to a temperature above its critical point will become very dense in compression, so that its characteristics resemble that of a fluid, but it will become liquid. Carbon dioxide is commonly used in applications that require a supercritical fluid. The general properties of the supercritical fluid and the general use of the supercritical fluids in the extraction processes are described in, for example, Taylor, Suprecritical Fluid Extraction, Wiley, 1996; McHugh and Krukonis, Supercritical Fluid Extraction: Principles and Practice, 2nd. edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, 1994; and Williams and Clifford, Supercritical Fluid Methods and Protocols, Humana Press, 2000, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

The applicants have developed a mixture comprised of herbal extracts and the mixture has COX-2 inhibitory activity. Applicants' compositions are unique in that some components of the composition are prepared via a supercritical C02 extraction process. Despite traditional solvent-based extraction methods, supercritical C02 extraction allows natural products in the herbs to be obtained without leaving chemical residue behind the preparation.

The term "supercritical extraction" as used herein refers to the technique in which hydrophobic compounds can be extracted from the samples using a supercritical fluid. The solvation energy of a supercritical fluid increases as pressure and temperature increase above its critical points producing an effective solvent for the isolation of hydrophobic molecules. The term "supercritical extracts" refers to extracts prepared by supercritical extraction.

The term "hydroalcoholic extraction" as used herein refers to the technique in which hydrophilic compounds can be extracted from a sample using a solution of alcohol and water, followed by evaporation of the solution to produce an extract consisting of dissolved solids. The term "hydroalcoholic extracts" refers to extracts prepared by hydroalcoholic extraction.

The term "13-S-HODE" refers to 13-hydroxyoctadeca-9Z, 1-E-dienoic acid.

The term "NF-kB" or "nuclear factor kappa B" refers to a multiple subunit transcription factor involved in the expression of the gene. The active NF-kB consists of a dimer of a subunit of the REL / p65 family and a p52 or p50 subunit. The NF-DB is maintained in the cytoplasm through interactions with its inhibitor IkB, but in the translocation dissociation in the nucleus.

Inventive compositions Inventive compositions are a genus of polyherbal preparations comprising constituents that exhibit anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory activities, anti-angiogenic and apoptotic antioxidants. The compositions of the invention are comprised of therapeutically effective amounts of supercritical extracts of rosemary, Indian saffron, oregano and ginger and therapeutically effective amounts of hydroalcoholic extracts of basil, ginger, saffron from Indians, Scutellaria baicalensis, rosemary, green tea, Huzhang, Chinese goldthread and Barberry.

In one aspect, the active composition comprises: (A) from about 4.5% to about 7.5% and more preferably from about 5.5% to about 6.5%, by weight of the hydroalcoholic extract of ginger; (B) from about 5.5% to about 8.5% and more preferably from about 6% to about 8%, by weight of the supercritical extract of ginger; (C) from about 1.0% to about 1.5% and more preferably from about 1.2% to about 1.4%, by weight of the supercritical extract of Indian saffron; (D) from about 10.0% to about 16.0%, and more preferably from about 11.5% to about 14.5%, by weight of the supercritical rosemary extract; (E) from about 4.0% to about 6.0% and more preferably from about 4.5% to about 5.5%, by weight of the supercritical extract of the oregano; (F) from about 10.0% to about 16.0% and more preferably from about 11.5% to about 14.5%, by weight of the hydroalcoholic extract of Indian saffron; (G) from about 5.5% to about 8.0% and more preferably from about 6.0% to about 7.0%, by weight of the hydroalcoholic extract of rosemary, (H) from about 10.0% to about 16.0% and more preferably from about 11.5% to about 14.5%, by weight of the hydroalcoholic extract of the basil; (I) from about 10.0% to about 16.0% and more preferably from about 11.5% to about 14.5%, by weight of the hydroalcoholic extract of green tea; (J) from about 8.0% to about 12.0% and more preferably from about 9.0% to about 11.0%, by weight of the huzhang hydroalcoholic extract; (K) from about 4.0% to about 6.0% and more preferably from about 4.5% to about 5.5%, by weight of the hydroalcoholic extract of the Chinese goldthread; (L) from about 4.0% to about 6.0% and more preferably from about 4.5% to about 5.5%, by weight of the hydroalcoholic extract of barberry and (M) from about 2.0% to about 3.0% and more preferably from about 2.25% to approximately 2.75% by weight of the hydroalcoholic extract of Scutellaria baicalensis.

Optionally, the hydroalcoholic extract of ginger, rosemary, saffron from Indian or oregano used in the present invention is preferably prepared as follows. The plant or a plant thereof, which is preferably cryogenetically grown to preserve its heat-sensitive components, is subjected to supercritical extraction, preferably with carbon dioxide to obtain an oil extract, referred to herein as "the supercritical abstract. " In a further optional embodiment, an oil-free residue is isolated from the first stage and subsequently extracted in a water / alcohol mixture, preferably water / ethanol composed of 60-80 parts of alcohol and 40-20 parts of water. The alcohol / water liquid is then evaporated, leaving a residue of powdered extract, referred to herein as "hydroalcoholic extract".

The supercritical extracts of ginger, rosemary, saffron from Indian and oregano optionally used in the present invention can be prepared in accordance with known supercritical extraction methods, such as those described in for example E. Stahl, K. W. Quirin, D, Gerard, Dense Gases for Extraction and Refining, Springer Verlag 4 1988, which is incorporated herein by reference.

In a preferred aspect, the weight ratio of the supercritical ginger extract for the hydroalcoholic extract of ginger is from about 0.8: 1 to about 1.4: 1.

The hydroalcoholic extracts of rosemary, saffron from Indian, basil, green tea, huzhang, Chinese goldthread, barberry and Scutellaria baicalensis used in the present invention can be prepared in accordance with conventional hydroalcoholic extraction techniques. For example, hydroalcoholic extracts can be prepared by extracting the portion of the plant in a water / alcohol mixture, preferably water / ethanol, preferably composed of 60-80 parts of alcohol and 40-20 parts of water and subsequently evaporating the water / alcohol liquid leaving a residue of powdered extract referred to herein as the "hydroalcoholic extract".

In yet another aspect, the weight ratio of the hydroalcoholic extract of saffron from the Indian to be the supercritical extract of Indian saffron is from about 8: 1 to about 12: 1.

In an alternate aspect, the weight ratio of the rosemary supercritical extract for the hydroalcoholic extract of rosemary is from about 1.6: 1 to about 2.4: 1.

In yet another aspect, the hydroalcoholic extract of ginger comprises from about 2.4% to about 3.6%, more preferably from about 2.7% to about 3.3% and more preferably about 3.0% by weight of the spicy compounds.

In another aspect, the supercritical extract of ginger comprises from about 24% to about 36%, more preferably from about 27% to about 33% and more preferably from about 30%, by weight of the spicy compounds and from about 6.4% to about 9.6%, more preferably from about 7.2% to about 8.8% and more preferably about 8% by weight of zingiberene.

In a further aspect, the supercritical Indian saffron extract comprises from about 36% to about 54%, more preferably from about 40.5% to about 49.5% and more preferably about 45% by weight of the turmerons.

In another aspect, the supercritical extract of rosemary comprises from approximately 18. 4% to about 27.6%, more preferably from about 20.7% to about 25.3% and more preferably from about 23% by weight of the total phenolic antioxidants.

In yet another aspect, the supercritical extract of the oregano comprises more than about 4.0%, more preferably from about 4.5% to about 5.5% and more preferably about 5.0% by weight of the total phenolic antioxidants.

In a still further aspect, the hydroalcoholic extract of Indian saffron comprises from about 5.6% to about 8.4%, more preferably from about 6.3% to about 7.7% and more preferably about 7% by weight of curcumin.

In another aspect, the hydroalcoholic extract of rosemary comprises from about 18.4% to about 27.6%, more preferably from about 20.7% to about 25.3% and more preferably about 23% by weight of the total phenolic antioxidants.

In a further embodiment, the hydroalcoholic extract of the basil comprises from about 1.6% to about 2.4%, more preferably from about 1.8% to about 2.2% and more preferably about 2%, by weight of the ursolic acid.

In a further aspect, the hydroalcoholic extract of green tea comprises from about 36% to about 54%, more preferably from about 40.5% to about 49.5% and more preferably about 45% by weight of the polyphenols.

In another aspect, the hunzhang hydroalcoholic extract comprises from about 6.4% to about 9.6%, more preferably from about 7.2% to about 8.8% and more preferably about 8% by weight of reservoirs.

In another embodiment, the hydroalcoholic extract of the Chinese goldthread comprises from about 4.8% to about 7.2%, more preferably from about 5.4% to about 6.6% and more preferably about 6% by weight of berberine.

In a further aspect, the hydroalcoholic extract of barberry comprises from about 4.8% to about 7.2%, more preferably from about 5.4% to about 6.6% and more preferably about 6%, by weight of berberine.

In an alternate aspect, said composition comprises: (A) from about 4.5% to about 7.5% by weight of the hydroalcoholic extract of ginger, wherein the extract comprises from about 2.4% to about 3.6% by weight of the spicy compounds; (B) from about 5.5% to about 8.5% by weight of the hydroalcoholic extract of ginger, wherein the extract comprises from about 24% to about 36% by weight of the spicy compounds and from about 6.4% to about 9.6% by weight of the zingibereno; (C) from about 1.0% to about 1.5% by weight of the supercritical extract of Indian saffron, wherein the extract comprises from about 36% to about 54% by weight of the tumerones; (D) from about 10.0% to about 16.0% by weight of the rosemary supercritical extract, wherein the extract comprises from about 18.4% to about 327.6% by weight of the total phenolic antioxidants; (E) from about 4.0% to about 6.0% by weight of the supercritical extract of oregano, wherein the extract comprises more than about 4.0% by weight of the total phenolic antioxidants; (F) from about 10.0% to about 16.0% by weight of the hydroalcoholic extract of Indian saffron, wherein the extract comprises from about 5.6% to about 8.4% by weight of the curcumin; (G) from about 5.5% to about 8.0% by weight of the hydroalcoholic extract of rosemary, wherein the extract comprises from about 18.4% to about 27.6% by weight of the total phenolic antioxidants; (H) from about 10.0% to about 16.0% by weight of the hydroalcoholic extract of the basil, wherein the extract comprises from about 1.6% to about 2.4% by weight of the ursolic acid; (I) from about 10.0% to about 16.0% by weight of the hydroalcoholic extract of green tea, wherein the extract comprises from about 36% to about 54% by weight of the polyphenols; (J) from about 8.0% to about 12.0% by weight of the hydroalcoholic extract of huzhang, wherein the extract comprises from about 6.4% to about 9.6% by weight of reservatrols; (K) from about 4.0% to about 6.0% by weight of the hydroalcoholic extract of the Chinese goldthread, wherein the extract ranges from about 4.8% to about 7.2% by weight of berberine; (L) from about 4.0% to about 6.0% by weight of the hydroalcoholic extract of barberry, wherein the extract from about 4.8% to about 7.2% by weight of berbepna and (M) from about 2.0% to about 3.0% by weight of the hydroalcoholic extract of Scutellaria bicalensis; and wherein said composition further comprises: (i) the supercritical extract of the ginger and the hydroalcoholic extract of the ginger in a weight ratio of from about 0.8 to about 1.4 parts of the supercritical extract per 1 part of the hydroalcoholic extract; (ii) the hydroalcoholic extract of the Indian saffron and the supercritical extract of the Indian saffron in a weight ratio of from about 8 to about 12 parts of the hydroalcoholic extract per 1 part of supercritical extract and (iii) the supercritical extract of the rosemary and the hydroalcoholic extract of rosemary in a weight ratio of from about 1.6 to about 2.4 parts of the supercritical extract per 1 part of the hydroalcoholic extract.

In an alternate aspect, the composition comprises an additional agent selected from the group consisting of antineoplastic agents, growth inhibiting agents and nutrients.

Established in Table 1 is a preferred embodiment of the orally administered composition, excluding the inactive ingredients, as used in the methods of the invention. The amounts set forth in Table 1 represent the preferred dose of the listed ingredients.

Table 1 Herb Type of Extract Part of Quantity Plant (mg) Rosemary Supercritical Sheet 100 Rosemary Hydroalcoholic (23% TPA 34.5 mg) Leaf 50 Saffron from the Supercritical / 45% Turmerones 4.5 mg) 10 Indian rhizome Saffron from the Hydroalcoholic ( 7% curcumin 7 mg) Indian rhizome 100 Supercritical ginger (30% spicy compounds, 16.2 mg 8% zingiberene) Rizoma 54 Hydroalcoholic ginger (3% spicy compounds) Rhizome 46 Hydroalcoholic basil (2% ursolic acid 2 mg) Leaf 100 Hydroalcoholic green tea (45% polyphenols 45 mg) Leaf 100 Huzhang Hydroalcoholic (8% reserve 6,4 mg) Roots & rhizome 80 Goldthread ch ino Hydroalcoholic (6% berberine) Root 40 Barberry Hydroalcoholic (6% berberine 2.4 mg) Root 40 Supercritical oregano (= 4.0% TPA 1.8 mg) Leaf 40 Scutellaria Hydroalcoholic (5: 1) Root 20 Baicalensis - Preferably, the composition set forth in Table 1 also includes extra virgin oil and yellow beeswax.

Subject Matter Methods of Inventiveness Subject matter compositions of inventiveness generally comprise standardized supercritical C02 concentrated extracts of plant products (ginger, rosemary, Indian saffron root, basil, green tea, huzhang, goldthread chimo, barberry, oregano and Baikal skullcap) typically consumed on an eastern diet.

The compositions of the invention were investigated for their anti-proliferative effects in human PC3 cells and specifically analyzed for their effects on eicosanoid metabolism in this prostate cancer cell line. Inventive compositions were observed to produce a concentration-dependent inhibition of cloned COX-1, COX-2 and 5-LOX activities with the inhibition of 5-HETE production being greater than that of the PGE2 formation.

Applied to intact PC3 cells, inventive compositions are found to be more potent against 12-LOX followed by 5-LOX and subsequently COX activities. Surprisingly, the appearance of 13-S-HODE in PC3 cells was due to the presence of this eicosanoid in the inventive composition by itself and not to a stimulation of 15-LOX activity within the cells. The concentration-dependent inhibition of PC3 cell proliferation was associated with selective 62 / M arrest of the cell cycle and induction of apoptosis as evidenced by the flow cytometric labeling of PC3 cells with annexin V and phosphatidyl inositol.

The compositions of the invention also produce a down regulation dependent on the concentration of 5-LOX and 12-LOX expression, although at high concentrations up-regulation of COX-2 expression was noted. The phosphorylation status of several cellular signal transduction proteins was determined. The compositions of the invention produced an increase in p21 phosphorylation but lowered the regulated phosphorylation of Rb and STAT1 proteins. The decrease in pRb proteins was shown to be due to 12-LOX inhibition and a decline in HETE levels in the cells. The addition of 12-HETE back to the cells treated with the compositions of the invention outweighed the ability of the inventive compositions to inhibit cell proliferation and accordingly 12-HETE blocked the ability of the inventive compositions to regulate in descending the phosphorylation of the Rb protein.

It is concluded that the effective control of the cellular proliferation of human prostate cancer with the inventive compositions is multi-mechanistic but in part involves the regulation of aberrant cellular tumor eicosanoid metabolism such as 12-LOX, the application of derived eicosanoid products of plants such as 13- (S) -HODE as well as the restoration of the function of the tumor suppressor protein Rb through the regulation of its phosphorylation state.

In addition, other experiments demonstrated that while the compositions have shown potent inhibition of cyclooxygenase activities (cloned COX-1 and COX-2), the ability to reduce the growth of prostate tumor cell growth in humans produced by this product is believed to be It is largely due to the independent COX-2 mechanisms. Using a method based on LC / MS / MS that simultaneously determines multiple eicosanoids in cells and tissues, changes in eicosanoid metabolism in the cells and tissues produced by this unique herbal composition were examined.

The endogenous levels of intracellular PGE2, 12-HETE as well as 5-HETE declined in a concentration-dependent manner in the exposure of the compositions. In contrast, cellular levels of 15-HETE and 13-HODE were elevated. The elevation of 13-HODE was dramatic, but as previously described, it was due to a high content of 13-HODE present in the herbal composition by itself and was not dependent on the cellular generation of this important eicosanoid. The 13-HODE levels were considered to be high enough to account for the inhibition of tumor cell growth that was independently verified by the addition of authentic 13-HODE for tumor cell cultures.

Exposure of human tumor cells (PC3 prostate cancer cells) to the composition of the invention also resulted in the down regulation of 5-LOX expression as determined by Western hybridization assays. The ability of the inventive composition to block the inflammation of the mouse ear mediated by arachidonic acid was also evaluated. The compositions of the invention produced significant inhibition of LTB4 synthesis and up-regulated the production of 15-HETE.

In addition, the subject matter of the invention relates to a method for modulating an eicosanoid metabolic process in cells or in an animal in need thereof, which comprises administering to the animal an amount of an effective composition for regulating the activity of a eicosanoid oxygenase, wherein the composition comprises therapeutically effective amounts of supercritical extracts of rosemary, Indian saffron, oregano and ginger and therapeutically effective amounts of hydroalcoholic extracts of basil, ginger, saffron from Indians, Scutellaria baicalensis, rosemary, green tea, Huzhang, Chinese goldthread and Barberry.

In one aspect of the subject matter of the invention, the cells are cancer cells. In one embodiment, the cancer cells comprise prostate cancer cells, breast cancer cells, lung cancer cells, colon cancer cells or a combination thereof.

In an alternate modality, the eicosanoid metabolic process is the aberrant metabolism associated with cell transformation for cancer, cancer cell proliferation, cancer cell metastasis, cancer cell invasion, cancer cell-modulated angiogenesis, suppression of apoptosis modulated by cancer cells or a combination thereof.

Eicosanoid metabolism. The arachidonic acid and its precursor, linoleic acid along with linolinic acid are present in animal fats and a variety of vegetable oils that were generally thought to be consumed in large quantities in the typical Western diet compared to Eastern diets. The high intake of these fatty acids provides increased substrate availability for oxygenates such as lipoxygenases (LOX) and cyclooxygenases (COX), the enzymes that are responsible for converting eicosanoids such as arachidonic acid into signaling molecules such as prostaglandins, leukotrienes, lipoxins, 13-S-HODE, 5-HETE and 12-HETE. In addition to their vital role as second messengers in many important biological pathways, these products of eicosanoid metabolism have been implicated in all aspects of tumor development, progression, proliferation and metastasis.

Lipoxiqenases and Eicosanoid Metabolism. Lipoxygenase enzymes (LOXs) are known to be key regulators of cell survival and apoptosis in cells. They constitute a heterogeneous family of enzymes that peroxidize the lipids that are categorized with respect to their regional specificity of the oxygenation of arachidonic acid. The LOXs have been designated as isoforms 5-, 8-, 12- and 15-LOX, which produce terminal products known as 5 (S) -, 8 (S) -, 12 (S) - and 15 (S) -HETEs. The application of LC / MS / MS analyzes of COX and LOX metabolism in PC3 cells was taken using a previously published technique. The results showed that the inventive compositions were as expected, an inhibitor of both of the activity of the cloned enzyme COX-1 and COX-2. In addition, it also inhibited cloned 5-LOX activity and in fact was more potent as a 5-LOX inhibitor than as a COX inhibitor. The treatment of the PC3 cells in culture showed that the ability of the inventive compositions to inhibit their 5-LOX ability and this, in turn, was less than the inhibition mediated with the composition of the inventive 12-LOX, an enzyme known to be important in the proliferation and metastasis of prostate cancer in humans. 12-HETE. Several lines of evidence now clearly implicate 12-LOX as a regulator of the development of cancer cells. K. Honn's laboratory, in particular, has contributed greatly to understanding the role of platelet-like 12-LOX and its product 12 (S) -HETE in prostate cancer in humans. They reported, for example that 12-LOX is expressed in several prostate cancer cell lines, that 12-LOX inhibitors such as baicalein or BHPP significantly inhibit prostate tumor metastases and that 12-LOX levels correlate with the degree and severity of prostate tumors in humans. A recent elegant report from this group has also shown that baicalein inhibition of prostate cell growth and proliferation is specifically associated with 12-LOX inhibition and that the decline in 12-HETE correlates with a loss of phosphorylated Rb proteins. The decreased phosphorylation of RB, in turn, results in the RB protein remaining attached to the transcription factors required for DNA synthesis and also results in the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation.

There are many bioactive lipids involved in the inflammation associated with cancers such as prostate cancer in the early stage. These include the well-documented ability of PGE2 to stimulate tumor cell proliferation. This typically occurs through an over-expression of COX-2 in tumors as well as the most recent finding in the decrease of PGDH activity, the enzyme responsible for the metabolism of PGE2. The lipoxygenase products such as 5-HETE of 5-lipoxygenase and 12-HETE of 12-lipoxlgenase have also been shown to specifically lead to cell proliferation of the prostate tumor. Because 12-HETE has been shown to be associated with the proliferation of prostate cancer, metastasis and angiogenesis, it suggests that the inhibition of 12-LOX represents a potential therapeutic advance that has recently been made in the treatment of prostate cancer. Other eicosanoids such as 13-S-HODE, the product of 15-LOX-1 and 15-HETE, the product of 15-LOX-2 seem to play the opposite effects on signaling in cancers, especially prostate cancer and can In fact, being a selective type tumor in its effects.

To better understand the role of the selected bioactive eicosanoids in the progression of tissue inflammation to malignant disease, the applicants have taken an examination of the profiles of the prostatic cell-related inflammation that the applicants developed. This method allows the determination of "mini-lipidomics" in the cell or tissue samples through the simultaneous analysis of more than 10 cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase and / or cytochrome P4500 derived from the eicosanoids at a time without the need for addition of exogenous substrates such as arachidonic acid or líneleic acid.

To better understand the role of eicosanoids in human cancer, the applicants used this novel tissue inflammation test in PC3 cells to determine the effect of the inventive compositions on eicosanoids derived from cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase which are believed to be important in the proliferation of this human disease. Applicants have determined what effects, if any, inventive compositions produce on the eicosanoid metabolism beyond the inhibition of cyclooxygenase activity. Our data suggest that this multi-herb product inhibits 5-LOX and 12-LOX activities. The last finding may be of special interest in that the suppression of 12-LOX activity was found to be associated specifically with the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and Rb phosphorylation and in addition the return of tumor suppressor activity to tumor cells of prostate PC3 refractory hormone.

In addition, in a preferred embodiment, the eicosanoid is selected from the group consisting of arachidonic acid and linolinic acid.

In a preferred embodiment, the eicosanoid is arachidonic acid.

In a further aspect of the subject subject of the invention, the eicosanoid oxygenase is cyclooxygenase-1, cyclooxygenase-2,5-lipoxygenase, 12-lipoxygenase or a combination thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the eicosanoid oxygenase is 12-lipoxygenase.

In another preferred embodiment, the eicosanoid oxygenase is 5-lipoxygenase.

Cyclooxygenates. Cyclooxygenase enzymes that mediate eicosanoid metabolism are represented by two species, cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) that is constitutively expressed in many tissues and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) that is typically induced during disease states such like inflammation and cancer. Data from many studies of cellular and molecular biology have also suggested that the COX-2 gene is an early growth response gene that affects the pathways that modulate apoptosis, proliferation, adhesion, angiogenesis, and differentiation.

The inhibition of COX and especially COX-2 have been a major target of anti-inflammatory drug design for many years, however, the binding between COX-2 expression and cancer has only been recognized more recently. Observations from several population-based studies have documented a significant decrease in the risk of colorectal cancer in people who regularly take non-spheroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that have potent COX inhibitory activity. Histological studies that follow colorectal tumor development have determined that the majority of colorectal tumors in animals and humans express elevated COX-2 levels, while adjacent normal colorectal epithelial cells have low to undetectable levels of COX-2. Similar to these observations, several laboratories have also reported that COX-2 expression rises in tumor cells of the prostate during both initiation and progression compared to normal epithelial cells, however this finding is controversial.

It is clear, however, that several pharmacological COX-2 inhibitor drugs have demonstrated the ability to suppress prostate cancer cell growth in vitro, induce apoptosis and suppress the growth of prostate tumor xenografts in humans in the models of immunodeficient mice or the transgenic models of prostate cancer such as the TRAMP mouse. Given the controversy if COX-2 is a factor in the development or progression of prostate cancer, several of the known COX inhibitors are thought to have a variety of COX-independent anti-cancer effects and these actions appear to differ between inhibitors.

In this regard, it is very interesting that many plants that are prominent in regional diets contain substances that have COX inhibitory activity. The extracts of these plants, both in the crude form and as isolated components, have been found to have potent anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Salicylic acid, for example, is a traditional inflammatory inhibitor found in bark of willow trees and the chemical derivative of this agent, aspirin, remains one of the most commonly used COX inhibiting substances in the world. In this study, the applicants considered the potential of a unique commercially available herbal preparation, the inventive compositions for their ability to affect the activities of the enzyme COX-1 and COX-2 and influence the behavior of a cellular model system of prostate cancer in humans commonly used, LNCaP cells. As described in detail above, the compositions of the invention are comprised of ten standardized herbal extracts, (rosemary, Indian saffron, ginger, basil, green tea, huzhang, Chinese goldthread, barberry, oregano and Scutellaria baicalensis). Each of these herbs has been shown to contain unique chemical constituents that influence COX activity or expression and each has been studied for anti-cancer or anti-inflammatory activity. This test tends to focus on the predominant compound found in any given herb, however there is a reason to believe that there may be an additive benefit in the combination of multiple dietary / herbal agents for diseases such as cancer. The chemically diverse and multiple constituents present in the composition of the invention, each of which is an integral component of the typical Asian diet, may be more effective against prostate cancer than any simple herbal extract alone.

In addition, in an alternate aspect of the subject subject matter of the invention, the eicosanoid oxygenase is cyclooxygenase-1, cyclooxygenase-2 or a combination thereof.

In a preferred embodiment, the eicosanoid oxygenase is cyclooxygenase-1.

In a further preferred embodiment, the eicosanoid oxygenase is cyclooxygenase-2.

In an alternate aspect of the subject subject of the invention, the regulation of the activity of an eicosanoid oxygenase is the inhibition of oxygenase.

In an alternate aspect of subject matter of the invention, the modulation of an eicosanoid metabolic process comprises the inhibition of NH-kB activity in animal cells.

The subject matter of the invention further relates to a method by releasing 13-S-HODE to an animal in need thereof, comprising administering to the animal a composition comprising therapeutically effective amounts of the supercritical extracts of rosemary, saffron from the Indian , oregano and ginger and therapeutically effective amounts of hydroalcoholic extracts of basil, ginger, Indian saffron, Scutellaria baicalensis, rosemary, green tea, huzhang, Chinese goldthread and barberry.

Additionally, the subject material of the invention relates to a method for inhibiting inflammation mediated by arachidonic acid in an animal in need thereof, comprising administering to the animal a composition comprising therapeutically effective amounts of supercritical extracts of rosemary, saffron from the Indian, oregano and ginger and therapeutically effective amounts of alcoholic extracts of basil, ginger, Indian saffron, Scutellaria baicalensis, rosemary, green tea, huzhang, Chinese goldthread and barberry.

KF-kB. The nuclear factor kB is a family of proteins that contain the Rei domain present in the cytoplasm of all cells, where they are conserved in an inactive state by a family of proteins that contain the anchorin domain that includes IkBa, Ikbβ, IkB ?, IkBe, bcl-3, p105 and p100. Under resting conditions, NF-kB consists of a heterotrimer of p50, p65 and IkBa in the cytoplasm, only when it is activated and translocated to the nucleus is the sequence of events that lead to the transcription initiated. Most carcinogens, inflammatory agents, and tumor promoters include the smoke condensate, phorbol ester, okadaic acid, H202, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), which are shown to activate an NF-kB activation pathway. The activation of NF-kB involves the phosphorylation, ubiquitination and degradation of IkBa and the phosphorylation of p65, which in turn leads to the translocation of NF-kB to the cell nucleus, where it binds to the specific response elements in the DNA. The phosphorylation of IkBa is catalyzed by the IkB kinase (IKK), which is essential for NF-kB activation by most agents. NF-kB has been shown to regulate the expression of a number of genes whose products are involved in tumorigenesis. These include antiapoptotic genes (ie, ciap, suvivin, traf, cflip, bfl-1, bcl-2 and bcl-x1), of angiogenesis (cox-2, mmp-9, veg ?, genes that encode adhesion of molecules, chemokines and inflammatory cytokines and the genes that regulate the cell cycle (ie, ciclin, d1, c-myc).

Without being bound by a particular mechanism of action, the applicants believe that the compositions of the inventive modulate the activity of nuclear factor kB ("NF-KB") which in turn regulates the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of tumor cells. , inhibits the activation of KF-kB feedback and regulates the expression of regulated NF-kB gene products. In particular, applicants have found that the compositions of the invention inhibit the osteoclastogenesis receptor activator induced by the NF-kB ligand, suppresses the tumor-induced necrosis factor (TNF) -induced invasion and potentiates agent-induced apoptosis. chemotherapy and TNF. further, the compositions of the invention suppress NF-kB activation induced by both TNF and cigarette smoke condensate. In addition, inventive compositions down regulate the expression of regulated NF-kB gene products involved in anti-apoptosis including the inhibitor protein of apoptosis Vi, Bcl-2, Bcl-cL, FADD as the enzyme of the interleukin-1β (FLICE) / caspase-8 inhibitor protein, the factor associated with the TNF 1 receptor and survivin and also down-regulates the expression of the gene products involved in angiogenesis, including the factor of Vascular endothelial growth, cyclooxygenase-2, intercellular adhesion molecule and matrix metalloproteinase. These results correlate with the potentiation of apoptosis induced by TNF and chemotherapeutic agents. The total results of the applicants indicate that the inventive compositions suppress osteoclastogenesis, inhibit invasion and potentiate apoptosis through down-regulation of NF-kB activation and down-regulation of regulated NF-kB gene products.

The applicants have determined some of the effects of the inventive compositions on the NF-kB activation pathway in the regulated NF-kB gene products that control tumor cell survival, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis, finding that inventive compositions inhibit induced RANKL osteoclastogenesis and induced TNF invasion and potentiate the appoptosis induced by TNF and chemotherapeutic agents in various tumor cell lines. The expression of gene products involved in anti-apoptosis, including IAP1, Bf1-1 / A1, Bc1-2, TRAF1 and CFLIP and the expression of gene products involved in metastasis, including MMP-9, COX- 2, ICAM-1 and VEGF are also down regulated by the compositions of the invention.

Applicant data indicate that inventive compositions suppress TNF-activated NF-kB in KBM-5 cells of human myeloid leukemia and cigarette smoke condensate in H1299 cells of lung adenocarcinoma. This is the first investigation to examine the effect of inventive compositions on NF-kB activated by different stimuli. These results suggest that the compositions of the inventive act in a common stage of both of these agents. The various genes that are involved in cancer proliferation and metastasis have been shown to be regulated by NF-kB. (See, for example Aggarwal, B.B. (2004) nuclear factor-kappa B: the enemy within, Cancer Cell, 6-203-208). Applicants have demonstrated that the compositions of the invention inhibit the expression of COX-2, MMP-9 and VEGF regulated by NF-kB.

In addition, while recent reports have suggested that inventive compositions suppress both enzymatic activities COX-1 and COX-2 (See, for example, Bemis, DL, Capodice, JL Anastasiadis, AG Katz, AE, and Buttyan, R. (2005 ) Zyflamed, a unique herbal preparation with non-selective COX inhibitory activity, induces apoptosis of prostate cancer cells lacking COX-2 expression (Cancer, Nutr., 52, 202-212). Applicants have shown that the compositions of the invention inhibit the expression of the COX-2 protein.

The data of the applicants suggest that the compositions of the inventive exercise their anti-cancer properties in the routes regulated by NF-kB through the direct inhibition of NF-kB. NF-kB is known to regulate the expression of IAP1, xlAP, Bf1-1 / A1, TRAF1, Bcl-2, cFLIP and survivin and its overexpression in the numerous tumors has been linked to survival, chic-resistance and radio-resistance. (See, for example, Takada, Y., Singh, S, and Aggarwal, BB (2004).) The identification of a p65 peptide that selectively inhibits NF-kappa B activation induced by various inflammatory stimuli and its role in the down-regulation of expression of B-mediated NF-kappa gene and ascending regulation of apoptosis J. Biol. Chem. 279, 15096-15104). The data of the applicants indicate that the treatment with the inventive compositions down-regulates most of these gene products. Previous reports have suggested that inventive compositions induce apoptosis through a caspase-mediated pathway in human prostate cancer cells (See, for example, Bemis, et al., (2005)). The results of the applicants also show that the compositions of the invention enhance the apoptotic effects of TNF, taxol and doxorubicin. These effects are similar for those that have been reported with a specific inhibitor of NF-kB (See, for example, Takada, et al. (2004)).

Again without being bound by a particular mechanism of action, the applicants believe that the anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-invader, anti-osteoclastogenic, anti-angiogenic and anti-metastatic effects observed in the administration of the compositions of the invention are mediated through of the suppression of gene products regulated by NF-kB. In view of the fact that each of the herbs that are used in the formulation of the compositions of the invention are known to contain unique anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory compounds, a common property of the components of the inventive compositions appears to be the ability to suppress NF-kB activation.

Considering the fact that the compositions of the invention are derived from natural herbal sources and are readily available in nutritional and nutritional supplement sources for health, they make it a desirable and more convenient means for the prevention and treatment of cancer than the prescription of the drugs for cancer.

In addition, the subject matter of the invention also relates to a method for modulating the level of the NF-kB gene products regulated in the cells of an animal in need thereof, the administration to the animal comprising a composition comprising Therapeutically effective supercritical extracts of rosemary, Indian saffron, oregano and ginger and therapeutically effective amounts of hydroalcoholic extracts of basil, ginger, Indian saffron, Scutellaria baicalensis, rosemary, green tea, huzhang, Chinese goldthread and barberry.

The animal in all methods of the invention described above can be a mammal, such as a mouse, a rat, a cat, a dog, a horse, a cow or another domesticated animal or a human. In a preferred embodiment, the animal is a human. In addition for uses to treat diseases, disorders and conditions in humans, methods of inventiveness may have veterinary applications.

Administration Routes In a preferred embodiment, an orally administered composition is in the form of one or more capsules, one or more tablets or one or more pills.

The inventive compositions are preferably released to the patient by means of a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Such carriers are well known in the art and will generally be in solid or liquid form. Pharmaceutical preparations in solid form which can be prepared according to the subject matter of the invention include powders, tablets, dispersible granules, encapsulates, capsules and suppositories. In general, the solid form preparations will comprise from about 5% to about 90% by weight of the active agent.

A solid carrier can be one or more substances that can also act as diluents, flavoring agents, solubilizers, lubricants, suspending agents, binders or tablet disintegrating agents, they can also be encapsulating material. In powders, the carrier is a finely divided solid that is in admixture with the viscous active compound. In tablets, the active compound is mixed with a carrier having the necessary binding properties in the appropriate proportions and compacted to the desired shape and size. Suitable solid carriers include magnesium carbonate, magnesium stearate, talc, sugar, lactose, pectin, dextrin, starch, gelatin, tragacanth, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, a low melting point wax, cocoa butter and the like. The term "preparation" is intended to include the formulation of the active compound with the encapsulating materials as a carrier that can provide a capsule in which the active component (with or without other carriers) is encircled by the carrier, which is also in association with the same. Similarly, capsules are included. Tablets, powders, capsules and encapsulates can be used as solid dosage forms appropriate for oral administration. If desired for reasons of convenience or acceptance by the patient, the pharmaceutical tablets prepared according to the subject matter of the invention can be provided in chewable forms, using techniques well known in the art.

To prepare the suppositories, a low melting wax such as a mixture of fatty acid glycerides or cocoa butter is first mixed and the active ingredient is dispersed homogeneously therein by stirring. The homogeneous molten mixture is then poured into the molds of suitable size, allowing the cooling and therefore the solidification.

Liquid form preparations include solutions, suspensions and emulsions. As an example, water or water / propylene glycol solutions for parenteral injection may be mentioned. Liquid preparations can also be formulated in the solution of the aqueous polyethylene glycol solution. Aqueous solutions suitable for oral use can be prepared by dissolving the active compound in water and adding the appropriate colorants, flavors, stabilizers and thickening agents as desired. Aqueous suspensions suitable for oral use can be made by dispersing the finely divided active component in water with a viscous material, ie natural or synthetic gums, resins, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and other well-known suspending agents. The liquid pharmaceutical preparations may comprise more than 100% by weight of the subject active agent.

Preparations in the form of solids which are intended to be readily converted before use to the liquid form preparations for parenteral or oral administration are also contemplated as suitable carriers. Said liquid forms include solutions, suspensions and emulsions. These preparations in particular solid form are more conveniently provided in unit dose form and as such are used to provide a simple liquid dosage unit. Alternatively, sufficient solid may be provided so that after conversion to the liquid form, multiple individual liquid doses may be obtained by measuring the predetermined volumes of the liquid form preparation as with a syringe, spoon or other volumetric container. When such multiple liquid doses are prepared, it is preferred to keep the unused portion of said liquid doses at low temperature (i.e., under refrigeration) to retard possible decomposition. The solid form preparations intended to be converted to the liquid form may contain, in addition to the active material, flavors, colorants, stabilizers, binders, artificial and natural sweeteners, dispersants, thickeners, solubilizing agents and the like. The liquid used to prepare the preparations in liquid form can be water, isotonic water, ethanol, glycerin, propylene glycol and the like as well as mixtures thereof. Naturally, the liquid used will be selected with respect to the route of administration. For example, liquid preparations containing large amounts of ethanol are not suitable for parenteral use.

The pharmaceutical preparations of the invention may include one or more condoms well known in the art, such as benzoic acid, sorbic acid, methyl paraben, propyl paraben and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Condoms are generally present in amounts of more than about 1% and preferably from about 0.05 to about 0.5% by weight of the pharmaceutical composition.

Stabilizers useful for the purpose of the subject matter of the invention include citric acid sodium citrate, phosphoric acid sodium phosphate and acetic acid sodium acetate in amounts above about 1% and preferably from about 0.05 to about 0.5%. by weight of the pharmaceutical composition. Useful suspension or thickening agents include cellulosics such as methylcellulose, carrageenans such as alginic acid and its derivatives, xanthan gums, gelatin, acacia and microcrystalline cellulose in amounts of more than about 20% and preferably from about 1% to about 15% by weight of the pharmaceutical composition.

Sweeteners that can be employed include those sweeteners, both natural and artificial, well known in the art. Sweetening agents such as monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides, such as xylose, ribose, glucose, mannose, galactose, fructose, dextrose, sucrose, maltose, partially hydrogenated starch or corn syrup solids and sugar alcohols such as sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol and mixtures thereof may be used in amounts of from about 10% to about 60% and preferably from about 20% to about 50% by weight of the pharmaceutical composition. Water-soluble artificial sweeteners such as saccharin and saccharin salts such as sodium or calcium, cyclamate salts, acesulfame-K, aspartame and the like and mixtures thereof can be used in amounts of from about 0.001% to about 5% by weight of the composition.

The flavors that can be used in the pharmaceutical products of the subject matter of the invention include both artificial and natural flavors and the mints such as spearmint, menthol, vanilla, artificial vanilla, chocolate, artificial chocolate, cinnamon, various fruit flavorings, both mixed and individually, in amounts of from about 0.5% to about 5% by weight of the pharmaceutical composition.

Dyes useful in the subject matter of the invention include pigments that can be incorporated in amounts of more than about 6% by weight of the composition. A preferred pigment, titanium dioxide can be incorporated in amounts of more than about 1%. Also, colorants may include other dyes suitable for food, drugs and cosmetic applications, known as dyes F.D & C and the like. Such dyes are generally present in amounts of more than about 0.25% and preferably from about 0.05% to about 0.2% by weight of the pharmaceutical composition. A complete description of all dyes F.D. &C. and D. &C. and their corresponding chemical structures can be found in the Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology in volume 5, at pages 857-884, the text of which is hereby incorporated by reference in this document.

Useful solubilizers include alcohol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol and the like and can be used to solubilize the flavors. Solubilization agents are generally present in amounts of above about 10%, preferably from about 2% to about 5% by weight of the pharmaceutical composition.

Lubricating agents that may be used when desired in the present compositions include silicone oils or fluids such as substituted and unsubstituted polysiloxanes, ie, dimethyl polysiloxane, also known as dimethicone. Other well-known lubricating agents can be used.

The pharmaceutical preparation can also be prepared in a unit dosage form. In such form, the preparation is subdivided into unit doses containing appropriate quantities of the active component. The unit dosage form can be a packaged preparation, the package containing discrete quantities of the preparation, for example packed tablets, capsules and powders in syringes or ampoules. The unit dosage form may also be in a capsule, capsule or tablet by itself or may be the appropriate number of any of these packaged forms.

The compounds of the subject subject of the invention are not expected to display significant adverse interactions with other substances of natural or synthetic occurrence. In addition, a compound of the subject subject of the invention can be administered in combination with other compounds and compositions useful, for example to treat cancer. In particular, the compounds of the subject subject of the invention can be administered in combination with other compounds of the subject subject of the invention, the chemotherapeutic substances and so on.

The optimal pharmaceutical formulations will be determined by one skilled in the art depending on considerations such as the route of administration and the desired dose. See, for example, "Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences", 18th. Edition (1990, Mack Publishing Co., Easton, PA 18042), pp. 1435-1712, the description of which is incorporated herein by reference. Said formulations can influence the physical state, stability and proportion of the release in vivo and the proportion of in vivo evacuation of the therapeutic agents present from the subject matter of the invention.

Dosage Dosage levels in the order of about 0.001 mg to about 100 mg per kilogram of body weight of the compositions or compounds of the active ingredient are useful in the treatment of the above conditions, with preferred levels ranging from 200 mg per day to 1600 mg per day. The compounds and compositions of the subject subject of the invention can usually be provided in two or three doses daily. Starting with a low dose (200-300 mg) twice daily and slowly working for higher doses if necessary, which is a preferred strategy. The amount of the active ingredient that can be combined with the carrier materials to produce a single dose form will vary depending on the host treated and the particular mode of administration.

It is understood, however, that a specific dose level for any particular patient will depend on a variety of factors, including the activity of the specific compound employed, age, body weight, general health, sex and the patient's diet. , the administration time, the proportion of the excretion, the combination of drugs, the severity of the particular disease treated and the form of administration. One skilled in the art will appreciate the variability of said factors and will be able to establish specific dose levels using no more than routine experimentation.

EXAMPLES The following examples are illustrative of the subject matter of the invention and are not intended to be limiting thereof. Unless indicated otherwise, all percentages are based on 100% by weight of the final composition.

Methods and General Materials Zyflamend® obtained from New Chapter Inc. (St. Louis, MO), was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide ("DMSO") as a stock solution at 10 mg / ml and stored at -20 ° C. the tumor necrosis factor alpha in human-derived bacteria ("TNF-a") purified to homogeneity with a specific activity of 5 x 107 U / mg, was kindly provided by Genetech, Inc. (South San Francisco, CA) . Penicillin, streptomycin, RPMI 1640 medium, Iscove's modified dulbecco medium ("IMDM"), D-MEM / F12 medium and fetal bovine serum ("FBS") was obtained from Invitrogen (Grand Island, NY). The following polyclonal antibodies were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Santa Cruz, CA): anti-matrix metalloproteinase 9 ("MMP-9"); anti-intercellular adhesion molecule ("ICAM"), anti-apoptotic inhibitor protein 14 ("IAP 14"), anti-Bcl-2, anti-Bfl-1 / A1 and the associated anti-TNF receptor factor (" TRAF1"). Anti-COX2 and XIAP were obtained from BD Biosciences (San Diego CA). The cigar smoke condensate ("CSC") was prepared as described in Anto, R.J. Mukhopadhyay, A., Shishodia, S., Gairola, C.G. and AggarwaI, B.B. (2002) Cigarette smoke condensate activates the kappa B factor of nuclear transcription through the phosphorylation and degradation of I kappa B (alpha): correlation with the induction of cyclooxygenase-2. Carcinogenesis, 23, 151 1-1518, was appropriately administered by Dr. G. Gairola (University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY). An anti-vascular endothelial growth factor ("VEGF") was purchased from NeoMarkers (Fremont, CA). Survivin antibody was obtained from R &B Systems (Minneapolis, MN), An FADD-like enzyme-1-interleukin-converting enzyme ("FELICE") / caspase-8-inhibitory protein antibodies were appropriately provided by Imgenex (San. Diego, CA).

The cell lines used in the applicants' work include non-small cell lung carcinoma in humans (H1299), human myelogenous leukemia (KB-5) and multiple myeloma in humans (U266), mouse macrophages (RAW 264.7), cell lines were obtained from American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA). H1299 and U266 cells were cultured in the RPM 1640 medium with 10% FBS. The KBM-5 cells were cultured in IMDM with 15% FBS. RAW 264.7 cells were cultured in D-MEM / F12 medium supplemented with 10% FBS. All media were supplemented with 100 U / ml penicillin and 100 μg / ml streptomycin.

EXAMPLE 1 Inhibition of cell growth As a general starting point, the relative ability of a product or drug to inhibit cell growth using human and rodent cell lines established in the culture was investigated. The purpose of this is simply to be able to discern those concentrations that are ineffective or toxic from those that are significantly inhibitory or "effective" Any exploration of the mechanisms of action of a given product should be performed in concentrations that produce something but not profound inhibition of growth or massive cell death. In addition, these kinds of studies provide an initial estimate of time-dependent changes in cellular events. That is, when the events mediated by the drug occur relative to the first indications of growth inhibition or cell death is discernible. That, in turn, can suggest a sequence of events that are involved.

Most studies focus on including the use of cell lines in prostate cancer in humans. The reason for this includes the fact that it is a cell line of interest, cell lines have been characterized for eicosanoid metabolism and applicants are involved in a progressive clinical trial of inventive compositions in the treatment / prevention of PINs. However as the data are obtained, the use of other cell lines and animal models that have little to do with prostate cancer by itself are in turn useful for the general understanding of anti-inflammatory activity and could use the mechanisms.

Figure 1 shows the inhibitory effect of the compounds of the invention on the growth of lung cancer cell lines A549 in humans and prostate cancer in human PC3. The oral formulation of the composition was used. The composition was added to the cells in the culture and the relative inhibition of cell growth was examined after 72 hours of continuous exposure to the drug. The "MTT" method was used to examine cell proliferation against untreated control cell populations. The increased inhibition of PC3 cell growth of the prostate compared with lung adenocarcinoma cells is apparent.

Likewise, Figure 8 and Table 2 represent the inhibitory effect of the compound on the growth of human cancer cell lines MDA231 and MCF7. Again, the oral formulation of the inventive compositions was used. The composition was added to the cells in the culture and the relative inhibition of cell growth was assessed after 72 hours of continuous exposure to the drug. The "MTT" method was used to assess cell proliferation against untreated control of cell populations. The MCF7 cells were more sensitive to the exposure of the composition than the MDA231 cells were.

Table 2 * IC50 is defined as the concentration (ug / ml) of the material that produces the inhibition of cell growth by 50% (relative to untreated cells) under defined conditions (typically duration) of exposure to that agent.

The relative lack of cytotoxicity against only the normal "normal" epithelial line in humans tested is clearly of interest for purposes of patient tolerance of the medication and compliance with the administration protocol. The sensitivity of the estrogen-sensitive cell line MCF-7 of the human breast to the composition is of special interest and this cell line is definitely the most sensitive tested to date. Applicants are unaware of any compound in the extracts of the plants used to make the composition of the inventive blocking the estrogen link, which applicants believe excludes this alternative explanation for the high sensitivity observed.

EXAMPLE 2 Ability of the Composition of the Inventive to Inhibit the Enzymes Cyclooxyquinase (COX) and Lipoxyquinase (LOX) Applicants have determined the relative effect of the compositions of the invention against COX-1, COX-2 and other eicosanoids of interest . These studies have indicated that the composition inhibits both COX-1 and COX-2 (as cloned enzymes), and the applicants expect based on the various anti-inflammatory components obtained from different herbal extracts comprising the composition of the invention. The data also indicate that the composition is a useful inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) as well. The non-selective change in the eicosanoid products derived from 15-LOX-2 was observed. The data also showed that the compositions inhibit 12-lipoxygenase in a concentration-dependent manner. The data in Figures 2 and 3 indicate that the composition is potent in terms of producing the inhibition of the cloned COX enzymes as well as the enzymes in the cells in the culture. Only the small amounts in microliters of the composition of the inventive liquid are sufficient to produce a significant inhibition of the cyclooxygenase enzymes. This is especially impressive when it is mentioned again that 60% of this particular formulation of the composition is olive oil, which by itself has no effect on the eicosanoid metabolism.

Figure 2 depicts the effect of the composition on the formation of PGE2 using the cloned COX-1 enzymes (ovine) and COX-2 (human) which was measured by incubation of 10 μM AA with the enzymes (15 IU) in 0.1 M stabilizer Tris-HCl, pH 8.0, containing 5 mM EDTA, 2 mm phenol and 1 uM hematin. Aliquots of the composition were added to the tubes prior to the addition of AA. Control incubations do not contain the composition. The bars with the asterisk represent the control of "olive oil". Incubations were carried out at 37 ° C for 15 minutes. The reactions were stopped by the addition of 1 N of citric acid. The eicosanoids were subsequently extracted using a solvent mixture of ethyl acetate: hexane (1: 1); The extract was placed to dryness under nitrogen. The PGE2 formed during the incubation was extracted as previously described and subsequently analyzed using the published method LC / MS / MS (Yang er al., Anal. Biochem 308: 168-177, 2002). The data depicted in Figure 2 suggest that the composition of the invention inhibits the formation of PGE2 by both COX-1 and COX-2, although the product is more potent in the inhibition of COX-1 than COX-2.

Figure 3 shows the effect of the composition on the formation of PGE2 and 5-HETE in PC3 cells. Various concentrations of the composition were added to the cell cultures in fresh serum-free medium supplemented with 15 uM BSA and incubated at 37 ° C for 10 minutes. The arachidonic acid (100 uM) and cofactors were subsequently added. After 10 minutes the cells were washed and extracted to determine the eicosanoid formed within the cells (see the legend of Figure 2). The data indicate a concentration-dependent inhibition of both PGE2 as well as 5-HETE in PC-3 cells. The data was represented as Mean ± SD (n = 3). * Indicates PO.05 relative to the controls.

EXAMPLE 3 Effect of Compositions of Inventiveness on Cell Expression of 5-Lipoxygenase An anti-inflammatory agent can achieve its pharmacological effect through many different mechanisms. A given product can inhibit the selective enzymes involved with the formation of the inflammation related to the molecules, for example the inhibition of COX-2 to diminish the formation of PGE2 or the inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase to diminish the formation of 5-HETE. The compositions also inhibit transcription factors of activation that are known to be directly involved in the activation of genes related to inflammation, such as the curcumin inhibition of NF-kB activation.

In addition, a given product can also act to decrease the actual synthesis and therefore the expression of the enzyme in a cell or tissue, rather than directly inhibit it. The initial data that were obtained indicate that the inventive compositions provide a concentration-dependent inhibition of the relative expression of 5-lipoxygenase in the cells in addition to the inhibition of the activity of the enzyme. The relative inhibition of enzyme expression is not a general phenomenon, as the composition does not appear to inhibit relative tissue expression of COX-2.

EXAMPLE 4 Identification of 13-S-HODE in the Inventive Composition Figure 4 shows the concentration-dependent effect of the inventive composition on eicosanoid metabolism in lung cancer cells A549 in humans, showing the dependent increase of the apparent concentration in the formation of 13-S-HODE. The cells (1x106) were allowed to bind overnight to the tissue culture plate and subsequently treated with 24 hours with different concentrations of the composition as shown in the Figure. Cells were subsequently cultured and extracted for eicosanoid analyzes by LC / MS / MS. The data indicate a small inhibition (32%) of PGE2 at a composition concentration of 2 ul / ml but also show an "apparent" dramatic formation of 13-S-HODE at 1 and 2 ul / ml.

The effect of the composition on the conversion of arachidonic acid to various eicosanoid products in various cell lines was examined. The data shown above suggest that at least for lung A459 cells in humans, the dose of the composition does not have a large effect on the cyclooxygenase or lipoxygenase enzymes. The increase dependent on the concentration of 13-S-HODE, the product of the enzyme 15-LOX-1 is, however, remarkable. Said increase in 13-S-HODE may arise from an induction of the enzyme by itself or from the activity of the enzyme, in addition to an appropriate substrate such as linoleic acid which would preferably give an elevation to 13-S-HODE or through of another mechanism. The induction of 15-LOX-1 actually happens when NSAIDs are added to colon cancer cells and this serves as a partial explanation for the beneficial effect of aspirin as a prevention agent in colon cancer. However, by Western hybridization, no significant induction of the 15-LOX-1 enzyme was observed as a result of incubation with the composition. The composition of the invention was also examined for the relative content of linoleic acid, a substrate that can raise 13-S-HODE through the 15-LOX-1 enzyme. Using a GC / MS / MS instrument only a minimal amount of linoleic acid was found. Examination of the composition itself, however, indicated the presence of a high amount of 13-S-HODE as described in Example 6 below.

Figure 5 shows the mass spectrum data showing the presence of 13-S-HODE in the compositions of the invention. Figure 5 represents three traces of related information. The thickest trace is a chromatogram of the total ion of 13-S-HODE with deuterium (designated as 13-S-HODE-d4). The four deuterium atoms provide a higher molecular weight (addition of 4) to the mass weight of 13-S-HODE by itself. The mass weight of the product with deuterium (indicated by the mass to load the proportion in the upper right is "299." This is basically the weight of the mass of this product. The annotation of 299> 281 reflects the fact that that the applicants have the selected instrument for the mass weight of 299 and subsequently collide the molecule with argon (an inert gas) to produce a characteristic "son" ion at 281. This son ion can be used for quantitative purposes.

The middle trace indicates the trace of the authentic 13-S-HODE ion (25 ng / ml) purchased from Cayman Chemicals (Ann Arbor, Ml). It has a mass weight of 295.3 and this is indicated on the trail. Applicants observe in the son ion in 277.2 to characterize the compound. That is, the chances of a given molecule having a mass weight of 272.2 that also "breaks" to produce a son ion of 272.2 is almost zero except for the actual molecule of interest: 13-S-HODE.

The lower stroke is an extract of the composition of the invention. Mass spectrometry was instructed to search for all molecules with the mass weight of 295.3. The applicants then configure the instrument to search only the characteristic child ions in 277.2. The fact that the instrument finds them in ... abundance ... indicates beyond a shadow of a doubt that 13-S-HODE is present in the compositions of inventiveness. The extract was obtained from only 5 ul of the composition. The two numbers for each peak represent the retention time of the peak (ie, 6.69 minutes) and the abundance of the relative ion. The latter is analogous to the "quantity" of the product within the peak. The fact that an authentic standard of 13-S-HODE at 25 ng / ml provides a peak amount of as long as only 5 ul of the composition produces a peak "amount" of 6,338,606 clearly indicates the high amount of this eicosanoid within the composition. What is important to know is that this is "take it from the bank" which proves that the composition contains a lot of 13-S-HODE.

To ensure that 13-S-HODE is the substance being treated with the presence of 13-S-HODE in the inventive composition it was examined using an antibody based on the Immunoassay of Enzyme. The antibody provides the specificity to detect 13-S-HODE. EIA analyzes confirmed the presence of a high amount of 13-S-HODE in the compositions of the invention.

An anti-inflammatory agent can achieve its pharmacological effect through many different mechanisms. For example, a given product can inhibit the selective enzymes involved with the formation of molecules related to inflammation (i.e., inhibition of COX-2 to decrease the formation of 5-HETE). The product could also inhibit the transcription factors of activation that are known to be directly involved in the activation of genes related to inflammation (ie, curcumin-mediated inhibition of NF-kB activation). In addition, a given product can also act to decrease the actual synthesis and therefore the expression of the enzyme in a cell or tissue rather than directly inhibiting it. The initial data obtained indicate that the composition of the invention can in fact lead to a concentration-dependent inhibition of the relative expression of 5-lipoxygenase in the cells in addition to the inhibition of the activity of the enzyme. Relative inhibition of enzyme expression is not a general phenomenon as the composition does not appear to inhibit the relative expression of 12-LOX tissue. Nor is the disappearance (down regulation) of 5-LOX expression a general result of exposure to 5-LOX inhibitors to cells. Although not in this report, the relative effect of 5-LOX protein content (Western hybridization) after PC3 cells have been exposed to the established 5-LOX inhibitor, Zileuton was examined. As shown in Figure 9, while Zileuton is a potent 5-LOX inhibitor (and is useful for the treatment of asthma because of this) it produced no change in the content of the relative 5-LOX enzyme within the cells.

One of the interesting things is the concentration-dependent increase in COX-2 protein expression that occurs as a result of exposure to the cells to the composition. At first glance this would seem to be exactly what the applicants do not want to happen. After all, the inhibition of COX-2 is the foundation of a large pharmaceutical business. But little recognized is the fact that Celebrex (celecoxib) is a known inducer of COX-2. The inflammation remains in verification because the activity of the enzyme is inhibited while the Mother nature tries its best to overcome it with the increased synthesis of the enzyme. In other words, people on COX-2 inhibitors are just fine .... Until they stop taking them.

EXAMPLE 5 In Vivo Determination of the Anti-Inflammatory Effect of the Compositions of the Inventiveness: Mouse Ear Model A simple yet effective animal model of inflammation has been used for the past several years. The right ear of the test mouse was pretreated with a presumed anti-inflammatory agent then left alone for 30 minutes. An inflammatory agent (typically arachidonic acid (AA) in acetone) is subsequently applied to the same ear. The vehicle is applied to the left ear as a control. A fixed period of time after the application of AA, the mouse is anesthetized and then a round ear punch is used to obtain a uniform segment of tissue. The difference in tissue weight of each puncture of the mouse ear serves as a relative index of the relative prevention of inflammation. After weighing, the ear puncture sample then freezes rapidly for subsequent analyzes of specific eicosanoid metabolism through the use of the LC / MS / MS method.

Figure 6 shows the anti-inflammatory effect of the composition of the invention in a mouse ear edema. The composition (10 ul) was administered topically in the right ear and only the acetone vehicle was applied to the left ear. One hour after treatment with AA, the mouse was anesthetized and the ears "stitched" to obtain a uniform piece of tissue. The weight of the right ear is subsequently subtracted from that of the left ear to measure the edema. The data reflect the relative ability of a given test substance to inhibit AA-mediated ear edema: Data are presented as mean +/- SD of the 10 animals. * P <; 0.001 treatment against AA control (edema) (inflammation mediated with AA).

The data in Figure 6 show that the composition produces significant inhibition of arachidonic acid mediated with inflammation.

Also, Figure 10 shows the effect of the inventive composition on mouse ear edema mediated with arachidonic acid. The treatment groups consist of 1) control of olive oil, 2) control of acetone, 3) olive oil + AA, 4) The composition of the invention (10 ul) + AA, 5). The composition of the invention (5 ul) + AA and 6) The composition of the invention (2.5 ul) + AA. The data is given as Mean ± SD (n = 10 mouse / group). Once again, the composition inhibits the edema produced by AA. As shown in Figure 10, a maximum inhibition of edema was obtained in all three "doses" of the composition although it seems that the use of 2.5 ul of the composition may have been slightly less effective than that of the two higher concentrations.

EXAMPLE 6 The source boiled and the relative importance of 13-S-HODE in the compositions of the invention In the analysis of the eicosanoid content of the liquid form of the composition, it was surprising to observe the large amount of 13-S-HODE. These analyzes were done using LC / MS / MS in which a standard with authentic deuterium was used to ensure that it had the correct peak identity. To be doubly sure of this observation, the liquid composition was also analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunoprotein test specially prepared for the determination of 13-S-HOPE. The results of the ETA analyzes confirmed the mass spectrometry data and are shown in Table 3.

Table 3 Relative content of eicosanoids contained within the composition of the invention * Data were provided with nicosocoid / 5 ul of oral composition The fact that the oral form of the composition is 60% olive oil (which does not contain 13-S-HODE) indicates that the relative content of 13-S-HODE in the extract material is even greater than that which is shown previously.

Figure 7 shows the effect of 13-S-HODE on the proliferation of several cancer cell lines. The data previously shown indicate that 13-S-HODE, the product of the enzyme 15-LOX-2 can totally inhibit the growth of the tumor prostate in humans (PC3) and colon (LS174) but not the cellular growth of adenocarcinoma of the lung (A549). The relative ability of 13-S-HODE to inhibit colon and prostate cancer cell lines with IC50 of approximately 3-4 uM. This is of importance compared to the content of 13-S-HODE in the composition of the invention. That is, as shown in Table 2 above there is sufficient 13-S-HODE within the composition to count for the inhibition of cell growth. There is no doubt that other factors within the composition also contribute to its ability to inhibit tumor cell growth in colon and prostate but the ability of 13-S-HODE within the composition to be able to do this is of obvious interest .

The eicosanoid content relative to the liquid form of the composition was examined and the large amount of 13-S-HODE was surprisingly seen. These analyzes were done using LC / MS / MS in which a standard with authentic deuterium was used to ensure that the correct peak was identified. To make the observation doubly safe, the liquid composition was also analyzed using an immunoprotein kit bound with the enzyme specially prepared for the determination of 13-S-HODE. The results of the EIA analysis confirmed the mass spectrometry data. The fact that the oral form of the composition is 60% olive oil (which does not contain 13-S-HODE) indicates that the relative content of 13-S-HODE in the matepal of the extract is even greater than that previously shown.

A search for the source of the eicosanoid product 13-S-HODE between the different extracts of plants and herbs that used to manufacture the composition was assumed. The breakthrough is to solubilize the extract or to submit the extract to a mixture of organic solvent that in turn extracts the liquid soluble eicosanoids. These are then dried under nitrogen and reconstituted in a fixed volume of stabilizer compatible with the mass spectrometry equipment. Another aliquot was used for relative linoleic acid content analyzes using a GC / MS / MS. The rationale below this is that 13-S-HODE can be present as in the extracts or could also be derived through an enzymatic reaction in the cells in culture if the cells contained 15-LOX-1 and were provided with the linoleic acid from the substrate.

The data in Table 4 below show very convincingly that although there are extracts that contain both linoleic acid and 13-S-HODE, the eicosanoid is itself a component of several herbal extracts that are used to make the composition of the invention. The fact that 13-S-HODE is absent from some extracts (ie, green tea) is also interesting and leads to the belief that the measurements made are correct.

Table 4 Both determinations of 13-HODE as well as linoleic acid have been performed three times with comparable results. 13-S-HODE was determined using LC / MS / MS while the linoleic acid content was measured using a GC / MS / MS. The 13-S-HODE sources of the composition seem to be the majority due to the ginger and the saffron of the Indians. It is interesting that this particular eicosanoid is present in both PSE and SCE extracts of ginger and to a lesser extent in the saffron root of the Indian ones as well. Notably, the presence of high amounts of 13-HODE is not always associated with high amounts of linoleic acid, the substrate for 15-LOX-1 that produces 13-S-HODE.

EXAMPLE 7 Osteoclast Differentiation Test To determine the effect of inventive compositions on the NF-kB ligand osteoclastogenesis receptor (RANKL) -induced activator, applicants cultured RAW 264.7 cells, which can be differentiated into osteoclasts by RANKL in vitro RAW 264.7 cells were grown in 24-well plates at a density of 1x104 cells per well and adhesion was allowed overnight. The medium was subsequently replaced and the cells were co-incubated with different concentrations of the inventive compositions and 5 nM of RANKL. Within 5 days, the cells were labeled for the expression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) as previously described using an acid phosphatase kit (Sigma-Aldrich) and the TRAP-positive multi-core osteoclasts (> 3 cores) per well were counted.

RAW 264.7 cells (1 x 10 4 cells / well) were incubated alone or in the presence of 5 nM RANKL with 0.8 mg / ml of inventive compositions for 5 days and labeled for TRAP expression. As shown in Figure 11, positive TF AP cells were photographed (original magnification, 100x).

RAW 264.7 cells (1 x 10 4 cells / well) were incubated alone or in the presence of 5 nM of RANKL with the inventive compositions at the indicated concentrations for 5 days and marketed for TRAP expression. The osteoclasts of multiple nuclei were counted, with the results plotted in Figure 1 1 A.

It is shown that inventive compositions suppress RANKL induced osteoclastogenesis. Because RANKL, a member of the TNF superfamily, induced osteoclastogenesis through the activation of NF-kB, the applicants determined whether the compositions of the invention can suppress the osteoclast differentiation induced by RANKL, as indicated by the expression of TRAP, as shown in Figure 11 and that the inventive compositions deleted it in a dose-dependent manner, as shown in Figure 11 A.

EXAMPLE 8 Invasion Test The membrane invasion culture system was used to assess cell invasion because invasion through the extracellular matrix is a crucial stage in tumor metastasis. The BD BioCoat tumor invasion system is a chamber that has a light-tight polyethylene terephthalate membrane with pores of 8 μm in diameter and is covered with a membrane gel with reconstituted base (BD Biosciences, San Diego, CA) . A total of H1299 (2.5 x 104 cells) were suspended in a serum-free medium and seeded in the upper wells. After overnight incubation, the cells were co-incubated with different concentrations of the inventive compositions and 1 nM of TNF for an additional 24 hours in the presence of 1% FBS. Cells that invaded through the gel matrix, (i.e., those that migrated to the lower chamber during incubation) were labeled with 4 ug / ml of Calcein AM (Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR) in PBS for 30 minutes at 37 ° C and scanned by fluorescence with a Victor3 multiple plate reader (Perkin Elmer Life and Analytical Sciences, Boston, MA); the fluorescent cells were counted.

H1299 cells (2.5 x 10 4 cells / well) were seeded in the upper wells of a gel matrix invasion chamber overnight in the absence of serum, co-incubated with 0. 3 mg / ml of the inventive compositions and 1 nM of TNF for 24 hours in the presence of 1% serum and then subjected to the invasion test, with the results plotted as shown in Figure 12. The value pair none of the inventive compositions and the non-TNF was set to 1.0.

It is shown that the compositions of the invention suppress the activity of tumor cell invasion induced by TNF. It is known that NF-kB regulates the expression of gene products (for example MMP-9, COX-2 and VEGF) that mediate tumor cell invasion. If the compositions of the inventive can modulate the activity of tumor cell invasion induced by TNF, it was investigated in vitro. To determine this, the tumor cells were seeded in the upper chamber of the matrix gel invasion chamber with TNF in the presence or absence of the compositions of the invention and subsequently examined for invasion. As shown in Figure 12, TNF-induced tumor cell invasion by almost 2-fold and the inventive compositions suppressed this activity in a dose-dependent manner. The compositions of the invention alone had no effect on the invasion activity.

EXAMPLE 9 DEATH test? IDA To measure apoptosis, the applicants used the LIFE / DEATH test (Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR) that determines the intracellular esterase activity and the integrity of the plasma membrane. This test employs calcein, a polyanionic dye, which is retained within living cells and provides green fluorescence. It also employs the ethidium monomer dye (red bloom), which can enter cells only through damaged membranes and bind to nucleic acids but is excluded by the intact plasma membrane of living cells. Briefly, 1 x 106 cells were incubated with 0.5 mg / ml of the inventive compositions for 24 hours and subsequently treated with 1 nM TNF or various chemotherapeutic agents for 16 hours at 37 ° C. The cells were labeled with the DEAD / LIFE reagent (5 μm of etidium homodimer, 5 μm of calcein-AM) and subsequently incubated at 37 ° C for 30 minutes. The cells were analyzed under a fluorescence microscope (Labophot 2; Nikon, Tokyo, Japan).

U266 human multiple myeloma cells (1 x 106 cells / ml) were serum harvested for 24 hours and subsequently incubated with 1 nM of TNF, 1 nM of taxol and 300 nM of doxorubicin alone or in combination with (0.5 mg / ml) of the compositions of the invention as indicated for 24 hours. Cell death was determined by the calcein AM co base in the DEATH / LIFE test, as shown in Figure 13. The red color highlights the dead cells and the green color highlights the living cells.

The compositions of the invention enhance the apoptotic effects of chemotherapeutic drugs and TNF. Because NF-kB activation has been shown to inhibit the apoptosis induced by several agents, if the compositions of the inventive will modulate the apoptosis induced by TNF and the chemotherapeutic agents were investigated. The effect of the compositions of the invention on TNF and the apoptosis induced by the chemotherapeutic agent were examined by the DEATH / LIFE test. The DEATH / LIFE test that measures the intracellular esterase activity and the integrity of the plasma membrane indicated that the compositions of the invention improve the apoptotic effects of TNF, taxol and doxorubicin against tumor cells.

EXAMPLE 10 Electrophoretic Mobility Exchanging Tests of NF-kB Activation To determine NF-kB activation, applicants performed the electrophoretic mobility exchange (EMSA) tests essentially as previously described in Chaturverdi., M.M., Mukhopadhyay, A. and AggarwaI, B.B. (2000) Test for the transcription factor sensitive to oxide reduction. Methods Enzymol., 319, 585-602. Briefly, the nuclear extracts (1 x 106 cells / ml) were incubated with the 32-mer 32P-labeled double-stranded NF-kB oligonucleotide (15 μg of the protein with 16 fmol DNA) of the long terminal repeat of the immunodeficiency virus, 5'-TTGTTACAA GGGACTTTC CGTG GGGACTTTC CAGGGAGGCGTGG-, 3 '(the bold letters indicate the NF-kB binding sites), for 30 minutes at 37 ° C and the protein DNA complex formed was separated from the free oligo nucleotide in 6.6% of the natural polyacrylamide gels. A double-stranded mutated oligonucleotide, 5'-TTGTTACAA CTCACTTTC CGCTG CTCACTTTC CAGGGAGGCGTGG-3 ', was used to examine the binding specificity of NF-kB to DNA. Dry gels were visualized and the radioactive bands were quantified using a phosphorus Store 820 with the ImageQuant software program (Amersham, Piscataway, NJ).

The KBM-5 cells (2 x 106 cells / ml) were pre-incubated with the indicated concentrations of the inventive compositions for 1 hour, treated with 0.1 nM of TNF for 30 minutes. The nuclear extracts were tested by NF-kB activation by EMSA, as shown in Figure 14.

Inventive compositions suppressed NF-kB activation in a dose and time dependent manner. As NF-kB plays an important role in apoptosis and in cell invasion, the applicants examined the effect of the inventive compositions on the activation of the effect of the inventive compositions on the activation of NF-kB induced by the TNF in human myelogenous leukemia cells (KBM-5). The results of the DNA binding test (EMSA) showed that the inventive compositions alone had no effect on NF-kB activation. However, they inhibit TNF-mediated NF-kB activation in a dose-dependent manner, as shown in Figure 14.

The KBM-5 cells (2 x 10 6 cells / ml) were pre-incubated with 1 mg / ml of the compositions of the invention for the indicated times and subsequently treated with 0.1 nM of TNF for 30 minutes. The nuclear extracts were tested by NF-kB activation by EMSA, as shown in Figure 14A. The suppression of NF-kB activation by the compositions of the invention was also found to be time dependent.

The compositions of the invention inhibit NF-kB activation induced by cigarette smoke. The H1299 cells were pre-incubated with the inventive compositions (1 mg / ml) for 1 hour, then treated with the cigarette smoke (10 ug / ml) for 1 hour. The nuclear extracts were tested by NF-kB activation by EMSA, as shown in Figure 14B.

Inventive compositions blocked the NF-kB activation induced by the cigarette smoke condensate. Applicants then examined the effect of the inventive compositions on the activation of NF-kB induced by cigarette smoke condensate in non-small lung adenocarcinoma H1299 cells. The results of the DNA binding test (EMSA) showed that the compositions of the invention suppress NF-kB activation induced by the smoke condensate of the cigarette, as shown in Figure 14B. These results suggest that the compositions of the inventive act at a stage in the route of NF-kB activation that is common for TNF and cigarette smoke condensate.

EXAMPLE 11 Western Hybridization Analysis of Induced TNF Gene Expression To determine the effect of inventive compositions on TNF-induced expression of COX-2, VEGF, ICAM-1, MMP-9, clAP-1/2, survivin , BA-1 / A1, Bcl-2, BclXL, cFLIP, TRAF1 and XIAP in all cell extracts of the treated cells (2 x 106 cells / ml), 30 μg of protein were resolved on SDS-PAGE and tested by Western hybridization with specific antibodies as per the protocol recommended by the manufacturer. The hybridizations were washed, exposed to conjugated HRP secondary antibodies for 1 hour and finally detected by the ECL reagent (Amersham Pharmacia Biotechnology, Piscataway, NJ).

The inventive compositions inhibit the induced NF-kB TNF-dependent gene products involved in the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells. The applicants also investigated whether the inventive compositions can modulate the NF-kB-dependent gene products involved in the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells. TNF has been shown to induce COX-2, MMP-9, ICAM-1 and VEGF, all of which have NF-kB binding sites in their promoters. As shown in Figure 15, treatment with TNF induces the expression of COX-2, VEGF, ICAM-1 and the products of the MMP-96 gene and inventive compositions suppress expression.

The KBM-5 cells (2 × 10 6 cells / ml) were incubated with 1 mg / ml of the compositions of the invention for 1 hour and subsequently treated with 1 nM of TNF for the indicated times. The whole cell extracts were prepared and subjected to Western hybridization analysis using the indicated antibodies, as shown in Figure 15A.

The compositions of the invention inhibit the TNF-induced anti-apoptotic NF-kB gene products induced. The NF-kB envelope regulates the expression of the anti-apoptotic proteins IAP1, IAP2, survivin, BH-1 / A1, Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, cFLIP, TRAF1 and XIAP. The applicants then investigated whether the compositions of the invention affect the expression of those gene products. Applicants found that inventive compositions inhibit TNF-induced as well as basal expression of all these proteins, as shown in Figure 15A.

EXAMPLE 12 Evidence of G? / M arrest of PC3 cells mediated by inventive compositions As shown in FIG. 16, treatment of PC3 cells with the compositions of the invention results in cell-cycle concentration-dependent inhibition. The herbal product produces a clear G2 / M accumulation of cells that is evident even at concentrations as low as 0.28 ul / ml. At higher concentrations, the G2 / M phase is more evident as it is a G0 sub-peak indicative of apoptosis. Concomitant with the increase in the number of cells in G2 / M there is a fall dependent on the progressive concentration in the G1 portion of the cell cycle. Only 10% of the control cells were routinely present in the G2 / M phase, while treatment with 0.57 ul / ml of the inventive compositions resulted in more than 40% of the cells in a G2 / M block.

. As shown in Figure 16, the upper left trace demonstrates a normal cell cycle distribution of PC3 cells. The G2 / M percentage of the cells is small (small darkened peak to the right in the figure). In the second trace (upper right) the PC3 cells were treated with 0.28 ul of the compositions of the invention / ml of the tissue culture medium. The size of the G2 / M peak increases. The trace on the lower left (0.57 ul of the inventive compositions / ml) and on the lower right (1.14 ul / ml) showed an increase in the cell cycle block due to the increased concentration of the compositions of the invention.

As shown in Figure 16A, data from the flow cytometry analysis in the Figure 16 was redrawn in the histogram in Figure 16A. As shown in this figure there is a clear concentration dependent increase in the percentage of cells in the G2 / M phases of the cell cycle while this is an associated decrease in cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle.

EXAMPLE 13 Analysis of flow cytometry of apoptosis mediated by inventive compositions As shown in Figure 17, concentrations of inventive compositions that produce only low levels of the G2 / M block were found associated with induction of apoptosis. early as was evident by labeling the cells with annexin V and phosphatidylinositol (Pl). Even at the lowest concentration examined, 0.28 ul / ml, clear evidence of annexin V bound to inverted membrane phosphatidylserine is evident from the flow cytometry of inventive compositions treated with PC3 cells. Additional evidence of multi-iherb mediated production of apoptosis is in the response to the concentration of propidium iodide bound to nucleic acids in the later stages of cell death followed by violation of membrane integrity.

As shown in Figure 17, PC3 cells were treated with the compositions of the inventive in indicated concentrations for 24 hours. Cells were subsequently labeled with Annexin V and Pl solution. Apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry analysis (FACS). Even at a low concentration of 0.28 ul / ml there is a clear indication of early apoptosis. At concentrations in excess of 1.1 ul / ml most cells have death and appear in a state of late apoptosis (cell death).

As shown in Figure 17A, data from the flow cytometric analysis of PC3 cells treated with the compositions of the invention (Figure 17) are plotted in the histogram in Figure 17A. There is a clear increase dependent on the concentration in the Pl label that is indicative of the alteration of the cell membrane, a mark of early apoptosis. Labeling with annexin V even at the lowest concentration of the compositions of the invention indicates the DNA labeling associated with apoptosis. The percentage of cells labeled with Anexin V declines with the increased concentration of inventive compositions due to cell death.

EXAMPLE 14 Changes in the eicosanoid metabolism mediated by the inventive compositions As shown in Figures 18-18C, the treatment of the COX-1, COX-2 and 5-LOX enzymes in cloned humans results in a concentration-dependent inhibition. of the formation of the respective eicosanoid products, PGE2 and 5-HETE with the formation of 5-LOX more potentially inhibited than COX-1 or COX-2 (data not shown). Cellular changes in the eicosanoid metabolism due to incubation with the inventive compositions were subsequently examined. As shown in Figures 18-18-C, treatment of PC3 cells with the compositions of the inventive produced a decrease in the formation of PGE2 (Figure 18) and 5-HETE (Figure 18A). More impressive, however, was the cellular decline in 12-HETE levels presumably resulting from the inhibition of 12-LOX activity. Concentrations of inventive compositions as low as 0.25 ul / min produced a significant reduction in 12-HETE levels compared to untreated control cells: The highest concentration of inventive compositions examined (1 ul / ml ) resulted in an approximate 80% reduction in 12-HETE levels within PC3 cells (Figure 18B).

Treatment of PC3 cells with the inventive compositions also produced a clear decrease in the cellular content of the 5-LOX protein as evidenced by Western hybridization analysis (Figure 18C). A decrease in the 12-LOX protein content was also evident in the concentrations of inventive compositions greater than 0.25 ul / ml. The increase in the COX-2 protein due to the incubation of the PC3 cells with higher levels of the compositions of the invention is reminiscent of the elevations of this enzyme due to the treatment of the cells with other anti-inflammatory agents such as celecoxib.

The data in Table 5 were derived from phosphoprotein analyzes of the PC3 cell lysates after treatment with the non-toxic concentrations of the inventive compositions or baicalein, a component of Scutellaria. The proteins were separated using gel electrophoresis and subsequently the gel was tested with the monoclonal antibodies for the proteins. The antibodies could detect differences in the phosphorylation status of the proteins. The gels were subsequently quantified using a densitometer. Only the relative changes (although significant) were indicated in the previous table. There are many similarities in changes in the phosphorylation state that similarly signal the up-regulation or down-regulation of the proteins involved in the cell cycle block (ie, cyclone, D1, cyclone D3 and pRB) or the associated proteins with apoptosis (ie, surviving Bcl-X and Bcl-2). Both inventive compositions and baicalein also inhibit 12-LOX activity. However, not all changes in the phosphorylation status of these important proteins are identical after treatment with the compositions of the inventive or baicalein, suggesting that the mechanism of action of the compositions of the invention is complex and not due to its Baicalein content alone. Table 5 i indicates reduction, inhibition or downregulation t indicates improvement, activation or upregulation EXAMPLE 15 declination in the phosphorylation of the Rb protein mediated compositions of the invention As shown in Figure 19, there is dependent inhibition concentration Rb phosphorylation. Concentrations as low as 0.25 ul / ml significantly reduce the pRb compared to control while the amount of Rb increased as the pRb decreases. The decrease in phosphorylation of the Rb protein occurred in concentrations of inventive compositions also associated with the G2 / M cell cycle block and early apoptosis. The quantification of the Western hybridization data is presented in Figure 19A.

Shown in Figure 19 is a Western hybridization of the retinoblastoma protein as both non-phosphorylated (Rb) and phosphorylated (pRb) proteins. The data was derived from the PC3 cells treated with the compositions of the inventive in the concentrations shown for a period of time of 24 hours. The cells were subsequently used and the proteins were separated on a gel. The presence of Rb or pRb proteins was determined with the use of specific monoclonal antibodies. The data were also shown in the figure below after the scanning of the gels in a photometric scanner device to allow the quantification of the density of the bands. The data showed that even at a concentration of 0.25 ul / ml of the compositions of the invention there is a clear suppression of pRb (phosphorylated form) and an increase in Rb (non-phosphorylated form).

The decrease in Rb phosphorylation occurs at multiple sites amino acid including T356 (59% decrease relative to control), S807 (62% 4), T821 (62% 4) and T826 (78% 4; other data not shown) , resulting from the incubation of the PC3 cells with the compositions of the inventive in a concentration of 2 ul / ml per 24 hours.

Table 6 Scanning data of protein phosphorylation in PC3 cells treated with the compositions of the invention3 a The abbreviations are as follows: PC3, prostate cancer in humans insensitive to androgen, 'Rb, retinoblastoma protein, STAT1, signal transducer and transcription activator 1; Fos, transcription factor related to the murine osteosarcoma oncoprotein FBJ; HspB1, 27 kDa hot shock protein; p21, serine kinase of activated p21 protein EXAMPLE 16 Ability of 12-HETE to block the inhibition of proliferation PC3 by the compositions of the invention As shown in Figures 20-20B, the addition of PGE2 or 5-HETE PC3 cells treated with the growth inhibitory concentrations the inventive compositions fell to block cell proliferation. In contrast, Figure 20 shows that 12-HETE added to treated with the compositions of the invention (1 ul / ml, a concentration that produced the potent induction of apoptosis and arrest G2 / M) cells resulted in a near doubling of cell proliferation although it was not returned for the control of untreated cell levels.

The addition of 12-HETE (designated as 12-H) also resulted in a block of the ability of the inventive compositions to reverse the phosphorylated state of the RB protein in PC3 cells (Figure 20A), not PGE2 or 5- HETE (designated as 5H) had no effect on the ability of the inventive compositions to alter the pRb state. Finally, 12-HETE added to PC3 cells also provided partial reversal of the compositions of the mediated inventively by block 62 / M also noting the importance of this particular eicosanoid in inhibiting cell proliferation PC3 mediad by the compositions of the invention .

In addition, as shown in Figure 20A, the compositions of the invention produced a concentration-dependent decline in pRb expression. Adding 5-HETE (5-H) or PGE2 does not block this effect. In addition to the product 12-LOX, 12-HETE, however, particularly returned the production of the expression pRb. Taken together these data showed that the inhibition of 12-LOX mediated by the inventive compositions is important in that 12-HETE can block the anti-proliferative activity and the ability of the inventive compositions to restore the expression of the protein of the invention. tumor suppressor Rb.

References The following literature references are believed to be useful for the understanding of the subject material of the invention in the context of its linking in the relevant technique. The citations in this document are not constructed as an affirmation or admission that any cited reference is material of patentability of the matter subject of the invention. Applicants will appropriately describe the information material for patentability in a Statement of Disclosure of Information. The content of each reference is incorporated in its entirety in this document. 1. Singh, S. and AggarwaI, B.B. (1995) Activation of the transcription factor NF-kappa B is suppressed by circumin (diferuloylmethane) [Corrected]. J. Biol. Chem., 270, 24995-25000. 2. AggarwaI, S., Ichikawa, H., Takada, Y., Sandur, S.K., Shishodia, S. and AggarwaI, B.B. (2006) Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) upregulates the expression of cell proliferation and mestastatic and antiapoptotic gene products through the suppression of I kappa B alpha kinase and Akt activation. Mol. Pharmacol., 69, 195-206. 3. Plumier, S.M., Holloway, K., Manson, M.M., Munks, R.J., Kapttein, A., Farrow, S. and Howells, L. (1999) Inhibition of cyclooxygenase 2 expression in colon cells by the curcumin chemo-preventive agent that involves the inhibition of NF kappa B activation via the NIK / IKK signaling complex. Oncogene, 18, 6013-6020. 4. Pascha, A.G., Butler, R. and Young, C.Y. (1998) Induction of apoptosis in prostate cancer cell lines by the green tea component, (-) - epigallocatechin-3-gallate.

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The subject matter of the invention being further described, it will be obvious that it can be modified or varied in many ways. Said modifications and variations will not be such as to depart from the scope and spirit of the material subject of the invention and all such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the following claims.

Claims (21)

1. A method for modulating an eicosanoid metabolic process in the cells of an animal in need thereof, comprising administering to the animal an amount of an effective composition for regulating the activity of an eicosanoid oxygenase, wherein the composition comprises therapeutically effective amounts of the extracts supercritical of rosemary, Indian saffron, oregano and ginger and therapeutically effective amounts of the hydroalcoholic extracts of basil, ginger, Indian saffron, Scutellaria baicalensis, rosemary, green tea, huzhang, goldtread Chinese and Barberry.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cells are cancer cells.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the cancer cells comprise prostate cancer cells, breast cancer cells, lung cancer cells, colon cancer cells or a combination thereof.

4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the eicosanoid metabolic process is aberrant metabolism associated with cellular transformation to cancer, cell proliferation, cancer cell metastasis, cancer cell invasion, modulated angiogenesis of cancer cells , the suppression of apoptosis modulated by cancer cells or a combination thereof.

5. The method according to claim 2, wherein the eicosanoid is selected from the group consisting of arachidonic acid and linolinic acid.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the eicosanoid is arachidonic acid.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the eicosanoid oxygenase is cyclooxygenase-1, cyclooxygenase-2,5-lipoxygenase, 12-lipoxygenase or a combination thereof.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the eicosanoid oxygenase is 12-lipoxygenase.

9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the eicosanoid oxygenase is 5-lipoxygenase.

10. The method according to claim 7, wherein the eicosanoid oxygenase is cyclooxygenase-1, cyclooxygenase-2 or a combination thereof.

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the eicosanoid oxygenase is cyclooxygenase-1.

12. The method according to claim 10, wherein the eicosanoid oxygenase is cyclooxygenase-2.

13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the regulation of the activity of an eicosanoid oxygenase is inhibition.

14. The method according to claim 1, wherein the modulation of an eicosanoid metabolic process comprises the inhibition of NF-OB activity in the cells of the animal.

15. The method according to claim 1, wherein the animal is human.

16. A method for administering 13-S-HODE to an animal in need thereof, comprising administering to the animal a composition comprising therapeutically effective amounts of supercritical extracts of rosemary, saffron from Indian, oregano and ginger and therapeutically effective amounts of hydroalcoholic extracts of basil, ginger, saffron from India, Scutellaria baicalensis, rosemary, green tea, huzhang, Chinese goldthread and barberry.

17. The method according to claim 16, wherein the animal is human.

18. A method for inhibiting inflammation mediated by arachidonic acid in an animal in need thereof, comprising administering to the animal a composition comprising therapeutically effective amounts of supercritical extracts of rosemary, Indian saffron, oregano and ginger and therapeutically effective amounts of extracts hydroalcoholics of basil, ginger, Indian saffron, Scutellaria baicalensis, rosemary, green tea, huzhang, Chinese goldthread and barberry.

19. The method according to claim 18, wherein the animal is human.

20. A method for modulating the level of NF-DB gene products regulated in the cells of an animal in need thereof, comprising administering to an animal a composition comprising therapeutically effective amounts of supercritical extracts of rosemary, saffron from Indian, oregano and ginger and therapeutically effective amounts of hydroalcoholic extracts of basil, ginger, Indian saffron, Scutellaria baicalensis, rosemary, green tea, huzhang, Chinese goldthread and barberry.

21. The method according to claim 20, wherein the animal is human.